KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013 (Part- III : MINERAL REVIEWS)
52nd Edition
KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE
(FINAL RELEASE)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES
Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001
PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in
July, 2015
30-1 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE 30 Kyanite, Sillimanite and Andalusite
yanite, sillimanite and andalusite are three others and not-known grades 1.6%. Statewise, Kaluminium silicate minerals having the same share of Andhra Pradesh alone is more than 78% of total resources followed by Karnataka 13% and chemical composition (Al2O3.SiO2) but differing in physical properties. These minerals are also Jharkhand 6%. Remaining 3% resources are in known as 'super-refractories' in view of their Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and special refractory properties. These minerals West Bengal (Table - 1). have special property of undergoing conversion into mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) and vitreous silica Sillimanite (cristobalite) on heating between 1,3500C and The total resources of sillimanite as per UNFC 1,5000 C. The conversion takes place with about system in the country as on 1.4.2010 are placed 20% increase in volume and hence it is necessary at 66.98 million tonnes. Out of these resources, to calcine these minerals before use. Mullite the reserves are only 4.08 million tonnes, while (artificial) is the most important constituent of about 62.90 million tonnes are the remaining refractory products as it shows little or no resources. Out of total resources, more than 72.1% softening below its melting point (1,8100C). After are granular high-grade, while quartz sillimanite calcination of these minerals, the mullite obtained rocks and sillimanite bearing rocks are about is characterised by good high temperature 22.7%. Resources of massive sillimanite of all insulation of electricity, increase in firing range grades are about 5.0%. The resources are located and temperature, high mechanical strength, low mainly in Tamil Nadu (27%), Odisha (20%), Uttar thermal expansion, good resistance to thermal Pradesh (17%), Andhra Pradesh (14%), Kerala shock of cooling and heating and good (11%) and Assam (7%). Remaining 4% resources resistance to corrosion. It also does not spall. It are in Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, is not a plastic mineral and is mixed with clay to Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan and West make refractory products for electrical insulators Bengal (Table-2). and spark plugs, glass furnaces, tanks and pots, furnaces for high melting point alloys and pottery Andalusite kiln linings, saggers and laboratorywares. The total resources of andalusite in the country as on 1.4.2010 as per UNFC system are placed at 18.5 million tonnes. There are no RESOURCES reserves. The resources are of inferred category Kyanite located in Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand (Table-3). The total resources of kyanite as per UNFC system (as on 1.4.2010) in the country are placed at 103.24 million tonnes. Out of these resources, EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT only 1.57 million tonnes are the reserves and The exploration was carried out by Geological 101.67 million tonnes are the remaining resources. Survey of India at Mairang-Langtor areas, Out of total resources, high and medium-grade West Khasi Hills district of Megalaya to resources together account for merely 1.5%, low delineate potential sillimanite zones in Precambrian grade 7.6%, mixed grade 0.8%, quartz kyanite gneissic terrain. Details of exploration are gneiss and kyanite schist rock 88.6% and granular, furnished in Table-4.
30-2 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE otal T (A+B) 1101099 1378709 resources (In tonnes) otal (B) T 48000 48000 12530 12530 23703 23703 26520 26520 200568 354221 278728 368378 438700 438700 750550 248359 248359 427980 202360 202360 248359 248359 7814569 7844841 5370800 5370800 4836567 6030599 4974625 4974625 2943592 3324413 81105358 81105358 80354228 80354228 13035438 13035438 101670767 103245620 ------Reconnaissance 48000 81359 12530 10000 81359 26520 106928 210025 430511 235620 Inferred 5370800 4250000 1713600 95914312 81105358 80353829 10688721 - - 93640 45000 34410 58500 297827 114689 167000 724625 167000 Indicated 2228400 3948492 3590902 1754900 3040283 1610502 ------Remaining resources 578607 192360 386247 192360 Measured 399 10606 21867 41384 10606 953600 386247 252334 1238407 1167175 tates) - - - Pre-feasibility ces of Kyanite as on 1.4.2010 4317 4317 21600 25917 21600 18843 ------(By Grades/S 33295 13097 STD211 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 Feasibility 276230 322622 309525 otal (A) T 89650 13097 153653 350549 380821 1574853 1194032 - able – 1 : Reserves/Resour T 53103 83851 12663 30272 96514 Probable Reserves - - - 89650 STD121 STD122 STD221 STD222 100550 ------Proved 17609 STD111 551529 524485 498839 266698 267222 524485 402325 267222 334285 349222 950729 284307 otal T tates mixed est Bengal amil Nadu High & medium mixed High, medium & low Medium & low mixed Granular Medium grade Low grade High grade Quartz kyanite rock Kyanite gneiss rock Kyanite schist Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Not-known Karnataka Others Kerala Rajasthan T Maharashtra Figures rounded off. W Grade/State All India : By Grades By S
30-3 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE otal T (A+B) 197127 205930 resources (In tonnes) 38 38 819 819 otal (B) 1120 2728 T 19800 19800 55807 55807 83000 83000 33705 33705 11903 11903 982725 982725 1653000 1653000 3110633 3117828 8956500 9644500 6451993 7150049 17058900 17952466 11450000 11450000 11450000 11450000 11500613 13102841 44425006 48306856 62902385 66987437 ------101600 102180 102180 101600 101600 101600 3748000 3748000 3748000 3748000 4604700 4604700 3849600 Reconnaissance -- -- 38 516 1120 2664 6700 19800 55807 83000 29705 11903 982725 Inferred 3529577 1653000 4943600 2259814 3369200 13829577 64 64 Indicated 850000 165408 850000 7430300 1526200 17795772 16152473 ------Remaining resources Measured 2100000 9350000 2100000 9350000 2479816 7595708 2479816 4579816 - --- 519 519 6557013 tates) 13525323 20082336 20082855 - - Pre-feasibility 4000 4000 ces of Sillimanite as on 1.4.2010 ------(By Grades/S 300 300 STD211 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 Feasibility 317569 120000 317869 124000 otal (A) T 196007 203202 698056 317569 120000 1602228 3881850 4085052 - able – 2: Reserves/Resour 2056 7195 56002 58058 T 561766 893566 170000 688000 731766 789824 Probable Reserves ------STD121 STD122 STD221 STD222 1602228 ------5139 Proved STD111 331800 140005 518000 145144 698056 1547856 1602228 1693000 1602228 otal T tates & low medium rock rock est Bengal amil Nadu Uttar Pradesh T Massive medium Figures rounded off. W Massive high, medium & low Odisha Meghalaya Not-known Andhra Pradesh Massive high & Sillimanite bearing Granular high Assam Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Quartz sillimanite Karnataka Jharkhand Massive low grade Kerala Massive medium grade Massive high grade Grade/States By S All India : By Grades 30-4 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE
Table – 3 : Reserves/ Resources of Andalusite as on 1.4.2010 (In '000 tonnes)
Total Remaining Total reserves resources resources (A+B) State (A) Inferred Total STD333 (B)
All India : Total – 18450 18450 18450
By States
Jharkhand – 4000 4000 4000
Uttar Pradesh – 14450 14450 14450
Table – 4 : Details of Exploration Activities for Kyanite, Sillimanite and Andalusite, 2012-13
Agency/ Location Mapping Drilling State/ Area/ Sampling Remarks District Block Scale Area No. of Meterage (No.) Reserves/Resources estimated (sq km) boreholes
GSI Meghalaya West Khasi Mairang- 1:12,500 41 --- Reconnaissance stage Langtor 75 investigations (G-4) was carried out to delineate potential zones of sillimanite occurences in Precambrian gneissic complex. The banded ferruginous rock containing sillimanite was recorded in the area. . 7 km WNW 1:12,500 50 --- 7 km WNW of Mairang banded of Mairang 1:2000 1 ferruginous rock containing sillimanite and garnet was recorded which is 2500 m in length and width varies from 4 to 20 m, strike is E-W and dip due north. It is similar to to the Sonapahar sillimanite deposit.
30-5 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE PRODUCTION, STOCKS & Dist. Rajasthan has reported only mine-head stocks. PRICES Kyanite The average daily employment of labour was 48 in 2012-13 as against 56 in the preceding year. The production of kyanite at 1,066 tonnes in Prices of kyanite are furnished in the General 2012-13, decreased by 74% as compared to the Review on 'Prices'. previous year due to environment related issues. There were 4 reporting mines during the year under review as against 3 mines in the previous year. Ninety nine percent production was reported from public sector during 2012-13 as compared to 100% in the preceding year (Tables- 5 & 6). In 2012-13, about one percent of the total production of kyanite was of grade 40% Al2O3 and above, the rest 99% was of below 40% Al2O3 grade. Two public sector mines in states of Jharkhand (Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corp. Ltd) and Maharashtra (Maharashtra State Mining Corp. Ltd) accounted for about 95% and 4% of the total production respectively. Remaining one percent was the contribution by private sector mines (Table- 7). Mine-head stocks at the end of 2012-13 were 8,408 tonnes as against 8,174 tonnes at the beginning of the year (Table - 8). For the first time a kyanite mine in Surawas, Bhilwara
Table – 5 : Producers of Kyanite, 2012-13
Location of mine Name & address of producer State District
Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corp. Ltd, Jharkhand Singhbhum (East) Khanij Nigam Bhawan, Nepal House Area, P.O. Doranda, Ranchi - 834 002, Jharkhand.
Maharashtra State Mining Corporation Ltd, Maharashtra Bhandara Plot No. 7, Ajni Chowk, Wardha Road, Nagpur - 440 015, Maharashtra.
30-6 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE Table – 6 : Production of Kyanite, 2010-11 to 2012-13 (By States) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 State Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 5954 6291 4064 4802 1066 1249
Jharkhand 3547 4207 4011 4757 1015 1204
Maharashtra 2407 2084 53 45 51 45
Table – 7 : Production of Kyanite, 2011-12 and 2012-13 (By Sectors/States/Districts/Grades) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000)
2011-12 2012-13 (P)
Quantity Quantity State/District No. of Value No. of Value mines Above Below Total mines Above Below Total 40% 40% 40% 40%
Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3
India 3 49 4015 4064 4802 4 8 1058 1066 1249 Public sector 2 49 4015 4064 4802 2 - 1058 1058 1235 Private sector 1* ---- 2 8 - 8 14
Jharkhand 1 - 4011 4011 4757 1 - 1015 1015 1204 Singhbhum (East) 1 - 4011 4011 4757 1 - 1015 1015 1204
Maharashtra 2 49 4 53 45 3 8 43 51 45 Bhandara 2 49 4 53 45 3 8 43 51 45
Table – 8 : Mine-head Stocks of Kyanite, 2012-13 (P) (By States/Grades) (Qty in tonnes)
At the beginning of the year At the end of the year State Above 40% Below 40% Total Above 40% Below 40% Total
Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3
India 85 8089 8174 269 8139 8408
Jharkhand – 1327 1327 - 1327 1327
Karnataka - 6444 6444 - 6444 6444
Maharashtra 85 298 383 269 348 617
Rajasthan - 20 20 - 20 20
30-7 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE
Sillimanite The average daily employment of labour during 2012-13 was 2,407 as against 1,683 in the The production of sillimanite at 43,736 tonnes previous year. Domestic prices of sillimanite are in 2012-13 recorded a decrease of 26% as compared furnished in the General Review on 'Prices'. to the previous year due to decrease in raw sand quantity and low throughput to the plant. There were 5 reporting mines in the current year as against 4 in the previous year. Besides, two mines reported production of sillimanite as an associated mineral with garnet and kyanite during 2012-13.
Four principal producers contributed the entire production. About 40% production of sillimanite was reported by the public sector, while the remaining 60% production was reported by the private sector. Andhra Pradesh, the main producing state contributed as much as 55% of the total production of sillimanite in 2012-13 followed by Odisha 28%, Kerala 11% and Maharashtra 6% (Tables - 9 to 11).
Mine-head stocks at the end of the year 2012-13 were 16,958 tonnes as against 21,630 tonnes at the beginning of the year (Table - 12).
Table – 9 : Producers of Sillimanite, 2012-13
Location of mine Name & address of producer State District
Indian Rare Earths Ltd, Odisha Ganjam Plot No. 1207, Veer Sawarkar Marg, Kerala Kollam Near Siddhi Vinayak temple, Prabhadevi, Mumbai-400 028, Maharashtra.
#Trimex Sands Private Limited, Andhra Srikakulam 3rd Floor, Serene Tower, Pradesh Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh.
Maharashtra State Mining Maharashtra Bhandara Corp. Ltd, Plot No.7, Ajni Chowk, Nagpur - 440 015. Maharashtra.
*Pavri Kyanite Mines Maharashtra Bhandara Salpekar Building, Rani Jhansi Square, Sitabuldi, Nagpur - 440012 Maharashtra.
# Producing as an associated mineral with garnet. * Producing as an associated mineral with kyanite.
30-8 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE Table – 10 : Production of Sillimanite, 2010-11 to 2012-13 (By States) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13(P) State Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 48784 407406 59206 522737 43739 360411 Andhra Pradesh 17849 136438 31992 304402 23896 204341 Kerala 8243 89981 7205 79255 4936 45194 Maharashtra 4653 3652 2520 4135 2590 3856 Odisha 17889 175742 17489 134945 12314 107020 Tamil Nadu 150 1593 ----
Table – 11 : Production of Sillimanite, 2011-12 and 2012-13 (By Sectors/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000)
2011-12 2012-13(P) State/District No. of mines Quantity Value No. of mines Quantity Value
India 4(2) 59206 522737 5(2) 43736 360411 Public sector 4 25677 215953 5 17490 152545 Private sector (2) 33529 306784 (2) 26246 207866
Andhra Pradesh (1) 31992 304402 (1) 23896 204341 Srikakulam (1) 31992 304402 (1) 23896 204341
Kerala 1 7205 79255 2 4936 45194 Kollam 1 7205 79255 2 4936 45194
Maharashtra 2(1) 2520 4135 2(1) 2590 3856 Bhandara 2(1) 2520 4135 2(1) 2590 3856
Odisha 1 17489 134945 1 12314 107020 Ganjam 1 17489 134945 1 12314 107020
Figures in parentheses indicate the number of associated mines of kyanite and garnet.
Table – 12 : Mine-head Stocks of Sillimanite MINING & MARKETING 2012-13(P) Kyanite (By States) (In tonnes) Kyanite mines are worked by opencast manual as well as semi-mechanised methods. Generally, the State At the beginning At the end mineral is marketed under three grades: above 60% of the year of the year Al2O3, 50-60% Al2O3 and less than 50% Al2O3. These India 21630 16958 three grades are used in the manufacture of refractories. Andhra Pradesh 8537 1108 Kerala 3227 3107 Maharashtra 2303 2158 Sillimanite Odisha 7081 10103 Sillimanite mines are also worked by opencast Rajasthan 317 317 method. Pohra mine of Maharashtra State Mining Tamil Nadu 165 165 Corporation Ltd is semi-mechanised. Granular sillimanite is obtained from beach sands Andalusite in Kerala, Odisha and Tamil Nadu as a by-product along There was no production of andalusite in the with ilmenite, rutile, zircon, garnet, etc. while recovering country since 1988. monazite. The Odisha Sands Complex of IREL in the
30-9 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE coastal region of Chatrapur in Ganjam district, Odisha, CONSUMPTION has the capacity to recover 10,000 tpy granular Kyanite sillimanite at present. At Chatrapur, mining is carried The consumption of kyanite is estimated at out by suction dredging with gravel pump. IREL's 3,000 tonnes in 2012-13 which is slightly higher Chavara plant in Kollam district, Kerala, presently has than previous year. Entire consumption of kyanite an installed capacity of 10,000 tpy granular sillimanite. was accounted for by the refractory industry. At Chavara in Kerala, beach sand mining operations are carried out by IREL in two stages: (i) by means of Sillimanite bulldozers and wheel loaders, and subsequently The consumption of sillimanite estimated at loading by front-end loaders, wheel loaders and belt 19,600 tonnes in 2012-13 increased by about conveyors; and (ii) upgrading it to around 93% heavy 40% over the previous year. Refractory industry minerals at Dredge and Wet Concentration Plant and alone accounted for about 90% consumption concentrate upgrading unit. The Mineral Recovery (Table-13). Plant (MRP) essentially consists of a dredging system to mine the deposit and a pre-concentration system to Table – 13 : Consumption of Kyanite separate the valuable minerals and dispose of the waste and Sillimanite 2010-11 to 2012-13 at the same place from where it was mined. The two ( By Industries) systems are mounted on a combined floating platform (In tonnes) which keeps moving with the progress of mining. For details regarding mining and processing, etc. of beach Industry 2010-11 2011-12(R) 2012-13(P) sand minerals, review on 'Ilmenite and Rutile' may be Kyanite referred. All Industries 2900 2900 3000 Refractory 2900(19) 2900(20) 3000(20) USES Sillimanite Kyanite, sillimanite and andalusite are mainly used All Industries 12500 14000 19600 in refractories because of their ability to form mullite Abrasive 100(1) 100(1) 100(1) phase at high temperature. These are used to Ceramic 400(4) 1600(4) 1600(4) manufacture refractory products like dense bricks, Chemical 200(1) 200(1) 200(1) insulating bricks, monolithic & castables. Sillimanite refractory bricks are extensively used in steel and glass Foundry ++(1) ++(1) ++(1) industries and also in ceramics, cement kilns, heat Refractory 11800(23) 12100(26) 17700(27) treatment furnaces and petrochemical industries. Figures rounded off. Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised SPECIFICATIONS sector reporting* consumption. (* includes reported consumption and/or estimates made BIS has prescribed IS:14301-1995 (reaffirmed in wherever required). 2010) for kyanite used in refractory industry. There are two grades i.e. Grade-1 and Grade-2. Composition WORLD REVIEW of kyanite under this specification is Al O 58% min 2 3 World reserve of kyanite and related for Grade-1 and 54% min for Grade-2; Fe O 1.50% 2 3 minerals is large in USA. Andalusite is limited to max, K O + Na O 1% max; other constituents as agreed 2 2 only a few countries. The main producer and between the supplier and purchaser and PCE not exporter of andalusite is South Africa. The less than 36 (for Grade-1) and 35 (for Grade-2). Size USA and India are the main producers of of the material is 50 to 150 mm or 10 to 50 mm. kyanite. Kyanite Mining Corp. in USA is, by far, BIS has laid down IS:14302-1995 (reaffirmed in the largest producer of kyanite, with an 2010) in respect of beach sand sillimanite for use in estimated production of about 95,000 tpy. India refractory industry, while IS:2045-1962 in respect of is the leading producer of sillimanite. World natural sillimanite blocks for glass melting tanks production of kyanite and related minerals is furnaces has been withdrawn. given in Table-14.
30-10 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE Table – 14 : World Production of Kyanite and Conchales zone resources of the project graded Related Minerals 6.1% heavy minerals, which contains 21 to 24% (By Principal Countries) andalusite. (In tonnes) South Africa Country 2010 2011 2012 Andalusite Resources (Pty.) Ltd mined Brazil andalusite at its Maroeloesfontein Mine (e)(b) Kyanite 200 200 200 in Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province. The mine life is revised and expected to be 60 years at France 70,000 tonnes per year production. (e) Andalusite 65000 65000 68000 Damrec SA (a subsidiary of Imerys) produced India* more than 70% of the andalusite production in Kyanite 5954 4064 1061 South Africa. Rhino Minerals (Pty.) Ltd operated Sillimanite 48784 58043 43867 three mines of Damrec's four South African Mines. Samrec (Pty.) Ltd operated the fourth mine in South Africa Mpumalanga region near Lydenburgh. e Andalusite 245000 295000 265000
USA Spain (a) e Kyanite 93000 98000 95000 Picobello Andalucita SL has prceeded with mine development at Picobello andalusite project Source: World Mineral Production, 2008-2012. which was non operational in past, started (a). Including related minerals. (b). Including beneficiated & directly shipped material. operations in 2011. The mine is 15 km from El Ferrol * India's production of kyanite during 2010-11, port northwest of Galacia. The mine life is expected 2011-12 and 2012-13 was 5,954 tonnes, 4,064 tonnes to be 15 years.The ore will be extracted to a depth and 1,066 tonnes, respectively, while that of sillimanite of 20 to 40 m at a rate of 65,000 tonnes per year of was 48,784 tonnes, 59,206 tonnes and 43,736 tonnes, respectively. which 50,000 tonnes per year would be refractory grade andalusite and remainder will be used for A steady increase in the world's steel metallurgical applications. industry and less availability of refractory grade bauxite increased the demand of andalusite.The FOREIGN TRADE main producers of andalusite China, Peru and South Africa expanded their operations and new Exports andalusite mine was under development in There were no exports of kyanite during Spain. 2012-13. Exports of sillimanite decreased slightly to 11,151 tonnes in 2012-13 from 11,829 tonnes in the previous year. Sillimanite was exported mainly Peru to China, Oman and Nepal. (Table - 15 ). In northern Peru, Andalusita S.A. (a subsidiary of Refractories Peruanos S.A.) Imports continued development and production from its In 2012-13, imports of kyanite were andalusite resources within unconsolidated sand 623 tonnes as against 260 tonnes in the previous and gravles of the Tablazo Mancora flood plain year. Imports of sillimanite were 74 tonnes in and evaluation of other unproven mineral 2012-13 as compared to 14 tonnes in the previous resources in northwestern Peru. Andalucita year. Imports of andalusite increased drastically increased its production capacity for andalusite to 13,767 tonnes in 2012-13 from 6,121 tonnes in from 15,000 to 25,000 tonnes per year. the previous year. USA was the main supplier of Resources at Guadalupito iron and mineral kyanite and Nepal that of sillimanite, while South sands project of Latin Resources Ltd have been Africa was the main supplier of andalusite in increased after estimation 40 m thick Los 2012-13 (Tables - 16 to 18).
30-11 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE
Table – 15 : Exports of Sillimanite (By Countries)
2011-12 2012-13 Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (L’000) (t) (L’000)
All Countries 11829 108615 11151 133322
China 8513 82224 8461 102138
Japan 336 6669 324 7856
Iran 174 5913 216 7244
Singapore 323 2587 391 4091
Nepal 30 249 427 2820
Thailand 70 1022 141 1967
Greece 75 1092 99 1686
Oman 552 1248 621 1518
Kuwait 84 1253 96 1334
Bangladesh 615 1176 34 1235
Other countries 1057 5182 341 1433
Table – 16 : Imports of Kyanite (By Countries)
2011-12 2012-13 Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (L’000) (t) (L’000)
All Countries 260 14765 623 20765
USA 151 6525 580 14543
Nepal 29 4759 18 4871
Japan -- 5 530
Malaysia -- 15 390
Czech republic -- 2 193
Austria -- 1 85
Belgium -- 1 81
UK 20 397 1 72
Other countries 60 3084 --
30-12 KYANITE, SILLIMANITE AND ANDALUSITE Table – 17 : Imports of Sillimanite (By Countries)
2011-12 2012-13 Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (L’000) (t) (L’000)
All Countries 14 2265 74 7401 Nepal 12 1256 42 4796 Bulgaria -- 9 1028 Japan 2 994 1 863 France -- 22 710 USA -- ++ 3 Other countries ++ 15 ++ 1
Table – 18 : Imports of Andalusite (By Countries)
2011-12 2012-13 Country Qty Value Qty Value (t) (L’000) (t) (L’000)
All Countries 6121 131788 13767 262633 South Africa 5654 118846 12142 226287 France 273 8027 965 20750 Kuwait -- 200 3591 Chinese Taipei/Taiwan -- 125 3490 Peru 74 1776 104 2391 China 72 1616 63 2026 Japan -- 54 1534 Indonesia -- 50 849 Germany -- 22 663 Russia -- 22 583 Other countries ----
FUTURE OUTLOOK GDP growth rate of 8%, 9% and 10%. The As per the Report of the Working Group production of sillimanite is likely to be for 12th Plan (2012-17), the current demand increased in coming years to meet the demand. of sillimanite is 32,000 tpy. Projected demand China will remain the leading market on for next five years is 35,000 to 40,000 tpy at global front.
30-13