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TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE VOL. CXVII TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOR THE YEAR 1965 VOLUME 117 LIVERPOOL PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1966 Made and Printed in Great Britain by C. Tinting & Co. Ltd., Liverpool, London and Prescot. EDITORIAL NOTE Even so diverse a body as a Historic Society must have a local habitation as well as a name, but though most of the Society's meetings are held in Liverpool the name reminds us that the Society's sphere of interest and, we hope, of influence, extends to Cheshire as well as to Lancashire. The editors are therefore particularly glad to consider articles relating to the history of Cheshire and are pleased that it is possible to print three such papers in this volume. We hope that more contributions from Cheshire historians will be forthcoming. Honorary editors, in their enthusiasm for presenting to readers all that deserves to be published, are a sore trial to honorary treasurers, who must have an equal enthusiasm for balancing the books. We have therefore been asked to make amends by reminding members that it would be of great assis tance to the Society if they would arrange to pay their subscrip tions in accordance with a deed of covenant, the necessary forms being obtainable from either of the treasurers. The Council is grateful to Mr. D. Anderson, Mr. B. G. Blackwood, Mr. J. Phillip Dodd, Mr. D. J. Hoey and Mr. E. Midwinter for contributing to the cost of producing this volume, and, once again, to Mr. and Mrs. P. S. H. Garlick for editing it. August 1966 J. J. BAGLEY The University, JAMES MURPHY Liverpool Honorary Editors The Council wishes it to be known that authors alone are responsible for the opinions and statements in their several papers. Contributors to these TRANSACTIONS are advised to write to one of the Honorary Editors. Members who wish to read papers should write to the Honorary Secretary. CONTENTS PAGE COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1966 . xi AFFILIATED SOCIETIES . .. .. .. .. xii LIST OF MEMBERS . .. .. .. .. .. xiii HONORARY MEMBERS . .. .. xxiv PAPERS THE PORT OF CHESTER IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. By K.P.Wilson, B.A., Ph.D. .. .. .. .. 1 THE LANCASHIRE CAVALIERS AND THEIR TENANTS. By B. G. Blackwood, B.A., B.Litt. .. .. .. 17 THREE CRUCK BUILDINGS IN LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE : PUDDING PIE NOOK, WREA GREEN. By Robert F. Taylor, B.A., A.M.A. .. .. .. .. .. 33 SCHOOL HOUSE FARM, UP HOLLAND. By G. H. A. Bankes and J. P. Haworth . .. 47 BIRD'S BARN, WALLASEY. By David J. Hoey .. .. 53 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE MARSHALLS OF NORTHWICH, SALT PROPRIETORS: A SAGA OF THE INDUSTRIAL ERA IN CHESHIRE, 1720-1917. By D. A. Iredale, M.A., Ph.D. .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 THE EXCAVATION OF A BLOOMERY FURNACE AT HACKEN- SALL. By Robert F. Taylor, B.A., A.M.A. .. .. 83 SOUTH LANCASHIRE IN TRANSITION, A STUDY OF THE CROP RETURNS FOR 1795-1801. By J. Phi/lip Dodd, M.Sc., M.A. .. .. .. .. .. .. 89 BLUNDELL'S COLLIERIES: WAGES, DISPUTES AND CONDI TIONS OF WORK. By D. Anderson, F.G.S., M.I.Min. E., A.R.I.C.S. .. .. .... .. .. 109 vii Vlll CONTENTS PAGE POOR LAW ADMINISTRATION IN PRESTON UNION, 1838- 1848. By Winifred Proctor, B.A. .. .. .. 145 LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH IN LANCASHIRE, 1848-1858. By Eric Midwinter, M.A. .. .. .. .. 167 SHORTER PAPERS THE BATTLE OF WHALLEY, 798 A.D. By D. P. Kirby, M.A.,Ph.D. .. .. .. .. ., .. 181 ROGER OF POITOU. By R. Schofield .. .. .. 185 THE HALMOTE ROLLS OF GREAT CROSBY. By Thomas Williams .. .. .. .. .. .. 191 TOUR OF THE CASTLES AND ABBEYS OF YORKSHIRE .. 195 NEW BOOKS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL .. .. .. .. .. 207 REPORT OF THE HONORARY LIBRARIANS .. .. .. 208 REPORT OF THE HONORARY TREASURER .. .. .. 209 INDEX .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 211 LIST OF PLATES PLATE PAGE 1 LANDBORNE TRAFFIC ENTERING CHESTER, 1473-74 ., 4 2 SEABORNE TRAFFIC, 1476-77 .. .. .. .. 8 3 SEABORNE TRAFFIC, 1526-27 .. .. .. ., 12 4 WILLIAM BLUNDELL .. .. .. .. .. 19 5 JAMES, EARL OF DERBY .. .. .. .. 22 6 SCHOOL HOUSE FARM: EAST SIDE OF CRUCK .. 48 7 WATTLE INFILL OF FRAMED PARTITION .. .. 50 8 SCHOOL HOUSE FARM FROM THE NORTH .. .. 50 9 BIRD'S BARN .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 10 SOUTH WALL OF BARN .. .. .. .. 55 11 BRINE SHEATH BROW, NORTHWICH .. .. .. 61 12 EAST SIDE DRY DOCK, LIVERPOOL .. .. .. 63 13 THE HARTFORD MANOR .. .. .. .. 74 14 THE HARTFORD BEACH .. .. .. .. 75 15 COLONEL SIR THOMAS HORATIO MARSHALL, C.B. .. 80 16 FORE-HEARTH AND FRONT OPENING OF THE KILN AT HACKENSALL .. .. .. .. 84 17 THE KILN LINING .. .. .. .. .. 85 18 BLUNDELL'S PEMBERTON COLLIERY .. .. .. Ill 19 THE BELT AND CHAIN SYSTEM .. .. .. 116 20 THE ROYAL HOTEL, WIGAN, 1853 .. .. .. 120 21 FIREMAN IGNITING AN ACCUMULATION OF GAS .. 121 22 BRINGING THE DEAD UP THE SHAFT, 1877 .. .. 123 23 STAFF OF PEMBERTON COLLIERY, c. 1880 .. .. 124 24 J. RITSON IN THE 1890s .. .. .. .. 126 25 ENLARGING AN UNDERGROUND ROADWAY, 1898 .. 127 26 HORSEMAN WITH PONY .. .. .. .. 129 27 OPENING OF PITHEAD BATHS, 1952 .. .. .. 133 28 STAFF AT SUMMERSALES COLLIERY, 1966 .. .. 135 29 THE KEEP, RICHMOND CASTLE .. .. .. 198 30 THE FRATER, FOUNTAINS ABBEY .. .. .. 200 LINE ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 PUDDING PIE NOOK: PLAN .. .. .. .. 35 2 NORTHERN TRUSS .. .. .. .. .. 37 3 ELEVATION AND PLAN OF WINDOW .. .. .. 38 4 FRAMEWORK OF WINDOW .. .. .. .. 39 5 PUDDING PIE NOOK : SOUTH-EAST ELEVATION .. 43 6 SCHOOL HOUSE FARM: WEST ELEVATION OF CRUCK 49 7 FLOOR PLAN OF DWELLING .. .. .. .. 51 8 BIRD'S BARN : GROUND PLAN .. .. .. 56 9 ROOF CONSTRUCTION .. .. .. .. .. 56 10 ELEVATION AND PLAN OF THE BLOOMERY FURNACE AT HACKENSALL .. .. .. .. .. 87 11 SOUTH LANCASHIRE .. .. .. .. .. 92 12 WHEAT YIELD IN 1795 .. .. .. .. 99 13 BARLEY YIELD IN 1795 .. .. .. .. 100 14 OATS YIELD IN 1795 .. .. .. .. .. 101 COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1966 Hon. President. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DERBY. M.C., LL.D. Hon. Vice-President. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF SEFTON, D.L., J.P. Council. President. Miss J. BECK, M.A. Vice-Presidents. B. B. B. BENAS. C.B.E., B.A., LL.M., J.P. G. W. COOPLAND, M.A., Litt.D. J. F. SMITH, M.A.. F.R.S.A., F.S.A.Scot. G. BARRACLOUGH, M.A. S. A. HARRIS, A.C.I.S. E. C. WOODS. L.D.S., R.C.S.,Eng., F.R.Hist.S. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. W. G. H. JONES. D. L. EVANS. Members of Council. To serve to end of 1966. FREDERICK G. BLAIR, M.A., F.S.A. D. B. QUIKN, D.Lit., F.R.Hist.S. Mrs. D. BAILEY, B.A. C. N. L. BROOKE, M.A., F.R.Hist.S To serve to end of 1967. Miss W. JONES, B.A. A. R. MYERS, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. THOMAS WILLIAMS. B. C. REDWOOD, M.A. To serve to end of 1968. M. M. SCHOFIELD, M.A. J. R. HARRIS, M.A., Ph.D. JOHN BLACKBURN W. R. S. McINTYRE Officers. Joint Hon. Treasurers. W. G. H. JONES, 11, WROXHAM DRIVE, UPTON. WIRRAL, CHESHIRE. CHARLES R. AMBLER, 21, HAMILTON ROAD, WALLASEY. Joint Hon. Editors. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S., 10, BEACH PRIORY GARDENS, SOUTHPORT. J. MURPHY, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S., 1, FUNCHAL AVENUE, FORMBY, LIVERPOOL. Hon. Librarian. G. CHANDLER, M.A., Ph.D., F.L.A., DOWSEFIELD LANE, CALDERSTONES, LIVERPOOL, 18. Hon. Assistant Librarian. N. CARRICK, B.A., F.L.A., THE CITY RECORD OFFICE, CENTRAL PUBLIC LIBRARY, WILLIAM BROWN STREET, LIVERPOOL, 3. Hon. Secretary. Miss P. PLEASANCE, 143, HOUOHTON ROAD, BIRKENHEAD. Hon. Auditor. K. CLIFFORD COOK, F.C.A. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES THE BROMBOROUGH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. D. Jones, 6, Western Avenue. New Ferry, Cheshire. CHORLEY AND DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. S. E. Robinson. 79, Babylon Lane. Chorley. CROSBY AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss W. Jones, B.A., 164, Liverpool Road, Lydiate. THE ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY, LIVERPOOL. President. F. Goodacre, M.A., 68, Irby Road, Hesvvall. Wirral. THE FORMBY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss B. M. Lindsay, Berwyn, King's Road, Formby. THE FYI.DE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. M. Roe, 204, Clifton Drive South, St. Annes-on-Sea. THE GARSTANG HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. Swarbrick, Gledale. Moss Lane, Garstang. HOYLAKE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. E. Jones, 66, Manor Road, Hoylake. HUYTON-WITH-ROBY HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. R. Capper, B.E.M., 238, Kingsway, Huyton-with-Roby. KIRKBY LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Gen. Sec. J. Kitchen, Kirkby Council of Social Services, The Family Welfare Centre, Cherryfield Drive, Kirkby, Liverpool. LIVERPOOL NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. E. W. Paget-Tomlinson, Alexandra Court Hotel, 28, Alexandra Drive, Liverpool, 17. LIVERPOOL TEACHERS ARCHIVES STUDY GROUP. Hon. Sec. R. E. B. Ratcliffe, Liverpool Bluecoat School, Church Road, Liverpool, 15. LONSDALE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. A. Holding, 16, Springfield Street, Lancaster. ORMSKIRK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Join! Hon. Sees. W. H. Ray, "Strathnaver", Town Green Lane, Aughton, Nr. Ormskirk. N. Forshaw, 34, Whalley Drive, Aughton, Nr. Ormskirk. PILLING AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. D. Coggin, "Bimsons", Wheel Lane, Pilling. PRESCOT HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. D. Bailey, 19, Stanley Crescent, Prescot, Lanes. PRESTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. James Roe, 13, Ardee Road, Broadgate, Preston, Lanes. SOUTHPORT LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. J. Gavin, St. Teresa's School, Southport. WARRINGTON AND DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. R. Burns, 33, Lambs Lane, Paddington, Warrington. WIDNES HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss Hilda Chadwick, 24, Woodland Avenue, Widnes. WIGAN AND DISTRICT HISTORIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. W. H. Taylor, 26, Swinley Road, Wigan, Lanes. LIST OF MEMBERS (Corrected to 1 March 1966) The names of life members are printed in bold type. DATE OF ELECTION.