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AN ACTIVISTS' GUIDE to the CBD.Pages ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! AN ACTIVISTS’ GUIDE TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! This guide is intended to provide a simple and accessible introduction to the Convention on Biological Diversity and current efforts to protect biodiversity. It aims to reflect a range of views held by members of the CBD Alliance, and includes summaries of CBD materials and other resources. It has been compiled by Ronnie Hall. Please send any further additional materials and updates to the CBD Alliance ([email protected]) ! ! ! !1 Back to index ! Economic support for this study was provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) through the Resilience and Development Programme (SwedBio) at Stockholm Resilience Centre ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Published: June 2014 !2 Back to index ! !3 Back to index ! INDEX (you can click on page numbers for direct access) I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 6 II. THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 2011-2020 ............................ 8 1. The CBD’s Strategic Plan 2011-2020 .................................................................................................. 9 2. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets ............................................................................................................ 11 III. DEALING WITH DIVERSITY: HOW DOES THE CBD ADDRESS THE MANY DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF BIODIVERSITY? ..................................................... 15 1. Agricultural Biodiversity ....................................................................................................................... 16 2. Dry and Sub-humid Lands Biodiversity .......................................................................................... 20 3. Forest Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................... 22 4. Inland Waters Biodiversity ................................................................................................................... 25 5. Island Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................... 27 6. Marine and Coastal Biodiversity ........................................................................................................ 28 7. Mountain Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................ 30 IV. CBD PROTOCOLS ....................................................................................... 32 1. A Brief introduction to CBD Protocols ........................................................................................... 32 2. Trade in Living ModiQied Organisms – the Cartagena Protocol .......................................... 33 3. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of BeneQits arising from their utilization ..................................................................... 37 V. TAKING A BROADER VIEW: CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ................................... 41 1. Biodiversity for Development ............................................................................................................. 43 2. Climate Change and Biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 44 3. Communication, Education and Public Awareness ................................................................... 46 4. Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures .................................................................................. 47 5. Ecosystem Approach .............................................................................................................................. 50 6. Gender and Biodiversity ....................................................................................................................... 51 7. Global Strategy for Plant Conservation .......................................................................................... 52 8. Global Taxonomy Initiative .................................................................................................................. 53 9. Health and Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................ 54 10. Impact Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 55 11. IdentiQication, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments ....................................................... 56 12. Invasive Alien Species ........................................................................................................................... 57 13. Liability and Redress ............................................................................................................................. 59 14. Protected Areas ......................................................................................................................................... 60 15. Sustainable use of Biodiversity ......................................................................................................... 62 16. Technology Transfer and Cooperation .......................................................................................... 64 17. Tourism and Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 66 18. Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices – Article 8(j) Mountain Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................... 67 19. New and Emerging Issues ................................................................................................................... 69 VI. UNDERSTANDING THE CBD’S STRUCTURE .................................................. 72 VII. MAKING IT ALL WORK: IMPLEMENTING THE CBD ...................................... 76 1. CBD Financial Resources and Mechanism ..................................................................................... 77 2. CBD Clearing-House Mechanism ....................................................................................................... 78 3. CBD Good Practice Guidelines ............................................................................................................ 79 4. OfQicial reviews of implementation .................................................................................................. 80 5. CBD and IUCN reviews of protected areas implementation ................................................. 81 VIII. THE CBD AND INTERNATIONAL LAW .......................................................... 84 1. The legal status of the CBD .................................................................................................................. 85 !4 Back to index 2. CBD Moratoria ........................................................................................................................................... 87 3. The CBD and other multilateral environmental agreements ................................................ 88 4. The CBD, international trade and the World Trade Organization ....................................... 90 IX. THE CBD: CRITICAL CONCERNS ................................................................... 92 1. The CBD and Indigenous Peoples .................................................................................................... 92 2. CBD and underlying drivers of biodiversity loss ....................................................................... 97 3. The CBD and ‘innovative Qinancial mechanisms’ ..................................................................... 100 X. GETTING INVOLVED, NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY ....................... 106 1. How the CBD applies to nation states .......................................................................................... 106 XI. CREATING EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS: ICCAS AND COMMUNITY PROTOCOLS 110 . 1. Indigenous and Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCAs) ........................ 110 2. Using Community Protocols ............................................................................................................ 112 Glossary .............................................................................................................. 114 ! !5 Back to index ! I. INTRODUCTION The world’s biodiversity is in crisis. Biodiversity — in terms of genes, species and ecosystems — continues to decline rapidly, as described in detail in Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. Biodiversity is now considered by many to be one of the ‘planetary boundaries’ — maybe even the most significant — that we are about to overstep in a relentless drive for economic growth. A study from the University of California, Berkeley describes this as a potential sixth mass extinction. It warns that if we continue on our current path three quarters of the world’s species could become extinct within the next 300 years. Analyzing the situation for mammals, reptiles, birds, plants, mollusks, and other forms of life, researchers found that 1% to 2% of species are already extinct today, and 20% to 50% are threatened — numbers that approach those of the great mass extinctions
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