Behavioral Management As a Forms of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Prevention in Adolescents

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT AS A FORMS OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PREVENTION IN ADOLESCENTS

1Nildawati, 2Yudi Adnan, 3Angga Maulana, 4Ade Fadly H. Masse, 5Haerul Anwar, 6Suci Permata 1 Departement Of Public Health, Epidemiology Division, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia 2 Departement Of Public Health, Hospital Administration Division, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia 3.4.5.6 Departement Of Public Health, Health Promotion Divison, Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of risk behavior in adolescents Received : April 4th, 2021 is increasing and the impact is very worrying. Various data th Revised : May 16 , 2021 and facts related to risk behavior in adolescents, namely st Available online : May 31 , 2021 smoking, drinking alcohol, drug abuse, and premarital sexual relations. CORRESPONDENCE Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine more comprehensively related behavioral management as a form of prevention of smoking and alcohol consumption among Phone : 082396 567 xxx adolescents in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Email : nildawatiahmad@uin -alauddin.ac.id Method: Qualitative research with a design case study. The informants in this study were adolescents aged 12-24 years KEYWORDS who live in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia (Makassar City, Gowa Regency, Bone Regency, and Sinjai Regency). Result: The main factors causing the behavior of consuming Behavioral Management; smoking; drinking alcohol and smoking are the sense of wanting to try, peer alcohol influence, and lack of access to information. Regarding the behavioral management of adolescent risk behavior, it is known that the role of parents, relatives, neighbors, neighborhood communities, peers, and health workers contributes to efforts to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents. Conclusion: The contribution of parents is very necessary to supervise the daily life or behavior of children. The government and health workers are required to be more effective in dealing with the problem of adolescent risk behavior by routinely providing guidance and counseling. The community can play an active role in monitoring adolescents who engage in risky behavior. However, this will not be effective if there is no collaboration between the perpetrators at risk themselves, parents, family, peers, and the neighborhood where they live.

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

INTRODUCTION shift in new disease patterns and the increase Indonesia is one of the countries with in noncommunicable diseases that occur are the highest population in the Asia Pacific due to lifestyle changes and an increase in region. The total population of Indonesia is data on cases of non-communicable diseases 261.1 million with 71 million adolescents as the number of deaths due to smoking aged 10-24 or 27% (Windiany E, 2018). continues to increase from 41.75% in 1995 to Based on the projection of Indonesia's 59.7% in 2007. Besides In the 2006 national population in 2010 - 2035, the total economic survey, it was stated that the poor population of Indonesia in 2017 is 261.890 spend 12.6% of their income on cigarette people (Pustadin, 2018). Adolescence is a consumption. period of transition between childhood to Smoking behavior among adolescents adulthood and psychological symptoms that will generally increase according to the stage reflect a period of change and have not of development which is marked by the reached mental and social maturity so they increasing frequency and intensity of smoking must face conflicting emotional and social which causes them to experience nicotine pressures (Jannah M, 2017). dependence (Kemenkes RI, 2017). Based on Health in adolescence is an important data from Basic Health Research aspect of the life cycle of an individual. This (RISKESDAS) in 2018, the smoking period is the period when individuals begin to prevalence of people aged > national 10 years learn and have functional and healthy is 28.8%. The prevalence of smoking abilities. Adolescence is a critical period in according to sex prevalence in males is 62.9 the human life cycle (Sunardi, 2020). This and for females is 4.8%. According to the period is an important period for reproductive place of residence, the prevalence of smoking health and the early formation of healthy in rural and urban areas is not too different, behavior. however, in rural areas, it is slightly higher The description of the problem of (29.1%) compared to urban areas (27.9%). adolescent health risk behavior is important as According to the age group, the highest a basis for determining the priority and prevalence was at the age of 40- 49 years at direction of interventions that must be 39.5%, while at the young age/novice smoker developed and to prevent disease or (≤ 18 years) was 8.8% (Balitbangkes, 2018). premature death at an older age (Litbangkes, In addition to smoking, another risk behavior 2015). During the modernization and carried out by adolescents is drinking alcohol. globalization era, adolescents are very Drinking alcohol is a behavior that supports a vulnerable to the influence of harmful risk person to consume narcotics. This is behaviors (Kemenkes RI, 2011). The current supported by research by Sitorus (2014) that 19

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online) previous narcotics users have a habit of METHODS drinking alcohol, namely 76%, and the age at This research is descriptive qualitative first using narcotics <20 years is 42.7% research with a case study research design. (Sitorus JR, 2014 & 2016). This qualitative descriptive model emphasizes Behavioral management is a comprehensive (holistic), description indispensable in changing individual behavior pragmatic, strategic, and self-reflective. The and habits to implement prevention of risk informants in this study were adolescents who behaviors. Behavioral management can live in South Sulawesi Province and live in influence a person in undergoing risk Makassar City, Gowa Regency, Bone behavior, so that adolescent companions in Regency, and Sinjai Regency. this case parents, family, and government, the Data collection techniques using social community, and health workers need to interview techniques and direct observation of master adolescent behavior management. informants who smoke or drink alcohol. Data Because the companion has the authority to analysis was performed using qualitative data influence how adolescents behave and act. analysis which was developed or better What they learn and see can become an known as interactive analysis (interactive experience and shape their character. models of analysis). This interactive analysis Good management of adolescent consists of three main components, namely behavior will affect the optimization of the data reduction, data presentation, and drawing process of better character building. Behavior conclusions which are carried out in an management is the management of behavior interactive forum with the data collection during the process of life development, such process as a cycle. as creating conducive conditions, motivation, cooperation, and calm so that adolescents can Inclusion Criteria: learn from everyday life. One of the factors 1. Adolescents with risk behavior (consuming alcohol or drinking alcohol) influencing the behavior management of a 2. 12-24 years of teenager is the behavior management of 3. Domiciled in Makassar City, Gowa parents and the environment. Bad parental Regency, Bone Regency, or in Sinjai Regency. behavior in the family will also affect all 4. Parents of adolescents with risk behavior conditions in the family. In addition, good (Mr / Ms) related to management behavioral 5. Relatives of adolescents with risk behavior 6. Close friends of adolescents with risk management from the government and health behavior workers will contribute to the prevention of 7. Community/neighbors where youths live adolescent risk behavior. with risk behavior

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

8. Local government (Village Head, RT / A. Description of Smoking Behavior RW, Lurah) which is the area where teenagers with risk behavior live Based on the results of the interviews 9. Local health workers who are areas where it is known that smoking is related in teenagers with risk behavior live adolescents caused by 3 main factors, namely 10. Willing to become informants. knowledge related to the impact of smoking, Exclusion Criteria: the influence of friends, and other triggering 1. Adolescents with risk behavior who do not factors. live with parents.

2. Respondents are selected but suffer from 1. Level of knowledge physical and mental disorders (unable to communicate well). Based on the results of the interview, it is known that adolescent knowledge about the RESULTS impact of smoking is still lacking. Table 1. Research Informants No Informants Total Information Following are the results of the interview 1 Adolescents in 5 Main with the main informant: Makassar City informants (informants who `` ...... I don't know the impact, except engage in risk behavior) packs of cigarettes ...... '' 2 Adolescents in Gowa 5 Main Regency (informants informants (IP, 18 years old, Makassar City) who engage in risk behavior) The results of interviews and other 3 Adolescents in Bone 5 Main observations prove that they do not District (informants informants understand the risk of disease from the impact who engage in risk of smoking behavior, the following is an behavior ) excerpt from the interview with the 4 Adolescents in Sinjai 5 Main District (informants informants informant: who engage in risk behavior) `` ...Sometimes when you don't smoke, your 5 Parents main 12 Key head is very dizzy, and body limp...... '' informants informants 6 Main informant family 8 Key (RN, 20 years old, Gowa Regency) informants 7 Peers main informants 8 Key (Close friends) informants 2. The influence of peers 8 Community/neighbors 4 Key Where the main informants In addition to the level of knowledge of the informant lives 9 Local government 4 Key causes of other risky behavior in adolescents is (Village Head, RT / informants RW, Lurah) peer invitation. The results of the interview from 10 Local health workers 2 Key who are the areas informants the informants showed that the influence of peers where adolescents live gave a very significant contribution in with risk behavior influencing adolescent risk behavior.

Following are the results of interviews with informants:

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

B. Description of Alcohol Consumption `` ...... At first, I just started smoking Behavior cigarettes from high school, because I saw my friend finally I was curious. So I tried it Regarding the description of alcohol and it turned out delicious ... '' consumption behavior, it is known that the (ICN, 22 years old, Sinjai Regency) factors that most influence alcohol Apart from that, other informants also consumption behavior among adolescents are said that smoking is a form of pleasure. The the influence of social environment and following are the results of the interview: access to information. `` ...... Just for fun together. if I'm hanging out with my new friends smoking, Let me be a little cooler. And my parents 1. The influence of the social environment. also did not forbid smoking, because he Based on the results of in-depth also experienced the same thing ... `` interviews, several informants said that the (ILN, 17 years old, Bone Regency) association of teenagers was quite worrying

Based on the results of the interview even though they were still in junior high above, it can be concluded that smoking school, but they already knew and consumed behavior in adolescents is influenced by peer alcoholic beverages. As said by the informant factors and the environment. Peers have such as follows:

a big and strong influence because `` ...... I was introduced to alcohol for adolescents feel that their existence is the first time since I was in junior high school. Initially, I wanted to just try it and recognized if they can hang out and follow over time I became a habit and it was a trends carried out by their friends. symbol of laung that it was difficult to stop drinking the drink ... '' 3. The triggering factor (FDL, 15 years old, Sinjai Regency) Factors for adolescent smoking habits are due to curiosity or want to relieve stress `` ...... I first drank alcohol for the first time because of an invitation from a friend and boredom. The following are the results of who said that drinking alcohol can calm the interview: the mind ...... '' (ARH, 20 years old, Gowa Regency) `` ...... Well, at first I wanted to know, and it turned out that it was really good, especially if I had done this I felt The risk behavior of alcohol calm, until finally I got addicted until now consumption originates from the influence of ...... '' the social environment where peers have a (IP, 18 years old, Makassar City) habit of drinking alcohol. By the results of the

interview with the following informant:

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

`` ...... I drank alcohol for the first time `` ... Until now I have not received any because of an invitation from a friend to information from health workers or the join forces to buy the drink because my government regarding consuming alcohol friend was short of money ... .. '' ...... `` (MN, 21 years old, Gowa Regency) (AD, 22 years old, Makassar City)

Based on the results of interviews from C. Behavioral Management of Adolescent Alcohol Consumption Behavior and informants, it can be said that children who Smoking Habits The hang out with positive group friends will lead 1. Role of parents in adolescent risk behavior them to positive behavior, and vice versa, management children who hang out with negative group Parents are the first environment that friends such as friends in the group are a can help anticipate smoking behavior in group who often drink alcohol, then members adolescents. The results of the study prove of the group will follow other friends to drink that the parenting style influences the alcohol. smoking behavior of adolescents. The role of 2. Access to information parents is an important factor in dealing with Due to the lack of information they adolescent smoking behavior. Based on the obtain about the risks of alcohol consumption, results of interviews with informants 'parents, their knowledge of the effects of drinking it is known that the parents who play the most alcohol is also limited, they do not know the role in smoking prevention efforts in consequences of their actions. This is as adolescents are mothers, while fathers/fathers stated by the informant as follows: are not significant in preventing smoking in adolescents because most of the informants' `` ...... I don't know the impact of consuming alcohol, because until now fathers/fathers also have a smoking habit. there has been no impact that I feel ...... '' The following are the results of the (FDL, 24 years old, Sinjai Regency) interview with the informant:

The behavior of consuming alcohol in `` ...... I have always reminded my child adolescents proves that they do not know and not to smoke, I was very angry when I first found out that my child was smoking, but understand what the impact is when they it's useless I was angry because my child often consume these drinks. The lack of didn't want to listen, plus his father also has a habit of smoking, so it's useless to access to information on socialization and remind you ... `` education about the impact of drinking (ANN, 56 years old, Makassar City) alcohol is by what the informants said : The results of other interviews revealed that the role of parents would be ineffective in efforts to prevent children's risk behavior, if 23

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

the parents, in this case, the father/father also `` ...... I was caught when there was a had risk behavior habits: bridal ceremony and I immediately reported it to her parents...... `` `` ...... I hope my child does not smoke like Me, I have reminded him, but my child (IF, 49 years old, Sinjai Regency) is grown, can already distinguish which 3. The role of neighbors and the community one is good and what is bad ... '' where they live in the management of (SYM, 59 years old, Gowa Regency) adolescent risk behavior Additional information was obtained In general, neighbors and the community from other parents, that their role was not expect no-risk behavior to adolescents but this allowing smoking and limiting pocket money: is only as hope because they do not want to interfere too much in this matter, the form of `` ...... Now I don't allow smoking in the the role they do is only an occasional house and limit my allowance ...... `` reminder, The following are the results of the interview with the informant: (ANW, 47 years old, Bone Regency) `` ...... We hope that today's teenagers do not smoke or drink alcohol, we as 2. The role of relatives/relatives in adolescent neighbors occasionally remind us, because risk behavior management we are afraid that we will interfere too far... '' Based on the results of interviews with families, it is known that the form of behavior (AMR, 60 years old, Sinjai Regency) management carried out by families is in the Another form of role is direct snoring, the form of prohibitions, the following is an following is the result of the interview with excerpt from the interview: the informant: `` ...... My nephew smokes, but rarely. I `` ...... Usually, when they gather until have reminded him but because his name the early hours of the morning, I is also a young child, and indeed his sometimes play the guitar because current relationship is like that ... '' someone usually brings alcohol, but (NL, 33 years old, Gowa Regency) smoking is a habit. it's normal ..... '' Another role played by families is to (RAI, 55 years old, Sinjai Regency) tell experiences from events related to the It is not an easy thing to give memorials to impact of risk behavior, such as the following adolescents who engage in risky behavior, interview results: because in their own families, many of them `` ...... I am giving an example of a also carry out these risk behaviors, the grandfather who died from a diagnosis of following are the results of the interview: lung disease, initially following the advice but over time returning to smoking ...... '' `` ... There are also children who hear when they are reminded. But usually only a (TMR, 30 years old, Makassar City) little while back to smoking again. It's a bit difficult because the family at home is hard Unlike the case with other informant to remind, especially if other people ... '' families, the action taken was not in the form of a direct reprimand, but instead reported the (ANT, 47 years old, Gowa Regency) incident to the teenager's parents, following the results of the interview:

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

4. The role of peers in the management of The results of other interviews revealed risk behavior for adolescents that the strategic role of the local government was to involve apprentice / practical students Peers have a very big and strong to help educate and provide counseling influence because adolescents feel that their regarding the dangers of smoking and alcohol existence is recognized if they can hang out consumption, here are the results of the and follow trends carried out by their friends, interview: here are the results of the interview: `` ...... When students are practicing from `` ...... Most of my friends are smokers health, We usually direct us to provide and I smoke, but we also remind each related counseling ... '' other not to smoke too often ... '' (TT, 58 years old, Bone Regency) (FTR, 18 years old, Bone Regency)

It's different if peers know the dangers Another form of the role played by of risky behavior because it will provide direct local governments who also have a smoking education regarding the dangers of risky habit is by not smoking in public places, the behavior, here are the results of the interview: following are the results of the interview:

`` ...... I sometimes ask what is the `` ... I am also a smoker, but as much as pleasure of smoking and I happen to study possible I do not smoke in public places or health so I know the effects of smoking. I tell you the impact of smoking and when gathering. with teenagers ...... '' consuming alcohol ...... '' (ASW, 51 years old, Makassar City) (IKA, 19 years old, Makassar City) 6. The role of local health workers in the Another role of peers is to not allow smoking at close range and not allow alcohol management of adolescent risk behaviors consumption: Health workers have a strategic role in changing adolescent behavior to be conducive `` ... When there is a group event, for those to risk behavior through health promotion, who smoke we ask not to smoke near us, here are the results of interviews with local but if we consume alcohol we are do not health workers : allow ...... '' `` ...... There is a routine program at the (AGG, 20 years old, Bone Regency) Puskesmas to socialize the dangers of 5. The role of local government in the smoking and consuming alcohol ... '' management of adolescent risk behavior. (RCK, 33 years old, Makassar City) The role of the local government will make Another program carried out is by involving every possible effort to prevent and overcome wives/mothers to encourage husbands and not the problems of adolescent risk behavior, one to smoke, the following is an excerpt from the of which is by launching a smoking and interview: alcohol-free program, the following are the results of the interview: `` ...... When there is a posyandu activity, we do counseling related to the `` ...... We hope there is a program dangers of passive smoking. and the role of smoking and alcohol-free, although it is the wife in encouraging husbands and difficult, we will still plan it ... '' children not to smoke ...... '' (BR, 46 years old, Sinjai Regency) (DWI, 39 years old, Makassar City)

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

DISCUSSION relationships, some of the conditions found in 1. The role of parents and relatives/siblings in the field are that some teenagers smoke and the management of adolescent risk often consume alcohol. family or parents, in behavior this case, the father also has the habit of Parents and relatives play an important smoking and consuming alcohol, so that the role in preventing adolescent risk behavior child does not get a good education, guidance, (Gustina, 2017). Family involvement in child and role models from the father. Parents development is very important, especially for greatly contribute to changing children's parents. Parents are sometimes so busy with behavior and paradigms (Kadir, 2018). their activities without caring about how their The family is the smallest unit in children are developing. Parents tend to think social, national, and state life. Every family only of their child's external needs by working bears responsibility for the safety, tranquility, hard regardless of how their children grow and happiness, and well-being of each member. develop. Therefore, it is necessary to know The first education is obtained by a child from more in-depth various explanations regarding his parents (El-Dairi, 2019). It is with the the function (Rochaniningsih, 2014). The parents that a child initiates interaction and family function consists of (6) dimensions, communication. Communication is an namely problem solving, communication, role, important thing in individual life to interact affective responsiveness, affective with their environment. Warm conversations involvement, behavior control (Appulembang, between children and parents have important 2019). meaning and happiness for a child (Kadir Based on the results of interviews with 2018). parents and relatives of adolescents with risk

behavior, it is known that parents and families 2. The role of neighbors and the community have made prevention efforts such as where they live in the management of youthful risk behavior prohibiting smoking, advising, not giving The role of society is stated in Law permission to smoke in the house, and limiting Number 20 of 2003 Articles 8 and 9 which pocket money, however, there are some states that the community has the right to parents and families that have surrendered to participate in the planning, implementation, the behavior of their children and their parents monitoring, and evaluation of educational do not supervise their children's interactions. work programs and is obliged to provide This concurs with the results of research by resource support in providing education. From Munawir Kadir Yang, who said that underage the contents of the article above, it can be children consume alcohol are also because understood that the community has an their parents do not supervise their children's obligation for education around them. These 26

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online) obligations start from planning the 3. The role of peers in the management of adolescent risk behavior implementation to the results to be achieved. Every individual has a role in his life, the Adolescence has certain characteristics social relationships that occur in society are a that distinguish it from the period before and collection of the various roles of each existing after it. Adolescence is a transitional period individual. However, this returns to the means a transition from one stage of individual whether he can carry out his role development to the next (Prasasti, 2017). This properly or not. A role that is carried out means that what has happened before will properly by the perpetrator can make a person leave its mark on what is happening now and have an orderly life because the role can in the future, as well as influencing new control a person's behavior. patterns of behavior and attitudes. In Based on the results of the interview, it adolescence, the role of peers makes a very was found that the community wants a change significant contribution in influencing in risk behavior in adolescents, but it cannot be behavior. denied that this will be difficult to achieve if Peers have such a big and strong there is no intention from the teenagers and influence because adolescents feel that their their families. People do not want to go too far existence is recognized if they can hang out to give warnings even though communication and follow trends carried out by their friends. of behavior change is needed in the current The results of the interviews that have been situation. Because the communication conducted show that peer influence is a very approach to society that can be used is domain. The results of other studies indicate different from communication in general. For that there are enough close friends of the situations like this, with a risk communication informants to do the same behavior, namely approach that refers to increasing public smoking. So that this is a major health knowledge of the potential risks and threats of problem in existing adolescents. From the health problems so that they can decide on results of interviews conducted by researchers steps and actions that can protect themselves with adolescents from informants, it was found from these problems. The World Health that curiosity, curiosity to try were the highest Organization (WHO) defines risk causes that made them smoke and partly communication as the exchange of information because of the environment in which they and views on risk and risk-related factors lived. This is in line with the opinion of among risk assessors, risk managers, Nurmiyanto and Rahmani in 2013 which said consumers, and various other interested that teenagers tend to have a great curiosity. parties. Because adolescence is a time when a person is still looking for his identity and is unstable, 27

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online)

especially against environmental influences. conducive environment, supported by Adolescence is a period where an individual proactive community behavior and able to experiences a transition from one stage to the reach health services. next and experiences changes in both Based on the results of the interview, it emotions, bodies, interests, behavior patterns, can be concluded that the role of local and is also full of problems (Nurmiyanto, A & government and health workers has made Rahmani, 2013). every possible effort to prevent and overcome The results showed that there were the problem of adolescent risk behavior. enough close friends of the informant drinking However, this will not be effective if there is ballo drinks. Adolescents who consume no collaboration between the perpetrators at alcoholic beverages in general because the risk themselves, parents, family, peers, and the drink promises something that is a sense of neighborhood where they live. To accelerate enjoyment, comfort, pleasure, and serenity, the the improvement of public health status, a most important thing is to get rid of the burden health development strategy, targets, and and all the problems faced and have curiosity policies for health development that are by experimenting (Maula and Yuniastuti, sustainable, sustainable, comprehensive, 2018). equitable, and integrated are required. In health development, public health 4. The role of local government and health personnel is part of human resources whose workers in the management of youth risk role is very important to raise a higher behavior. awareness of health services that are Health development is an integral part promotive and preventive. For this reason, it is of development national. In 1948, the World necessary to prepare trained personnel in the Health Organization / WHO agreed that field of health promotion including experts obtaining the highest degree of health was a who understand sociology, anthropology, fundamental right for everyone regardless of behavior, science extension, and others. In race, religion, politics, and socioeconomic addition, public health workers can also play a level. Changes in understanding the concepts role in curative and rehabilitative fields. of health and illness and the advancement of Public health workers have a strategic science and technology have overturned the role in changing people's behavior to be old health paradigm which prioritized curative conducive to risk behavior through health and rehabilitative health services, replaced by promotion. Promotions that are carried out a new health development paradigm, namely need to follow 4 stages, namely: 1) introducing the proactive Healthy Paradigm. In a healthy healthy behavior ideas and techniques, 2) Indonesia 2010, what is expected is a identifying and developing healthy behavior 28

Hospital Management Studies Journal (Homes Journal) Volume 1 No 3, May 2021 ISSN: 2746-878X (Print), 2746-8798 (Online) change strategies, 3) motivating the RECOMMENDATIONS community so that changes in healthy behavior Behavioral management of risk occur and 4) understanding how to behavior in adolescents is very necessary for communicate and designing communication controlling risk behavior. The contribution of programs. parents is needed in supervising the daily life or behavior of children. Meanwhile, the CONCLUSION government and health workers are required to The main factors causing risk behavior be more effective in dealing with the problem in adolescents such as drinking alcohol/alcohol of adolescent risk behavior by routinely are the desire to try, peer influence, and the providing guidance and counseling. And the lack of information they get about the risk of community can play an active role in alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, the factors supervising adolescents who engage in risky that cause smoking behavior in adolescents are behavior. the role of the local government and that smoking is considered a habit and lifestyle health workers has made every possible effort and is difficult to stop because it causes a to prevent and overcome the problem of youth sense of comfort and addiction. Regarding the risk behavior. However, this will not be behavioral management of adolescent risk effective if there is no collaboration between behavior, it is known that the role of parents, the perpetrators at risk themselves, parents, relatives, neighbors, neighborhood family, peers, and the neighborhood where communities, peers, and health workers they live. contributes to efforts to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents.

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