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Language Arts Standards Cluster 6-8 Page 1 of 18 6.1.3 Recognize the Origins and Meanings of Frequently Stars Were Brilliant Diamonds in the Night Sky

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Language Arts Standards Cluster 6-8 Page 1 of 18 6.1.3 Recognize the Origins and Meanings of Frequently Stars Were Brilliant Diamonds in the Night Sky Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Standard 1 – READING: Word Recognition, Fluency, and Standard 1 – READING: Word Recognition, Fluency, and Vocabulary Development Standard 1 – READING: Word Recognition, Fluency, and Vocabulary Development Vocabulary Development Students use their knowledge of word parts and word Students use their knowledge of word parts and word relationships, as well as context clues (the meaning of the Students use their knowledge of word parts and word relationships, as well as context clues (the meaning of the text around a word), to determine the meaning of specialized relationships, as well as context clues (the meaning of the text around a word), to determine the meaning of specialized vocabulary and to understand the precise meaning of grade- text around a word), to determine the meaning of specialized vocabulary and to understand the precise meaning of grade- level-appropriate words. vocabulary and to understand the precise meaning of grade- level-appropriate words. level-appropriate words. Concepts about Print Concepts about Print Concepts about Print Phonemic Awareness Phonemic Awareness Phonemic Awareness* Word Recognition Word Recognition Word Recognition 6.1.1 Read aloud grade-level-appropriate poems, narrative text (stories), and expository text (information) fluently and accurately and with appropriate timing, changes in voice, and expression. Vocabulary and Concept Development Vocabulary and Concept Development Vocabulary and Concept Development 6.1.2 Identify and interpret figurative language (including 7.1.1 Identify and understand idioms and comparisons, 8.1.1 Analyze idioms and comparisons, such as analogies, similes, comparisons that use like or as, and such as analogies, metaphors, and similes, in prose metaphors, and similes, to infer the literal and metaphors, implied comparisons) and words with and poetry. figurative meanings of phrases. multiple meanings • Idioms: expressions that cannot be understood • Idioms: expressions that cannot be understood Example: Understand the different meanings of the just by knowing the meanings of the words in the just by knowing the meanings of the words in the word primary when used in sentences, such as the expression, such as to be an old hand at something expression, such as to be an old hand at something following: Tom is a student at the local primary school. or to get one’s feet wet or to get one’s feet wet Betsy’s mother decided to run for a seat on the city council • Analogies: comparisons of the similar aspects of • Analogies: comparisons of the similar aspects of but lost in the primary election. Understand descriptive two different things two different things metaphors, such as The city lay under a blanket off fog. • Metaphors: implied comparisons, such as The • Metaphors: implied comparisons, such as The ADW Language Arts Standards Cluster 6-8 Page 1 of 18 6.1.3 Recognize the origins and meanings of frequently stars were brilliant diamonds in the night sky. stars were brilliant diamonds in the night sky. used foreign words in English and use these words • Similes: comparisons that use like or as, such as • Similes: comparisons that use like or as, such as accurately in speaking and writing. The stars were like a million diamonds in the sky. The stars were like a million diamonds in the sky. Example: Understand foreign words that are often 7.1.2 Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Anglo-Saxon 8.1.2 Understand the influence of historical events on used in English, such as enchilada (Spanish), lasagna roots and word parts to understand subject-area English word meaning and vocabulary expansion. (Italian), and delicatessen (German). vocabulary (science, social studies, and Example: Recognize how the early influences of mathematics). 6.1.4 Understand unknown words in informational texts by Spanish explorers in North America expanded using word, sentence, and paragraph clues to Example: Analyze the roots, prefixes, and suffixes to American English vocabulary, adding words such as determine meaning. understand words, such as microscope, microphone, tornado, tomato, and patio. and microbe. 6.1.5 Understand and explain slight differences in meaning 8.1.3 Verify the meaning of a word in its context, even when in related words. 7.1.3 Clarify word meanings through the use of definition, its meaning is not directly stated, through the use of Example: Explain the difference when someone is example, restatement, or through the use of contrast definition, restatement, example, comparison, or described as speaking softly and when someone is stated in the text. contrast. described as speaking quietly. Example: Use the text to clarify the meaning of the Example: Understand the meaning of pickle in a pickle Apply the pickle, an acid The pickle was an important part of word in the sentence sentence, such as solution, to the metal surface. metal working. Use a dictionary to help clarify the use of the word pickle in this context. ADW Language Arts Standards Cluster 6-8 Page 2 of 18 Standard 2 – READING: Reading Comprehension (Focus Standard 2 - READING: Reading Comprehension (Focus Standard 2 - READING: Reading Comprehension on Informational Materials) on Informational Materials) (Focus on Informational Materials) Students read and understand grade-level-appropriate Students read and understand grade-level-appropriate material. They describe and connect the essential ideas, material. They describe and connect the essential ideas, Students read and understand grade-level-appropriate arguments, and perspectives of the text by using their arguments, and perspectives of the text by using their material. They describe and connect the essential ideas, knowledge of text structure, organization, and purpose. At knowledge of text structure, organization, and purpose. At arguments, and perspectives of the text by using their Grade 8, in addition to regular classroom reading, students Grade 6, in addition to regular classroom reading, students knowledge of text structure, organization, and purpose. At read a variety of narrative (story) and expository read a variety of grade-level-appropriate narrative (story) and Grade 7, in addition to regular classroom reading, students (informational and technical) texts, including classic and expository (informational and technical) texts, including read a variety of grade-level-appropriate narrative (story) and contemporary literature, poetry, magazines, newspapers, classic and contemporary literature, poetry, magazines, expository (informational and technical) texts, including reference materials, and online information. newspapers, reference materials, and online information classic and contemporary literature, poetry, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, and online information. Structural Features of Informational and Technical Structural Features of Informational and Technical Structural Features of Informational and Technical Materials Materials Materials 6.2.1 Identify the structural features of popular media 7.2.1 Understand and analyze the differences in structure 8.2.1 Compare and contrast the features and elements of (newspapers, magazines, online information) and use and purpose between various categories of consumer materials to gain meaning from documents. the features to obtain information. informational materials (such as textbooks, Example: Compare examples of a variety of newspapers, and instructional or technical manuals). Example: Do a key-word search on the Internet to instructional or technical manuals, such as those for a find information for a research report. Use the section 7.2.2 Locate information by using a variety of consumer computer, hair appliance, camera, or electronic game, headers for a newspaper to locate information for a and public documents. brought to class by different students. Describe what report on current world events. features make certain instructions easier than others Example: Choose a radio or watch to purchase, to understand and follow. 6.2.2 Analyze text that uses a compare-and-contrast based on a Consumer Reports review of different radios organizational pattern. or watches. Then, compare advertisements from 8.2.2 Analyze text that uses proposition (statement of different stores to decide which store is offering the argument) and support patterns. Example: Read a section in an English textbook that best price. describes the difference between similes and Example: Read and analyze the organization of the metaphors. Evaluate how well the organization of the 7.2.3 Analyze text that uses the cause-and-effect “pro” and the “con” editorials on a topic of interest in text serves the reader’s comprehension. organizational pattern. USA Today. In each, decide if the argument is simply and clearly stated. Decide if there are at least three Example: Use a comparison chart, such as a T-chart, major points in support of the argument, with the to illustrate causes and effects. strongest argument given first. Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level- Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level- Comprehension and Analysis of Grade-Level- Appropriate Text Appropriate Text Appropriate Text ADW Language Arts Standards Cluster 6-8 Page 3 of 18 6.2.3 Connect and clarify main ideas by identifying their 7.2.4 Identify and trace the development of an author’s 8.2.3 Find similarities and differences between texts in the relationships to multiple sources and related topics. argument, point of view, or perspective in text. treatment, amount of coverage, or organization of ideas. Example: Read about another
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