Kyanite, Sillimanite & Andalusite
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CORDIERITE-GARNET GNEISS and ASSOCIATED MICRO- CLINE-RICH PEGMATITE at STURBRIDGE, I,{ASSA- CHUSETTS and UNION, CONNECTICUTI Fnor B.Cnrbn, [
THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL 47, IVLY AUGUST, 1962 CORDIERITE-GARNET GNEISS AND ASSOCIATED MICRO- CLINE-RICH PEGMATITE AT STURBRIDGE, I,{ASSA- CHUSETTS AND UNION, CONNECTICUTI Fnor B.cnrBn, [/. S. GeologicalSurttey, Washington,D. C. Aesrnacr Gneiss of argillaceous composition at Sturbridge, Massachusetts, and at Union, Connecticut, 10 miles to the south, consists of the assemblagebiotite-cordierite-garnet- magnetite-microcline-quartz-plagioclase-sillimanite. The conclusion is made that this assemblagedoes not violate the phase rule. The cordierite contains 32 mole per cent of Fe- end member, the biotite is aluminous and its ratio MgO: (MgOf I'eO) is 0.54, and the gar- net is alm6e5 pyr26.agro2.espe1.2.Lenses of microcline-quartz pegmatite are intimately as- sociated with the gneissl some are concordant, others cut acrossthe foliation and banding of the gneiss. The pegmatites also contain small amounts of biotite, cordierite, garnet, graphite, plagioclase, and sillimanite; each mineral is similar in optical properties to the corresponding one in the gneiss. It is suggestedthat muscovite was a former constituent of the gneiss at a lower grade of metamorphism, and that it decomposedwith increasing metamorphism, and reacted with quartz to form siliimanite in situ and at lerst part of the microcline of the gneiss and pegmatites These rocks are compared with similar rocks of Fennoscandia and Canada. INtnouucrroN Cordierite-garnet-sillimanitegneisses that contain microcline-quartz pegmatiteare found in Sturbridge,Massachusetts, and Union, Connecti- cut. The locality (Fig. 1) at Sturbridgeis on the south sideof the \{assa- chusettsTurnpike at the overpassof the New Boston Road; this is about 1 mile west of the interchangeof Route 15 with the Turnpike. -
Sodium Aluminium Silicate (Tentative)
SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE (TENTATIVE) th Prepared at the 80 JECFA and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 17 (2015), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 77th JECFA (2013) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 14 (2013). An ADI 'not specified' for silicon dioxide and certain silicates was established at the 29th JECFA (1985). A PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw for total aluminium was established at the 74th JECFA (2011). The PTWI applies to all aluminium compounds in food, including food additives. Information required: Functional uses other than anticaking agent, if any, and information on the types of products in which it is used and the use levels in these products Data on solubility using the procedure documented in the “Compendium of Food Additives Specifications, Vol. 4, Analytical methods” Data on the impurities soluble in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid, from a minimum of five batches. If a different extraction and determination method is used, provide data along with details of method and QC data. Suitability of the analytical method for the determination of aluminium, silicon and sodium using the proposed “Method of assay” along with data, from a minimum of five batches, using the proposed method. If a different method is used, provide data along with details of the method and QC data. SYNONYMS Sodium silicoaluminate; sodium aluminosilicate; aluminium sodium silicate; silicic acid, aluminium sodium salt; INS No. 554 DEFINITION Sodium aluminium silicate is a series of amorphous hydrated sodium aluminium silicates with varying proportions of Na2O, Al2O3 and SiO2. It is manufactured by, precipitation process, reacting aluminium sulphate and sodium silicate. -
Andalusite, 0.5 to 1 Meter ANDALUSITE Across, and This Grades Into a Zone of Andalusite Al2sio5 Crystals in the Slate (Snelgrove Et Al., 1944)
echelon pegmatites passes into a vein of fine- grained (10 to 30 mm) andalusite, 0.5 to 1 meter ANDALUSITE across, and this grades into a zone of andalusite Al2SiO5 crystals in the slate (Snelgrove et al., 1944). 2. Champion mine: As euhedral crystals to 5 cm One of three polymorphs of Al2SiO5 (the other two are kyanite and sillimanite), andalusite is partially altered to muscovite in quartz. On the primarily a constituent of medium-grade 36th level drift, 45 meters east of Number 7 shaft metamorphic rocks derived from shales. Also, it station: A body of massive andalusite in quartzite occurs very much less commonly as a constituent with chalcopyrite and muscovite, adjacent to a of a few rare pegmatites, some quartz veins, and large quartz vein localized along contact between aluminous hydrothermal replacement deposits. It Negaunee Iron Formation and Goodrich Quartzite is often strongly altered to muscovite. Northern (Babcock, 1966a, b). 3. Republic mine: With co- Peninsula. existing sillimanite in rocks adjacent to fayalitic Negaunee Iron Formation (olivine) (Haase and Klein, 1978). Also in a vein with beryl 300 paces east and 75 north of the western ¼ post of section 17, T46N, R29W. FROM: Robinson, G.W., 2004 Mineralogy of Michigan by E.W. Heinrich updated and revised: published by A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Houghton, MI, 252p. Figure 35: Andalusite crystals to 3 cm, coated with muscovite in quartz, from the Champion mine, Champion, Marquette County. A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum specimen No. DM 14850, Jeffrey Scovil photograph. Iron County: SW ¼ SE ¼ section 20, T42N, R3W, Lake Mary quadrangle: Found as 1 cm poikiloblasts in the Michigamme Slate with garnet, staurolite, sillimanite, and sericite (Bayley, 1959). -
Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral
Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Trebus, Marie Bitte, Benjamin Rondeau, Constantinos Mavrogonatos, Ian Graham, Marius Etienne, et al. To cite this version: Alexandre Tarantola, Panagiotis Voudouris, Aurélien Eglinger, Christophe Scheffer, Kimberly Tre- bus, et al.. Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece). Minerals, MDPI, 2019, 10.3390/min9040252. hal-02932247 HAL Id: hal-02932247 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02932247 Submitted on 7 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. minerals Article Metamorphic and Metasomatic Kyanite-Bearing Mineral Assemblages of Thassos Island (Rhodope, Greece) Alexandre Tarantola 1,* , Panagiotis Voudouris 2 , Aurélien Eglinger 1, Christophe Scheffer 1,3, Kimberly Trebus 1, Marie Bitte 1, Benjamin Rondeau 4 , Constantinos Mavrogonatos 2 , Ian Graham 5, Marius Etienne 1 and Chantal Peiffert -
Transition from Staurolite to Sillimanite Zone, Rangeley Quadrangle, Maine
CHARLES V. GUIDOTTI Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Transition from Staurolite to Sillimanite Zone, Rangeley Quadrangle, Maine ABSTRACT GENERAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING Ordovician and Silurian to Devonian pelitic schist, conglomerate, quartzite, calc-silicate Study of pelitic schists in the Rangeley Figure 1 shows the location of the area granulite, and biotite schist. Post-tectonic, area, Maine, by means of petrographic, and a generalized geologic map of the shallow-dipping, adamellite sheets intrude x-ray, and electron-microprobe techniques southwestern third of the Rangeley quad- the metamorphosed strata. As illustrated in enables definition of the isogradic reaction rangle based upon Moench (1966, 1969, Figure 1, the isograds have a clear spacial relating the staurolite and lower sillimanite 1970a, 1970b, 1971). The rocks in this area relation to the distribution of the adamel- zones. The reaction is a discontinuous one consist of tightly folded, northeast-trending lites; but in a few cases, the adamellite and can be shown on an AFM projection as the tie line change from staurolite + chlorite to sillimanite 4- biotite. This topology change, in conjunction with the min- eralogical data provides the equation: Staur + Mg-Chte + Na-Musc + (Gam?) Sill + Bio + K-richer Muse + Ab + Qtz + H20. This reaction should result in a sharp isograd in the field but in fact is found to be spread out over a zone which is called the transition zone. It is proposed that this zene results from buffering of fH20 by means of the equation above. Buffering of fH.,o by continuous reactions also appears to be taking place in the lower sillimanite zone. -
Geologic Map of the Southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northwestern Italy
•usGsscience for a changing world Geologic Map of the Southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northwestern Italy By James E. Quick,1 Silvano Sinigoi,2 Arthur W. Snoke,3 Thomas J. Kalakay,3 Adriano Mayer,2 and Gabriella Peressini2·4 Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series Map I- 2776 1U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192- 0002. 2Uni versita di Trieste, via Weiss 8, 341 27 Trieste, ltalia. 3Uni versity of Wyoming, Larami e, WY 8207 1- 3006. 4Max-Planck-lnstitut ft.ir Chemi e, J.J. Becherweg 27, 55 128 Mainz, Germany. 2003 U.S. Department of the Interi or U.S. Geological Survey COVER: View of the Ponte della Gula, an ancient bridge spanning the Torrente Mastellone approximately 2 kilometers north of the village of Varallo. Diorite of Valsesia crops out beneath the bridge. Photograph by ADstudia, Silvana Ferraris, photographer, Pizza Calderini, 3-13019 Varallo Sesia ([email protected]) INTRODUCTION REGIONAL SETTING The intrusion of mantle-derived magma into the deep conti The Ivrea-Verbano Zone (fig. 1) is a tectonically bounded sliver nental crust, a process commonly referred to as magmatic of plutonic and high-temperature, high-pressure metamorphic underplating, is thought to be important in shaping crustal com rocks in the southern Alps of northwestern Italy (Mehnert, position and structure. However, most evidence for this process 1975; Fountain, 1976). To the northwest, it is faulted against is indirect. High P-wave velocities and seismic-reflection profiles the basement of the Austro-Alpine Domain by the lnsubric Line, reveal that much of the deep continental crust is dense and a major suture zone that separates the European and Apulian strongly layered, consistent with the presence of layered mafic plates (Schmid and others, 1987; Nicolas and others, 1990). -
Control of Material Transport and Reaction Mechanisms by Metastable Mineral Assemblages: an Example Involving Kyanite, Sillimanite, Muscovite and Quartz
Fluid-Mineral Interactions: A Tribute to H. P. Eugster © The Geochemical Society, Special Publication No.2, 1990 Editors: R. J. Spencer and I-Ming Chou Control of material transport and reaction mechanisms by metastable mineral assemblages: An example involving kyanite, sillimanite, muscovite and quartz C. T. FOSTER,JR. Geology Department, University ofIowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. Abstract-Metastable mineral assemblages strongly influence reaction mechanisms and material transport when a new mineral grows in a metamorphic rock. The effects exerted by the metastable assemblages on the reactions that take place when sillimanite grows in a kyanite-bearing rock are examined using metastable elements of activity diagrams and irreversible thermodynamic principles. The results show that a commonly inferred reaction mechanism, where muscovite assists in the growth of sillimanite at the expense of kyanite, is a consequence of material transport constraints imposed by a metastable mineral assemblage in the matrix that separates growing sillimanite from dissolving kyanite. INTRODucnON pressures and temperatures represented by points I, II, and III (Fig. la) is shown in Fig. lb. ONEOFTHEPRIMARYcontrols on mineral textures Sillimanite nuclei first form in sites in the rock that develop during metamorphism is the distri- with the lowest activation energy for nucleation of bution of minerals in a rock at the time when a sillimanite. Under many metamorphic conditions, new mineral nucleates. The distribution of the new the low energy sites for sillimanite nucleation in mineral is strongly influenced by the abundance pelites appear to be in micas, because this is where and location of other minerals with favorable nu- sillimanite is commonly first observed with in- cleation sites for it. -
SYNTHESIS of SOME ALUMINIUM SILICATES* by R. M. CARR~ And
SYNTHESIS OF SOME ALUMINIUM SILICATES* By R. M. CARR~and J. B. DIXON~ Studies in the system A12034Si02 under hydrothermal conditions where three different starting materials (amorphous alumina-quartz, amorphous silica-kaolinite, quartz-kaolinite) were investigated in "pinched-tube" experiments1 were followed by a redetermination in sealed-tube experiments of the synthesis fields obtained from amorphous silica-kaolinite and quartz-kaolinite.2 A synthesis diagram for the starting material amorphous alumina-quartz has now been redetermined in sealed-tube experiments. Experimental The pressure equipment used is similar to that already described.2 Modifications to the equipment, in the form of stellite test-tube bombs each coupled to a Bourdon pressure gauge and controlled with an Ether transitrol temperature regulator, enabled more effective control to be attained in some of the experiments. Errors in temperature control were within &l% at all temperatures. Quartz and amorphous (chromatographic) alumina were mixed in the molecular proportions A1203,4SiOz and Aln03,6SiOz. Samples together with water were placed in silver capsules and sealed. Runs commenced with rapid heating periods (e.g. from room temperature to 400' in 20 min) and were terminated with air quenching. Products were examined with a Philips X-ray diffractometer using filtered Cu radiation. Results A comparison of synthesis field boundary temperatures for pinched-tube and sealed-tube experiments with the starting material amorphous alumina-quartz is given in Table 1. Minor amounts of boehmite were present in many low-temperature runs, indicating sluggish reaction between this phase and quartz. Two decomposition experiments provided confirmation of the synthesis boundaries. Synthetic corundum heated at 490' under a hydrostatic pressure of 30000 lb/inZ was partly altered to pyrophyllite, and kaolinite was obtained from synthetic pyrophyllite at 370". -
Compressibility and Crystal Structure of Andalusite at High Pressure
American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 513-519,l9A Compressibility and crystal structure of andalusiteat high pressure RussBrr L. Relpn Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Llnnv W. FIncEn, RoBEnr M. HezeN Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington, D. C. 20008 nxo SusRAre GnosB Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Abstract The unit-cell dimensions and crystal structure of andalusite Al2SiO5have been refined from X-ray data on single crystals mounted in a diamond anvil cell at pressuresof 12,25, and 37 kbar. Structure refinementswith anisotropic temperaturefactors yielded weighted R factors of 3.4, 4.9, and5.2%o respectively. The bulk modulusof andalusiteis 1.35t0.10 mbar and the axial compressionratios of orthorhombic unit-cell axes a:b:c are approxi- mately2.1:1.5:1.0. The relativelygreater compressibility of the A(IFOD bond resultsin a beingthe most compressibleaxis. Those bondsthat compress)3obetween I bar and 37 kbar at room temperature, are the bonds that also expand significantly between 25 and 1000"C at room pressure. Polyhedral bulk moduli for the Al(l) octahedron, the Al(2) trigonal bipyramid and the Si tetrahedronare 1.3t0.2, 1.6!0.5, and 4.1+1.5 mbar' respectively. Thus, the aluminum polyhedra are significantly more compressiblethan the silicon tetrahedron. The omega step-scanningtechnique of X-ray intensity data collection results in a significant improvement in accuracy and is recommended for structure determination with the diamond-anvil high-pressurecell. Introduction spectroscopicdata, the phonon spectra ofandalusite and High pressurestructure determination contain valuable their temperaturedependence have been determined and data on the equations of state, interatomic forces and interpreted on the basis of a rigid-ion model by Iishi et al. -
Equations of State and Structures of Andalusite to 9.8 Gpa and Sillimanite to 8.5 Gpa
American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 319–326, 2006 Equations of state and structures of andalusite to 9.8 GPa and sillimanite to 8.5 GPa JASON B. BURT,1,* NANCY L. ROSS,1 ROSS J. ANGEL,1 AND MARIO KOCH1,† 1Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The equations of state and structures of andalusite and sillimanite have been determined using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation-of-state Þ t to 14 P-V data points measured between 1 bar and 9.8 GPa for andalusite yields values of KT0 = 144.2(7) GPa and K' = 6.8(2). A similar analysis for sillimanite involving a Þ t to 13 P-V data points between 1 bar and 8.5 GPa results in KT0 = 164(1) GPa and K' = 5.0(3). The axial compression of both structures is nonlinear and highly anisotropic (~60%) with the c-axis being the least compressible axis in both structures. The axial moduli determined with a parameterized form of the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state are: Ka0 = 163(1) GPa, Kb0 = 113.1(7) GPa, and Kc0 = 297(1) GPa with Ka'0 = 2.1(3), Kb' 0 = 5.08(19), and Kc'0 = 11.1(4) for sillimanite, and Ka0 = 99.6(7) GPa, Kb0 = 152.2(9) GPa, and Kc0 = 236(3) GPa with Ka'0 = 5.83(19), Kb' 0 = 7.6(3), and Kc'0 = 5.5(9) for andalusite. The major compression mechanism in both structures involves shortening of bond lengths within the AlO6 octahedra with volume reductions of 7.4% and 5.1% in sillimanite and andalusite, respectively, over the pressure ranges studied. -
Application of Mineral and Allumino Silicates in Te Electronic and Telephone Industries in India
ACTA SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X) Volume 2 Issue 11 November 2018 Conceptual Paper Application of Mineral and Allumino Silicates in Te Electronic and Telephone Industries in India Arun K Shandilya* Department of Applied Geology, DR. H. S. G. University, India *Corresponding Author: Arun K Shandilya, Department of Applied Geology, DR. H. S. G. University, India. Received: September 20, 2018; Published: October 30, 2018 The studies on the varieties of glasses have been carried out to The composition of the glass is determined by the geochemi- under stand the strength of various type of the glasses are avail- cal analyses. The general composition of the glasses- frequently able in our country. expressed as the basis of SiO2 content, can be estimated from the glass index of refraction. The naturally occurring glass do not have a high hardness and good quality, generally it breaks, when the variety of compression - rence on mineral and rocks are known. force/tensile force, or couple shear forces are active on these glass- Dispersion or specific gravity, particularly if its mode of occur es. The verities of glasses are available as per the utility of glasses, The chemical composition of some important silicate minerals the manufacturer have as per their own requirement with differ- are as follows: ent composition. 1. Anorthite- Ca AlSi3O8 The varieties of glasses can be manufactured with a variety of 2. Andesine - Ca AlSi3O8 combination in the mineralogical composition, give good the qual- 3. Labradorite- Ca NaAlSi3O8 ity glass. There are two type of the glasses are- (1) Natural glass 4. Bytownite - Ca NaAlSi3O8 5. -
Petrology of Biotite-Cordierite-Garnet Gneiss of the Mccullough Range, Nevada I. Evidence for Proterozoic Low-Pressure Fluid-Abs
0022-3530/89 $3.00 Petrology of Biotite-Cordierite-Garnet Gneiss of the McCullough Range, Nevada I. Evidence for Proterozoic Low-Pressure Fluid-Absent Granulite- Grade Metamorphism in the Southern Cordillera by EDWARD D. YOUNG, J. LAWFORD ANDERSON, H. STEVE CLARKE AND WARREN M. THOMAS* Department of Geological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0740 (Received 10 February 1987; revised typescripts accepted 29 July 1988) ABSTRACT Proterozoic migmatitic paragneisses exposed in the McCullough Range, southern Nevada, consist of cordierite + almanditic garnet + biotite + sillimanite + plagioclase + K-feldspar-(-quartz + ilmenite + hercynite. This assemblage is indicative of a low-pressure facies series at hornblende-granulite grade. Textures record a single metamorphic event involving crystallization of cordierite at the expense of biotite and sillimanite. Thermobarometry utilizing cation exchange between garnet, biotite, cordierite, hercynite, and plagioclase yields a preferred temperature range of 590-750 °C and a pressure range of 3—4 kb. Equilibrium among biotite, sillimanite, quartz, garnet, and K-feldspar records aHlO between 0-03 and 0-26. The low aH]O together with low fOl (<QFM) and optical properties of cordierite indicate metamorphism under fluid-absent conditions. Preserved mineral compositions are not consistent with equilibrium with a melt phase. Earlier limited partial melting was apparently extensive enough to cause desiccation of the pelitic assemblage. The relatively low pressures attending high-grade metamorphism of the McCullough Range paragneisses allies this terrane with biotite-cordierite-garnet granulites in other orogenic belts. Closure pressures and temperatures require a transient apparent thermal gradient of at least 50°C/km during part of this Proterozoic event in the southern Cordillera.