邮发代号2-903 CN11-1429/Z 国内零售价： Canada $7.80 Australia $9.10 USA $5.10 Vol. 852 June 2019 10 Turkey TL.10.00 Europe €5.20 UK 元 ₤ 3.20 3.20 Conference Call Call Conference of Civilizationsof 06 Leads Nowhere Protectionism Sharing Nature’s Bounty 2019: Expo Beijing 34-39 68-75 China’s Wildlife Documenting 可栽 绕已 种 地塞 达 树木寒来 球 罕沙 赤 坝按半个多世纪， 暑 地 道 机 往， 变林海，荒牢记使命 械 林 三 场 原成 代人 的森林覆盖率 绿洲。 耕耘 。 80%

，

1 米株 距 排开， 艰苦创业 12 圈 。

绿色发展

Saihanba is a cold alpine area in northern Hebei Province bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was once a barren land but is now home to 75,000 hectares of forest, thanks to the labor of generations of forestry workers in the past 55 years. Every year the forest purifies 137 million cubic meters of water and absorbs 747,000 tons of carbon dioxide. The forest produces 12 billion yuan (around US$1.8 bil- lion) of ecological value annually, according to the Chinese Academy of Forestry. Jun. 2O19

Administrative Agency: China International Publishing Group 主管：中国外文出版发行事业局 （中国国际出版集团） Publisher: China Pictorial Publications 主办: 社 Address: 33 Chegongzhuang Xilu 社址: 22 Haidian, Beijing 100048 北京市海淀区车公庄西路33号 邮编: 100048 Email: [email protected] : [email protected] 邮箱 President: Yu Tao 社长: 于 涛 Editorial Board: Yu Tao, Li Xia, He Peng 编委会: Bao Linfu, Yu Jia, Yan Ying 于 涛、李 霞、贺 鹏 鲍林富、于 佳、闫 颖

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Subscription and distribution agency in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan: 27 More Than Words 34 Beijing Expo 2019: Sharing Nature’s Bounty 60 1980 to 1989: Fast Changes Hong Kong Peace Book Company, Ltd. —Language Exchange as the Foundation for Blossoming Communication 17/F., Paramount Building, 12 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong 40 Dialogue among Civilizations — Exclusive Interview with Yan Wei, Chief Landscape Architect of the Culture Visit China Pictorial on the Internet: International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing www.china-pictorial.com.cn 29 Developing a Common Consciousness 68 Documenting China’s Wildlife 30 Asia’s Cup of Tea 44 Continuous Life in a Beautiful World 76 China: Offering Something for Everyone 48 Unseen Shades of Green Follow us on: —Incredible Rare Chinese Plants EXPRESS | NEWS JUN · 2O19

Milestone 1,000-day Countdown Agreements on May 10, Beijing: Honorable guests light up a board or the 1,000-day count- Civil Aviation down to the Beijing 2022 lympic Winter May 20, Brussels, Belgium: Games in Beijing lympic Park. epresentaties rom China and the In addition to the installation o the uropean nion () shake hands oicial 1,000-day countdown timer, the ater signing two milestone agreements Beijing rganizing Committee or the on ciil aiation cooperation. 2022 lympic and Paralympic Winter Hailing the two aiation agree- Games also announced seeral import- ments as a irst big step, uropean ant updates including the launch o a new Commission President ean-Claude nationwide Winter lympics documen- uncker said: In an increasingly unset- tary channel deeloped in partnership tled world, uropes partnership with Beijing TV as well as the highly-an- with China is more important than ticipated lympic Volunteer Program. eer beore. nder the agreement VCG by Pang Xinglei/Xinhua on certain aspects o air serices, all airlines can ly to China rom any member state with a bilateral air Xi Meets with Nigerien President serices agreement with China. Museum Night in Suzhou May 28, Beijing: Chinese President Xi inping and his wie Peng May 18, Suzhou, iangsu Proince: People Liyuan pose or photos with igerien President Mahamadou Issouou participate in a night eent at Suzhou Museum and his wie. on the International Museum ay. To mark uring talks with the igerien president, Xi said China and iger the day, many museums across China launched should enhance Belt and oad cooperation and implement major special actiities around the theme Museums projects in areas such as inrastructure, energy and agriculture. s as Cultural Hubs: The Future o Tradition. long as all countries ollow a deelopment path suited to their own The new Suzhou Museum is a masterpiece national conditions, cooperate in jointly building the Belt and oad, designed by world-renowned architect Ieoh and moe toward the goal o building a community with a shared Ming Pei or his hometown, paying homage to uture or humanity, we will surely achiee success, Xi said. the essence o Suzhou culture and the tradi- The igerien president stated that iger supports the goal o tional Chinese garden while innoating upon building a community with a shared uture or humanity, adding that VCG them in the 21st century. iger would like to proactiely participate in the joint construction o the Belt and oad. Xinhua/European Union

Asian Values for the World First Passenger Plane Test Flight May 15, Beijing: Indian ilm actor and director amir Khan attends the Forum on Global Inluence o sian Ciilizations. May 13, Beijing: passenger plane operated by China Southern nder the theme sian Values or the World, the orum inited irlines berths at Beijing axing International irport. goernment oicials, scholars, experts, media proessionals and artists Beijing axing International irport completed its irst test light rom sia, urope and the mericas to speak on the growing inlu- o passenger planes as our aircrat landed saely on its runway. China ence o the sian continent. They explored the rich connotation and Southern irlines, China astern irlines, ir China and Xiamen contemporary alues o sian ciilizations and discussed new missions irlines sent their lagship models 380, 350-900, B747-8 and o sian ciilizations in the era o globalization. B787-9, respectiely, or the test. t the orum, amir Khan noted that sian moies bring global The test shows that the new airport has now changed its ocus rom audiences closer to sian cultures and that they should ocus more on inrastructure construction to preparations or operation, remarked Wan which story should be shared with the world. He also expressed hope

Xiangdong, chie pilot o the Ciil iation dministration o China. by Wan Quan that sian alues would exert a positie inluence on the world. by Guo Shasha

04 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 05 EXPRESS | COMMENT BUZZWORDS JUN · 2O19

Protectionism Leads Nowhere Maritime Community Text by Huo Jianguo with a Shared Future Edited by Li Zhuoxi The U.S. government’s decision to impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods will definitely put itself in a mass of contradictions. Chinese President Xi Jinping, also chair- man of China’s Central Military Commission, proposed building a maritime community with a shared future in a meeting with heads of foreign delegations participating in the multinational naval events to mark the 70th he .S. goernment hiked will deinitely incur denunciation anniversary of the founding of the Chinese taris on S$200 billion and opposition rom major trading People’s Liberation Army Navy. worth o Chinese goods nations in the world. Gien that He noted that the oceans are of great significance for the survival and advancement exported to the .S. rom the protectionist policy o the .S. of societies because they sustain life, connect 10 to 25 percent on May 10, is against the trends o the times, the world and facilitate development. The T blue planet that humans inhabit is not divided 2019. Starting in March 2018, the it will deinitely not succeed. By China-.S. trade riction has lasted doing so, the .S. cannot gain into islands by the oceans but connected by the seas as a community with a shared future. or more than a year. any economic beneits, and will Peace and tranquility on the high seas are cru- series o trade wars launched urthermore all into a passie, cial for the security and interests of countries A giant whale shark below a yacht. Oceans are significant for the survival and by the .S. worldwide has not only isolated position in the interna- around the world and require joint efforts to development of mankind. As an important part of global governance, marine governance negatiely impacted and sabotaged tional community. maintain, he added. has become a major issue facing the international community. VCG global economic recoery, but also Second, the .S. protection- May 7, 2019: Chinese-made jackets are displayed for sale at a Manhattan department challenged and threatened the ist policy will only harm others store. VCG existing rule-based multilateral without getting anything good trade system. The .S. oerbearing or itsel. Let alone the disastrous behaiors hae raised opposition atermath o its protectionist policy and criticism rom major countries adopted in 1930, the .S. moe to rise in consumer goods prices in around the world. impose additional taris on steel the .S., the Federal esere will How the .S. protection- and aluminum imports last year be orced to raise interest rates, ist policy will deelop has drawn directly resulted in a sharp hike in causing urther appreciation o the global attention. First, its policy steel prices in the country, which .S. dollar. s a result, the .S. will goes against the tide o history. undoubtedly raised its domes- see a sharp increase in current-ac- Global market openness and tic production costs and consumer count deicits, thus seerely slowing Internet Information trade liberalization are the general goods prices. In addition, as its economic recoery. Storage Base trends o the world, as well as the inoled countries take counter- Thereore, the .S. goern- Edited by Li Zhuoxi goals that multilateral organiza- measures, the .S. exports will ace ments decision to impose tions hae long adocated and a more diicult situation. additional taris on Chinese goods Recently, over 210 million pieces of news stried to achiee. The principle o Finally, with the implementa- will deinitely put itsel in a mass published by the Chinese news website Sina.com.cn and 200 billion public posts from air competition is an idea widely tion o Chinas countermeasures o contradictions. I the Trump Weibo were set to be included by the Na- accepted and pursued by arious against agricultural products rom administration still sticks to the tional Library of China into its internet infor- countries. From the perspec- the .S., states most dependent conentional idea o using tari mation storage base, a non-profit project to tie o the history o international on agriculture will ace diicul- hikes as bargaining chips in negoti- store data from the internet. In fact, documenting information from the trade ater World War II, the .S. ties. s the trade wars started by ations, the problem acing the .S. internet has become an increasingly com- goernments current practice the .S. impeded goods o other will not be how to raise the stakes, mon practice for the modern digital world to is obiously against the basic countries rom lowing into the but how to end up in this mess. record culture and knowledge. This project principles o ree trade, indicat- .S., its exports will also be inlu- plans to build a Chinese internet information collecting and storage system, which eyes ing President onald Trumps enced. Moreoer, the burden o information security and social information personal style and his administra- higher taris will all on buyers o sharing for the long term as well as storing Information on the internet has become a new carrier of human civilization and the memories of human society. It reflects changes in politics, economics, culture and the country’s memories in the age of the tions adenturist actions that go imported products and, ultimately, The author is vice chairman of the China society over a certain period. Because it is so easily destroyed and impossible to restore, against the general trends, which merican consumers. With the Society for World Trade Organization Studies. internet as digital heritage. collecting and storing information from the internet has become imperative. VCG

06 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 07 FEATURES JUN · 2O19

October 6, 2018: In Guifeng Village of Youxi County, China’s Fujian Province, each household has various harvests such as maize and chillies drying in the autumn sun. Xinhua

March 23, 2019: Women dry chillies in Bogura, Bangladesh. Xinhua

Stirring the Melting Pot Text by Mithila Phadke

The Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations not only celebrated the cultural diversity of Asian countries but also brought together the common threads between them.

08 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 09 FEATURES JUN · 2O19

Xi inping in his keynote speech during the opening ceremony o CC. We should not only make our own ciilization ull o igor and itality but also create conditions or the deelopment o other ciilizations so that all the worlds ciilizations will lourish. ttended by representaties o 47 countries, CC brought together oreign leaders and experts in ields ranging rom international aairs to isual arts. elegates rom the ield o entertainment rom countries like Cambodia and India isited, including the Bollywood star amir Khan, called Mishu, or ncle amir, by his Chinese ans. It was a irst-o- February 19, 2019: People practice yoga on the observation deck of the its-kind platorm that prioritized sian issues Metropolitan Building in Bangkok, Thailand. Xinhua and areas o interest, not only through panel discussions on cultural preseration, goer- nance, tourism, and society but also through a cultural carnial that eatured perormances by isiting groups o artistes, the culinary May 16, 2019: As part of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, artists from Kazakhstan perform during a parade. Xinhua estial, and an exhibition eaturing oer 400 cultural relics that opened at the ational Museum o China, ahead o CC. It aimed at ostering exchange among local communities, especially the youth, and building a network n Indian che detly kneaded a giant Korean tteokbokki and barbecue sizzled at o cooperation among think tanks, cultural bowl o dough in ront o a crowd another stall. People dug into gimbap with outits, and organizations working or regional o curious onlookers. ccasionally gustobite-sized pieces o ish and rice deelopment. he dabbed oil onto the palm o his wrapped in dried sheets o nori seaweed I eel that an eent like this is a kind o Ahand, smacking at the dough to whip it into a that had much in common with sushi at the answer to what is going on in the world right perectly smooth ball and then rolling it out apanese stall. There was an array o Malaysian now, said Poonam Surie, an Indian author January 14, 2019: Women dressed in kimonos go to take part in a again into a circle at least a oot and a hal ood, an assortment o Thai delicacies, and and expert on China studies. urope is going coming-of-age ceremony. Xinhua across. Then came the piece de resistance rows o Chinese stalls selling eerything rom through a kind o lux, and the nited States detly, he tossed the entire roti into the air, dumplings to luzhu huoshao, a rich simmering is going through its own troubles. sia, on letting it bounce and twirl mid-light, on the stew o pork lier, pork lung, and touone the other hand, is emerging as the uture. The tips o his ingers. round him, at least a o old Beijings most well-known traditional power has shited rom the West to the ast. sian ciilizations hae shown that they dozen Chinese people watched aidly, captur- street snacks. But or the sian Century (as analysts belong to the most enduring, stable and resil- ing the perormance on their phone cameras. This gathering o sias best and tasti- hae dubbed it) to unold, sian countries ient ciilizations. They host the oldest, most The che was making something they knew est culinary oerings was courtesy o the would need to prioritize strengthening their continuous, culturally reined languages with as yindu eibing (Indian lying pancake). sia Cuisine Festial, organized as part bonds through cultural exchange, giing the largest groups o natie speakers, said Stued with illings ranging rom egg to o the Conerence on ialogue o sian it the importance accorded to political and aid Bartosch, a proessor at Beijing Foreign pineapple and banana, this dish was a glorious Ciilizations (CC), which Beijing hosted economic relationships, noted Surie, whose Studies niersity, in a column or a news hybrid rom at least three countriesIndia, in May. nd more so than any panel discus- book China: Search or its Soul ocused on outlet ahead o the eent. s sian commu- Singapore, and Malaysia. The roti or naan sion or speech could hae perhaps, it was this the ancient links between China and India, nities deote a great deal o attention to the came rom India, while the concept belonged sight, highlighting the many common links and the eolution o Chinese society oer the basic human existence, like amily and the to the other twonowhere in India would you and oerlaps between the countries ood that years. cultural connection is what helps cultiation o interpersonal relationships, they be able to ind the Indian lying pancake. perectly captured the spirit o the eent people rom dierent countries understand are best euipped with global euilibrium. But this India-inluenced latbread dish was celebrating the melting pot o sias rich each other better and to a deeper degree. It This iew was echoed by Srikanth popular in seeral countries across Southeast cultures and communities. brings them closer. Kondapalli, chairman o the Centre or ast sia. nd it was being rustled up by an Indian ery ciilization is the crystalliza- The oerarching theme o CC was that sian Studies in awaharlal ehru niersity che, or a group o Chinese customers. tion o beauty and eery ciilization is the o celebrating diersity across sian countries, in ew elhi. Kondapalli, who gae a speech ew yards away rom yindu eibing, iery beauty o creation, said Chinese President as well as common ties that linked them. on sian goernance at a panel discussion

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October 31, 2014: Girls prior to their performance at Pushkar Camel Festival in India. Xinhua

12 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 13 FEATURES JUN · 2O19

February 5, 2019: Visitors in traditional Korean costumes walk around a Korean folk village in Yongin, South Korea. Xinhua

wealthy, said tsushi. o tourism, cinema, and cultural exchange Lye Liang Fook, a senior ellow with programs or students in building lasting January 9, 2019: A fisherman and his “moon boat,” a typical fishing boat in Cox Bazar, Bangladesh. Xinhua Singapores Institute o Southeast sian bonds between countries. Cultural exchange Studies, was part o a session with the theme doesnt mean that once a year you organize o sian Solutions to Beneit the People. some estials in the other country, and Fook emphasized an open and inclusie leae it at that, said Sreemati Chakrabarti, during the conerence, emphasized the role o approach, with the solutions to challenges ice chairperson o the Institute o Chinese China and Indiaamong the worlds oldest and issues also potentially originating rom Studies in ew elhi. The process o and richest ciilizationsin building a strong countries outside o sia. I we are ocused orging strong cultural bonds goes urther relationship. o culture should eel superior, on the outcomes, i.e. how we can best address and deeper than that. She emphasized on the as we are all in the globalization process. the needs o our respectie populations, which need to ensure there were actie and contin- Theres the scope o learning rom each other, are becoming increasingly more diicult in uous eorts or cultural and ciilizational said Kondapalli, adding that the relationship the age o rapid technological adances and exchange, through exchange programs, book between India and China set an example o rising anti-globalization sentiments, we can be translations, research isits, and eents that how dierent ciilizations should coexist and open to solutions or ways whereer they may celebrated the countries artistic heritage. communicate in riendship and peace. come rom, said Fook. photo exhibition organized on the akajima tsushi, chairman o apans How can we organize our commonal- sidelines o CC highlighted the diersity o esearch Institute o conomy, Trade and ity to optimize the alue created by diersity sian ciilizations through the eyes o youths. Industry, belieed that the solutions to beneit First, we must respect each other, and then we Through snapshots o their countries, partic- the people were rooted in sian peoples can get to know each other, said le ring, ipants like Kazakh student Sabur Sanzhar alues and they need to incorporate the a proessor o Sinology at Freie niersitt and Bhutanese student Sangay Tenzin also eorts rom amily, company and goern- Berlin. I we get to know each other, we will communicated stories o their homes. ment as well. start to understand what eeryone needs and There is a lot that we still hae to discoer ast sian society highly alues amily how we can collaborate. nd then eerything and learn about the richness and depth o sian as a undamental social unit. Furthermore, else will all into place. CC has proided ciilizations around us, said Surie, adding that research shows the positie eects o social a chance to start with the basics: conersa- no matter whether it was big or small, eery relationships o amily on economic deelop- tion. We should embrace this spirit and work nation in sia had something it could teach the ment. This sian social attitude o coexistence with China and other ciilizations as well as others. We hae similar concerns, issues that and cooperation between amilies and the countries and cultures across urasia. This is we want to work on, but we are also alike in our goernment can acilitate the economy to precisely what we need. strengths. nd now the time has come or the April 25, 2017: A craftswoman makes decorative porcelain in Kutahya, Turkey. grow and society to become sustainable and Xinhua lso on the CC agenda was the role rest o the world to see it.

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he ast land o sia pieces by 120 artists rom 41 sian is home to 4.5 billion countries (ussia included). people descended rom The exhibition is diided into ancient ciilizations three parts: xpression o the Twhich nurtured dierse cultures ast showcases the poetic beauty and colorul arts. n May 10, o sian arts, Beauty o China 2019, Shared Inspiration exhibits works depicting Chinas sian rt xhibition opened cultural and natural landscapes by at the ational rt Museum o artists rom other sian nations, and China (MC) as part o the Charm o sia displays creations Conerence on ialogue o sian by Chinse artists portraying other Ciilizations, displaying 130 sian countries.

Shared Inspiration May 10, 2019: As a part of the Con- Text by Yi Mei Photographs courtesy of National Art Museum of China unless otherwise credited ference on Dialogue of Asian Civili- zations, “Shared Inspiration—Asian Art Exhibition” opens at the National “Today, Asian artists no longer doubt our common cultural identity as we stand together against common Art Museum of China. Art works from different Asian countries display the social problems. Only by maintaining diversity throughout the process of integration and innovation will mutual learning and blending of vari- we find the best solutions.” ous cultures on the continent. Xinhua

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Expression of the East Contrasting with uropean ciilizations inluenced largely by ancient Greece and ome, sian ciilizations, inoling dierse religions and races, can hardly be represented in a uniied tone. So, some exhibitions related to sia can hardly escape curating models rom a Western perspectie which tend to use installations, peror- mance arts and ideos to highlight race, indentity and gender issues. But despite the philosophi- cal dierences o many great thinkers hailing rom sia such as Shakyamuni, Lao Tzu and Conucius, they all promoted the same thing: eeling and caring or the world with heart. Their instincts to seek truth and wisdom rom lie nurtured the ree spirit o sian culture. The section xpression o the ast looks to capture the poetic beauty o sian art. Works by Chinese artists in this section ocus on the lotus, which sounds Peace for Ten Thou- similar to peace in Chinese and sand Years by Qi Baishi thus the lower gains connotations (China), ink and color on o peace and harmony. These works paper, 69×33.5cm, 1952. coney the peace-loing spirit and inclusieness o Chinese culture through images o the lowers elegant posture and pure colors. In addition to works rom eight Chinese artists, this section includes 67 paitings and sculptures by artists rom 39 countries. Those creations all display the beauty o astern expression in terms o both method and concept. This exhibtion clearly presents a dierent curating method, remarks iu Kecheng, director o the Institute o Fine rts under the Chinese ational cademy o rts. The highlight o the exhibi- tion is its irm grasp o the most essential and leading cultural ethos o sia. This is why it is so aluable. Red Lotus by Wu Guanzhong (China), oil on canvas, 66×91cm, 1997. Deer by Bayart-Od Byambarinchin (Mongolia), oil on canvas, 120×120cm, 2018.

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East-West by Tikhonova Marina and Tikhonova Nikolay (Israel), fiber reinforced plastics, 80×210×44cm, 2012. by Wang Yuncong

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Impressions of Shanxi by Zargar Zahoor (India), acrylic on canvas, 80×100cm, 2014. The Great Wall by Masood A. Khan (Pakistan), water color on paper, 75×110cm, 2013.

Chinese Beauty sian artists employ Western artis- conceptual system starkly dier- which is ully illuminated by the countries. This implies that, cultural wonder in a desert which Walking through the exhibition tic languages such as oil painting, ent rom uropean art which exhibitions second and third parts. regardless o the target o expres- is oten depicted with more modest hall, isitors will ind that except watercolor and print, their works ocuses on reproductionputting For example, the section Beauty sion, the core culture o the artist colors by Chinese painters. or Chinas ink-and-wash paintings still are imprinted with sian the subjectie and the objectie on o China includes 24 works remains eectie. Chinese spectators hae seldom and Vietnams lacuer paintings, characteristics rooted in Chinas opposite sides. ust because o this by 20 artists rom 13 countries The Great Wall by Pakistani had the chance to see works like eery piece is an oil painting, water- human-nature integration philos- dierence, we ind that when sian including Bahrain, Bangladesh, artist Masood . Khan created these, remarks Wu Weishan, direc- color, sculpture or print. lthough ophy proposed by Lao Tzu and artists process images, they are all India, ordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, a ersion o the Great Wall in an tor o MC. For example, uropean plastic arts hae greatly Conucius, Indias Buddhism and conscious o lines and inspiration the Maldies, man, Pakistan, abstract and layered space, making Khan painted the Great Wall inluenced sian artists, works mysticism and Islamic ciiliza- o strokes, Shang adds. So lines Palestine, Sri Lanka, the nited it amiliar but also strange or the rom a ery dierent aesthetic eaturing uropean realistic style tion, explains Shang Hui, chie and strokes are common ocuses rab mirates and Yemen. When Chinese audience, while Palestinian perspectie rom ours. This is the and reproducing shape are hardly editor o rt magazine. He beliees or sian artists. these artists make expressions artist Majed Shala employed bold aim o this exhibition: to display ound at this exhibition. the sian isual system deeloped surey o works by sian about China, they still embrace the and bright colors to paint the the creatie beauty o dierent espite the act that some by sian ciilizations is a kind o artists reeals a change in creation, artistic traits o their respectie amous unhuang Grottoes, a ciilizations.

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Asian Charm enowned Chinese sociol- ogist Fei Xiaotong proposed a 16-Chinese-character proerb to describe the relations between dierent ciilizations, which is liter- ally translated to mean that people should appreciate the beauty o the culture they created while inclusiely admiring the beauty o cultures created by others, and this will contribute to the lourishing o all cultures and an ideal world o great harmony. This exhibition intends to encapsulate the proerb. Prior to the 19th century, ew Chinese artists entured oerseas, leading to ew works depict- ing oreign cultural or natural landscapes. Between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, many Chinese artists traeled to orth merica, apan and urope to study art, result- Trace of Time: Angkor Wat by Lu Yushun (China), ink and color on paper, 30.5×45cm, 2004. ing in many works eaturing landscapes o apan, urope and orth merica. In the 1930s and 1940s, especially during the Chinese Peoples War o esistance against apanese ggression, many Chinese artists escaped to Southeast sian countries and completed works while taking reuge in the region. Since 1949, when the Peoples epublic o China was ounded, especially ater the beginning o Chinas reorm and opening up in the late 1970s, Chinese artists hae ound more and more chances to go abroad to conduct cultural exchange and studies, creating many masterpieces depicting exotic lands along the way. Durbar Square in the Afternoon: A Lonely Lion by Yan Ping (China), oil on canvas, 50×60cm, 2011. The Charm o sia section eatures 31 works by 31 Chinese artists depicting local customs and with strong characteristics o the doubt our common cultural identity seeking out dialogue. sian artists natural beauty o countries such as times. But they share the same as we stand together against hae oten looked to ew York and Cambodia, the emocratic Peoples appreciatie and non-discrimina- common social problems, states London, but actually we should pay epublic o Korea, the Maldies, tory perspecties with respect and iu. nly by maintaining diersity more attention to our neighbors Pakistan and South Korea. The admiration or arious cultures, throughout the process o integra- when seeking exchange and mutual dates o these works span about a languages and philosophies. tion and innoation will we ind the learning, because we are all part o View of Vietnam by Niu Wen (China), printmaking, 19.8×27.5cm, 1958. century, and some are embedded Today, sian artists no longer best solutions. nd the irst step is the same sia.

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year marks the 70th anniersary o a community o shared uture the end o the World nti-Fascist between China and India is an War, the ictory o the Chinese integral part o the sian commu- Sharing Asia Peoples War o esistance against nity with a shared uture. The More Than Words Text by Yu Longyu apanese ggression and the ound- similar hardships the two countries We need to maintain a good tradition of cultural exchange ing o the nited ations. This endured historically hae linked —Language Exchange as the and create a new platform for civilizations in Asia and beyond year is also the 60th anniersary them together into a community to engage in dialogue and exchange on an equal footing to o the Bandung Conerence and sharing misortune and bliss. This Foundation for Dialogue among facilitate mutual learning. will witness the completion o the relects an ineitable progressie S Community. s such, it is trend in human history. Building Civilizations an important year to be commem- a China-India community with a orated as well as a historic juncture shared uture will not only beneit Text by Li Lu sia is an important cradle struggle against imperialism to relect on the past and look to their combined population o o world ciilization. and colonialism. The Bandung the uture. 2.7 billion but also sere as a role Language exchange and heart-to-heart communication consolidate Chinese ciilization, Indian Conerence in 1955 was an import- In mid-May 2019, the Conerence model or the construction o an the cultural foundation to drive in-depth dialogue, interaction and ciilization, Babylonian ant milestone. It witnessed the on ialogue o sian Ciilizations sian community with a shared mutual learning among various global civilizations. Aciilization and many other ancient introduction o the Fie Principles (CC) was held in Beijing and uture and a community with a ciilizations all originated and o Peaceul Coexistence, which are watched by the world. t its opening shared uture or humanity. bloomed on the continent. Prior still ibrant today. ceremony, President Xi presented a In May 1955 ater return- to modern times, astern ciili- In 2015 as sia was enjoying our-point proposal to build an open ing to China rom the Bandung zation was the mainstream o the a rapid economic deelopment, and better-connected sia eatur- Conerence, Chinese Premier n May 15, 2019, the is imbedded in its language. More world. With the inasion o Western the annual conerence o the ing peace, stability and common hou nlai met isiting renowned Conerence on ialogue than just a tool or communica- colonists, most parts o sia became Boao Forum or sia was held prosperity: First, we need to respect Indian writer and scholar Proessor o sian Ciilizations tion, language coneys the alues, colonies or semi-colonies, and under the theme o sias ew each other and treat each other as aghu Vira, whom Premier hou opened in Beijing. Chinese belies and identities o arious astern ciilization became depen- Future: Towards a Community euals Second, we need to uphold called the Xuanzang o India. OPresident Xi inping deliered ciilizations. Considering the unda- dent on Western ciilization. o Common estiny. In his the beauty o each ciilization and Proessor Vira presented two a keynote speech at its opening mental role o language in human The modernization o sian speech at the conerence, Chinese the diersity o ciilizations in the works o Chinese painter and ceremony in which he illustrated interaction, language exchange and ciilizations started with the President Xi inping said: This world Third, we need to stay open cartoonist Feng ikai that he Chinas resolute stance on promot- heart-to-heart communication are and inclusie and draw on each translated as gits to Premier hou ing eual dialogue, communication, crucial tools to deepen interaction others strengths Fourth, we need to and recited the poems about peace mutual learning and mutual enlight- and mutual learning among arious adance with the times and explore that he composed. Premier hou enment among arious ciilizations ciilizations. new ground in deelopment. expressed hope that China and in sia and the world. Xi stressed Simply as a tool or communica- President Xis speech at the India would reuently carry out that ciilizations only ary rom tion, language is the oundation or opening ceremony o CC drew art and literary exchange. each other, just as human beings are dialogue between arious ciiliza- a blueprint or building an sian n old Chinese proerb goes, dierent only in terms o skin color tions and exchange between dierent community with a shared uture. learn the new while reiewing and the language usedwhich is to cultures. Chinese is one o the ust as he said, CC created a new the old. By analyzing the keynote say that no ciilization is superior oldest languages in the world, and it platorm or ciilizations in sia speech made by President Xi at to another. nly deep understand- continues to be used by the largest and beyond to engage in dialogue the CC opening ceremony and ing o the dierences between ones population today. International and exchange on an eual ooting to reiewing the riendship between own ciilization and others will uel dissemination o Chinese language acilitate mutual learning. The new Premier hou and Proessor interaction, dialogue and harmony and culture can be traced back 2,500 CC platorm will surely promote Vira, we can draw inspiration and among ciilizations. years when it had already spread construction o an sian commu- enlightenment or construction o More than 200 countries with globally through constant state-to- nity with a shared uture as well as a a China-India community with a oer 2,500 ethnic groups speak- state communication. Thousands o community with a shared uture or shared uture, an sian community ing some 7,000 languages can languages conerged in the process humanity in a big way. with a shared uture, and a commu- be ound throughout the world. o lasting, intensie ciilizational Construction o a community nity with a shared uture or all o German philosopher Martin interaction, testiying to the history with a shared uture or human- humanity. Heidegger once said, Language is o exchange and communication

A still from the dance Good Fortune performed at the Asian Culture Carnival. An important ity is a gradual process and building the house o being. Humankind among our human ancestors. event on the sidelines of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, the carnival was an sian community with a shared uses language to pass down experi- owadays, linguistic and held at the National Stadium, or the Bird’s Nest, in Beijing on the evening of May 15, 2019, involving more than 8,000 performers and crew members from nearly 50 countries and uture is a signiicant step in the The author is director of the Center for Indian ence, tradition and knowledge. cultural institutions such as regions. by Xu Xun process. Furthermore, building Studies of Shenzhen University. The cultural gene o each nation Conucius Institute, British Council,

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the Conucius Institute program had oered them a chance to get to know China and gain a deeper understanding o the astness o Developing a Common the world and the alue o cultural diersity. In his reply letter, Xi encouraged them to become Consciousness modern-day Marco Polos, which seemed to resonate with eery Text by Niranjan Sahoo Chinese language learner in Italy. The melting pot of CDAC can act as a catalyst to improve relations er the past 15 years, start- among nations in Asia, through fostering exchange of ideas and ing with sia, Conucius Institutes avenues for people-to-people interaction. hae been established in more than 140 countries. long with teach- ing the Chinese language, Conucius Institutes also collaborate with hae been to Beijing more than oreign institutions to conduct hal a dozen times. ach time language education exchange I isit, I see a dierent Beijing. programs to promote Chinese Between a decade ago and now, language and culture around the Ithe city has turned into a power- world and spread Chinese ideas o house. It organizes more global emphasizing peace and harmony, eents than any other national seeking harmony while celebrating capital. In the span o a month, it dierences and aluing outside has held the Belt and oad Forum cultures and driing common or International Cooperation, April 24, 2019: Chinese teacher Shi Yifan, who teaches Chinese language at a school in prosperity o all cultures. the International Horticultural Jakarta, Indonesia, looks for reference books at the school’s library. by Du Yu/Xinhua Language study and exchange xhibition, and now, the play extensie, lasting roles in Conerence on ialogue o sian

promoting closer people-to-people Ciilizations (CC)a mega February 7, 2015: A man practices yoga at the Group of Monuments at Hampi in Karnataka, Goethe-Institut and lliance exchange, with an aim to urge young bonds. The Chinese language bears cultural carnial. India. by Zheng Huansong/Xinhua Franaise are dedicated to promot- people to strengthen their under- the uniue cultural gene o Chinese In terms o scale and content, ing linguistic and cultural exchange standing o the importance o ciilization, as do other languages CC is probably the only eent o and personnel exchange between cultural diersity through language in the world. rien by improed its kind that brings seeral common is ital. While CC is cultural India and Chinawhich together dierent countries. Primary statis- learning. institutionalization o a mechanism issues o sia to a single platorm, and related to sot inrastruc- are home to oer one-third o tics show that more than 60 Language is an important carrier to acilitate dialogue among sian coering topics like culture, religion, ture, such an initiatie is essential the world population and two o countries hae included Chinese o culture and the best key to under- ciilizations, more Sino-oreign a common sian heritage, goer- or building trust among sian the astest-growing economies language into their national educa- standing dierent ciilizations. linguistic and cultural exchange and nance and societal practices. It is nations and deeloping a common globallyplay a ital role. Both tional systems, relecting a wae In pril 2019, a group o students cooperation ia multiple channels inclusie, with the participating consciousness about sian alues countries are seen as role models o learning Chinese across the rom iles orth High School in and at arious leels will emerge countries being rom all parts o and joint ciilizational heritage. or many backward and deelop- world. t the same time, Chinese the nited States wrote a letter to to consolidate the cultural ounda- sia. Its like a big melting pot. Such exchange o ideas and people- ing economies. Thereore, unless schools at arious leels, ranging President Xi inping. In the letter, tion or mutual understanding and Im keen to listen to the dier- to-people interaction can act as a both regional powers cooperate and rom primary schools to uniersi- the students expressed loe or the enable China and other countries sity o opinions on a range o issues: catalyst to improe relations among support collectie and common ties, hae proided courses in nearly Chinese language and gratitude or to moe orward together through global goernance, political systems, nations in sia. endeaors, including rebalancing 100 oreign languages. Chinas their Chinese teacher. They asserted exchange and mutual learning climate change, ree trade in sia The major challenges in sia global goernance and creating new Ministry o ducation announced in that through studying the Chinese among arious ciilizations. and people-to-people exchanges, today are related to geopolitics and synergies on common issues such as 2018 that the country incorporated language, they had allen in loe including those related to culture the role o external powers working climate change, globalization and French, German and Spanish into with Chinese characters and ood. and tourism. Im also keen to learn against sian unity. In addition, terrorism, the sian Century will the curriculum o high schools or arlier in March, administrators and how dierent countries in sia less mobility and lack o connec- remain a mere dream. the irst time, on the basis o exist- eight students rom ome Conitto perceie or react to such a mega tiity among many countries o the ing nglish, apanese and ussian azionale Vittorio manuele II, initiatie proposed by China. region act as barriers to deeloping a The author works with the Division of The author is a senior fellow at Observer courses. The reason behind this an Italian boarding school, wrote Policy Studies at the Confucius Institute Today, connectiity on both common ision or sia. Research Foundation’s Governance and addition is the need or international a letter to President Xi to say that Headquarters. inrastructural and human leels In the sian Century ision, Politics Initiative.

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long with the time-honored history o tea consump- tion, sian countries hae established distinctie tea Asia’s Acultures. sian people strengthen riendships and conduct cultural exchange while drinking and sering tea. Cup of China is the birthplace o tea as Edited by Gong Haiying Tea well as the cradle o tea culture, which was later spread to Over thousands of years, tiny tea leaves have kindled profound other sian countries and tea cultures now widely embraced by Asia and the world. een the world. ating

March 20, 2019: A waiter performs a tea-making ceremony at a traditional teahouse in Pengzhen Town of Chengdu City, China’s Sichuan Province. Xinhua

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01 April 24, 2019: A tea stall vendor pours milk tea into a cup in New Delhi, India. Xinhua 02 January 21, 2018: People sip tea at a teahouse in Peshawar, Pakistan. Xinhua 03 May 4, 2019: A Korean waitress serves mulberry leaf tea in Buan County of Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. Xinhua 04 November 25, 2018: A tea ceremony performance at a teahouse in an ancient district of Hanoi, Vietnam. Xinhua

01 02

03 04

January 25, 2019: A vendor sells tea at Clifton Beach of Karachi, Pakistan. Xinhua back to 4,700 years ago, tea irst inluence on apan, where the tea appeared in Chinese plant atlases ceremony remains a popular cultural as herb or egetable. uring the ritual. uring the Tang ynasty, Tang ynasty (618-907), tea gradu- many apanese enoys entured ally deeloped into a daily beerage to Chinas Buddhist destinations or the Chinese people. Chinese to study. When they returned to tea-producing region driing the proerb says that irewood, rice, apan, they brought back tea seeds, nations tea industry. oil, salt, sauce, inegar and tea are tea-planting knowledge and tea-boil- Through channels like the the most common things in lie, ing techniues which sprouted into Maritime Silk oad and the ncient which suggests that drinking tea the countrys tea culture that would Tea-horse oad, tea was spread was already a daily routine in China prosper and eole into a key spiri- to other countries in sia and the centuries ago. tual and national characteristic o world including epal and Vietnam. er centuries, the Chinese apan. Thanks to constant communica- people hae ostered a proound ow a powerhouse o tea produc- tion and exchange, tiny tea leaes and enduring tea culture, with tea tion, consumption and exportation, hae kindled proound tea cultures proiding both thirst relie and India started to introduce tea seeds which hae prospered based on local improed health. Chinese tea and rom China in the late 18th century. cultures and exerted widespread tea culture hae exerted signiicant By the mid-19th century, Indias inluence in sia and the world. ssam stood out as an important

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Beijing Expo 2019

Nature’s Bounty Text by Ru Yuan

Harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the material basis for a beautiful home.

Themed “Live Green, Live Better,” the Beijing Expo is one of the major international events hosted by China in 2019 which will exhibit the world’s latest achievements in horticulture. by Fang Shuo

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inter jasmine, magno- lia and rosebud cherry compose the prelude to Beijings spring. WThis years spring will be excep- tionally long. From late pril to early ctober, the International Horticultural xhibition 2019 Beijing (hereinater 2019 Beijing xpo) will keep spring colors in the city or nearly six months. With the theme Lie Green, Lie Better, the 2019 Beijing xpo is the highest-leel and largest inter- national air organized in China ater the World Horticultural xposition held in Chinas south- western city o Kunming in 1999, the 2010 Shanghai World xpo and the irst China International Import xpo in 2018. total o 110 inter- national exhibitors and about 120 non-oicial exhibitors attend the 162-day eent centered on isual displays o plants. Visitors at the China Pavilion. The pavilion is attracting large numbers of visitors thanks to its unique designs and functions. VCG Technological Beauty ccupying an area o 503 hectares, the 2019 Beijing xpo deices and mobile apps are maximiz- around 100 meters west and became is only 10 kilometers rom the ing the power o green concepts. a small hill named Tiantian. t a Badaling section o the world-re- height o 25 meters, the hill is now nowned Great Wall. mbraced by Viewing the China Pavilion from a distance. Covering an exhibition area of 15,000 square Ecology First topped by the Pailion o ternal mountains and waters, the expo site meters, the pavilion is a major landmark at the expo, which combines static display with In addition to the green designs Tranuility which oerlooks the is blanketed in green and integrated dynamic interpretation. by Wan Quan seen eerywhere in the key pail- expo site and seres as a landmark with the surrounding eniron- ions and core landscape areas, the structure. To the east side o the hill ment. Green and high-tech and high-tech China Pailion is the expo, but also ensures sustain- help reduce muggy conditions or ecological priority concept was are scenic terraced ields. are highlights o this expo, and alie and breathes. The top o able use o the China Pailion long isitors waiting in line or entry. a constant theme throughout the Contrasted with traditional these two distinctie eatures are the building is rooed with photo- ater the expo ends. The umbrella columns can collect entire process o planning and artiicial lakes, Guirui Lake uses embodied in the design and opera- oltaic panels, which enable the I the China Pailion employs rainwater rom the pailion roo construction o the expo. recycled water rom a Beijing-based tion o many key pailions and core entire structure to sere as a solar traditional Chinese elements to be saed in a reseroir, used or Guirui Lake, located at the water recycling plant. Beore being scenic spots, relecting designers power station. By installing rainwa- to embrace green concepts and landscaping and irrigation as well core scenic area o the expo, was stored in the lake, reclaimed water and builders consciousness about ter collection deices on the roo to technology, the International as road cleaning. When it rains once a dilapidated ishpond. ter irst enters a small wetland lake the relationship between human ill tanks beneath, a mini ecologi- Pailion integrates green concepts too much, the water is directed pumping and dredging, the pond or puriication next to the natural ciilization and the ecological cal circulation system was created to and technology into modern and into a drainage ditch. The pail- was excaated and expanded beore ecological display zone in the north- enironment. realize eectie utilization o water ashionable designs. ion uses glass or its external walls transorming into a pristinely ern part o the expo site. It is then landmark structure o the resources. n the ground loor, The International Pailion boasts and skylights on the top to ensure landscaped lake. esigners aimed directed into the lake through expo, the China Pailion is a passie house technology was a public space with 94 huge steel natural lighting and minimizes need to reconstruct Guirui Lake accord- underground pipelines. The lake is cured exhibition hall in the shape adopted to leerage entilation o umbrellas which look like bloom- or electric lighting. ing to the landorm and optimally stocked with auatic bottom dwell- o a ruyi, a traditional Chinese underground air which reduces the ing lowers rom the distance. Green concepts and high-tech merge artiicial structures with the ers such as reshwater mussels, spiral ornament symbolizing good oerall energy consumption o the The expo will run through the methods are intricately used at the natural landscape. So rather than shells and Corbicula luminea to ortune. Following ancient Chinese building. The design not only satis- hottest days o Beijing summer, expo. bundant new technologies throwing away the mud excaated clear the water and attract more ish. wisdom, the impressie green ies the unctional reuirements o and the oerhead structures will including irtual reality, 5G, smart rom the pond, it was transported Cases like Guirui Lake which

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ecological concepts. China intends to use the expo as a window or exchange and cooperation with other countries. Six international horticultural experts rom apan, enmark, the nited States, the nited Kingdom, and the etherlands

Taking a photo of a “bee” made of flowers. Amazing flowers and plants from all over the world Now, people have are displayed in various forms during the 2019 Beijing Expo. by Wan Quan realized that mankind and nature must live together in a community with a shared future. Harmonious coexistence

The International Pavilion boasts a public space with 94 huge steel “umbrellas” which look like blooming flowers from the distance. It displays and sustainable various horticultural cultures including mobile gardens, floral competitions and exhibitions from countries around the world. by Fang Shuo development are

of paramount Crowd of visitors at the 2019 Beijing Expo. It is expected that the expo will receive a total of 16 put ecology irst are abundant at to attract birds. Moreoer, dier- a long duration rom three to million tourists. The expo will be a key platform for China to demonstrate its achievements in ecological progress and step up global exchanges and cooperation in green development. the Beijing xpo. In the summer ent hygrophytes were planted in the six monthseach International importance. by Fang Shuo o 2017, the expos planning and wetland next to the natural ecolog- Horticultural xhibition is design team sureyed species ical display zone to proide shelters sanctioned by the International around the expo site. They deter- or auatic birds and a habitat ssociation o Horticultural created indiidual gardens or and tree species at the entrance the master o nature. This arrogance mined that at least 46 species o with abundant ood or insects Producers (IPH). With a long the Beijing xpo, which sere as and Beijings natie plants at the reached a climax ater the rise o the plants, 44 species o birds, 14 and benthos. history, the expo had been held iid demonstrations o exchange core area o the garden. uring the First Industrial eolution starting species o butterlies and 17 species Such iid interpretations and around 30 times by the end o and cooperation between China 162-day Beijing xpo, many inter- around the 1760s. This situation later o odonatas inhabited the area. The representations o the concept 2018. China has a close relation- and other countries. merican national competitions inoling changed with exponential human team set the goal to ensure that the o putting ecology irst inspire ship with the expo and IPH. landscape architect George lowers such as the peony, Chinese deelopment. ow, people hae indigenous residents continue isitors to seek out harmonious Beore the 2019 Beijing xpo, Hargreaes and his team designed rose and orchid as well as or realized that mankind and nature thrie and endeaored to leae the coexistence between man and nature China hosted the 1999 Kunming a garden to analyze the global other outdoor plants will be held. must lie together in a community ecological chain more prosperous or the material basis o a beauti- World Horticultural xposition enironment between China IPH President Bernard osterom with a shared uture. Harmonious by improing the expo sites natural ul home. They push the public to (1 category) as well as seeral and the nited States, search- beliees that the 2019 Beijing xpo coexistence and sustainable deelop- enironment. change liestyles and more actiely horticultural exhibitions in 2/ ing or similarities and dierences will gather the worlds top garden- ment are o paramount importance. To achiee this goal, the Beijing adopt green liing. B1 categories in cities includ- between the ast and the West. ing experts, popularize green The 2019 Beijing xpo embodies xpo created seeral orest ing Shenyang, Xian, ingdao rawing inspiration rom knowledge and best practices, this concept to the greatest extent, windows in the poplar orest in Cultural and Horticultural and Tangshan. By hosting the the ancient Silk oad, British promote proessional horticul- casts a ar-reaching inluence on the the natural ecological display zone Diversity Alike 2019 Beijing xpo, China hopes landscape designers Tom Stuart- tural production and international enironment, economy and public by chopping down sick and poorly n 1 category world horti- to show the world its eorts and Smith and ames Hitchmough cooperation, and demonstrate health, and aims to build greener, growing trees, planting other trees cultural exhibitiona large- progress in ecological consera- paed a garden road rom Beijing cultural and horticultural diersity. healthier and happier residential and placing rocks and artiicial nests scale international exhibition o tion as well as its deelopment o to the West with uropean plants Humankind once regarded itsel communities.

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The Pavilion of Eternal Tranquility, which serves as a landmark structure of the 2019 Beijing Expo. It includes architectural elements of the Yan Wei, chief landscape architect of the 2019 Beijing Expo. Yan witnessed every exciting moment of designing the landscape architecture for Liao (916-1125) and Jin (1115-1234) dynasties, regimes both founded by ethnic minorities of China, and exhibits distinctive features. courtesy of the expo and is well aware of the hard work behind the amazing garden. by Chen Jian Beijing Institute of Landscape and Traditional Architectural Design and Research Co., Ltd.

t 9:30 p.m. on pril 28, Yan o major eents including the irst horticultural estial, acilitating landscape planning or the Beijing Wei, chie landscape archi- and second Belt and oad Forum communication is the most import- xpo. We looked or inspiration tect o the International or International Cooperation in ant purpose o the 2019 Beijing and design elements rom nature. In Blossoming Horticultural xhibition 2017 and 2019 respectiely, the xpo. Through extensie commu- the early days o our project, I oten A2019 Beijing (hereinater the 2014 Beijing PC Summit, and nication, horticultural technologies, toured the expo site on a bicycle, Beijing xpo) and head o the the military parade commemo- horticultural cultures and green in hopes to ind more inspiration Communication expert studio o the Beijing Institute rating the 70th anniersary o the deelopment concepts will be better rom the site. o Landscape and Traditional ictory in the Chinese Peoples promoted, which is o great signi- With mountains to the north, the —Exclusive Interview with Yan rchitectural esign and esearch War o esistance against apanese icance or landscape and garden Guihe ier transects the expo site. Co., Ltd., who is generally inactie ggression. The 2019 Beijing xpo designers and architects around We ound in Biographic Sketches o Wei, Chief Landscape Architect on social media, surprisingly posted is the latest project to which he has the world. Fie mperors collected in ecords o a message on his WeChat Moments. deoted tremendous eorts. From the Grand Historian (which recounts of the International Horticultural It read that t this moment, all the groundbreaking ceremony o the CP: How did general landscape Chinas history or around 3,000 years kinds o eelings are welled up in expo site in September 2016 to the planning or the Beijing xpo rom the legendary Yellow mperor Exhibition 2019 Beijing my heart. That day marked the opening in pril 2019, Yan and his take shape Where did you ind to the reign o mperor Wu 156- opening o the 2019 Beijing xpo, colleagues spent two and a hal years inspiration 87B.C. o the Western Han ynasty Text by Zhao Yue which welcomed isitors rom all transorming the landscape o the Yan Wei: Landscape gardens, 202B.C.-8 .., penned by Sima oer the world. 503-hectare expo site rom blueprint which emphasize the unity and ian, a renowned historian in the “I hope that through this expo, more people will visit Yanqing Yan has been engaged in into reality. integration o nature and man, Western Han ynasty) that legend- District to see the green hills and smell the sweet flowers. They landscape architecture or nearly ecently, China Pictorial (CP) sat stand out among traditional Chinese ary Chinese monarch Shun once will leave with love for gardening, love for the city where they live, 30 years. He has sered as the head down with Yan Wei. Yan beliees gardens. That concept was the lied in Guirui. Guirui was the place love for nature and love for life.” landscape architect or a number that as an international platorm and central premise when we irst started where the Guihe ier took a sharp

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turn. lthough we cannot be sure The Beijing xpo will last or 162 irtual mangroe orest was created deliered to the public. Moreoer, whether the Guihe ier in histor- days, and the landscape will change with high-tech digital imaging a number o actiities and national ical records is the current Guihe naturally during that time. Visitors euipment. The digital technology pailion days hae acilitated urther ier at the expo site, the scene will hae dierent experiences with illuminates how the growth mecha- international cultural exchange. described in the historical records the change o seasons. Taking this nism o mangroes eoled to adapt moed us greatly: Workers bend into consideration, we careully to the tides. CP: In terms o the integrated to perorm dierent jobs. Various selected the plant species. For n the other hand, horticultural deelopment o the city and crops ripen. Friendly locals lead example, isitors can see plants such technology has been used exten- landscape architecture, what an aluent lie, and the phoenix as the Chinese lowering crabap- siely throughout the Beijing xpo. changes and impact do you expect lies oer as an auspicious sign. ple and the lilac in spring, abundant The weather in Yaning istrict the expo to leae on Beijing The oerall landscape design o auatic plants in summer and is cooler than downtown Beijing. Yan: The most direct impact o the Beijing xpo aims to create an arious colored-lea trees in autumn. So we employed plentiul scientiic the expo on Beijing is, o course, the atmosphere o harmonious existence and technological means to ensure huge garden it will leae to the city, among mountains, riers, orests, CP: What new technologies were certain lowers had bloomed during which will inspire Beijing citizens ields, and lakes, bringing the adopted or the landscape design o the May ay holiday when the to better embrace and enjoy nature. scenes described in the ancient text the Beijing xpo expo just opened. To achiee better In addition, through the continuous back to lie. Yan: High-tech has been incorpo- landscape eects, other technolo- communication and isits during rated into the exhibition and display gies were employed to prolong some the 162-day exhibition period, the CP: The expos landscape design o the Beijing xpos landscape plants lowering periods and een expo will leae a deep impression has already been seen by many and gardens. n the one hand, change the colors o petals. on Beijings uture horticultural isitors. id the inal product meet new technologies were employed as deelopment and een cultural all your expectations exhibition methods. For example, the CP: Compared to the 1999 In a world of flowers. Through the Beijing Expo, the latest horticultural technologies, deelopment. The green deelop- horticultural cultures and green development concepts become better publicized. Yan: It has indeed met my antastic light and shadow orest Kunming World Horticultural by Wan Quan ment concept will surely permeate expectations. nd I beliee that show located in the natural ecologi- xposition, another 1 category eery aspect o social lie. landscape and garden presentations cal display zone, based on the ancient international horticultural expo, will only become better and better Chinese mythology The Classic o and the other 2/B1 category horti- scenic spot with heay tourist low CP: Compared to 1 interna- CP: What kind o new relation- as time goes by. Because all plants Mountains and Seas, uses cutting- cultural exhibitions held in China, such as the expo site. tional horticultural expositions ship do you expect to orm between in nature are alie and constantly edge technologies such as irtual what uniue highlights o landscape The second highlight o the in other countries, how does landscapes, people and the city growing. With the help o mainte- reality (V), augmented reality design will make people remem- Beijing xpo is the unctional the Beijing xpo exhibit Yan: We must maintain the nance management, I beliee (), human-computer interac- ber the Beijing xpo What are diisions o the expo site which Chinese elements while staying oerall balance o the arths this landscaping will improe tion and mobile streaming media. the signiicant improements oer guarantee substantial touring routes international ecosystem, so that our children and become more integrated In the exhibition hall on the irst preious shows with much to see. For instance, this Yan: From the planning leel, and childrens children will not with nature. loor o the Botany Pailion, a Yan: The Beijing xpo is large expo set up a core scenic area around one goal o the Beijing xpo was to only hae material wealth but also and rich in content. Tourists will the China Pailion, the International build a platorm or countries and enjoy starry skies, green mountains be exhausted i they try to experi- Pailion, the Perorming rts Center international organizations rom and sweet lowers, remarked ence eerything in one day. Beore by Guirui Lake, and the Chinese all oer the world to showcase their Chinese President Xi inping at the we produced the landscape planning horticultural exhibition zone. This horticultures and technologies. s opening ceremony o the Beijing or the Beijing xpo, we consulted core scenic area has already attracted a world-class exhibition, the Beijing xpo, which relects Chinas proessionals inoled in the heay lows o tourists. xpo has proided a platorm or desire or a harmonious relation- Kunming, Xian and Shenyang Third, we consciously designed international exhibitors to optimize ship between landscapes, people expositions and learned rom their seeral landmarks or tourists. their horticultural proessionalism and cities. aluable experience. First, we did For example, the landmark or and ully express their respectie The iid statements made a lot o work to enhance isitor isitors entering the expo site rom cultures. In terms o implementa- by President Xi shined light on comort. mple acilities or rest Gate ne is the China Pailion, tion, the Beijing xpo inited many the dream and determination and serices were installed in eery the landmark or Gate Two is the international organizations to share o Chinas green deelopment. I key scenic area, and trees were International Pailion, and the their understandings o horticulture hope that through this expo, more planted to proide shade along landmark or Gate Four is the rom the perspectie o dierent people will isit Yaning istrict routes to ensure isitors hae a Liing xperience Pailion. ur industries. The expo also inited six to see the green hills and smell the comortable tour and enable them to intention was to gie isitors physi- international horticultural masters. sweet lowers. They will leae with better control the pace o the tours. cal reerences during the tour, so Through the gardens they created loe or gardening, loe or the city

Landscape design of the Beijing Expo aims to follow the terrain and optimally merge artificial esigns and planning like this are that they can hae a clear sense o or the expo, the latest ideas on where they lie, loe or nature and structures with the natural landscape. by Fang Shuo extremely important or a huge directions within the expo site. planting and landscaping hae been loe or lie.

42 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 43 SPECIAL REPORT JUN · 2O19

he 2019 Beijing International transcend the use o physical materi- in Tokyo. ierent pieces eatured Horticultural xpo, with als and use space in new ways. in this exhibition dynamically bleed the theme Lie Green, Lie Members o teamLab are oer into one another and inter- Continuous Life in a Better, poses a challenge: ultra-technologists: they are not act. The exhibition coers 10,000 Tthe world has gone high-tech, distinctly technicians or artists they suare meters and isitors, constit- so how can we meaningully combine their arious disciplines in uent displays, and the space all Beautiful World lie green The art installa- a collaboratie eort. They begin interact to orm what isitors experi- Text by Nathan Bennett tion Continuous Lie in a Beautiul with a general ision and together ence as they go through it. Works o Photographs courtesy of teamLab, Continuous Life in a Beautiful World, 2019, Interactive Digital installation, Endless, Sound: Hideaki Takahashi © teamLab World by teamLab gies a possi- they discoer the details o the inal teamLab hae also been exhibited in ble answer. China Pictorial talked to ision o each artwork they design. urope, orth merica, ustralia, An exhibition at the Beijing International Horticultural Expo by art collective teamLab to ind out more. Various art and technology proes- sia, and the Middle ast. teamLab shows in digital art expression what it takes to “Live Green, Live Better” n interdisciplinary art collec- sionals work together to oercome Continuous Lie in a Beautiul in the modern high-tech world. tie, teamLab aims to unite art, the constraints o what is possi- World, their work on display at the science, technology, design, and the ble. In a running theme o breaking 2019 Beijing xpo, brings to lie natural world and naigate the inter- down boundaries, the artists and the rich ecosystem o mangroe mediate space between them all. the technologists drop the walls orests, encompassing eerything The art collectie includes artists, between their respectie disciplines rom mangroe trees down to the programmers, engineers, CG anima- and explore what they can depict in a microorganisms in the underwater tors, mathematicians, and architects. digital medium reed rom the physi- portions o mangroe ecosystems. ne thing that teamLab repeat- cal limitations o traditional art. edly stressed was their desire to In une 2018, teamLab opened explore the relationship between their irst permanent exhibition, humans and nature, and their use o MI Building IGITL T the digital medium allows them to MSM: teamLab Borderless,

Continuous Life in a Beautiful World by teamLab is a CG artistic rendering of the rich ecosystem of a mangrove forest.

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Toshiyuki Inoko, ounder o teamLab, was inspired by a isit to mangroe orests in Mexico and was oerwhelmed by the dier- sity and ibrance o animal lie in the mangroe ecosystems. The top-to-bottom interconnectiity o mangroe orests proed to be a compelling subject or teamLab. Technological interconnecti- ity, according to teamLab, merely extends the sel: Facebook, Twitter, Aquatic life in a mangrove forest. and other social media merely express the indiiduals mind, but teamLab wants to use technology to enhance the relationships between people and space itsel, rather than ocusing on the indiidual. Their installations integrate computer graphics, sensors, and projection technology. What one isitor experi- ences will be inluenced by a isitor who came beore. Visiting one o their digital installations is not just Animated creatures in the installation looking at art in a picture rame change color as they pass by visitors. they transorm the space itsel in which their art is displayed into an immersie creatie enironment. Because humans are an integrated part o nature, the depiction o dierent scales o lie, teamLab work transorms as isitors rom normal human perspectie to interact with it. In Continuous Lie microscopic, but the theme o the in a Beautiul World, the colors o unity o all lie and the relationships creatures in the mangroe orest that between all constituent members is isitors see change as they pass by the same in all their works. isitors, and one thing teamLab did Currently, teamLab is showing or the irst time with this exhibit The interactive display zooms in from showing trees to showing microscopic life in mangrove art installations, nierse o Water was to start isitors in the lie-size forest environments. Particles in the Tank, until ugust world o mangroe trees and then 24 at TK Shanghai, as well as gradually enlarge the scale o the Forest o Lie Future Park at the perceptible enironment to immerse lie and dierse microorganisms, arbitrariness o borders between relationships in the natural world between nature and humanity, but Party Pier Culture and rt one in isitors in the auatic enironment and teamLabs depiction o dier- human lie and the natural world. and the presence o humanity within humans and nature share in a larger Guangzhou, until ctober 7. They and then the microscopic dimen- ent scales o lie in a mangroe For the Beijing xpo, the idea o it. igital media allows art to break ragile yet miraculous borderless are looking orward to showing sions o mangroe orests. orest oers isitors the chance to liing green in a high-tech world out o the literal rame o a rectan- continuity o lie. Beore humans Forest Where Gods Lie in Mangroe orests are a uniue see the typically inisible aspects seems to be something o a paradox, gular painting and include isitors can lie green and lie better, Miuneyama akuen, Takeo Hot ecological enironment where o the enironment. In line with but teamLabs use o the digital themseles. we hae to understand the dense and Springs, Kyushu, apan rom uly reshwater and seawater meet, their ongoing mission to redeine medium helps them communicate The art external to isitors to complicated relationships between 12 to oember 4, 2019, as well as and mangroe trees actually ilter the relationship between humans the mindset they see as being helpul Continuous Lie in a Beautiul ourseles and nature. Continuous Impermanent Flowers Floating in a saltwater or their own use. s and the surrounding world, the or liing in harmony with nature. World is beautiul, and the beauty Lie in a Beautiul World just Continuous Sea at the 21st Century mangroes distribute their seedlings mangroe orest proided a new For teamLab, technology is their o the natural world includes the demonstrates that point, with Museum o Contemporary rt, and the orest expands, it proides a context to show the interconnec- primary tool, but they use it or its presence o humanity within it. top-to-bottom comprehensieness. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, apan, rom welcoming enironment or animal tiity o the natural world and the potential to communicate the dense There is no necessary conlict ew to this installation is teamLabs ugust 9 to September 1, 2019.

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Unseen Shades of Green —Incredible Rare Chinese Plants

Text by A Meng and Tian Dong

Lilium dauricum Ker Gawl, an Asian A diverse and complex n pril 28, 2019, with the theme species of plants belonging to natural environment Lie Green, Lie Better, the the family Liliaceae, in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. by Cheng has made China home International Horticultural Bin to 10 percent of the xhibition 2019 Beijing opened. world’s species of Ouring the expo, nearly 2,000 plants rom all vegetation and the only oer the planet are on display, including 300 home to many rare and species o rare plants uniue to China. endangered plants. Plants create a welcoming home or mankind. In his book The oots o Plant Intelligence, Italian botanist Steano Mancuso asserted that o eery 100 liing things on the planet, 99.5 to 99.9 are plants, and that animals including humans account or only a tiny raction o liing organisms. China has been the habitat or abundant plants since ancient times. It has continuous and complete tropical, subtropical, temper- ate and rigid egetation, possessing all o the worlds major egetation types except arctic tundra. dierse and complex natural enironment has made China home to 10 percent o the worlds total egetation species, and the only home to many rare and endan- gered plants. group o Chinese writers promoting science popularization hae long been teaming up with nature photographers to spread concern or protection o Chinas rare and endangered plants. er the past ew years, they hae researched, inestigated and recorded a ariety o plants in the wild includ- ing the critically endangered Paeonia ludlowii, Meconopsis adored by Western landscape architects, rophysa rockii lbr which once was thought extinct, and endangered doe Lilium dauricum Ker Gawl, an Asian species of plants belonging to the family Liliaceae, in trees. They hope their eorts will raise aware- Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. by Cheng Bin ness or protection o rare plants in China.

48 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 49 SPECIAL REPORT JUN · 2O19 Meconopsis racemose in Deqin County, Yunnan Province. Without research and assessment, rare species like Meconopsis may never be enjoyed by people. by Cheng Bin

Surveys of Paeonia Ludlowii 01 02 Paeonia ludlowii , a species o peonies, is 01 Urophysa Rockii Ulbr, a Chinese endemic plant species, only ound in yingchi Preecture in south- 03 in Jiangyou, Sichuan Province. by A Meng western Chinas Tibet utonomous egion 02 Saxifraga laciniata Nakai et Takeda in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. by Cheng Bin and abounds mostly in the preectures 03 Cassiope pectinata Stapf in Baima Snow Mountain, Mainling County. Sometimes called Yunnan Province. Cassiope is a genus of 9 to 12 small shrubby species in the family Ericaceae. by Cheng Bin the Tibetan tree peony, the plant is 04 Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl in Nankun Mountain, een more precious than the giant Guangdong Province. by Cheng Bin panda. The International nion or Conseration o ature (IC) established a ed List o 04 Threatened Species through which the extinction risk o thousands o species and subspecies were ealu- ated by a set o criteria. Species are classiied by the IC ed List into nine groups with extinct and extinct in the wild at the top, ollowed by critically endangered, endangered, ulnera- ble, and near threatened in that order. In 2016, the giant panda was downgraded rom endangered to ulnerable on the list while Paeonia ludlowii was classiied as criti- cally endangered. Howeer, this critically endangered species is still not on the oicial list o protected plants in China. Preiously, the plant was belieed to be the elaays tree peony, a species widely ound throughout proinces and autonomous regions such as Yunnan, rom trampling and consumption by liestock. Searching for Meconopsis Sichuan and Tibet. The dierences in lower The species gradually recoered. mong Chinese plants, Meconopsis, color and outline were considered normal In recent years, scientists hae carried a genus o lowering plants in the amily ariations. lthough Paeonia ludlowii was out wide-ranging ecological research on the Papaeraceae, is adored by many Western eentually classiied as an independent species species and its liing enironment, associated botanists. Seeral dozen species o the genus by taxonomists, its name still hasnt reached plants and dierences rom the elaays tree exist in the world among which most are Chinas oicial list o protected plants because peony in hopes o proiding better protec- ound in the Himalayas. the list hasnt upgraded or uite a while. tion. They eentually determined that the Most Meconopsis species hae blue uring the years when the species wasnt natie species o China could be artiicially lowers, but not all o them. The genus also properly protected, it was once exposed to cultiated into more ornamental arieties. includes some mysterious species. For risk o extinction. Local goernments inally Scientists will continue to carry out in-depth example, Meconopsis pinnatiolia can only ormulated protectie measures such as studies on its growth, reproduction, seed be ound in Tibets Gyirong and yalam. Its encing o key areas or the species to sae it germination and seedling growth. lowers are purplish brown, and the plant is

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Anemone rupicola in Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province. by Cheng Bin

Meconopsis punicea, a Chinese endemic plant species, in Jigzhi County, Qinghai Province. by Dong Lei

Rhynchostylis retusa, also called foxtail orchid, is an exotic blooming orchid. Pictured is the plant in Yingjiang, Yunnan Province. by Cheng Bin

Saussurea medusa Maxim in Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province. by Cheng Bin

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distributed only in a ew areas that humans seldom isit. Meconopsis toruata is een rarer. The type specimen o this species was originally collected rom hills in the suburbs o Lhasa. Howeer, many experts at home and abroad hae neer seen the plant in the wild. ccording to locals, this plant was common in the past. Howeer, those growing lower in the hills were long ago wiped out by medici- nal herb pickers. ll that is let today is only a small amount suriing in areas that are ery diicult or humans to reach. Without research and assessment, species like Meconopsis may neer be enjoyed by people. The species that remain most unknown to the public are truly the most rare and endangered. They need more attention.

Cypripedium plectrochilum in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province. Rediscovery of Urophysa Rockii Ulbr The plant is widely found in China. by Niu Yang lthough rare, it is exciting when a plant once considered extinct enjoys a renaissance. In 1925, ustrian-merican explorer and again without protection. So, the Wudu botanist oseph F. ock (1884-1962) took eseroir postponed water storage. The local a plain plant specimen rom iangyou City, goernment and scientists spared no eorts Sichuan Proince. ter ock returned to the to relocate the plants to be protected with nited States, he conirmed that the plant was hopes that the amazing species would once The dove tree, a Chinese endemic plant species, in an unknown new species o anunculaceae again thrie. Beijing. by Tian Dong and published an article on his indings. Learning o the news, Chinese botanists also The Dove Tree Comes Home entured to iangyou or samples, but ound ery year in pril and May, the secluded tree in the courtyard. ter learning that nothing. The newly discoered species had Xiling Snow Mountain near Chengdu, Sichuan the tree was an endangered species natie to disappeared uietly. The only inormation it Proince, becomes blanketed in spring green. China, he called or the reintroduction and let or humans was in two herbariums housed It is the time when the lowers o doe trees protection o the species. The doe tree was in the nited States. Based on the two speci- bloom all oer the mountain. oicially included in the list o the irst group mens, scientists determined it to be a uniue n endemic endangered species in China, o key wild plants under special state protec- Chinese genus rophysa, a new species o doe trees are primarily distributed in alpine tion in China. anunculaceae. nd this disappearing plant alleys around the Sichuan Basin. The The doe tree was the coer image or got an oicial name: rophysa rockii lbr. climate in their habitat is warm and humid, the textbook Botany used by Chinese middle The beautiul plant is o high scientiic with abundant rainall. While rain beneits school students that was irst published alue. When people looked deep into the all plants, it also inconeniences the polli- in 1982. Later, it appeared on the postage deelopment system o anunculaceae, they nation process. oe trees are ree o this stamps issued by China Post. ter 50 years ound the species to be an important key to worry. They are tall and straight with lowers o research and protection publicity, it has the eolution o its genus. Howeer, with only gathered on the top o the crown. Their white become a household plant in China. two specimens on hand, some eolutionary bracts resemble umbrellas, shielding the lthough the doe tree is a dominant species puzzles remained impossible to sole. lower core rom rain and preenting pollen in its natie land, it is still under irst-class state In 2005, ater an absence o nearly 80 released by staminate lowers to be soaked protection today due to its poor ertility. The years, the plant was rediscoered in the by water. When lowers are successully doe tree has beneited other species liing newly built Wudu eseroir in iangyou. The pollinated, the bracts remain to protect the within its habitat as an umbrella species. beautiul blue lowers enraptured people the young ruits. moment they set eyes on them. ter growing In pril 1954 during the Genea out o the stone walls o the reseroir ounda- Conerence in Switzerland, Chinese Premier The authors are renowned Chinese writers focused on tion, the plant could hae soon disappeared Meconopsis pseudointegrifolia in Balang Mountain, Sichuan Province. by Cheng Bin hou nlai witnessed the lowers o the doe science popularization.

54 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 55 SOCIETY JUN · 2O19

Enabled Information Into the Light Text by Ru Yuan

“The development of digital technology has enabled people with visual impairments to enjoy unimpeded access to information and seize greater equality in life and work.”

ery time he talks about to shop without help rom others, uguang C (ptical which has made it ery popular. Character ecognition), a uring the 2018 ouble Tweles technology he deeloped to shopping estial, uguang C Ehelp people with isual impairments deliered serices nearly 100 million read, 31-year-old Cai Yongbin times in a single day. wears his pride on his sleee. Visually impaired himsel, Cai is Eyes for the Blind an engineer committed to proiding uguang C is just one o unimpeded access to inorma- seeral projects occupying Cais tion. He and his team deeloped an research team. Formerly a member C-based technology and joined o the Shenzhen ccessibility Cai Yongbin listens to the voice of a smartphone screen reader. Unlike most software engineers, Cai suffers from a visual impairment, which hands with libaba, Chinas largest esearch ssociation, Cai launched gives him a deeper understanding of the needs of people with vision disorders. by Lin Hongxian e-commerce giant, to incorporate his own business in une 2018 to the technology into libabas online ocus on researching accessibility shopping app Taobao. technologies. entually, he and his people with isual impairments, Cai suers a isual impairment, engineering. By identiying pictures and trans- colleagues were proiding accessi- a number eual to the entire which gies him a deeper under- When I started to study lating them into oice, uguang bility testing serices or renowned population o the etherlands. standing o the needs and habits o programming, I got closer contact C can help buyers with isual internet companies such as Tencent, s an accessibility engineer, Cai people with ision disorders. He with digital accessibility products, impairments place orders, greatly Baidu, libaba and Microsot ocuses on conducting inormation wasnt born blind. n accident at Cai recalls. The irst was screen improing their online shopping (China). Currently, he ocuses on accessibility testing and optimi- the age o six let him in a world reading sotware. With its help, Cai experience. testing and optimizing accessibil- zation and proiding releant o darkness. t 13, he was enrolled could write code on a keyboard with ach day, about 300,000 custom- ity sotware deeloped by Tencent solutions or product deelop- in a special education school listening aids without the need to ers with arying leels o blindness and libaba, especially radio and ment teams. Sometimes he does in Shenzhen, where he uickly switch on a computer. place orders on online shopping musical apps popular among users his own programming to deelop mastered computer skills and began From that point on, his inter- platorms such as Taobao and Tmall. with isual impairments. releant sotware. to study programming. entually, est gradually shited to the The new technology enables them China has more than 17 million nlike most sotware engineers, he entured into accessibility internet and releant products.

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In uly 2018, the Internet Society The rapid deelopment o o China held a meeting in Beijing accessibility serices in China can to kick o the ormulation o the be attributed to the adancement Web ccessibility niersal esign o inormation and communica- Standards, the irst o its kind in tion technology and the mobile the world. internet, the popularity o smart mobile terminals and mobile apps, and the wide utilization o big data, cloud computing and artii- cial intelligence. Technological deelopment has created oppor- tunities or China to build an Compared to fully internet eaturing unimpeded access to inormation. abled people, Cai and many other accessibil- ity engineers are driers as well disabled persons as beneiciaries o the technolog- including those with ical reolution. ccording to the General eport on Chinas Internet visual impairments sers with Visual Impairments use the internet released by the China ccessibility Product lliance, in the mobile more for things internet era, internet demand rom people with isual impairments has such as online cab- become increasingly diersiied, and hailing and mobile their smartphones are illed with ar more than just social networking shopping apps. and shopping apps. surey showed that 33 percent o people with ision disorders in China had installed 11 to 20 apps in their smartphones, 29 percent had 21 to 30 apps, and 24 percent had more than 30 apps. In the near uture, people with isual Cai Yongbin works with a colleague in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. In 2018, Cai launched a tech firm specializing in accessibility impairments will spend more time services. His team consists of eight members, six of whom are engineers with visual impairments. by Lin Hongxian on their cell phones than their computers. In this context, accessi- bility research is becoming more and The inconeniences people with cab-hailing and mobile shopping Equal Access to Information In recent years, accessibility more important. isual impairments ace in daily apps, Cai notes. Imagine i inter- lthough Chinas accessibility research has beneited rom strong Without proper accessibility lie, especially in using the inter- net-based accessibility products sector started late, it is deelop- policy support rom the goern- serices, the disabled are blocked net, inspired Cai to realize the proide een more alternatie ing ast. In 2013, seeral leading ment o China and achieed major July 7, 2016: A user with visual disorder rom a lot o inormation, which importance o unimpeded access to solutions or the disabled. The deel- Chinese internet companies includ- breakthroughs. In 2016, the China shares his experience of using a smartphone leaes them marginalized, in daily life at an event on the living inormation. opment o digital technology has ing libaba, Baidu and Tencent isabled Persons Federation and conditions of people with visual impairments stresses Cai. He is irmly commit- Compared to ully abled people, enabled people with isual impair- joined hands with the Shenzhen the ice o the Central Cyberspace in the mobile internet era in Beijing co- ted to continuing his work in organized by the China Accessibility Product disabled persons including those with ments to enjoy unimpeded access to ccessibility esearch ssociation airs Commission jointly issued Alliance and Alipay, a subsidiary of Chinese accessibility engineering. I hope e-commerce giant Alibaba. In recent years, isual impairments use the inter- inormation and experience greater to establish the China ccessibility a document on strengthening China’s accessibility sector has seen rapid one day all products can be used net more or things such as online euality in lie and work. Product lliance. website-related accessibility serices. development. by Ma Ping/Xinhua eually by all.

58 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 59 7070 Years YEARS in Pictures IN PICTURES JUN · 2O19

1980 1989 Fast Changes Concept by China Pictorial Edited by Li Zhuoxi Photographs courtesy of CFB unless otherwise credited Information sourced from History of the Communist Party of China

he decade spanning rom 1980 to 1989 was a critical period or the deelopment o Chinas reorm. ter soling arious historical problems, Chinas reorms in arious sectors proceeded comprehen- siely. Its opening up to the outside world progressed constantly. TIts construction o democracy, legal institutions and socialist culture and ethics strengthened considerably, and an independent oreign policy o peace 1980: Trial of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-Revolutionary Cliques oicially took shape. The Peoples Liberation rmy reormed in the direction o ewer but better prepared and euipped troops with Chinese characteristics. On November 12, 1980, 10 defendants from the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary cliques went With the introduction o a three-step strategic plan or Chinas modern- on trial in a special court of China’s Supreme People’s Court. It was the largest trial since the founding of the ization, the country embraced an era o arious drastic changes brought by its People’s Republic of China in 1949, heralding the beginning of a new era for China’s socialist democracy and legal reorm and opening up. institutions.

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1981: Issuance of Government Bonds

To make up for a fiscal imbalance in the national treasury, in 1981 China officially began to issue its first government bonds. By doing so, China pooled finan- cial resources to adjust and stabilize its national economy and advance social- ist modernization. The 1981 government bonds were issued through adminis- trative apportionment for state-owned enterprises, public institutions and individuals. The annual interest rate for individual buyers was four percentage points higher than organizational buyers. Xinhua

Xinhua 1983: Development of YH-1 Supercomputer

On December 22, 1983, the YH-1, China’s first supercomputer capable of performing 100 million calculations a second, was successfully developed. With the fastest computing speed, the largest storage capacity and the strongest functionality in China at the time, the supercomputer served as an important tool for petroleum and geological exploration, medium- and long-term numerical forecasting, satellite image processing, calculation of large scientific research projects as well as national defense construction. The supercomputer played a key role in accelerating China’s modernization.

1984: Resident ID Card

From the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until April 6, 1984, Chinese citizens used household registration records and letters of certification as proof of identification rather than formal ID cards. In 1984, China began to issue its first-generation resident ID 1982: One-Child Policy cards. Pictured is Betty Chandler (center), an American who gained Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the country’s population started growing at high Chinese citizenship and an expert speed. Beginning from the 1960s, contradictions between population and economics, society, resources working with Beijing-based Foreign and the environment gradually became exacerbated. Thus, China decided to implement the family planning Languages Press, giving a media policy across the country. In 1982, family planning was made a basic national policy of China, and a nationwide interview after getting an ID card. one-child policy was implemented. Xinhua

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1985: Military Contraction 1986: First Bankrupted State- owned Enterprise In the 1980s, Deng Xiaoping, then chairman of China’s Central Military Commission, declared that peace and development were the two major themes Through coordinated reforms on pricing, of the world. In May 1985, the Central Military Commission held an expanded economic planning, and commerce, China’s meeting in Beijing at which it passed the decision to shift the guiding principle of market system began to take shape. The central China’s army in the new era from the war preparation and readiness to construc- government gradually delegated power of tion in peacetime. Deng announced at the meeting that a million people in the economic control and management to local People’s Liberation Army would be discharged. governments. On August 3, 1986, Shenyang Explosion-Proof Equipment Factory in Liaoning Province declared bankruptcy. It was the first state-owned enterprise to declare bankruptcy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. At the end of that year, the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China went into effect for trial imple- mentation. Pictured is “Bitterness after the Bankruptcy,” one of the most renowned news photos of that time.

Xinhua 1987: China-Portugal Joint Statement on Macao

On April 13, 1987, China and Portugal signed a joint statement on the question of Macao. According to the statement, Macao, which had been separated from the motherland for more than 400 years, would return to China on December 20, 1999. Previously, the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong was signed on December 19, 1984, which determined the date for Hong Kong’s return to China.

Xinhua

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1988: Market Pricing for Commodities

Comprehensive reform provided a powerful impetus for China’s economic and social development. Beginning in 1988, formerly rationed commodities began being sold without limitations, and home appliances such as televisions could soon be found in ordinary homes. Pictured is the duty-free open market of Fuzhou Development Zone, which was opened in 1988. At this market, all commodities were priced according to the market, and customers could purchase imported goods.

1989: Project Hope

To help dropouts in poverty-stricken areas return to schools and improve the schooling conditions in China’s rural areas, the Central Committee of the China’s Communist Youth League and the China Youth Development Foundation launched Project Hope, a public service program, in 1989. Pictured is Su Mingjuan, a student of Sanhe Central Primary School in Taoling Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, in class in April 1991. The image of this big-eyed girl thirsty for knowledge moved millions of people. Su became the face of Xinhua Project Hope.

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Documenting China’s Wildlife This book has compiled much of what we will lose if we fail to protect nature. Nature and Wildlife Photography in China, a book compiled by the Imaging Biodiversity Expedition and published by Beijing Publishing House in April 2019.

hina stretches rom extreme ature and Wildlie Photography cold to relentless heat with in China summarizes their eorts arid deserts and wet orests oer the past 10 years as they coered that are home to untold more than 300,000 kilometers and Cnumbers o species. In its ast land recorded 8,000 species liing in more are 15 percent o the worlds terres- than 60 Chinese nature reseres. trial ertebrate species and 12 percent This book is a thrilling collec- o the worlds plants. In the preace tion o images o rare mammals, or the book ature and Wildlie birds, plants and insects includ- Photography in China, Proessor oris ing many species uniue to China uke rom the icholas School o such as the giant panda, the Yangtze the nironment and arth Sciences ier dolphin and the Chinese alliga- at uke niersity called Chinas tor. ll images shine with wildlie wildlie beautiul, ascinating and photographers proessional skill and scientiically interesting. passion or enironmental conser- In 2009, a group o proes- ation. In an aterword he wrote or sional Chinese nature and wildlie the book, Guo Hongan, an honor- photographers ormed the Imaging ary member o the Chinese cademy Biodiersity xpedition (IB), o Social Sciences, said: natural- an organization dedicated to ist photographer should be the documenting biodiersity inen- patron saint o wildlie. He should tories in dierent areas throughout be able to communicate with his China through photography. uring models through gestures, eye contact eery ield surey, the proessional and acial expressions. ach o his nature photographers collaborated pictures should be the embodiment

with each other to collect scien- o his aection, enthusiasm, joy, and A pair of Chilades pandava are mating on a vine. tiic data or research. The book een pride. To keep predators at bay, the butterfly has a false head consisting of hind wing tail and pro- tective eyespots. by Yang Minghui 68 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 69 CULTURE | BOOKS JUN · 2O19

Rhinopithecus roxellana derives its Chinese name (literally, “Sichuan golden hair monkey”) from its golden hair and Sichuan where it was first discovered. Those monkeys live in groups amidst dense forests and high peaks and feed on plants. by Cheng Bin A Tibetan sand fox. On a grassland in Two young male sika deer butt heads with Qinghai Province, the photographer finally their horns on the grassland in Taiwan, China, approached within 10 meters of the Tibetan and the clashing sound reverberates in the sand fox, after more than two hours of surrounding area. by Huang Yifeng constant tries. by Guo Liang

A little mountain weasel stands up through a pile of stones by the Tuotuo River in Qinghai Province, peering curiously into the camera. The mountain weasel is small but fast and preys on animals smaller than itself. by Peng Jiansheng

A couple of Himalayan marmots play A lesser panda stands on a tree in the Wolong intimately while learning the life skills National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. through games: pushing, wrestling and The fruits of Sorbus pohuashanensis growing kissing. A large species of rodent, the in the nature reserve are a favorite food of Himalayan marmot is widely distributed over lesser pandas. by Xu Tingcheng the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in southwestern China. by Guo Liang

The Himalayan monal, a rare species of large bird endemic to the Himalayas, is the national bird of Nepal and is nicknamed “the bird of nine colors.” by Guo Liang

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The red goral is an endangered species under the first-class state protection in China. The turbulent river crashes its way through the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, forming a safe place for red gorals to live. by Guo Liang

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A noble rhubarb at the scree on a mountain slope, 4,500 meters above sea level, in northwestern Yunnan Province. The noble rhubarb can reach up to two meters in height, and only has one chance to bloom and bear fruit throughout its lifetime. by Niu Yang In the Lancang River Valley in A Meconopsis punicea blossoms in a valley northwestern Yunnan Province, moist in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province. The mountain breezes accelerate the beautiful species endemic to China usually blooming of various plants. Towering grows on alpine meadows. by Xu Jian above them is the widespread Rhododendron yunnanense offering up its bright blossoms to the sacred Kawa Garbo Peak. by Peng Jiansheng

Proessor Stuart Pimm, a nature as we do today. This book enironmental conseration. world-renowned biologist, asserted compiles the things we will lose i It is noteworthy that the book is that the book constantly surprised we ail to protect nature. the irst Chinese-nglish illustrated him. For instance, close-up photos In a reiew o the book, amous record o Chinese animals and plants. o insects opened a window into a Chinese popular science writer Chen Chinese nature photography world o creatures beyond the imagi- Min pointed out that images can organization ounded by proes- nation o science iction writers. inspire aection or wildlie and sional photographers, IB had Images o wild animals taken with desire to protect them. He noted that carried out 94 photography expedi- camera traps enable iews preiously this book not only documents the tions by the end o 2018, during impossible to capture. They may liing conditions o those species which more than 400 participants not hae high artistic alue as tradi- with scientiic, proessional photog- snapped more than 300,000 photos tional photos, but they are o high raphy, but also includes accurate, and produced a dozen documen- scientiic signiicance. Proessor detailed textual inormation on tary ilms and 3,000 hours o ideo Parashorea cathayensis is a symbol of the tropical Pimm pointed out that behind each their classiications and ecological documenting some 8,000 species. rainforests in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. With a height of 70 to 80 meters or more, the tree is hailed beautiul photo is great worry about situations, coneying the beauty o IBs ruitul eorts hae been as “the giant in the rainforests” by locals. by Xu Jian whether the uture generations can Chinas wildlie and arousing public coered by more than 100 media admire and capture the beauty o awareness or wildlie protection and outlets in China and beyond.

74 VOLUME 852 CHINA PICTORIAL 75 CULTURE | SENSING CHINA JUN · 2O19 China: Offering Something for Everyone

Text by Zhou Xin

Students from the Emerging Markets Institute of Beijing Normal University find value in China’s experience to take back home.

iaxing is a good place or us to see what China trees to preent the enironment rom urther degrad-

is doing and how ar China has gone, declared ing. Citing the ongoing International Horticultural May 8, 2019: Students from the Emerging Markets Institute (EMI) of Beijing Normal University visit a garment factory in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Samuel Korsah, a student rom Ghana enrolled xhibition in Beijing, he noted that China has attached Province. by Li Pengpeng “ at the merging Markets Institute (MI) o great importance to planting trees to improe the BeijingJ ormal niersity. enironment. s climate change has become a major Situated in Chinas prosperous Yangtze ier elta, challenge o our times, China is looking or ways and en ater I return to my home country upon gradu- to work or the Central Bank o Sudan. He welcomes the city o iaxing in hejiang Proince is among the means to control it. ation, Ill return to China oten. I also welcome more Chinese enterprises to inest and set up actories in his most deeloped areas in China. It recently welcomed Chinas cashless payments are already beyond Chinese people to isit my country. country as the Belt and oad Initiatie is implemented. 53 students rom 31 deeloping countries to witness my imagination, exclaimed Bagus bimanyu rom We hae natural resources and China has capital, some o the driers behind Chinas deelopment as Indonesia. He also paid special attention to Chinas Belt and Road Opportunities he declared. part o a ield study o an international MB program inrastructure. I haent been to western and rural The Belt and oad Initiatie proposed by China in He said that the aordable labor and abundant raw o the MI. areas o China, but in the eastern and coastal places I 2013 has attracted participation rom many countries materials make Sudan an ideal place or Chinese compa- It has been ie years since the MI began enrolling hae isited, all the inrastructure has been well-deel- and international organizations. Hu saw a close relation- nies as they ace rising domestic costs and taris on international MB students rom deeloping countries. oped, not only bridges and roads, but also schools and ship between the initiatie and the economic growth exports. Sudan borders seeral rican countries. We With renowned politicians and economists rom around uniersities. o emerging markets. Thanks to his relentless eort, hae ree trade agreements with our neighbors. When the world deliering in-depth lectures on subjects such Instead o going back home ater graduation, the Belt and oad School o Beijing ormal niersity Chinese companies produce something in Sudan, the as goernance, economics and management as well as bimanyu wants to stay in China to work or a ew was established in 2018, with Hu as the executie dean. products will hae a big market. ield trips and strict schedules, the international MB years. China has a giant economy and most o the Hu reealed that new curriculum on the Belt and oad Bounnam Chittanaong hopes that the Belt and program has produced hundreds o excellent graduates. worlds leading companies hae branches in China, he Initiatie will be introduced next semester. oad Initiatie would help transorm his country, Laos, The program is designed to cultiate students who can explained. I want to get experience and knowledge that Students rom the MI are also inding the Belt and rom a landlocked country to a land-linked country. play a lead role upon returning to their home countries, I cannot get in my country. oad Initiatie creating opportunities in their home In this regard, the most important project between said Hu Biliang, dean o the MI. The Chinese are really hard-working people, countries. China and Laos under the Belt and oad Initiatie is a opined bimanyu. Many MI students were impressed Shonelle adia Clement worked or the Ministry high-speed railway that will stretch rom the border o Experience Possibilities by the diligence o Chinese people. o ducation o Grenada beore coming to China. She China and Laos to the Laotian capital. The trip to iaxing was only a snapshot o the things eng Mareng kuei jou rom South Sudan ound thinks her country should learn rom China in second- The project will create considerable beneits or MI students hae learned and seen in China. ter admiration or Chinese culture. Chinese people are ary school education. She is especially concerned about both countries, he predicted. Inrastructure on Laos spending 10 months in China, they hae all deeloped respectul, he stated. nd once you respect each other the agriculture o her country, which contributes a major side is ery poor and because o our many mountains, it uniue opinions about China and how the countrys you can do many things together. I will take back the share o the worlds nutmeg production. But the indus- is ery diicult to trael een rom my hometown in the experience might proide clues or the deelopment o modesty o the Chinese people to my country. He also try is ulnerable to constant natural disasters such as north to the capital city. When the railway is inished, their own countries. praised the patience o Chinese people, saying that they cyclones due to the countrys geographical location. She Chinese products can more easily be transported to Chinas eorts in orestry and horticulture won seldom rush to do things. When I went to a bank in hopes the Belt and oad Initiatie will help her country Laos. The project is also important or Laos to urther praise rom those students. It surprised me to discoer China, I was amazed that so many people were waiting introduce cutting-edge technologies to make its agricul- open up to China and other bordering countries. nd that this area (iaxing) is more beautiul than Beijing, in line without making noise. tural industry more resistant to natural disasters. the improed inrastructure will attract more inestment reealed Samuel Korsah, who supports planting more China now eels like my second home, he beamed. bdelmoneim hmed bdelwhab Mohmmed used and tourists to Laos.

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Land of the Lustrous Exhibition of Cultural April 23 – September 8, 2019 UCCA Dune, Beidaihe Relics Related to Emperor Yongzheng This exhibition, ramed around May 16 – August 16, 2019 Chinese mythology and legends Fengxian Museum, Shanghai about diine stones, eatures works by 10 artists rom China and beyond. ach piece relatesmaterially or ormallyto the igure o the stone, approaching the age-old object rom noel perspecties. The enue o the exhibition, CC une, is a uniue gallery buried under the sand o the Bohai seacoast. The exhibition area is connected by a series o caes and cell-like halls the only sources o light or the exhibition halls are skylights and the relectie surace o the white walls. The exhibition was speciically designed to work in this spatial structure. Green Screen by Wang Xiaoqu, oil on canvas, 60x80cm, 2018. Piedras Blancas by Miguel Angel Rios, video, 4’53”, 2014.

Xue Song: Phoenix Art from the Ashes Hu Wei: Formless May 18 – July 14, 2019 A poster for the exhibition of cultural relics related Long Museum West Bund, Shanghai Thingness to Emperor Yongzheng. May 10 – June 29, 2019 This exhibition traces Xue Songs artistic creation spanning Tang Contemporary Art, Beijing more than 30 years through the artists early collaged inscriptions This exhibition showcases more than This exhibition inoles more than as well as serial works including ialogue with Masters, History 40 mixed-media works and installations 120 cultural relics held by the Palace and eality, City and Youth, Traditional Landscape and Foam. by Chinese artist Hu Wei oer the past Museum in Beijing related to mperor Born in nhui Proince in 1965, Xue graduated rom Shanghai decade. With ink-and-wash, shell, silk, Yongzheng o the ing ynasty (1644- cademy o rama and now lies in Shanghai. His works connect cotton, linen and other materials, the 1911). The exhibits testiy to the personal the ast and the West, history and reality, tradition and moder- artist presents a contemporary astern lie and political achieements o the nity, orming a uniue artistic style. Many o his creations are held interpretation o igor, a concept rom emperor and include seals, clothes, by the Museum o Fine rts in Boston, niersity o Southern Chinese classical aesthetics. weapons and glasses as well as porcelain, Caliornia sia Paciic Museum, Bonn Museum o Modern rt, Born in Shandong Proince in 1957, enamel, jade, ink stones, incense burners ational rt Museum o China and other institutions. Hu graduated rom the Central cademy and other daily utensils. o Fine rts in 1982. He is now a proes- The exhibition also shines light on the sor at the academy and a doctoral tutor Grand Council, an important policy-mak- at the School o rts, enmin niersity ing body o the ing ynasty established o China. His works hae been exhib- by mperor Yongzheng in 1729. The estab- ited and collected in many countries and lishment o the Grand Council pushed regions. He oersaw the artistic concept monarchical power to unprecedented design or the opening ceremony o heights. lso on display are bed tables, Spectral Landscape by Xue Song, acrylic on canvas, Four Seasons—Spring, Summer, Calligraphy Imagery by Xue Song, acrylic A poster for the exhibition “Hu Wei: Beijing lympics and the exhibition candle stands and other objects used by collage, mixed media, 120x100cm, 2018. Autumn, Winter by Xue Song, acrylic on canvas, collage, mixed media, 2019. Formless Thingness.” on canvas, collage, mixed media, 2018. lympic Fine rts 2012 in London. mperor Yongzheng and his chancellors.

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