52 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT IN THE PROFESSIONS, ETC., IN THE The Biographical Sketches which follow are a second in- stalment of the series begun in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK for 5664. The Sketches there published were of and Cantors officially connected with congregations in the United States. On pp. 214-225, will be found additions to the list of last year, designed to keep it up to date. It is intended to complete the series of Biographical Sketches in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK for 5666, in which an attempt will be made to present the biographical data of the men and women who are doing the communal work for the Jews of the United States. The present instalment does not deal with so unified a set of personages as the first dealt with and as the third is de- signed to deal with. It aims to bring together the names and biographical data of the Jews in the United States who have won a place in the professions, in the arts, the sciences, in journalism, in business, in public life. Only one class of pro- fessional men and women have been excluded from the present instalment, namely, those who have trained themselves to preside over Jewish charitable institutions; the superin- tendents and directors of the charities, the superintendents of orphan asylums and kindred institutions, the probation officers, the social settlement workers, etc. Their vocation is so closely allied to the activities that will constitute the ground for inclusion in the next instalment of sketchea BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 53 that it seemed proper to associate them with the communal workers whose leaders and guides they are. A number of cases, indeed, proved the scheme of classifi- cation adopted arbitrary. Many of the personages whose biographical data are presented below have put their attain- ments and their abilities in the service of the Jewish com- munity. On the other hand, a few of those addressed began their careers as professional men, but are now engaged entirely in the service of the community. Their biographies have therefore been reserved for the next instalment. A word as to the data given below. The list does not lay claim to completeness. That it is not even so complete as it might have been made with the co-operation of all persons addressed will appear from the circumstance that blanks and circulars were sent to over nine hundred persons, and only about 475 complied with the request for information. Among those not heard from were some whose biographical data are so well known that they have been compiled from various reference books and inserted-. An asterisk (*) marks in- formation not obtained directly from the subject of the sketch. The circular letters were first sent out in May, a month in which the summer travel to Europe had begun. This may in a measure account for the paucity of responses received from actors, musicians, painters, artists of all sorts. Like- wise army and navy men, in which the list is deficient, move from place to place so frequently and rapidly in the exercise of their profession that it is difficult to reach them within a given short time through their permanent address. These deductions, great as they are, do not cover the large number addressed and not heard from. Among them are, besides authors, editors, physicians, lawyers, engineers, and 54 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK representatives of many other professions and occupations. Over and above all this it must be admitted that if the editorial miracle had come to pass, and the co-operation of all persons addressed had been secured, the list would still have been incomplete, as any list the first of its kind must inevitably be.

Abarbanell, Jacob Ralph. Editor, Author. Born December 6, 1852, City. Son of Rudolph Abarbanell. Graduate College City of New York, A. B., B. S., 1872; Columbia Law School, LL. B., 1874. Married Cornelia L. Eaton. Practices law, New York. Member Medico-Legal Society, New York; Man- hattan Single Tax Club. Now editor New York Family Story Paper, and Golden Hours. Author: Flirtation, 1884; Monte Cristo and his Wife, 1885; Ma, 1888; The Rector's Secret, 1892; serials published under pen name "Ralph Royal." Plays: My Father's Will, 1881; A Model Pair, 1882; All on Account of a Bracelet, 1883; Haydee, Countess of Monte Cristo, 1902; Ma, 1902. Trans- lations: novels of Alphonse Daudet, Octave Feuillet, Henri Gre- ville, Boisgobey; short stories from French and German. Resi- dence: Coney Island. Office: 24 Vandewater, New York. Abrams, Albert. Physician. Born December 8, 1863, San Fran- cisco, Cal. Son of Marcus Abrams and Rachael Levey. A. M., Portland University; M. D., University of Heidelberg; pursued post-graduate courses in (F. R. M. S.), , , and . Married Jeanne Irma Roth. Professor of Pathology and director Medical Clinic, Cooper Medical College; president Emanu- El Sisterhood Polyclinic, San Francisco; trustee National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives, Denver, and consulting physician to the same institution. One of the original investigators of Helio- therapy and Psychotherapy; discoverer of the Heart and Lung Reflexes of Abrams, and numerous other organ reflexes bearing the same name. Author: Synopsis of Morbid Renal Secretions; Manual of Clinical Diagnosis; Consumption, Causes and Preven- tion; The Antiseptic Club; Scattered Leaves of a Physician's Diary; Diseases of the Heart; Nervous Breakdown; Hygiene, in a System of Physiologic Therapeutics; The Blues, Causes and Cure; and various contributions to medical journals. Address: 1519 Van Ness Av., San Francisco, Cal.

"Addison, Victoria." flee Peixotto, Victoria Maud. Adler, Cyrus. Librarian Smithsonian Institution, Honorary Curator Historic Religions, and Custodian Historic Archaeology, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 55

United States National Museum. Born September 13, 1863, Van Buren, Ark. Son of and Sarah Sulzberger. Edu- cated Hebrew Education Society's School, and public schools, Phil- adelphia; B. A., 1878, Central High School, ; B. A., 1883; M. A., 1886, University of ; Ph.D., 1887, Johns Hopkins University. Fellow, instructor, and associate Semitic languages, Johns Hopkins University, 1887-1892. President board of directors Jewish Theological Seminary of America; president American Jewish Historical Society; trustee Gratz College, Phila- delphia; trustee, and member Publication Committee, Jewish Publication Society of America; member Council American Insti- of Archaeology; formerly vice-president Philosophical Society, and Anthropological Society, Washington; representative World's Columbian Exposition to Turkey, Egypt, Tunis, Algiers, and Morocco; representative United States Government to Interna- tional Catalogue of Scientific Literature, London, and member of executive committee of Catalogue; member American Philosoph- ical Society, Washington Academy of Sciences, American Oriental Society, and many other learned bodies. Editor: The American Jewish Year Book; The Voice of America on Kishineff; and the so-called " Jefferson ." Author: Told in the Coffee House (with Allan Ramsay); many papers on philological, archaeo- logical, and American Jewish historical subjects, in the publica- tions of the United States National Museum, of various learned societies, and in scientific periodicals. One of the Editors of . Address: Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D. C. *Adler, Felix. Educator, Lecturer. Born August 13, 1851, Alzey, . Son of S. Adler. Graduate, 1870, Colum- bia University. Studied at Berlin (Ph.D.). Professor Hebrew and Oriental Literature, Cornell University, 1874-1876; estab- lished, 1876, New York Society for Ethical Culture, of which he is now the lecturer. Professor political and social ethics Colum- bia University. Member editorial board International Journal of Ethics. Author: Creed and Deed; The Moral Instruction of Chil- dren, etc. Address: 123 East 60th, New York. *Adler, Jacob P. Actor. Born January 1, 1855, Odessa, . Made his first appearance at the theatre in Cherson, Russia, 1878. Emigrated to London, 1883, because the Russian government pro- hibited Jewish plays. Removed to New York, 1888, and became one of the leading actors on the Jewish stage. Appeared with an English company of actors, he playing the title-role in Shakes- pearean plays in Yiddish. Address: Grand Theatre, New York. Alan Dale. See Cohen, Alfred J. 56 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

*Alschuler, Samuel. Lawyer. Born November 20, 1859, Chicago, 111. Son of Jacob Alschuler. Educated in Aurora, 111., high school. Was clerk in general store two years; studied law in office in Aurora; admitted to bar, 1881; Democratic can- didate for Congress, 1892; defeated. Member of State Commis- sion of Claims, 1893-1896; of legislature, 1896-1900; Democratic candidate for governor of Illinois, 1900; defeated. Member law firm Kraus, Alschuler, and Holden, since 1901. Residence: Aurora, 111. Office: Tribune Bldg., Chicago. *Altman, Benjamin. Proprietor department store, B. Altman and Company. Director Bank of the Metropolis; trustee Garfield Safe Deposit Company. Address: 25 Madison Av., New York. Altman, Rebecca Annetta. Writer. Born December 16, 1880, Gilnitz, Polish Lithuania. Daughter of Joseph Jacob Altman and Leah Oberschmieds. Educated by private tutors, special attention being paid to Hebrew. Other studies pursued at Steubenville, O., high school. Has written essays, poems, sketches, and transla- tions from the German, Hebrew, and Yiddish, for The American Jewish press, the Steubenville Herald, and other papers; also sev- eral Hebrew articles in Ha-Ibri, 1895, 1896, and 1897. Address: 238 South Fifth, Steubenville, . Altmann, Aaron. Assistant Professor of Sketching and Per- spective at California School of Design, Mark Hopkins Institute of Art of the University of California. Born October 28, 1872, San Francisco, Cal. Son of Jacob Altmann and Dora Posner. Grad- uate San Francisco public schools and Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts, Paris, . Received William Alvord Medal at Cali- fornia School of Design, 1890. Two pictures accepted at Paris Salon, 1896. Appointed member Board of Park Commissioners, City and County of San Francisco, 1902. Address: 1017 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal. Amram, David Werner. Lawyer, 1889, and Referee in Bank- ruptcy, 1903, United States District Court Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Born May 16, 1866, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Werner David Amram and Esther Hammerschlag. Educated in public schools, and Rugby Academy, Philadelphia; A. B., 1887; LL. B., 1889; A. M., 1890, University of Pennsylvania. Married Beulah Brylawski. President and honorary member board of directors Young Men's Hebrew Association; director Hebrew Education Society, Jewish Maternity Association, and Congre- gation Mickve ; trustee and secretary Gratz College; mem- ber Law Academy; Medical Jurisprudence Society; Pennsylvania State Bar Association; Grand Lodge Pennsylvania Masons; Phari- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 57 sees; and member Publication Committee Jewish Publication Society of America, 1897-1901. Author: The Jewish Law of Divorce, 1896; Leading Cases in Biblical Law (in press). Writer of legal articles in Jewish Encyclopedia; A Lawyer's Studies in Jewish Law, being sixteen articles published serially in The Green Bag, Boston. Address: 1717 North 8th, Philadelphia, Pa. Anspacher, Louis Kaufman. Lecturer, Author, and Dramatist. Born March 1, 1878, , O. Son of Leopold Henry Ans- pacher and Rosa Kaufman. Educated in New York public schools; A. B., 1897, College City of New York; studied at Columbia Law School, and pursued post-graduate course in School of Philosophy, (A.M., 1902; LL. B., 1903). Lecturer in phil- osophy in " Mind " Summer School, and teacher in evening schools . Contributed articles to magazines. Author: Tristan and Isolde, a Poetical Drama; Anna and the Archduke John, a Drama (in press). Address: 3 West 122d, New York City. Apotheker, David. Notary Public, and Real Estate and Insur- ance Broker. Born August 28, 1855, Ponievezhgov, Government Kovno, Russia. Studied at Wilkomir, 1868, under M. L. Lilien- blum. Arrested, 1877, at Kiev, for Nihilist agitation; escaped to Czernowitz, . Married Celia Shulman. Emigrated to the United States, 1888. Editor: Die Gegenwart, a Yiddish weekly, 1895. Author: Ha-Nebel, a book of Hebrew and Yiddish poems, 1882. Contributor to Hebrew and Yiddish papers. Address: 528 South 4th, Philadelphia, Pa. *Appel, Aaron H. Major Surgeon, . Born April 3, 1856, Pennsylvania. A. B., 1874, Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D.; 1878, Jefferson Medical College. Appointed assistant surgeon, 1879; captain assistant surgeon, 1884; major surgeon, 1897. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. *Appel, Daniel M. Major Surgeon, United States Army. Born October 28, 1854, Pennsylvania. A. B., 1872; A.M., 1877, Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1875, Jefferson Medical Col- lege. Appointed assistant surgeon, 1876; captain assistant sur- geon, 1881; major surgeon, 1895. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. Aronson, Maurice. Pianist, Writer, Critic. Born June 24, 1869, Mitau, Courland, Russia. Son of Herman Aronson and Anette Levit. Graduate Mitau Gymnasium, 1885; Ecole Polytechnique, Riga, 1886; pursued courses of study in St. Petersburg, Riga, and 58 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Berlin. First studied chemistry, then music. Came to the United States, 1888, going to the South as conductor, pianist, and organ- ist; removed to Chicago, 1896. Member Piano Faculty Chicago Conservatory of Music and Dramatic Art, 1896-1900. Founder and director Maurice Aronson Studios for the Art of Piano Playing, 1900-1903. Called to Berlin, 1903, as chief assistant of Leopold Godowsky. Author: Symphony and Symphonic Poem, 1897; Schumann's Song Cycles, 1897; Robert Franz in his Relation to Music and its Masters, 1897; (in commemoration of the one hundredth Anniversary of his Birth), 1897; The Poles in Music, 1898, and articles in musical journals. Address: Geis- berg Strasse 31, Berlin, Germany. •Aronson, Rudolph. Theatrical Manager; Musical Composer. Now manager Bijou Theatre, New York; projector and builder Metropolitan Concert Hall (site of present Broadway Theatre); also projector and builder Casino (with first roof garden in America). Composer of more than 150 pieces for orchestra, in- cluding the famous Sweet Sixteen waltz. Residence: 144 West 94th. Office: 1123 Broadway, New York. Austrian, Ben. Artist. Born November 22, 1870, Reading, Pa. Son of Raphael Austrian and Fannie Elizabeth Dreifoos. Educated at Reading public schools. Began career as clerk and travelling salesman. Self-taught as a painter. Began to paint at age of nine. Works: Temptations, After the Race, A Day's Hunt, The Intruder, A Golden Harvest, After a South Wind, His Majesty the , Motherhood, Love's Nest, The Home of Love, Die Mutterliebe. Address: 1252 Perkiomen Av., Reading, Pa. *Bamberger, Raymond S. Second Lieutenant, United States Army. Born October 29, 1877, Kentucky. A. B., 1895, Male High School, Louisville, Ky. Was private and acting hospital steward, Hospital Corps, 1898-1900; appointed private and hospital stew- ard, Hospital Corps, 1901; second lieutenant, 7th Regiment Cav- alry, 1901. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. Barondess, Joseph. Insurance Broker. Born July 3, 1867, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of Judah Samuel Barondess and Feiga Goldman. Educated in the Cheder. Married Anna Zisels. Came to America at age of eighteen. Laborer in Brooklyn sugar refinery; worked in sweat shop as tailor; in "Paris Green" factory; and on a farm. Leader of Cloak Makers Union of 16,000 members, chiefly Jews. Organizer of International Ladies Garment Workers Union, American Federation of Labor. Leader BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 59 of Union workmen locked out of Abraham Popkin's Cloak and Suit factory. Charged with extortion on the successful end of the lock-out; found guilty by a jury; the judgment reversed by the Supreme Court; for technical reasons the judgment of the first court sustained by New York State Court of Appeals; declared morally innocent of charge by the District Attorney who had car- ried the case to the Court of Appeals; and pardoned by Governor Flower. Twice candidate on Socialist party ticket for Assembly in the Twelfth Assembly District, New York. Subject of Edward King's "Joseph Zalmonah." Editor: The Free Press (Labor Paper), 1894; The Union Zeitung (Jewish Trades Union paper, published first as a bi-monthly, then as a weekly, by the Cloak Makers Union), 1894; Labor Department of Forward, Jew- ish daily and weekly. Has written numerous articles for the Jewish press. Address: 6 Rutgers, New York. Barthold, Manuel. Artist. Born September 9, 1874, Russia. Son of Morris Barthold and Sarah Schneider. Educated in New York and Paris. Awarded a first Elliot Medal by National Academy of Design, New York, 1894, and a DeuxiSme Medaille, H. C, by the Salon des Artistes Frangais, Paris, 1904. Works: Les Deux Amis; Une petite Hollandaise, both exhibited in Paris, 1904. Address: 89, rue Deupert-Rochereau, Paris, France. Baruch, Emanuel. Physician. Born February 22, 1868, New York City. Son of Myron Baruch and Elizabeth Fournier. Father and grandfather distinguished physicians, the latter also burgo- master of Arolsen, Waldeck-Pyrmont. Graduate University of Wurtemberg, 1887; Columbia University, 1889; pursued courses at the Universities of Berlin and . Professor of Bacteriol- ogy and Pathology, Flower Hospital and Medical College; of Bacteriology and Therapeutics, Metropolitan Post-Graduate Col- lege, New York City. Member of many scientific societies. Author: On the Aetiology and Therapy of Diphtheria; On the Aetiology of Cancer; Serotherapy; The Treatment of Chronic Disease; The Bacteriological Diagnosis and Therapy of Typhoid Fever; Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis; etc. Address: 57 East 77th, New York. Baruch, Simon. Physician. Born July 29, 1840, Schwersenz, Germany. Son of Bernhard Baruch and Teresa Greer. Educated at Gymnasium, Posen. M. D., 1862, Medical College of Virginia. Married Belle Wolfe. Surgeon for three years in Army of North- ern Virginia under General Lee; practiced medicine for fifteen years in Camden, S. C; president South Carolina Medical So- ciety, 1873; chairman State Board of Health, South Carolina, 60 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

1880; physician, 1883-1884, and gynaecologist, 1884-1887, to North- eastern Dispensary, New York; chairman Committee on Public Health, New York County Medical Society, 1890. Now professor of Hydrotherapeutics New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital; visiting physician Hood-Wright Hospital (formerly Manhattan General); consulting physician Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids. Advocate of methodical use of physiological remedies, such as diet, rest, exercise, and baths. His agitation for the introduction of free public cleansing baths resulted in their establishment in New York, Buffalo, Syracuse, Rochester, and Chicago. Author: The Uses of Water in Modern Medicine; The Principles and Practice of Hydrotherapy (both works published in Germany, the second also in Sweden). Address: Hotel Ma- jestic, New York. Belasco, David. Sole Manager Belasco Theatre; Playwright. Born July 25, 1859, San Francisco, Cal. Son of A. Belasco and Reina Martin. Educated in Lincoln College, Cal. Married Cecilia Loverich. Stage manager Baldwin Theatre, San Francisco, 1878; Madison Square Theatre, New York, 1880, and Lyceum Theatre, New York, 1885. Wrote first play, acted by himself and boy friends, at age of fourteen. Came East in 1880. Author: May Blossom; La Belle Russe; Hearts of Oak; Valerie; The Heart of ; Zaza; Du Barry; Sweet Kitty Bellairs; in collaboration with H. C. DeMille: Lord Chumley; The Wife; The Charity Ball; Men and Women; with Franklin Fyles: The Girl I Left Behind Me; with John Luther Long: Mme. Butterfly; The Dar- ling of the Gods. Address: Belasco Theatre, New York. *Bendix, Max. Violinist, Conductor. Born March 28, 1866, Detroit, Mich. Educated at Detroit. Studied the violin and in 1885 became concert-master in Van der Stucken's orchestra, New York; concert-master of the Theodore Thomas orchestra, 1886- 1896; assistant conductor, 1891-1896. Conducted orchestral con- certs for six weeks at Chicago, 1892; was assistant conductor and, after Mr. Thomas' resignation, sole conductor Exposition Orches- tra of 114 selected artists at World's Columbian Exposition. Organized and for several seasons directed the Max Bendix String Quartette. Since 1896 devoted exclusively to solo playing and teaching. Address: 489 Fifth Av., New York.

Benjaminson, Abraham L. Mohel and Hebrew Author. Born 1884, in Russia. Son of Moses Benjaminson and Rashe Brody. Educated in Russia and Germany. Married Rachel Herman. Author: War in Peace (against Christian missionaries), 1898; The Valley of Jehoshaphat (on Jewish sects); The Observer BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 61

(a study of the Jewish problem). Dramas: The Valley of Appli- cation; The Treason of Absalom (both unpublished). Address: 405 Grand, New York.

Benoliel, Solomon D. Electro-chemist. Born June 1, 1874, New York City. Son of David J. Benoliel and Pauline Wasser- mann. Graduate New York public schools, 1888; scientific course College City of New York, B. S., 1893; School of Mines, Columbia University, Electr. Eng., 1896; School of Pure Science, Columbia University, A. M., 1896. Married Therese Lindeman. Consulting electrical engineer and chemist, 1896-1897; instructor electricity and chemistry Adelphi College, Brooklyn, 1897-1901; electro- chemist, since 1901, and general manager Roberts Chemical Company. Lecturer Board of Education, New York and Brook- lyn, 1898-1901; Brooklyn Institute Arts and Sciences, 1900-1901. Member American Electro-chemical Society, and Alumni Asso- ciation School of Applied Science, Columbia University; associate member American Institute Electrical Engineers. Perfected new process for production of caustic potash and chemically pure hydrochloric acid. Writes for scientific magazines. Address: Roberts Chemical Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y.

Berenson, Bernhard. Writer on art. Born June 26, 1865, Wilna, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Albert Berenson and Judith Michliszanski. Graduate Boston Grammar and Latin School; (A. B., 1887). Married Mary Whitall Pearsall Smith. Author: Venetian Painters of Renaissance; Florentine Painters of Renaissance; Central Italian Painters of Renaissance; Lorenzo Lotto, an Essay in Constructive Art Criticism; Study and Criticism of Italian Art (first and second series); The Draw- ings of the Florentine Painters. Address: 1 Tatti, Settignano, Florence, .

Berliner, Emile. Inventor. Born May 20, 1851, Hanover, Ger- many. Son of Samuel Berliner and Sally Friedman. Graduate common schools, Hanover, and Samson School, Wolfenbiittel. Married Cora Adler. Chief Instrument Inspector Bell Telephone Company, 1879-1882. Inventor of loose contact telephone trans- mitter, 1877; and of gramophone, first talking machine to utilize a groove of even depth, and in which the record not only vibrates but also propels the reproducing stylus, 1887. First to apply induction coil to telephony; discovered "receiving action" of loose contacts. At work at the flying machine problem. Author: Conclusions, 1899. Address: 1458 Columbia Road, Washington, D. C. 62 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Berliner, Solomon. United States Consul. Born October 6, 1856, New York City. Son of Julius Berliner and Julia Salomon. Educated New York public schools, and at Neuwied am Rhein. Married Jennie Ottenberg. Address: Teneriffe, Canary Islands. Bernard, Samuel. Actor. Born July 3, 1863, Birmingham, . Son of Benjamin Bernard. Educated in New York City. Stage manager, comedian, now star. Address: 61 West 73d, New York. •Bernstein, Bernard. Actor. Born 1861, , Russia. Sang in chorus of the Polish Opera in Warsaw, and appeared as a comedian, 1882, in Goldfaden's comedy, Die Zauberin. Played in several Jewish theatres in Russia; when the Jewish theatre was forbidden there, 1883, he went to Galicia, Austria, and then to Roumania, where he played various roles, usually comic. Was engaged by Pool's Theatre, New York, 1892. Especially success- ful in role of Shamai in The Jewish King Lear, by J. Gordin. Address: Grand Theatre, New York. Bernstein, Herman. Author. Born September 21, 1876, Scher- windt, . Son of David Bernstein and Maria Elson. Edu- cated in Russia and United States. Married Sophie Friedman. Lived in Moghilev. Russia, twelve years; came to New York, 1893. Author: In the Gates of Israel, Stories of the Jews; Contrite Hearts. Translator: Maxime Gorky's Foma Gordeyev; Anton Chekhov's stories. Address: Uncasville, Conn. Bernstein, Saul. Artist. Born 1872, Posvol, Kovno, Russia. Son of Wolf Bernstein and Esther Shalowitz. stu- dent until age of sixteen; came to America, 1888; peddler and storekeeper, West Virginia, until 1S94; began to study art, 1895. Graduate Maryland Institute, Baltimore, Class A Medal, 1895; Decorative Art Society prize, Baltimore, 1896; studied in Paris and Holland, 1898-1901; admitted to Paris Salon, 1902. Studied Jewish life in Galicia, 1902. Married Malco S. Abel, August, 1903. Works: Evening Chat; A Good Housekeeper; A Chapter in an old Tradition; Sabbath Afternoon; Mordecai the Tailor, modelled head of a Galician Jew; portraits. Author: Hints on Art (manu- script). Address: 727 W. Fayette, Baltimore, Md. Bettmann, Bernhard. Collector Internal Revenue at Cincin- nati since 1897. Born August 2, 1834, Weidnitz, Bavaria. Son of Jacob Bettmann and Jeannette Kann. Educated in Germany. Married Mathilde Wald. President Board of Governors Hebrew Union College since 1875; United Jewish Charities, Cincinnati, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 63

1896-1903; Standard Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; treas- urer Congregation Bnai Jeshurun since 1884. Member Executive Board Union American Hebrew Congregations since 1873; Board Talmid Yelodim Institute for twenty-two years; Board of Educa- tion, Cincinnati, for fourteen years; director Ohio Valley National Bank since 1886; master Masonic Lodge. Author: German Ritual for Masonic Lodges. Has written poems published in Die Gartenlaube, , and other papers; orations, and speeches. Address: 858 Lexington Av., Avondale, Cincinnati, O. Bettman, Henry Wald. Physician. Born January 14, 1868, Cincinnati, O. Son of Bernhard Bettmann and Mathilde Wald. Educated at Cincinnati, Berlin, Prague, and Vienna. B. L., 1888, ; M. D., 1890, Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. Pathologist City Hospital, Cincinnati, 1896-1904. Was professor of Medicine Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery (no longer holds sessions). Has contributed numerous articles to the medical journals. Residence: 3593 Bogart Av. Office: Groton Building, Seventh and Race, Cincinnati, O. Bien, Julius. President Julius Bien and Company; Artist Litho- grapher. Born September 27, 1826, Hesse-Cassel, Germany. Son of Emanuel M. Bien and Esther Lithauer. Educated at Teachers' Seminary, and Academy of Fine Arts, Cassel; Stadel's Insti- tute, and Studio of Professor Moritz Oppenheim, Frankfort on the Main. Married Almira M. Brown. Was president Independ- ent Order B'nai B'rith for thirty-five years. Now Chancellor of Foreign Affairs, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; president National Lithographers Association; member Academy of Science, New York, and many other learned bodies. Medals awarded: Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876; Paris Exposition, 1878 (two medals); World's Exposition, Chicago, 1893 (medal and diploma); Paris Exposition, 1900 (one gold and one silver medal). Works: American Locomotives and Railroads, 1852; Yosemite Book, Sun Pictures of the Rocky Mountains; Statistical Atlases of the United States; Geological Survey Maps of California, , ; U. S. Geological Survey; Coast and Geodetic Survey; Atlas of the Rebellion Record; Atlas of the States of New York, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire; many State and city maps. Address: 140-142 Sixth Av., New York.

Bien, Morris. Engineer, since 1902 in charge Reclamation Ser- vice, United States Geological Survey. Born April 17, 1859, New York City. Son of Joseph Bien and Therese Leipoldt. Educated in San Francisco public schools. Ph. B., 1879, University of Cali- fornia; LL. B., 1895, Columbian (now George Washington) Uni- versity, Washington, D. C; LL. M., 1896, National University, 64 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Washington, D. C. Married Lilla V. Hart. Topographer United States Geological Survey, 1879-1893; in charge of Irrigation and Railroad Right of Way Section, United States General Land Office, 1893-1902; in charge of topographic surveys western half of Vir- ginia, 1882-1888; in charge of special survey Aspen Mining Dis- trict, Colorado. Served on special surveys of mining districts, Eureka, Nev., and Leadville, Colo.; conducted special irrigation in- vestigations in Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana, and North Da- kota. Author of reports on federal legislation; drafted acts of Congress relative to irrigation and right of way matters; pre- pared legal discussions on irrigation, water rights, State and federal legislation, several of which were published in magazines and official publications. Address: United States Geological Sur- vey, Washington, D. C. Bienenfeld, Abel Morris. Division Engineer, San Pedro, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake Railroad. Born January 21, 1873, San Francisco, Cal. Son of Elias Bienenfeld and Bertha Kunreuther. Educated at San Francisco, Cal. Was assistant engineer South- ern Pacific Company, and during Spanish-American War assistant in Naval Construction Department, United States Navy, at Mare Island, Cal. Immediately preceding and during Spanish-American War was engaged in reconstruction, at Mare Island, Cal., of war- ships subsequently used by Admiral Dewey at Manila. Engaged in the location and construction of railroads in California, Ari- zona, New Mexico, and for the past twelve years except during time of Spanish-American War. Now located at Daggett, Cal. Address: 2158 Pine, San Francisco, Cal. Bienenfeld, Bernard. Consulting Engineer. Born December 11, 1861, New York City. Son of Elias Bienenfeld ( a descendant of R. Moses Isserles) and Bertha Kunreuther (granddaughter of R. Hirsch Kunreuther of Gelnhausen). Educated at San Fran- cisco. Ph. B., 1882, University of California. Graduate College of Civil Engineering. Late member California Committee As- phalt Company of America; Engineer Commission on Appraise- ment of the Kern River Oil Field, which resulted in the forma- tion of the Associated Oil Company; president and engineer Standard Asphalt Company; and was associated in control of Franklin Oil Company, Pacific Asphalt Company, Alcatraz Com- pany, American Oil and Asphalt Company; formerly assistant engineer Southern Pacific Company, and engineer Pacific Im- provement Company. Member American Society of Civil Engi- neers. Engaged, 1882-1893, in pioneer location and construction of railroads in Oregon, California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas; discovered, 1893, in Kern Co., Cal., purest vein of asphalt BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 65 then known; designed masonry bridge across Napa River, Cal., 1894; engaged in developing California asphalt interests, 1893- 1900; inaugurated the laying of California asphalt street pave- ments in New York City, 1897; engaged, since 1900, in the exami- nation and exploitation of petroleum deposits of Pacific coast and Alaska. Address: 2158 Pine, San Francisco, Cal. Bijur, Nathan. Lawyer. Born June 1, 1862, New York City. Son of Asher Bijur and Pauline Sondheim. Educated at Dr. Julius Sachs's School, New York. Ph. B., 1881; LL. B., 1882; Ph. D., 1883, Columbia University. Married Lilly Pronick. Trus- tee Baron de Hirsch Fund; vice-president United Hebrew Chari- ties, New York; member commission appointed by Mayor Low to investigate riot at funeral of Rabbi Joseph. Special law practice: corporations, re-organizations. Frequent contributor to editorial columns of daily press. Office: 34 Nassau. Residence: 172 West 75th, New York. Bloch, Clement. Physician. Born November 17, 1865, Szaky, Russian . Son of Abraham Jacob Bloch and Hannah Frida Heshinovitz. Educated at Konigsberg, Prussia. Graduate Kneip- hof Gymnasium, 1884. M. D., 1890, University of Konigsberg. Removed from Poland to Konigsberg, 1873; denied naturalization rights on account of anti-Semitic prejudices; came to America, 1890. Married Lizzie Maud Dreyfus. Senior resident physician Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, 1890-1895; instructor New York Polyclinic, 1893-1900; physician in Throat and Ear Depart- ment Mt. Sinai Hospital, 1895-1897; and to New York City Board of Health, 1896-1902. Address: 68 West 117th, New York. Block, Morris. Mayor of City of Kingston, New York. Born November 6, 1862, Kingston. Son of Marx Block and Henrietta Fogle. Educated at Kingston. Has been county supervisor, alder- man, first president Board of Aldermen, city treasurer, and has served two terms as Mayor. Address: 29 Abruyn, Kingston, New York. Bloomfield, Fannie. See Zeisler, Fannie Bloomfield. *Bloomfield, Maurice. Professor Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Johns Hopkins University. Born February 23, 1855, Bielitz, Austria. A.M., 1877, Furman University, S. C; Ph.D., 1879, Johns Hopkins University; LL. D., 1896, Princeton Univer- sity. Married Rose Zeisler. Edited for first time from original Sanskrit manuscripts the Sutra of Kaugika; translated the Atharva-Veda in the Sacred Books of the East (edited by Max 66 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Miiller); author of The Atharva-Veda and the Gopatha-Brah- mana, 1899; edited, with Richard Garbe, the Kashmirian Paip- palada-Veda, 1901. Contributor to numerous learned journals and reviews on subjects connected with history, religion, mythology, and literature of ancient India; on Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, and comparative grammar; on ethnology and science of religions. Member German Oriental Society; American Oriental Society; American Philological Association; honorary member Royal Bohe- mian Society, Prague. Address: 861 Park Av., Baltimore, Md. Bloomgarden, Sol. Merchant. Born April, 1870, Wirballen, Lithuania. Son of Caleb Bloomgarden. Educated for the rab- binate; self-taught in secular subjects. Came to New York, 1892; went to Colorado on account of ill-health, 1899. Writes Yiddish verses under nom de plume " Yehoash." Early verses published in Perez's Juedisch Bibliotheca. Has written some English verses. Address: 722 Twenty-fourth, Denver, Colo. Bloomingdale, Charles, Jr. (nom de plume, "Karl"). Adver- tising Manager Welsbach Company; Author. Born March 16, 1868, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Charles Bloomingdale and Caro- line Cadette Elfelt. Graduate Philadelphia private schools, pub- lic schools, high school, University of Pennsylvania (1887). Mar- ried Katherine Fleck. Editor and owner: Music and Drama; Footlights; Stageland. Was department editor "Up the Street and down again," Philadelphia Press, and dramatic editor of various Philadelphia papers. Writer of short stories, sketches, and society verse. Wrote libretto of a travesty on comic opera, The Sighing Dutchman, produced at the Mercantile Club, Phila- delphia, 1903. Author: Mr., Miss and Mrs., 1899; A Failure, 1904. Address: 210 South 11th, Philadelphia. Bloomingdale, Emanuel Watson. Merchant. Born November 25, 1852, Rome, New York. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale and Hannah Weil. LL. B., 1877, Columbia University. Married Janu- ary 3, 1877, Adele Bernheimer. Republican presidential elector, 1900; trustee National McKinley Memorial Association; manager Society for Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents; president Re- tail Dry Goods Association; director Jewish Protectory, New York Address: 42 West 69th, New York.

Bloomingdale, Joseph B. Retired Merchant. Born December 22, 1842, New York City. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale and Hannah Weil. Educated New York public schools. Married Clara Koffman. Vice-president Hebrew Technical Institute; United States Savings Bank. Address: 78 Fifth Av., New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 67

Bloomingdale, Lyman G. Merchant. Born February 11, 1841, New York City. Son of Benjamin Bloomingdale and Hannah Weil. Educated at New York public schools and Smith's Colle- giate Institute. Married Hattie Collenberger. Treasurer Monte- flore Home for Chronic Invalids, and Temple Beth-El; ex-presi- dent Isaiah Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; and Excel- sior Lodge, Kesher Shel Barzel. Member Chamber of Commerce; Lafayette Post; educational, charitable, and civic institutions; president and director Walters Piano Company, and Arcade Realty Company; director Hudson Oil Company, and Vulcan Detinning Company. Patron Metropolitan Museum of Art. A founder of Monteflore Home Country Sanitarium for Consumptives at Bed- ford Station, N. Y. Served in Civil War as non-commissioned officer in Kansas Volunteers. Address: Third Av. and 59th, New York. Blumenberg, Louis. Violoncello Soloist. Born Baltimore, Md. Son of Julius J. Blumenberg and Fanny Baer. Educated at Balti- more. Has travelled extensively, giving concerts in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and also in parts of Europe. Address: St. James Building, New York. Blumenberg, Marc A. Editor-in-chief Musical Courier of New York. Born May 21, 1851, Baltimore, Md. Son of Julius J. Blumenberg and Fanny Baer. Graduate public schools, and Loyola College, Baltimore. Studied musical literature and art in Europe. Married Ruth Bailhache. President Blumenberg Press. Was musical critic of Baltimore American. Has written articles and essays on musical subjects. Expert in acoustics, construction, evolution and tradition of old and modern musical instruments. Musical Courier, and Blumenberg Press received Grand Prix, Paris Exposition, 1900, for artistic and literary productions. Address: 1135 Broadway, New York. Blumenthal, Mark. Physician. Born July 11, 1831, Altenstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Son of Lawrence Blumenthal and Rebecka Mayer. Educated at Academy, Chambersburg, Pa.; Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1852, College of Physicians and Sur- geons, New York University. Married Selina Asch (deceased). Was assistant physician Blackwell's Island Hospital (1852); deputy coroner New York City (1853); physician Mt. Sinai Hos- pital (1855-1859); Northeastern Dispensary; Institute for Deaf Mutes; surgeon New York State National Guard; consulting phy- sician Home for the Aged; member and officer New York Academy of Medicine; president Physicians' Mutual Aid, Northwestern Medical and Surgical Society, The Medical Union, and for twelve 68 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK years of Institute for Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes; trustee and president of medical board United Hebrew Charities; trustee Congregation Shearith Israel; etc. Contributed papers to medical journals. Address: 123 West 87th, New York. Blumenthal, Maurice B. Lawyer. Born 1870, New York City. Son of Benjamin Blumenthal and grandson of Simon Blumen- thal, first Rabbi Congregation Rodeph Shalom. Educated in New York City public schools, College City of New York, and New York University. Was for some years editor of the Literary Review; admitted to bar, 1891. Organized, 1895, and still presides over the speakers' bureau, permanent auxiliary of Executive Committee. Repeatedly delegate to county and State conventions of Democratic party; was one of the candidates for Presidential elector, 1896; appointed assistant district attorney, 1898; deputy attorney general New York State, 1903. Address: 35 Nassau, New York City. Boas, Franz. Anthropologist. Born July 9, 1858, Minden, West- phalia. Studied at Universities of Heidelberg and Bonn; Ph.D., 1891, Kiel. Spent the year 1882 at Berlin, preparing for arctic voyage; sailed to Cumberland Sound, Baffin's Land, 1883; travelled there until 1884; wrote results of voyage and studied, at National Museum, Washington, 1884-1885; assistant Royal Ethnographical Museum, Berlin, and docent of geography University of Berlin, 1885-1886; went to British Columbia to study Indians and carried on investigations in that area for British Association for the Advancement of Science, and after 1897 for American Museum of Natural History, New York; directed operations and publica- tions, Jesup North Pacific expedition; assistant editor Science, 1886-1888; docent of anthropology Clark University, 1888-1892; chief assistant Department of Anthropology, World's Columbian Exposition; lecturer, 1895, professor, 1898, anthropology, Colum- bia University; assistant curator, 1896, curator, 1901, Department Anthropology, American Museum Natural History. Member National Academy of Science; fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science; corresponding member Anthropo- logical Societies of Berlin, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Vienna, Wash- ington, of Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, and of American Antiquarian and Numismatic Society. Author: Baffin Land, 1885; The Central Eskimo; Chinook Texts, 1894; Indianische Sagen von der Nordwestkiiste Amerikas, 1895; Social Organization and Secret Societies of the Kwakintl Indians, 1898; Kathlamet Texts, 1900; The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay, 1901; Kwakintl Texts, 1901-1902; Triunbian Texts, 1902; also reports to United States National Museum, British Association BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 69 for the Advancement of Science, etc. Address: American Museum Natural History, Central Park, New York City. Borofsky, Samuel Hyman. Law Stationer, Justice of the Peace, Notary Public. Born April, 1865, at Wolkovyshki, Suwalk, Rus- sian Poland. Son of Mendel (Poven) Borofsky and Rebecca Tou- vim. Educated at Wolkovyshki, and Manchester, England. Mar- ried Ettie Wilensky. Justice of the peace since 1891; notary public since 1894; member Boston City Council, 1898; Massa- chusetts House of Representatives, 1900-1901; captain 6th Com- pany Infantry Provisional Militia, 1898-1899; pres- ident Helping Hand Temporary Home for Destitute Jewish Chil- dren, 1899-1902, and life director; member Executive Council Federation of American Zionists, 1903-1904; and connected with other Jewish charitable, fraternal, and social organizations. Author: The Pemberton, Lawyer's Diary and Director (for Massa- chusetts). Contributor to Jewish periodicals, and other papers. Office: 11-15 Pemberton Sq. Residence: 34 McLean, Boston, Mass. Brachfield, Charles L. State Senator, Eighth District, Texas. Born January 10, 1871, Vicksburg, Miss. Son of Benjamin Brach- field and Yetta Baruch. Educated in Texas public schools. Was judge of County Court, Rusk County, Texas: Address: Hen- derson, Tex. *Brandeis, Lewis Dembitz. Lawyer. Born November 13, 1856, Louisville, Ky. Son of Adolph Brandeis and Fredericka Dem- bitz. Educated in Louisville public and high schools. Attended Annen Realschule, Dresden, 1873-1875; graduate Harvard Law School, 1877 (honorary A.M.). Married Alice Goldmark. Ad- mitted to bar, 1878; has practiced law in Boston and New York. Contributor to legal reviews. Member of Phi Beta Kappa (Har- vard) . Brenner, Jacob. Commissioner of Jurors of Kings County, N. Y. Born April 8, 1857, New York City. Son of Simon Brenner and Caroline Alexander. Educated in Brooklyn public schools. Was counsel to Police and Excise Departments City of Brooklyn; police justice City of Brooklyn; city magistrate City of New York. Was member Kings County Republican Committee for twenty-four years; chairman Executive Committee Kings County Republican Committee, four terms. Address: 26 Court, Brooklyn. Brenner, Victor David. Medailleur, Sculptor. Born June 12, 1871, Shavli, Russia. Son of George Brenner. Educated in 5 70 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Russia and at Paris. Arrived New York, 1890; went to Paris, 1898, pupil of L. O. Roty; honorable mention Salon, 1900; medal, Paris Exposition, 1900; medal, Buffalo, 1901. Has works in Paris Mint, Munich Glyptothek, Vienna Numismatic Society, New York Numismatic Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Boston Museum. Address: 147 West 23d, New York. Brickner, Samuel M. Gynaecologist and Obstetrician. Born January 11, 1867, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Max Brickner and Caroline Wile. A. B., 1888, A.M., 1891, University of Rochester; M. D., 1891, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Univer- sity, New York; pursued courses at Universities of Berlin and Vienna. Married Josephine Hays. Was adjunct gynecologist, Mt. Sinai Hospital; gynaecologist to Mt. Sinai Hospital Dispensary; and gynaecologist to Good Samaritan Dispensary, New York. Resi- dent physician Sloane Maternity Hospital, 1891; interne Mt. Sinai Hospital, 1891-1894. Fellow New York Academy of Medicine; member American Anthropological Society; New York State Medi- cal Society; New York State Medical Association, and other medi- cal societies. Literary editor New York Medical Journal; con- tributor to Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia, and Foster's Reference Book of Practical Therapeutics. Translator, with Dr. N. E. Brill, of Klemperer's Clinical Diagnosis, 1898. Articles in American Journal of Obstetrics, Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Gyna- kologie, New York Medical News, American Medicine, American Journal of the Medical Sciences, New York Medical Journal, Pediatrics, etc. Address: 136 West 85th, New York. Bril, Isaac L. Associate Editor of The American Hebrew. Born August 22, 1874, Mainz, Germany. Son of Jechiel Bril (founder and editor of The Lebanon) and Sarah Sapir. Educated at Dr. Lehmann's Religionsschule, Mainz, Old Castle Street Board School, and Jews' College, London. Married Marie Raivid. Was assistant editor The Vegetarian, London; The German Times, Ber- lin, Germany; Jewish World, London; member of editorial staff Jewish Chronicle, London; editor English Department Jewish World, New York. At present secretary New York Committee Jewish Publication Society of America. Contributor to daily and weekly papers and magazines in England and the United States; Jewish Encyclopedia; American Year Book and Encyclopedia; Jewish Year Book, London. Translator: Die Klatsche, by Men- dele Mocher Sphorim. Address: 752 St. Ann's Av., Bronx, New York. Brounoff, Platon G. Teacher of voice and piano, Lecturer Board of Education, Composer, Author. Born May 10, 1863, at Eliza- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 71 bethgrad, Russia. Son of Gregory Brounoff. Graduate Musical Academy, Warsaw, Imperial Conservatory, St. Petersburg, pupil of Rubinstein and Rimsky Korsakoff. Doctor of Music and M. A., Warsaw and St. Petersburg. Married Annie Rombro. Conductor Russian Imperial Orchestra; Ladies' Concordia Society; People's Male Chorus; Russian Choral Society; assistant conductor to Frank Damrosch at People's Choral Union. Founded Liberal Art Society, 1903; member Manuscript Society of American com- posers. Conducted forty-three concerts, orchestral and instru- mental, of Russian music, in this country. Musical works: The Emancipation of the Slaves (symphonic overture); Angel (can- tata); In the Russian Village (symphonic suite); In the Flower Garden (suite for piano); Songs of Freedom (song album); songs, piano compositions, etc. Literary works: Stolen Corres- pondence; Types and Sketches of the Ghetto; The Pawnbroker (a drama); The Czar's Correspondence with Uncle Sam's Nephew; articles on art, literature, etc., in magazines. Address: 251 East Broadway, New York. Broyde, Isaac. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Born Feb- ruary 23, 1867, at Porozomo, Grodno, Russia. Son of Solomon Broyd§ and Malka Leshchinski. Educated at Grodno Gymnasium. Diplome, 1892, Paris Ecole des Langues Orientales; diplome, 1894, Ecole des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences Historiques et Philologiques. Was Librarian Alliance Israelite Universelle; pro- fessor of Arabic at La Society de Propagation des Langues Etran- geres en France. Author: Resume des Reflexions sur l'ame de Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, 1894; Tarat ha-Nefesh; R§- flexions sur l'ame de Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, translated from the Arabic into Hebrew, with notes and introduction, 1894; La Prise de par les Perses, sous Heraclius, translated from an old Arabic manuscript in Count Couret's collection of documents relating to the Crusades, 1896. Address: 1753 Lexing- ton Av., New York. Brudno, Ezra S. Lawyer, Author. Born May 28, 1877, Lith- uania, Russia. Son of Isaac Brudno and Hannah Model. Edu- cated by private tutors in Russia; in Cleveland high school, Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, and Yale Law School. Author: The Fugitive. Articles in the Arena, World's Work, Bookman, etc. Address: 227 Society for Savings Building, Cleveland, O. Brunner, Arnold W. Architect. Born September 25, 1857, New York. Son of William Brunner and Isabella Solomon. Educated at New York, and Manchester, England. Was vice- president N.§w York Chapter American Institute of Architects; 72 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK president Architectural League; member Board of Education, New York, and Board of Supervision of Public Buildings and Grounds, Cleveland, O. Architect: Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York; United States Federal Building, Cleveland; Jewish Theological Seminary; Educational Alliance Building; Temple Beth El; Syna- gogue Shearith Israel; School of Mines, Columbia College; Park Pavilions; public baths, all in New York. Author: Interior Decorations; Cottages. Contributor to Russell Sturgis' Diction- ary of Architecture. Residence: 1748 Broadway. Office: 33 Union Square West, New York. Buchhalter, Julius. Hebrew Teacher. Born August 17, 1860, at Mariampol, Suwalk, Russian Poland. Son of Hayim Buchhalter and Freda Angenizky. Educated at the Suwalk Talmudical Col- lege and privately. Married Hadassa Kahan. Assistant editor Ha-Zeflrah, 1886-1887. Secretary Union of Orthodox Hebrew Con- gregations of the United States and Canada; secretary to late chief rabbi Jacob Joseph. Contributed articles to Ha-Zeflrah, Ha- Melitz, Ha-Asif, Ha-Ibri. Author of Hebrew poems. Address: 331 E. 89th, New York. Buttenwieser, Moses. Professor of Exegesis, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Born April 5, 1862, Beerfelden, Hessen, Germany. Son of Simon Buttenwieser and Bella Saalheimer. Studied at Praparandenschule, Schwabach; Realgymnasium, Kis- singen; Lehrerseminar, Wiirzburg; and Universities of Wiirzburg and Leipzig. Ph. D., 1896, Heidelberg. Married Ellen Clune, Ph. D. (Heidelberg!. Held teacher's position in private schools, Wiirzburg; school of the Jewish Congregation in Tarnowitz, Silesia, and in Leipzig. Author: Die hebraische Elias-Apokalypse und ihre Stellung in der apokalyptischen Literatur des rabbini- schen Schriftthums und der Kirche; articles in the Hebrew Union College Journal and Annual, and in Die israelitische Hausfrauen- Zeitung (Leipzig, 1892-93), and reviews in American Journal of Theology, and American Journal of Semitic Languages. Address: 2 Park Place, Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati, O. •Cahan, Abraham. Journalist, Author. Born July 7, I860, Wilna, Russia. Graduate Wilna Teachers' Institute. Married Anna Braunstein. Came to the United States, 1882; edited a weekly newspaper and monthly magazine in Yiddish; contributor to leading periodicals since 1887. Author: Yekl, A Tale of the New York Ghetto; The Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories; The Chasm. Residence: 312 Second Av., New York. Cantor, Jacob A. Lawyer. Born December 6, 1854, New York. Son of Henry Cantor and Hannah Hanau (daughter of Rabbi of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 73

Duke's Place , London). Educated in New York public schools and high school; LL. B., 1875, New York University. Married Lydia Greenebaum. Member Assembly State of New York, 1885, 1886, 1887. Was member of judiciary and other com- mittees of Assembly and Senate; State Senator and Democratic leader in State Senate, 1888-1898; chairman Finance Committee New York State Senate; president Senate, acting Lieutenant Gov- ernor, 1892-1893; president Borough of Manhattan (old New York), 1902-1903. At present chairman Committee on Highways and Parks, City Improvement Commission, appointed by mayor of New York. Delegate at large from City of New York to Demo- cratic National Convention of 1896. Declined to support William J. Bryan, although Democratic leader in State Senate. Received votes for governor in the Democratic State Convention, 1902. Was reporter on New York World several years. Has made public addresses and contributions to magazines and other periodicals. Identified with all Jewish charities. Residence: 9 W. 70th. Office: 25 Broad, New York. Cardozo, Michael H. Lawyer. Born January 12, 1851, New York City. Son of Abraham H. Cardozo and Sarah N. Peixotto. Educated in New York public schools. B. S., College City of New York; LL. B., University Law School. Married Rosalie Hart. Was Supreme Court Examiner for admission to bar of State of New York; member Executive Bar Association City of New York; chairman Executive Committee New York Law Institute. Ad- dress: 128 Broadway, New York.

*Carvalho, David Nunes. Expert in handwriting and inks. Born September 29, 1848, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of S. N. Car- valho (artist) and Sarah Solis. Graduate New York Free Acad- emy (now College City of New York). Pursued special studies in organic chemistry, photography, light, and color. Married Annie Abrams. Handwriting expert since 1876; separated white light into complementary parts in order to absorb the actinic rays on the sensitive plate, 1880, the present chromatic processes being based on this principle; official grand jury handwriting expert New York, 1881-1899; first to make photographs on celluloid, 1883; first to restore in open court fraudulently bleached out hand- writing, 1884; city librarian in charge of archives, 1885, thus enabled to study ancient writing and ink; president New York State Reformatory for Women, 1892-1899; testified during twenty- five years in over 1000 cases where handwriting was in dispute. Has contributed extensively to magazines. Author: Forty Cen- turies of Ink, 1904. Residence: Far Rockaway, N. Y. Office: 265 Broadway, New York. 74 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Cohen, Abraham. Associate in Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University. Born September 11, 1870, Baltimore, Md. Son of Simon Cohen and Theresa Brafm|tn. Educated at Zion School, and Baltimore City College. A. B. 1891, and Ph.D. 1894, Johns Hopkins University; studied at the Sorbonne, Paris. Married Lee M. Bren. Co-editor American Journal of Mathematics; member Board of Trustees Hebrew Orphan Asylum; chairman Religious School Board Oheb Shalom Congregation. Writer: On Functions Analogous to the Theta-Functions; Notes (mimeographed) in connection with courses at University. Address: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. *Cohen, Alfred J. (nom de plume, Alan Dale). Dramatic Critic, Author. Born May 14, 1861, Birmingham, England. Educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham. Married Carrie Livingston Frost. Came to America, 1886, and engaged in journalism. Dramatic critic for New York World, 1887-1895; New York Jour- nal, since 1895. Author: Jonathan's Home; A Marriage below Zero; His own Image; Conscience on Ice; and other books. Resi- dence: 110 St. Nicholas Av. Office: New York Journal, New York. Cohen, Alfred M. Attorney-at-law. Born October 19, 1859, Cincinnati, O. Son of Morton S. Cohen and Phebe Phillips. Educated in Cincinnati public schools. LL. B., 1880, Law School. Married Millie Phillips. Was member City Council, Cincinnati; for four years successively represented Hamilton County, O., in Senate of Ohio; member Board of Governors Hebrew Union Col- lege; president Young Men's Hebrew Association, Cincinnati, and United Young Men's Hebrew Associations of America. Now secre- tary Congregation Bene Israel of Cincinnati. Nominated for mayor of Cincinnati, 1900. For some years on staff of Cincinnati Commercial. Wrote many editorials on Jewish topics. Address: S. W. corner 3d and Walnut, Cincinnati, O. Cohen, David (da Silva) Solis. Lawyer. Born in Philadelphia. Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Simiah da Silva Solis. Married Bertha Kahn, Portland, Ore. Commissioner of Charities and Corrections State of Oregon and Police Commissioner Port- land, 1892-1894, 1898-1902. One of the founders of Young Men's Hebrew Associations, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Portland. Founded and dedicated in Oakland, Cal.; Seattle, Wash.; and Portland. President Portland Zionist Society. Con- nected in various capacities with Order of United Workmen, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, Masonic lodges, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Has contributed to editorial and liter- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 75 ary columns of religious, literary, and sociologic periodicals, in Philadelphia, New York, California, and Oregon. Author: Daisy Shortcut Papers; plays; stories for children; poems. Address: Washington Building, 4th and Washington, Portland, Ore.

Cohen, Jacob Solis. Honorary professor laryngology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; Emeritus professor of Diseases of Throat and Chest, Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Grad- uates in Medicine; consulting physician to Protestant Episcopal City Mission, Philadelphia, and to Hospital for Diseases of the Lungs, Chestnut Hill. Born February 28, 1838, New York City. Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Slmira Solis. A. B., 1854, Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1860, University of Pennsylvania. Studied also at Jefferson Medical College. Married Miriam Binswanger. Was President Philadelphia County Medi- cal Society; Northern Medical Association; American Laryngo- logical Association; professor Physiology Wagner Institute, Phila- delphia; assistant surgeon 26th Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers; acting assistant surgeon United States Navy; acting assist- ant surgeon United States Army, 1861-64. Consulting physician to Jewish Hospital, Philadephia, 1866; physician to German Hospi- tal, 1871-1888; and to Jefferson Hospital, 1877-1888. Lectured, 1870, on Acoustics in Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; delivered an illustrated course of four lectures on Acoustics, 1872, at the opening of Stevens' Institute of Technology, Hoboken; and Mutter course on Surgical Pathology before College of Physicians, Phila- delphia, 1872. Honorary member of societies in United States, France, and Great Britain. Author: A Treatise on Inhalation, its Therapeutics and Practice, 1866; Diseases of the Throat and Nasal Passages, 1872; Croup in its Relation to Tracheotomy, 1874; The Throat and Voice, 1879. Numerous contributions to encyclo- pedic works, systems of medicine, and medical journals. Office: 1824 Chestnut, Philadelphia. Residence: Abbotsford and Wissa- hickon Avs., Germantown, Pa.

Cohen, Jessica. Editor Jewish Review and Observer, Cleve- land. Born July 11, 1869, Cleveland, O. Daughter of Elias Cohen. Educated in Cleveland public, high, and normal schools. Correspondent Jewish Voice, St. Louis; for five years associate editor Jewish Spectator, Memphis, Tenn.; teacher Harmon Night School for foreigners. Member and for one year vice- president Ohio Woman's Press Club. Was member Executive Board Council of Jewish Women. A founder of the Library of the Council Educational Alliance. Has written magazine articles. Address: 109 Beech, Cleveland, 0.

NEW YORK UNI/173 TY WJtSaUiCTiil Wtil C3LLEGE • LIBRARY • 76 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Cohen, Katherine M. Sculptor. Born March 18, 1859, Phila- delphia, Pa. Daughter of Henry Cohen and Matilda Samuel. Educated Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; under Augustus St. Gaudens, New York; Mercie, Puech, and MacMonnies, Paris; and Friedrich Beer, Florence. Works: portrait busts and bas- reliefs; groups in bronze, marble, terra-cotta, and plaster; minia- tures on ivory; portraits and landscapes in oil and water color. Address: care J. S. Morgan and Company, London, England. Cohen, Max. Editor and Proprietor of Views, an Insurance Journal. Born January 26, 1846, Lowenberg, Germany. Son of Edward Cohen and Ricka Kahn. Eucated at Lowenberg and Liegnitz. Married Esther E. Schwartz. Enlisted, 1862, in 3d Indiana Cavalry; discharged as a minor; worked as compositor in Government Printing Office, and re-enlisted. Worked on New York Herald and Washington Chronicle. Engaged, 1876, in print- ing and newspaper advertising business. Studied the science and problem of life insurance, especially in relation to the fraternal orders. Superintendent New York Life Insurance Company for Northern Pennsylvania, 1877-1878. Secretary and treasurer He- brew Orphans Home, Atlanta, Ga., since 1896. Author: Gar- field Souvenirs; Gems of Press and Pulpit; Reminiscences of Great Men; pamphlets and newspaper articles on the fallacy of the assessment system of insurance in vogue among the fraternal orders. Address: 509 Seventh, N. W., Washington, D. C. Cohen, Max. Lawyer. Born June 11, 1853, New York City. Son of Julius Cohen and Bertha Fernbach. Educated in New York public schools. LL. B., 1893, New York Law School. Mar- ried Sarah Rouse. Civil Service Commissioner City of Yonkers, and secretary of Board. Lecturer New York Board of Education Free Lecture course, 1901-1904. Was librarian of Maimonides Library for twelve years; director Jewish Theological Seminary of America for ten years; editorial writer The American Hebrew for twelve years. Contributed articles to The Sun, Evening Post, New York Times. Contributor to Jewish Encyclopedia. Office: 45 Warburton Av. Residence: 157 Hawthorne Av., Yonkers, N. Y. Cohen, Mendes. Civil Engineer. Born May 4, 1831, Baltimore, Md. Son of David I. Cohen and Harriett Cohen. Educated in Balti- more private schools. Married Justina Nathan. Held subordinate positions in service of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1851-1855; as- sistant superintendent Hudson River Railroad, 1855-1861; vice- president and later president Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Com- pany, 1861-1863; superintendent Reading and Columbia Railroad, 1864-1866; president's assistant and comptroller Lehigli Coal and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 77

Navigation Company, 1868-1871; president Pittsburg and Connells- ville Railroad Company, 1873-1875; director in board of same Com- pany, 1873-1903; chairman Sewerage Commisson City of Baltimore, from 1892; member of board appointed in 1894 by the President of the United States, under the river and harbor act of August, 1894, to examine and determine route for construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal; member Art Commission City of Baltimore since its establishment; corresponding secretary Maryland Historical Society, 1894-1904, president since 1904; member American Society Civil Engineers since 1867, and presi- dent in 1892. Has written numerous official reports. Address: 825 North Charles, Baltimore, Md. Cohen, Morris Raphael. Tutor of Mathematics, College City of New York. Born July, 1880, Minsk, Russia. Son of Abraham Mordecai Cohen and Bessie Farfel. Received Talmudic educa- tion at Nesvizh, Minsk, under Rabbi Joseph Beer. Entered New York public schools in 1892. B. S., 1900, College City of New York; M. A., 1904, Columbia University. Teacher Davidson Col- legiate Institute, 1900-1901; New York public schools, 1901-1902; president Thomas Davidson class at Educational Alliance, 1899; a founder of Branch B of Educational Alliance. Has written articles for The American Hebrew, Alliance Review, Jewish World. Address: 58 E. 106th, New York. Cohen, Solomon (da Silva) Solis. Physician, Professor of Clin- ical Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Born in Philadelphia. Son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Simiah (da Silva) Solis. Educated in Philadelphia public schools. A. B., 1872; A.M., 1877, Central High School; M. D., 1883, Jefferson Medical College. Studied Hebrew literature under Rev. Dr. S. Morais. Married Emily Grace da Silva Solis. Professor Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1887-1902; lecturer on Therapeutics, Dartmouth Medical College, 1890, 1892; lecturer on Special Therapeutics, Jefferson Medical College, 1887-1890; physi- cian to Jewish Hospital since 1887; to Philadelphia General Hos- pital since 1890; to Rush Hospital for Consumption since 1892; to Jefferson Medical College Hospital, since 1900. President Phila- delphia County Medical Society, 1898, 1899; recorder Association of American Physicians, since 1900; recorder Medical Jurispru- dence Society, 1887-1890. President Young Men's Hebrew Associa- tion, 1884; Pegasus, 1901, 1902. One of the founders and member Editorial Board of The American Hebrew; one of the founders and trustee (until the merger), Jewish Theological Seminary of America; one of the founders of Jewish Publication Society of America, trustee, and at present member of its Publication Com- 6 78 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK mittee; Trustee Gratz College, K. K. Mickv§ Israel Congregation. Fellow College of Physicians, Philadelphia; and American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science. Chairman Therapeutic Sec- tion American Medical Association, 1903. Member, honorary mem- ber, and corresponding member of various learned bodies. Named and first described disease known as Vasomotor ataxia, 1893. Author: Essentials of Medical Diagnosis (with A. A. Eshner), 1892, 1902; Therapeutics of Tuberculosis, 1891; clinical lectures, addresses to learned societies, contributions to American and for- eign medical periodicals, Foster's Practical Therapeutics, Cyclo- pedia Practical Medicine, Reference Handbook Medical Sciences, etc. Editor: System Physiologic Therapeutics (eleven volumes), 1901-1904. Writer of essays on historical, religious, and sociologic topics, and of verses. Translator of Hebrew poems. Address: 1525 Walnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

*Cohn, Adolphe. Professor of Romance Languages and Litera- ture, Columbia University, since 1891. Born May 29, 1851, Paris, France. Son of Albert Cohn and Mathilde Lowengard. Graduate, 1868; LL. B., 1873, University of Paris; archiviste Palgographe Ecole Nationale des Chartes, Paris, 1874. Volunteer in French Army during Franco-Prussian war, 1870-1871; came to New York, 1875; tutor in French, Columbia University, 1882; instructor, 1882-1884; instructor in French, 1884-1885; and assistant professor of French, 1885-1891, in Harvard University. Honorary president Alliance Franchise; Knight of the Crown of Italy; Chevalier Legion d'Honneur. Author: Voltaire's Prose (with Dr. B. D. Woodward), 1897; Le Sage's Gil Bias (with R. Sanderson), 1899. Contributor to American literary magazines and Parisian jour- nals. Address: Columbia University, New York.

Cohn, Morris M. Attorney-at-law. Born March 14, 1852, New Albany, Ind. Son of Mathias A. Cohn and Therese Koebner. Educated in Cincinnati public schools; private courses in lan- guages, law, and philosophy; B. L., Arkansas State University Law School. Married Addie M. Ottenheimer. Was member Gen- eral Council American Bar Association for Arkansas; president Board of Trade and City Attorney of Little Rock, Ark.; chair- man Executive Committee, State Bar Association of Arkansas; school director Special School District of Little Rock; member Executive Committee, Union American Hebrew Congregations. Writer: Essay on the Growth of Law; An Introduction to the Study of the Constitution; articles in the American Law Review; occasional contributions since 1873 to American Israelite, Reform Advocate, and other Jewish periodicals. Address: Little Rock, Ark. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 79

*Conried, Heinrich. Manager of Metropolitan Opera House, New York. Born September 13, 1855, Bielitz, Austria. Graduated at Shoefterfield College, 1869. Married Augusta Sperling. Made his debut as an actor at the Imperial Court Theatre, Vienna, Feb- ruary 23, 1873. Came to the United State 1878; became stage manager of the Germania Theatre, and later manager of the Irving Place Theatre, New York, devoted entirely to "the German drama. Brought to America Sonnenthal, Kainz, Possart, and Agners Sorma, and has produced the plays of Hauptmann, Suder- mann, and others, as well as works of the classic dramatists. Delivered lectures on the drama at Yale and Columbia Univer- sities and the University of Pennsylvania. His company gave a performance of Goethe's Iphigenie at Harvard University. Pro- duced Wagner's Parsifal at Metropolitan Opera House, 1903-1904. Received the order of Knighthood from Emperor Franz Joseph, of Austria, and the gold medal of science and art from the King of Belgium. Address: Metropolitan Opera House, New York. *Cook, Simon. Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy. Born in Illinois. Entered service, June 10, 1873. Received pres- ent commission, August 30, 1900. At present on duty in New York. Address: Navy Department. Cowen, Philip. Publisher The American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger, and The Menorah Monthly Magazine. Born July 25, 1853, New York. Son of Raphael Isaac Cowen and Julia Manasseh. Educated in New York public schools. Married Lillie Cohen. Supervisor City Record, 1902-1903. Publisher: Emma Lazarus' Songs of a Semite; Dr. Alexander Kohut's Ethics of the Fathers; Oscar S. Straus' Religious Liberty in the United States; Dr. K. Kohler's Guide for Instruction in ; etc., etc. Office: 489 Fifth Av. Residence: 485 Central Park West, New York. D'Ancona, Arnold Abraham. Physician, Dean Medical De- partment University of California. Born April 29, 1860, Brook- lyn, N. Y. Son of David A. D'Ancona and Julia Davis. Educated in New York and San Francisco public schools, and San Francisco Boys' High School. A. B., 1880; M. D., 1884, Universiy of Cali- fornia. Married Lillian Mabel Bussenius. Was teacher public schools. Professor of Hygiene, Academic Department; of Physi- ology, Medical and Dental Departments; dean of Medical Depart- ment; president Alumni Association, all of University of Cali- fornia. Now serving third term as member Board of Supervisors of San Francisco. Address: 1022 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal. Dantzig, Meyer Michael. Artist. Born January 9, 1876, Yanova, Russia. Sgn of Elias Joseph Dantzig and Sarah Slopo, 80 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Educated in Philadelphia public schools; Industrial School of Art and Pennsylvania Museum; and Academy of Fine Arts. Studied in Paris under Bonnat. Developed taste for drawing at six years of age; at ten, went to Cracow, Austria, where he made drawings from old churches and copied figure work. Address: 114 E. 23d, New York. Danziger, Adolphe. United States Consul at Madrid, Spain. Born in 1864. Educated by his father and at a German Gym- nasium, from which he was graduated at fourteen. Studied at Breslau under Graetz and Levi, at Berlin under Geiger, and at the University of Bonn. Came to America in 1883. Wrote a series of articles for Die Westliche Post, St. Louis; filled positions as rabbi of congregations at Vincennes, Ind., and Port- land, Ore. Studied medicine and dental surgery. Went to San Diego, Cal., on account of ill-health; practiced dentistry there and in San Francisco for seventeen years. Studied law, 1895, and practiced in California, but resumed dentistry. Editor of Chicago American Israelite, 1902. Appointed to consulship, 1903. Author: The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter (with Ambrose Bierce), 1889; In the Confessional, 1893; A Man, A Woman, and a Million, 1902; Jewish Forerunners of , 1903, 1904. Correspondent of Jewish Voice, St. Louis. Contributed short stories, poems, and articles to various papers and period- icals. Address: American Consulate, Madrid, Spain. Davidson, Israel. Semitic Scholar and Writer. Born July 27, 1870, Yanova, Kovno, Russia. Son of David Movshowitz and Rebecca Kohn. Educated at Talmudical College of R. Isaac Elchanan Spector, Kovno, and New York public schools. A. B., 1895, College City of New York; Ph. D., 1902, Columbia University. Came to America in 1888. Fellow in Semitic Languages, Colum- bia University, 1900; lecturer on Jewish Literature, Educational Alliance, 1898-1900; now visiting chaplain Sing Sing Prison and Eastern New York Reformatory. Catalogued Hebrew and Arabic books in Columbia University. Author: Ha-Yehudi be-Safrut ha- Anglit, 1895; The Genesis of Hebrew Periodical Literature, 1900; Shylock, and Barabbas, 1901; Sholosh Halozot, 1904; Parody in Jewish Literature (almost complete in MS.); Dictionary of Pseudonymes in Hebrew Literature (MS.) Contributed articles to Jewish Encyclopedia and to Ha-Modia la-Chodashim, Ha- Maarabi, Ha-Ibri, and English periodicals. Address: 1702 Lex- ington Av., New York. De Haas, Jacob. Secretary Federation American Zionists, Edi- tor The Maccabsean. Born August 13, 1872, London, England. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Son of Aron de Haas and Anna Haerbleek (descent traceable to Spanish expulsion). Educated at London. Was Editor Jewish World, London; and English Department Jewish World, New York; chairman and honorary secretary English Zionist Fede- ration; English Secretary to Dr. , 1896, and of four Zionist Congresses; English and American member Greater Actions-Committee of Zionist movement; one of the conveners of ; first Zionist to welcome Dr. Herzl in Eng- land. Author: Jewish Needs and Jewish Ideals, 1901; , Why and Wherefore, 1902; novels, stories, articles in daily press and magazines. Address: 320 Broadway, New York. Deinard, Ephraim. Collector of books and antiquities. Born, Iyar 15, 1846, Shossmaken, Courland, Russia. Son of Jekuthiel Gerson Deinard and Leah Cohn. Entirely self-taught. Married Margolia Jaffe. Has made many journeys in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Organizer of first emigration to Palestine from Odessa. Established a Jewish agricultural colony in Nevada, 1897. Has collected a large Hebrew library and many rare Jewish antiquities. Editor: Ha-Leomi, 1888-1889; the Patriot (Yiddish), 1892. Author: Atidut Yisrael, 1890; Milhamah la- Adonai be-Amalek, 1892; Hokmat Yehudah, 1890; Ha-Kundes, 1893; Plaudersack (Yiddish), 1891; Or Meiir (catalogue of the Sulzberger Library), 1896; Zemirat Am ha-Aretz, 1896; Sifrat Ziyon, 1897; Kitot be-Yisrael, 1899; Zemir Arizim ha-Sheni, 1899; Zemir Arizim ha-Rishon, 1904; Hereb Hadah, 1904; Megillah Afah, 1904; Bittul Ikre ha-Nozrim, 1904; Hodaat Baal Din, 1904; Dibre ha-Yamim li-Bne Yisrael be-Tugarma (in press); Dibre ha-Yamim le-Ziyon be-Negeb Russya (in press). Address: 86 Windsor, Kearny, N. J. Dembitz, Arthur Aaron. Instructor, since 1897, in Jewish His- tory, Gratz College, Philadelphia. Born February 24, 1870, Louis- ville, Ky. Son of Lewis Naphtali Dembitz and Wilhelmina Wehle. Educated in Louisville public and high schools. B. A., 1891, Johns Hopkins University. On editorial staff of The American Hebrew, New York, 1892-1897; teacher in school attached to Congregation Zichron Ephraim, New York, and private teacher of Hebrew, 1892-1897. Secretary Doreshe Da'ath Society, Philadelphia. Edi- tor Department Bible Lessons, Sabbath School Journal, Philadel- phia. Contributed articles to The American Hebrew, Jewish Exponent, Jewish Comment, under pseudonyms, " Uncle Arthur," "Aaron Dob," " Harun," and " Bakkol." Address: 1834 Frank- lin, Philadelphia, Pa. Dembitz, Lewis N. Lawyer. Born February 3, 1833, at Zirke, province of Posen, Prussia. Son of Dr. Siegmund Zabulon Dem- 82 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK bitz and Francesca Wehle. Educated in city schools of Muenche- berg, Brandenburg; privately, and in Gymnasia of Frankfort, Sagan, and Glogau. Read law for one semester at Prague; with Walker and Kebler, Cincinnati, and with Dunn and Hendricks, Madison, Ind. Degree of Doctor of Hebrew Literature, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1904. Married Wilhelmina Wehle. Assistant City Attorney for Louisville, in charge of tax matters, 1884-1888; commissioner named by Kentucky Legisla- ture to draw Tax Law for Louisville, 1884; delegate to National Republican Convention at Chicago that nominated Lincoln for President; drafted first American law establishing Australian ballot (for Louisville city elections), 1888. Author: Kentucky Jurisprudence, 1889; Law Language for Short Hand Writers, 1892; Land Titles in United States, St. Paul, 1895; Jewish Ser- vices in Synagogue and Home, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1897; has written articles for Jewish Encyclopedia, mainly on Talmudic Jurisprudence, some on Liturgy; magazine articles on different subjects. Address: 1211 First, Louisville, Ky. Dittenhoefer, Abram Jesse. Lawyer. Born, March 17, 1836, Charleston, South Carolina. Educated in New York public schools. Graduate, 1856, Columbia College. Married Sophie Englehart (deceased). Admitted to bar at twenty-one. Appointed by the governor of the State as Justice of the City Court, 1857. Resumed law practice at expiration of term. Presidential elector for Lincoln and Johnson, 1864; declined position of United States District Judge for South Carolina offered by President Lincoln; delegate to National Republican Convention, 1876; for twelve years chairman Republican Central Committee of New York. Trustee Temple Emanu-El. Address: 96 Broadway, New York. Dolitzky, Menahem Mendel. Journalist and Poet. Born Adar 27, 1857, Bialystok, Russia. Son of Wolff Dolitzky and Eva Fox. Married Rachel Leah Shainak. Expelled from Moscow, 1892. Works: Likuy Shne ha-Meorot; Shebet Sofer; Nib Sefataim; Mi-bayit u-mi-hutz; Be-tok Lebaim; Kol Shire Menahem; Shire Menahem; Ha-Halom ve-Shibro; Neginot Sefat Ziyon; (in Yid- dish) Shtarker vun Eisen; Gebildeter Morder; Yiddishe Helden. Address: 311 Henry, New York.

Dreyfus, Wolfram E. Consulting Chemist. Born December 21, 1864, Baden, Germany. Son of Salomon Dreyfus and Augusta Schnurman. Graduate Human. Gymnasium, Offenburg, Baden, 1884; studied at University of Strassburg; Ph.D., 1900, Univer- sity of Munich. Married Emma Wachenheimer. Was assistant BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 83 instructor in chemistry, Columbia University, and chemist, De- partment Public Charities, New York; consulting chemist, Belle- vue Hospital, New York. Author: On Tragacanth, 1901; On the Relation of Chemical Constitution to Physiological Action, 1902; Hospital Formulary, 1903; Disinfectants and Antiseptics, 1904. Address: 557 W. 124th, New York. Dropsie, Moses A. Lawyer (retired from practice). Born March 9, 1821, Philadelphia. Son of Aaron M. Dropsie and Angeniete Engels. Was president Lombard and South Street Passenger Railroad Company; South Street Bridge Commission; and Hebrew Education Society. Now president Green and Coates Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company; Gratz College; and Philadelphia Branch Alliance Israelite Universelle. Translator: Mackeldey's Manual of the Roman Law; Roman Law of Testaments, Codicils and Mortis Causa Donationes. Writer of a number of pamphlets. Address: 1316 North Broad, Philadelphia, Pa. Edmonds, Roy Matthias. Journalist; on editorial staff St. Louis Republic. Born December 26, 1877, Houston, Texas. Son of Joseph Edmonds and Josephine Bear. Educated in Houston public schools. Was stenographer to the Governor of Texas throughout the second administration of Joseph D. Sayers. Ad- dress: care St. Louis Republic, St. Louis, Mo. Ehrich, Louis R. Dealer in antique paintings. Born January 23, 1849, Albany, New York. Son of Joseph Ehrich and Re- becca Sporborg. Educated at Dr. Dulon's School, New York; Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven. A. B., 1869; A. M., 1872, . Took a course at University of Ber- lin, 1870. Married Henriette Minzesheimer. Was only dele- gate from Rocky Mountain region to Palmer-Buckner conven- tion, 1896; member National Committee, Gold Democratic Party for Colorado; executive committee Sound-Money League; execu- tive committee Anti-Imperialist League. Temporary chairman Third Party Convention, Indianapolis, 1900. Was member firm of Ehrich Brothers, New York, until ill-health compelled sojourn in Europe, 1878-1885, and Colorado Springs, 1885-1903. Writer: The Question of Silver; A Religion for all Time, 1892; A Cure for Labor Troubles, 1892; Perfection and the Democratic Party, 1904; various addresses. Address: 8 W. 33d, New York.

Ehrlich, Arnold Bogumil. Merchant. Born January 15, 1848, at Wlodowka, Russia. Son of Mordecai Ehrlich and Zelda Bieder- mann. Educated at Leipzig and Berlin. Married Miss Offner. Teacher of Hebrew at Temple Emanu-El Preparatory School for 84 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK the Hebrew Union College during the whole time of its existence; for eight years with United Hebrew Charities, New York: Author: Talmudic Chrestomathy; Mikra ki-Pheschuto, Biblical Scholia (3 vols., in Hebrew); Die Psalmen, neu iibersetzt und erklart (in press). Address: 123 E. 54th, New York. Eichberg, Joseph. Physician. Born March 17, 1859, Cincin- nati, O. Son of Frederic Eichberg and Babette Friedlander. M. D., Miami Medical College. Married Stella Pritz. Visiting physician Cincinnati Hospital; professor Theory and Practice of Medicine, Miami Medical College. Address: 1105 E. McMillan, Cincinnati, O. Einhorn, Max. Physician. Born January 10, 1862, Grodno, Russia. Son of Abraham Einhorn and Sara Hoffmann. Educated at Posen, Riga, Kiev, Berlin. Married Flora Strauss. Professor of Medicine New York Post-Graduate Medical School; visiting physician German Hospital and Beth Israel Hospital, New York. Author: Diseases of the Stomach, 1896; Diseases of the Intestines, 1900; both having appeared in English, German, French, and Japanese. Address: 20 E. 63d, New York. Einstein, Edwin. Born November 18, 1842, Cincinnati, O. Son of Lewis Einstein and Judith Lewis. Studied at College City of New York; M. A., Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. Married Fanny Hendricks. Member of Congress, 1879-1881; commissioner and treasurer New York City Department of Docks, 1895-1898. Republican candidate for mayor, 1892. Address: 524 Fifth Av., New York. Einstein, Lewis. Third Secretary of Embassy at Paris. Born 1877, New York. Son of David L. Einstein and Caroline Fatman. B. A., 1898; M. A., 1899, Columbia University. Married Helena Ralle. General editor Humanists Library, Boston. Author: Ital- ian Renaissance in England, third edition, 1903; The Relation of Literature to History, 1903; Luigi Pulci and the Morgante Maggiore, 1902. Editor: Leonardo da Vinci, Thoughts on Art and Life, 1904. Address: American Embassy, Paris. Eisendrath, Simeon B. Architect. Born 1869, Chicago, 111. Son of Benjamin Eisendrath and Therese Shoeneman. Educa- tion received in Chicago public schools, Chicago Training School, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. Lec- turer on Architecture, Chicago high school, 1890-1893. As Commis- sioner of Buildings in mayor's cabinet, Chicago, elected 1894, instituted reforms which have been incorporated in the munici- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 85

J)al code; served as building expert for Cook County, 111., in liti- gation over the construction of public buildings. Works: in Chicago:—Home for Aged Jews, Home for Jewish Orphans, Michael Reese Hospital, Training School for Nurses of Michael Reese Hospital, " The Plymouth," the St. Germain Apartments; in Pittsburg:—Peacock Public Baths, Jewish Hospital, the Knick- erbocker Apartment Building (Allegheny); in New York:—The Criterion Club. Address: 41 West 24th, New York. Eisenstadt, Benzion. Hebrew Author. Born 1873, Kletzk, Minsk, Russia. Son of Moses Eisenstadt (sixth in descent from Mei'r Eisenstadt, the author of the Responsa Panim Me'irot) and Breina Leah Lipow. Educated at the Cheder and the public schools of Kletzk, then studied under R. Nathan Handelsmann of Lubeshoff, Minsk, and completed his Talmudic studies at Nesvizh, Deretchin (Grodno), and Eiseshok. Self-taught in secu- lar studies. Paid great attention to modern Hebrew literature. Wrote on the Song of Songs at the age of thirteen. Began to preach to congregations in many of the large cities of Rus- sia, 1894. Came to America in 1903. Contributed articles and reviews to Ha-Melitz; Ha-Zeflrah; Keneset ha-Gedolah; Ha-Magid; Talpiyot. Author: Ziyoni (poem in honor of 70th anniversary of Wissotzki), 1894; Rabbane Minsk va-Hakameha, 1895, 1899; Dor Rabbanav ve-Soferav, Part I, 1895; Part II, 1900; Part III, 1902; Part IV, 1903; Ve-zot li-Yehudah, commentary on Noda bi- Yehudah, 1900; printed with it in the edition of 1901; Hakme Yisrael be-Amerika, 1903; Rabbi Eizil Harif, 1904. Address: 78 Chrystie, New York. Eisenstein, Julius (Judah) David. Writer. Born November 21, 1855, Meseritz, Russian Poland. Son of Wolf Eisenstein and Taube Blume Borg. Taught by his grandfather, Azriel Selig Eisen- stein. Married Rebecca Cohen. Organizer, 1897, and president American Congregation, the Pride of Jerusalem, which aids indi- gent in Palestine. Translated the Constitution of the United States and Declaration of Independence into Hebrew and Yiddish, with Hebrew notes, 1891. Author: Maamare Bi- koret (criticism of Rodkinson's Talmud translation); The Classi- fied Psalter, 1897; The Code of Life (modified text and transla- tion of Shulhan Aruk, Part I), 1899. Has contributed numerous articles, since 1876, to Ha-Zefirah, Ha-Melitz, The American He- brew, Jewish Comment, Publications American Jewish Historical Society, etc. Address: 95 East 116th, New York. Eliassof, Herman. Teacher of Hebrew and German. Born March 8, 1849, Wilna, Russia. Son of Moses Eliassow and Chaye Sarah Luria. Taught by private tutors and in school of Rabbi 86 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Jacob Barit, Wilna; studied Talmud in Volosin under Rabbi Yehuda Berlin, and Jewish history and Rabbinica under Dr. David Cassel, Berlin. Married Rosalia Eisendrath. Taught school in Rhein-Hessen, 1869-1870; came to America, 1871; rabbi Con- gregation Rodef Shalom, Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1872; first rabbi Congregation Beth-El, Chicago, 1873; superintendent Russian Ref- ugees Aid Society, Chicago, 1892-1893; principal Sabbath School Kehillath Anshe Maarabh, Chicago, 1897. Editor: Jewish Tri- bune, St. Louis, 1881; The Occident, Chicago, 1884. Translator: Zeror ha-Mor (A Whisp of Myrrh); Be-aharit ha-Yamim (In the Last Days), by Rabbi A. J. G. Lesser. Author: History of Con- gregation K. A. M. (with Dr. B. Felsenthal); Mizrakhi; The Jews of Illinois. Author and translator of Hebrew poems. Contributor to Ha-Zofeh, first Hebrew weekly published in America; and to German, English, and Hebrew periodicals. Chicago correspondent of American Israelite, Cincinnati, for many years. Address: 3338 Prairie Av., Chicago, 111. Ellinger, Moritz. Interpreter in the Surrogate's Court City of New York. Born October 17, 1830, Furth, Bavaria. Son of Jacob Hirsch Ellinger and Jochebed Fegersheim. Educated at Furth Orphan Asylum; studied for two years at the Wurzburg Tal- mudical College under Rabbi Seligman Baer Bamberger. Married Julia Waterman. Was coroner City of New York for six years, and apportionment clerk in Finance Department; secretary Goethe Club, Palette Club, and for ten years of Executive Committee Independent Order B'nai B'rith. At present corresponding secre- tary Medico-Legal Society; member Society of American Authors; chairman Council of the Congress of Tuberculosis. Editor: The Jewish Times for nine years; the Menorah Monthly for twelve years. Delivered numerous lectures, most of which were pub- lished. Address: 164 E. 79th, New York. *Elsberg, Nathaniel A. State Senator, New York. Born in New York. Educated in public schools. Graduate, 1891, College City of New York. Engaged in newspaper work for two years; associate editor The American Economist. Wrote articles on the tariff and other economic subjects used in the Republican presi- dential campaign of 1892. Graduate, 1893, Law School Univer- sity City of New York, and has since practiced law. Practice almost entirely confined to corporation and Federal Court cases. Unanimously nominated, 1897, by the Nineteenth Assembly Dis- trict of New York as member of the Assembly; elected; re- elected 1900 and 1902. Address: 27 William, New York. * Emerich, Martin. Member of Congress, since 1903, from the First District of Illinois. Born April 27, 1847, Baltimore, Md. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 87

Educated in public schools. Engaged in importing business. Mar- ried, Baltimore, September 27, 1871, Lena Strauss. Appointed ward commissioner of poor of Baltimore, 1870; elected member of Maryland Legislature, 1879; was member Fifth Regiment Maryland National Guard, and staff of Governors Hamilton and Jackson, with rank of colonel. Removed to Chicago, 1887, and engaged in manufacturing. Elected county commissioner, 1892; and South Town assessor, 1901. Member of Congressional Stand- ing Committee on Accounts and on Manufactures. Identified in various capacities with Independent Order B'nai B'rith; Order Kesher Shel Barzel; Independent Order Free Sons of Israel; Ancient Order United Workmen; Royal Arch Masons of Mary- land. A founder of Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Atlanta, Ga. Occu- pied positions in the Boards of Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Balti- more; Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland; Chicago Home for Jewish Orphans; Chicago Orthodox Home for the Aged. Ad- dress: Chicago, 111.

Engelsman, Gabriel. Instructor in Classics, College City of New York. Born February 5, 1862, Maco, Hungary. Son of Gustav Engelsman and Betty Rosenberg. A. B., 1880, College City of New York. Pursued post-graduate course in Classical and Ori- ental Languages, Yale and Harvard Universities, 1880-1881; stud- ied comparative philology and linguistics at Leipzig, Berlin, and Vienna; Ph.D., 1885, University of Vienna. Married Celestine Bader. Was private secretary to Rev. Dr. Adolf Jellinek, Vienna; assistant foreign editor New York Herald; revising editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Delivered course of thirty lectures on comparative philology with special reference to the modern languages at Col- lege City of New York, 1901-1902. Address: 232 W. 120th, New York. Epsteen, Saul. Associate in Mathematics, University of Chi- cago. Born August 10, 1878, San Francisco, Cal. Educated in San Francisco public schools. B. S., 1900, University of Cali- fornia; Ph.D., 1901, University of Zurich. Studied in Universi- ties of Zurich and Gottingen. Member of Deutsche Mathematiker Vereinigung; and American Mathematical Society. Editor of American Mathematical Monthly. Author of a number of me- moirs in mathematical journals. Address: University of Chi- cago, Chicago, 111., also 343 Hayes, San Francisco, Cal. Erlanger, Abraham L. Theatrical Manager and Owner of The- atres. Born May 4, 1860, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Erlanger and Rachael Lobenthal. Educated at Spencerian College, Cleve- land, O. Business manager Euclid Avenue Opera House, Cleve- 88 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK land; theatrical advance agent; formed a partnership with Marc Klaw, and established a central theatrical agency; manager of prominent actors and producer of spectacular plays; controls over one hundred theatres in all parts of the United States. Address: New Theatre, New York. Erlanger, Mitchell L. Sheriff New York County. Born Feb- ruary 15, 1857, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Erlanger and Rachel Lobenthal. Educated at Cleveland public schools; studied medi- cine; self-taught in the classics; LL. B., 1882, Columbia Law School. For two years librarian Columbia Law School; lectured on real estate law and equity to Senior and Junior classes; as- sisted Professor Dwight, dean of the college, during that time, preparing opinions and examining the law. Practiced law for more than twenty years. Member Board of Directors Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids; Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society; Hebrew Infant Asylum. Address: 2030 Broadway, New York. Eron, Joseph Eli. Teacher and Lecturer on Literature. Born December 25, 1872, in Russia. Son of Fischel Eron and Fannie Edelstein. Educated at Konigsberg, Prussia, Warsaw, Poland; A. B., 1902, and A. M., 1903, Columbia University. Lecturer on literature, Educational Alliance, 1892-1904; Board of Education, New York; literature and history, Educational League, New York. Principal Eron School. Organized Educational Alliance Melam- dim Classes, 1892; one of the founders Educational League, 1899. Active in educational work, New York East Side. Address: 175 East Broadway, New York. Eshner, Augustus Adolph. Physician, Professor, since 1895, of Clinical Medicine in Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine. Born November 17, 1862, Memphis, Tenn. Son of James Eshner and Johanna Pleschner. Educated in Phila- delphia public schools. A. B., 1879; A.M., 1884, Central High School; M. D., Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Physi- cian to Philadelphia Hospital, since 1896; assistant physician to Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Dis- eases, since 1900; chairman directors Philadelphia County Medical Society, 1904. Resident physician Philadelphia Hospital, 1888- 1889; chief clinical assistant out-patient Medical Department Jef- ferson Medical College Hospital, 1892; adjunct professor clinical medicine Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, 1893; physician to Hospital for Diseases of the Lungs, at Chestnut Hill, 1901-1903. Editor Transactions Philadelphia County Medical Society, 1896, 1897; assistant editor Philadelphia Medical Journal, 1898. Was Secretary Pathological Society of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 89

Philadelphia; secretary Philadelphia Neurological Society; sec- ond vice-president Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania; second vice-president Philadelphia Pediatric Society. Wrote prize essay in the Department of Practice of Medicine, Jefferson Medi- cal College, 1888. Author: Essentials of Medical Diagnosis (with S. Solis Cohen), 1892, 1900; Handbook on Fevers, 1895; American Textbook of Applied Therapeutics (with J. C. Wilson), 1896; Christfried Jakob's Atlas of Methods of Clinical Investigation and Epitome of Clinical Diagnosis and of Special Pathology (trans- lation), 1898; Herman Eichhorst's Textbook of the Practice of Medicine (translation), 1901; L. Landois' Textbook of Human Physiology (translation), 1904. Has contributed numerous ar- ticles to medical journals, encyclopedias, and transactions of med- ical societies. Address: 224 South 16th, Philadelphia, Pa. •Ezekiel, Moses. Sculptor. Born October 28, 1844, Richmond, Va. Son of Jacob E. Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro. After service with corps of cadets in Confederate States Army, graduate Virginia Military Institute, 1866; studied anatomy Medical Col- lege of Virginia. Removed to Cincinnati, 1868; visited Berlin, Germany, 1869, and studied at Royal Academy of Art under Professor Albert Wolf. Admitted into the Society of Artists, Berlin, and was the first foreigner to win the Michael Beer prize. Executed, 1874, for Independent Order B'nai B'rith, marble group representing Religious Liberty, exhibited at Centennial Exposition, now in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia; monument to Jesse Seligman for Orphan Asylum, New York. After 1886, his work became chiefly ideal. Among his productions are busts of Washington, Liszt, and Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, Christ in the Tomb; statue of Mrs. Andrew D. White for Cornell University; Apollo and Mercury, in Berlin; Robert E. Lee; Pan and Amor; The Fountain of Neptune, for town of Neptune, Italy; bust of Lord Sherbrooke, for St. Margaret, West- minster, London; and scores of busts and reliefs, and Jefferson Monument, for Louisville, Ky. Address: 18 Piazzo delle Terme, Rome, Italy.

*Fechheimer, Melville H. Second Lieutenant, United States Army. Born December 20, 1872, Michigan. Private and corporal, Companies M and D, 18th Regiment Infantry, 1899-1901; second lieutenant 11th Regiment Infantry, 1901. Address: War Depart- ment, Washington, D. C. Fechheimer, Rose. Artist. Born August 15, 1875, Cincinnati, O. Daughter of Joseph K. Fechheimer and Therese Gutmann. Educated at Cincinnati public schools and Art Academy. Certi- 90 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK flcate of excellence in china painting and honorable mention, Cin- cinnati Museum Association. Artist at Rookwood Pottery, Cin- cinnati. Address: 3513 Reading Road, Avondale, Cincinnati. Feldman, Abram Meyer. Consulting Mechanical Engineer. Born August 7, 1863, Kiev, Russia. Son of Simon Feldman and Menicha Mermelstein. Graduate Teacher's Institute, Jitomir, Russia; B. S., M. E., Towne Scientific School, University of Penn- sylvania. Took two special summer courses in mechanical and electrical engineering laboratory work at Cornell University. Teacher, 1883-1887; draftsman and engineer, 1891-1892; draftsman and engineer Machinery Department, World's Columbian Exposi- tion, Chicago, 1893; associate professor Mechanical Engineering Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, 1894-1900; consulting engineering practice, 1901; with New York State Architect, 1902- 1903, as expert heating and ventilating engineer; since 1904 private practice as Consulting Mechanical Engineer, designing and super- intending the installation of power plants and heating and venti- lating systems for buildings. Came to United States in 1887; citizen, 1893. Address: 120 Liberty, New York. •Fields, Lewis Maurice. Actor. Born January 1, 1867, New York City. Son of Samuel Fields. Educated in New York public schools. Married Rose Harris. Began stage career, 1877; head Weber and Fields Company, 1885; proprietor Broadway Music Hall, 1895. Residence: 307 West 83d. Office: 1215 Broadway, New York. Fireman, Julius C. Artist and Illustrator. Born June 4, 1872, at Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. Son of Sol. Fireman and Elizabeth Kellner. Educated at Philadelphia high school, and Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Came to America at age of fourteen. Was teacher Easton High School, Easton, Md.; artist Pennsyl- vania Telegram, Reading, Pa.; Philadelphia Times; New York World; New York Herald. Was manager Levytype Company, Phil- adelphia. At present illustrator of books. Illustrated: War in the East; History of the World; Iliowizi's In the Pale; Edward Mar- shall's Lizette; Guy de Maupassant's works; and numerous stories in the magazines. Address: 23 East 14th, New York. Fireman, Peter. Research Chemist. Born April 4, 1863, Lipo- vetz, Russia. Son of Khaim Isaac Fireman and Bella Gorkhovski. Educated in Odessa Gymnasium. Graduate Charkov Gymnasium, 1881. Studied at Universities of Odessa, Konigsberg, and Zurich; Ph.D., 1893, University of Berne. Came to United States, 1882; farmed for several years in western Oregon. Studied in Germany BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 91 and , 1888-1892; assistant, 1892-1894; instructor, 1894- 1898; assistant professor chemistry, 1898-1901, George Washing- ton (formerly Columbian) University, Washington; professor chemistry, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1901-1902; chemist, Elmer A. Sperry Electro-chemical Research Laboratory, Washington, since 1902. Has published a number of monographs in chemical journals. Married Ernestine Weitz. Address: Alex- andria, Va.

Fischer, Louis. Physician. Born November 21, 1864, Kaschau, Austria-Hungary. Son of Ignatz Fischer and Louise Prankl. M. D., New York University; studied at Berlin. Married Clara Robert. Was instructor Diseases of Children, New York Post-Grad- uate Medical School and Hospital; physician to St. Mark's Hos- pital, New York. At present visiting physician Willard Parker Hospital, and Riverside Hospital, New York; attending physician since 1887, to Children's Department New York German Poly- klinik; consulting physician United Hebrew Charities, and Mes- siah Home for Children. Secretary of Section for Diseases of Children, American Medical Association, 1900. Read first clinical report of treatment of diphtheria by antitoxin before New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and at Municipal Hospital, Philadelphia, 1894. Author: Infant Feeding in Health and Disease, 1900, 1903. Address: 65 East 90th, New York. Fischkin, Edward A. Physician. Born October 6, 1S62, Kre- mentshug, Russia. Son of Abraham Fischkin and Rose Berger. High school and polytechnic education at Riga and Dresden. M. D., 1893, University of Berlin. Married Bertha Felsenthal, 1899. Adjunct professor Dermatology, Medical Department Illi- nois State University; attending dermatologist Cook County Hos- pital; Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess Hospital; United Hebrew Charities Free Dispensary; Home for Orthodox Aged Jews, all in Chicago. Private tutor, 1886-1888; studied medicine, 1889-1893; assistant in clinic of Dr. Max Joseph, Berlin, 1893-1894; came to Chicago, 1894. Among literary essays and medical articles pub- lished in various periodicals, the following are of Jewish interest: Proletarier-Poesie (on Morris Rosenfeld's Songs from the Ghetto), 1899; Tolstoy, 1901; Six Years in a Dermatologic Clinic (Free Dispensary United Hebrew Charities, Chicago), 1902. Translator of many of Rosenfeld's poems into German. Address: 692 North Hayne Av., Chicago, 111. Fishberg, Maurice. Physician. Born August 16, 1872, at Kamen- etz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of Philip Fishberg and Gittel Mauer- man. Educated in Kamenetz public schools. M. D., 1897, New 92 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

York University. Married Bertha Cantor. Came to United States, 1890. Fellow American Ethnological Society; member American Anthropological Association. Medical Inspector New York Health Department; physician Beth Israel Hospital Dispensary, New York; medical examiner United Hebrew Charities, New York. Has written articles for medical journals dealing with patho- logical characteristics of Jews; for Jewish Encyclopedia, on Cancer, Consumption, Diabetes, Craniometry, Hair and Eyes. Pre- liminary specimen of a work on the Anthropology of the Jews of various countries, with particular reference to those in the United States: Physical Anthropology of the Jews, American Anthropologist, 1903, 1904. Address: 79 West 115th, New York. Fleischman, Adolph. Architect. Born December 7, 1856, Al- bany, New York. Son of Solomon Fleischman and Catherine Lederer. Educated in Albany public and high schools. Arch. B., 1879, Cornell University. Married Rosetta A. Mann. Fellow American Institute of Architects, 1884. District Deputy Inde- pendent Order B'nai B'rith, District No. 1; superintendent Sun- day School, Council of Jewish Women; past president Gideon Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; president Asmonean Lodge, of same Order. Architect: Beth Emeth Synagogue, Albany, and synagogues in Troy and Rondout, New York. Office: 59 and 61 North Pearl. Residence: 277 Hudson Av., Albany, N. Y. *Fleischmann, Julius. Merchant; Mayor of Cincinnati, O. Born June 8, 1872, Riverside, O. Member of the staffs of Gover- nors McKinley, Bushnell, and Nash. Nominated as candidate of the Republican party for Mayor of Cincinnati, 1900, and elected April 2. Re-elected by a largely increased majority, April 6, 1903. Address: Cincinnati, O. Fleischmann, Simon. Lawyer. Born September 1, 1859, Iowa City, la. Son of Emanuel Fleischmann and Eliza Dessauer. Graduate Buffalo public schools and Central High School. Mar- ried Laura Justice. Was organist of leading Buffalo churches; for five years dramatic and musical editor Buffalo Courier; inde- pendent supervisor from twenty-first ward of Buffalo, 1898-1899; Republican councilman, 1900-1904; president Buffalo Board of Councilmen, 1902-1903; president Erie County Bar Association, 1903. Has written legal papers, dramatic and musical criticisms, editorial articles, and addresses. Address: 190 Edward, Buffalo, N. Y. Flexner, Abraham. Principal of The Flexner School. Born No- vember 13, 1866, Louisville, Ky. Son of Moritz Flexner and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 93

Esther Abraham. A. B., 1886, Johns Hopkins University. Mar- ried Anne Laziere Crawford. Instructor Louisville Male High School, 1886-1891. Has written essays on educational topics in Educational Review, International Journal of Ethics, Popular Science Monthly, and Atlantic Monthly. Address: 210 West Ormsby Av., Louisville, Ky.

Flexner, Simon. Director of the Laboratories of the Rocke- feller Institute for Medical Research, New York. Born March 25, 1863, Louisville, Ky. Son of Moritz Flexner and Esther Abraham. Educated in Louisville public schools. M. D., 1889, University of Louisville. Pursued post-graduate courses, Johns Hopkins Univer- sity and Universities of Strassburg, Prague, and Berlin. Married Helen Whitall Thomas. Fellow, associate, associate professor Pathology, and professor Pathological Anatomy, 1891-1900, Johns Hopkins University; professor Pathology, University of Pennsyl- vania, 1900-1904. Member Johns Hopkins University Medical Com- mission to the Philippine Islands, 1900; United States Government Commission for Investigation of the Bubonic Plague, San Fran- cisco, 1901; corresponding member Society Medica-Chirurgica, Bologna; member American Philosophical Society, Association of American Physicians, and other learned bodies. Wrote mono- graphs and papers on many pathological and bacteriological sub- jects. Address: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York.

Fluegel, Maurice. Author. Of German birth; emigrated early to Roumania. First education, secular and theological, in Rou- mania; attended Gymnasium in Leipzig, and pursued courses at Universities of Leipzig and Paris. Theological diploma, 1869, from Grand Rabbin Isidore, Paris; diploma for economical science, his- tory, and languages, 1862, Bucharest Academy. Docent at Buch- arest Academy. Officiated as rabbi in several congregations in the United States. Has written numerous essays in German, French, Roumanian, and English (Roumania and the Stroke of Policy of Prince Conza, 1865; American and Universal Judaism, 1865- 1868; The Oriental and the Roumanian Questions, 1868-1880; Mosaic Diet and Hygiene, 1881). Author: Thoughts on Religious Rites and Views, 1888; Spirit of the Biblical Legislation, 1893; Messiah-Ideal: vol. 1, Jesus of Nazareth, 1896; vol. 2, Paul and Mohammed, Gospel and Koran, 1896; Zend-Avesta and Eastern Religions, 1898; Israel the Biblical People, 1899; Philosophy, Qab- bala and Vedanta, 1902. Biblical Legislation is to occupy the , last three volumes of this series of ten. Address: 1125 North Strieker, Baltimore, Md. 94 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Foreman, Henry G. President Board of Commissioners of Cook County, 111. Born 1857, Chicago, 111. Son of Gerhard Foreman and Hannah Greenebaum. Married, 1885, Lottie Schwab. Edu- cated at Chicago public schools and business college. Received early commercial and financial training in First National Bank Has devoted career chiefly to real estate and financial operations. Officer and director in many corporations; one of the organizers Chicago Stock Exchange, Chicago Title and Trust Company, Chicago Real Estate Board. Director Chicago Union Traction Company since 1902; chairman Board of Directors, 1902; elected president Board of Commissioners of Cook County, 1902, for two years; appointed member South Park Commissioners, 1902 (term expires 190S); chosen president, 1903; inaugurated modern busi- ness methods in public office, including Cook County Institutional Service, erection of new county buildings, and purchase and im- provement of new parks in South Division, Chicago. Appointed on commission to create outer belt of parks and boulevards to circle Chicago and complete outdoor recreation system. Dele- gate to National Republican Convention in Philadelphia, 1900. Residence: 4706 Grand Boulevard. Offices: 402-408 Dearborn, 202 Court House, and corner 57th and Cottage Grove Av., Chicago, 111. Fraenkel, Joseph. Lecturer on Nervous Diseases, Cornell Uni- versity Medical College; Alienist and Neurologist to Bellevue Hospital, New York. Born July, 1867, Tysnitz, Austria. Son of Marcus Fraenkel and Ester Conn. Educated at the Imperial Royal Gymnasium, "Vienna. M. D., University of Vienna. Attend- ing physician Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, New York. Contributor to Reference Handbook of Medical Sciences. Ad- dress: 46 East 75th, New York. *Frank, Nathan. Lawyer; ex-Member of House of Representa- tives. Born February 23, 1852, Peoria, 111. Educated in Peoria public schools. Studied in Washington University, St. Louis. Graduate, 1871, Harvard Law School. Has practiced law, since 1871, in St. Louis. Republican nominee for the Fiftieth Congress, but was defeated; re-nominated for the Fifty-first Congress, and elected. Author of a work on bankruptcy law. Address: 1027 Century Building, St. Louis, Mo. *Frankenberger, Samuel. Second Lieutenant, Artillery Corps, United States Army. Born April 23, 1879, West Virginia. Ap- pointed cadet Military Academy, 1898; second lieutenant Artillery Corps, 1902. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. Frankenthal, Adolph Levy. United States Consul at Berne, Switzerland, since 1898. Born January 1, 1851, Liibeck, Germany. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 95

Son of L. J. Frankenthal and Henrietta Hirschberg. Educated in Liibeck and Hamburg Academies. Married Ettie J. Jacobs. In business in Hamburg, 1864-1871; resident of Boston, Mass., since 1871; naturalized, 1877; manufacturer fancy leather goods in Boston until 1898; inventor patented violin case. Secretary Society for Relief of Poor Russians, Boston, 1880. Contributor to Jewish papers in Germany and Switzerland on Hebrew literature. Home: 46 Quincy, Roxbury, Boston. Address: United States Con- sulate, Berne, Switzerland. Franklin, Fabian. Editor of The Baltimore News. Born Janu- ary 18, 1853, Eger, Hungary. Son of Morris J. Franklin and Sarah Heilprin. Educated at public schools of Philadelphia and Washington, and preparatory school Columbian College (now George Washington University). Ph. B., 1869, Columbian College; Ph. D., 1880, Johns Hopkins University; LL. D., 1904, George Washington University. Engaged in surveying and civil engi- neering, 1870-1877. Married, 1882, Christine Ladd. Fellow, associate, associate professor, and professor Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University, 1877-1895. Has written mathematical papers in American Journal of Mathematics and other journals, and articles on political, economic, and miscellaneous subjects in The Nation, New York, and other periodicals. Address: 220 West Monument, Baltimore, Md. Franklin, Melvin M. Physician. Born August 13, 1874, Phila- delphia, Pa. Son of Dr. Marcus Franklin and Matilda Morris. Studied in Rugby Academy, Pennsylvania Military College, Colum- bia University, Medical Department University of Pennsylvania. B. S.; Honorary M. A., 1903, La Salle College. Married Elsie Nathans. Visiting surgeon, St. Joseph's Hospital; and Jewish Hospital. Address: 1700 Oxford, Philadelphia, Pa. Franko, Jeanne (Mrs. Hugo Kraemer). Violin Virtuoso, Pro- fessor of Music. Born February 8, 1868, , La. Daughter of Herrman Franko and Helene Bergmann. Educated in Breslau, Berlin, and Paris; and under De Ahna and Vieux- temps. Married Hugo Kraemer. Played in Paris at Trocadero. Member Women's String Quartette St. Cecilia. Soloist with Theo- dore Thomas Orchestra, Anton Seidl Orchestra, Philip Sousa Orchestra, also travelled through United States to San Francisco as soloist. Organized the Jeanne Franko Trio. Leader American Woman's Orchestra. Address: care Steinway and Sons, 17 East 14th, New York. Franko, Sam. Conductor American Symphony Orchestra; Musi- cal Leader, Chorus of Society for Ethical Culture. Born January 96 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

20, 1857, New Orleans, La. Son of Herrman Franko and Helene Bergmann. Educated at Breslau and Berlin, Germany; pupil of Joachim, Vieuxtemps, and Leonard. Married Elizabeth Saar (deceased). Came to United States for a concert tour, 1869; played in salons of Mme. Viardot-Garcia, St. Sae'ns, Lalo, De Beri- ot, and Godard, 1870-1880. Made his debut in London before Prince of Wales, present King Edward. Became member, 1880, soloist, and concert-master, Theodore Thomas Orchestra; played in important cities in United States as soloist with Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston; has given string-quartette concerts at Steinway Hall. Was viola soloist in Philharmonic Orchestra; and conductor of Castle Garden free concerts, 1891. Organized Amer- ican Symphony Orchestra and gave a series of concerts with it at Chickering Hall. Produced the works of the early masters, from the original scores and with an orchestra of the size contem- plated by them, before small audiences. Has written composi- tions for violin and piano. Address: 717 Madison Av., New York. Freiberg, Albert Henry. Surgeon. Born August 17, 1868, Cin- cinnati, O. Son of Joseph Freiberg. Educated Cincinnati public schools. M. D., 1890, University of Cincinnati (Medical College of Ohio); pursued courses at Universities of Wiirzburg, Strassburg, Berlin, and Vienna. Professor Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati (Medical College of Ohio); Orthopaedic Surgeon to Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati and to Cincinnati Hospital. Mem- ber American Orthopaedic Association. Has written articles which have appeared in Transactions American Orthopaedic Association and in medical periodicals. Address: 19 West 7th, Cincinnati, O. Freidus, Abraham Solomon. Chief Jewish Department, New York Public Library. Born May 1, 1867, Riga, Russia. Son of Abigedor Freidus and Siissle Bass. Went to Paris, 1886; came to United States, 1889. Graduate Pratt Institute Library School, 1894. Librarian Calumet Club Library, 1894; cataloguer Gen- eral Theological Seminary Library, 1896; both of New York. Assistant cataloguer New York Public Library, 1897, and later organized its department of Hebraica and Judaica, now includ- ing nearly thirteen thousand volumes. Contributor to the Jewish press. Author: Bibliographical Lists of Jewish Subjects, Bulle- tin New York Public Library; A Scheme of Classification for Jewish Literature in the New York Public Library, containing nearly five hundred divisions, 1901. Address: New York Public Library, New York. Freudenthal, Wolff. Laryngologist. Born January 5, 1858, Chrostowo, Posen, Germany. Son of Louis Freudenthal and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 97

Rosalie Wolff. Pursued courses at Universities of Breslau, Leip- zig, and Berlin; state examination, 1894, and M. D., 1894, Freiburg in Baden. Married Alice L. Forchheimer. Consulting laryngologist St. Marks Hospital, Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids, and Beth Israel Hospital, New York. Honorary president International Medical Congress at Madrid, 1903; ex-president German Medical Society, New York, and of Deutscher Gesellig-Wissenschaftlicher Verein von New York. Served in German army at Berlin as sur- geon, 1879, and also at Freiburg. Author of publications on Dis- eases of the Nose and Throat, and on Tuberculosis. Address: 1003 Madison Av., New York.

Freund, Ernest. Professor of Law, Law School. Born January 30, 1864, New York. Son of Ludwig A. Freund and Nannie Bayer. Educated at Dresden and Frankfort on the Main, Germany. J. U. D., 1884, University of Heidelberg; Ph.D., 1897, Columbia University. Author: The Police Power, 1904. Address: 5730 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

Friedenberg, Albert Marx. Lawyer and Writer. Born January 9, 1881, New York City. Son of Leopold Friedenberg and Fannie Stern. Educated at New York public schools, Chapin Collegiate School, College City of New York. B. S., 1900, and LL. B., 1903, Columbia University. New York correspondent and representa- tive Jewish Comment, Baltimore, since 1902. Instructor in com- position, New York evening public schools, 1900-1904; lecturer Board of Education free lecture course. Editor of The Jewish Home since 1904. Has written monographs in Publications Amer- ican Jewish Historical Society; and articles in Jewish Encyclo- pedia, Jewish Quarterly Review, Albany Law Journal, Modern Language Notes, 's Quarterly, and in the American Jewish press. Author: Zionist Studies, 1904; The Jews in German Literature (MS.). Residence: 186 West 135th. Office: 38 Park Row, New York.

Friedenwald, Harry. Physician, Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. Born September 21, 1864, Baltimore, Md. Son of Dr. Aaron Frieden- "wald and Bertha Bamberger. A. B., 1884, Johns Hopkins Univer- sity; M. D., 1886, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Married Bertha Stein. Has written essays on Ophthalmological and Oto- logical subjects and on Medical History. President American Federation of Zionists since 1904; trustee Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Address: 1029 Madison Av., Baltimore, Md. 98 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Friedenwald, Herbert. Author. Born September 20, 1870, Bal- timore, Md. Son of Moses Friedenwald and Jane Ahlborn. Educated at private schools, Baltimore. A. B., 1890, Johns Hop- kins University; Ph.D., 1894, University of Pennsylvania. Chief of Division of Manuscripts in Library of Congress, Washington, 1897-1900; one of the founders and first recording secretary American Jewish Historical Society; corresponding secretary, 1898-1903; and now recording secretary. Member Publication Committee, Jewish Publication Society of America, and of histor- ical and economic societies. Delegate from Philadelphia to Sixth Zionist Congress, Basle, 1903. Has written articles for Publica- tions of American Jewish Historical Society, and Reports Amer- ican Historical Association. Edited draft of an Address of Con- tinental Congress to People of United States, 1776, American Historical Review, 1896. Author: A Calendar of Washington MSS. in the Library of Congress, 1901; The Declaration of Inde- pendence (in press). Address: 915 N. 16th, Philadelphia, Pa. Friedenwald, Julius. Physician. Born December 20, 1866, Baltimore, Md. Son of Dr. Aaron Friedenwald and Bertha Bamberger. Educated at Baltimore Zion School and at City College. A. B., 1887, Johns Hopkins University; M. D., 1890, College of Physicians and Surgeons; A.M., 1898, Loyola College, Baltimore. Pursued courses of study at Universities of Berlin and Vienna. Married Esther Lee Rohr. Professor Diseases of the Stomach and director Diseases of the Stomach, Clinical Labora- tory, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. Visiting physician to City Hospital, Bay View Hospital, Union Protestant Infirmary, and consultant in Digestive Diseases to St. Agnes Hos- pital, Baltimore. Has written numerous medical articles. Au- thor: A Text Book on Dietetics (with Dr. John Ruhrah). Ad- dress: 7 West Franklin, Baltimore, Md. Friedlaender, Israel. Professor of Biblical Exegesis and Liter- ature, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York. Born September 8, 1876, Wlodawa, Siedlec, Russian Poland. Son of Pinkus Friedlaender and Gitel Ehrlich. Educated at the Cheder and privately in Praga-Warsaw. Pursued courses at University of Berlin, 1896-1900. Ph. D., 1901, University of Strassburg. Pri- vat-docent Semitic languages, 1902-1903, University of Strassburg. Author: Der Sprachgebrauch des Maimonides, Ein lexicalischer und grammatischer Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Mittelarabischen, Part I, 1902. Translator: The Essays of Achad Haam; Dubnow's Essay in the Philosophy of Jewish History (both into German). Articles in various publications. Address: 371 West 116th, New- York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 99

Friedman, Isaac Kahn. Born November 3, 1870, Chicago, 111. Son of Jacob Friedman and Henrietta Kahn. Educated in Chi- cago public schools. Ph. B., 1903, University of Michigan. Author: The Lucky Number; Poor People; By Bread Alone; The Auto- biography of a Beggar. Address: 1 Van Buren, Chicago, 111. Frisch, William. Managing Editor of The Baltimore American. Born February 14, 1854, in Bohemia. Son of Siegfried Frisch and Sophia Krauskopf. Educated at Knapp's Institute, Baltimore, 1865-1868; and Bryant, Stratton, and Sadler's Business College, Baltimore, 1868. Came to America in 1865. General reporter on The Baltimore American, 1872-1875; introduced systematic City Hall reporting in Baltimore, 1875; City Hall reporter, 1875- 1880; wrote first weekly political review in Baltimore for The Sunday American, 1879, continuing the department until 1889; political editor The Baltimore American, 1879-1889; Washington correspondent, 1880, 1881; managing editor since 1881. Address: Hotel Altamont, Baltimore, Md. *Frohman, Charles. Theatrical Manager. Born June 17, 1860, Sandusky, O. Educated in New York public schools. Employed in office Daily Graphic, New York; sold tickets at Hooley's Thea- tre, Brooklyn; took charge of company sent West to play " Our Boys," 1877; was with J. H. Haverly (Haverly's Mastadon Min- strels), 1879-1880, in United States and Europe; went on road with "Lady Clare" and "Victor Durand," 1881; organized a com- pany to bring out Shenandoah, 1881; organized Charles Frohman Stock Company, 1890; now proprietor and manager Empire, Cri- terion, Lyceum, Garrick, Savoy, Madison Square, Knickerbocker, and Garden Theatres, New York; Duke of York Theatre, London; joint manager Vaudeville Theatre, London. Address: Empire Theatre, New York.

Frohman, Daniel. Theatrical Manager. Born 1854, Sandusky, O. Son of Henry Frohman. Educated at Sandusky. Married Maud Light. Manager of theatres, stars, and plays, and occasion- ally of musical artists. Address: 159 West 79th, New York. Fromenson, Abraham H. Editor English Department The Jew- ish Daily News and The Jewish Gazette, New York. Born No- vember 4, 1873, at Chicago, 111. Son of Benjamin Fromenson and Dora Fuxman. Educated at New York public schools, even- ing high schools, special courses at New York University. Jewish education by father. Married Ruth Berman. Was editor Jewish Tidings, Rochester, N. Y.; reporter Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester Herald, and Associated Press; editorial 100 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK writer New York Daily News. Chairman Education Committee and member Executive Council Federation of American Zionists; one of the organizers Jewish Boys' Brigade, and New Era Club; mem- ber New York Committee Jewish Publication Society of America. Has written several hundred essays under title, The Voice of the Ghetto, in The Jewish Daily News and The Jewish Gazette, and magazine articles dealing especially with physical culture for Jews. Address: care Jewish Daily News, New York. Fuchs, Julius. Professor and Literature, Cincinnati High School, since 1895. Born October 16, 1846, St. George, near Vienna, Austria. Son of Simon Fuchs and Rebecca Weinberger. Elementary education at St. George, secondary and college course at Vienna, in Ober-Realschule, 1863-1866; Imperial Pedagogical Seminary or Normal School, Vienna, 1866-1869. Di- ploma as teacher, Vienna, 1869; English principal's and Special or High School certificate Cincinnati Board of Examiners, 1872. Married Jeannette Ehrenfest. Director Boys' Institute, Vienna, 1869-72; principal of German Intermediate School, 1872-1895, Cincinnati, O. Three volumes of articles collected from European and American periodicals ready for publication: 1. Eighteen Lec- tures on Pedagogical Topics; 2. Fifteen Lectures on Home Edu- cation, and, 3. Seventy-five poems, Tender Blossoms. Delivered lectures before normal institutes, teachers' associations, and liter- ary societies. Address: P. O. Box 46, Cincinnati, O. Furth, Emanuel. Attorney-at-law. Born September 26, 1857, Reading, Pa. Son of Leopold Furth and Babette Levy. Educated in Philadelphia public schools. A. B., 1874, Central High School; LL. B., 1878, Law Department University of Pennsylvania. Mar- ried Lizzie Rosenbaum. Member Pennsylvania Legislature, 1881- 1885; delegate to City, State, and National Democratic Conven- tions; delegate to National Democratic Convention at St. Louis, 1904; nominated for judge Court of Common Pleas, 1903, on Democratic ticket. Prominent in Masonic and State military circles; captain in Old Guard Infantry Battalion State Fenci- bles; president of several building associations; secretary Law- yers Club of Philadelphia since 1892. Author: The Tourist Out- ward and Homeward Bound. Address: 13th and Chestnut, Phila- delphia, Pa. Gans, Howard S. Assistant District Attorney, County of New York. Born October 23, 1872, New York City. Son of Levi L. Gans and Adelaide Schiller. Educated at Friends' Schools, Penn Charter School, Philadelphia; and Dr. Julius Sachs's Collegiate Institute, New York. B. A., 1892, Harvard College; LL.B., New BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 101

York Law School. Deputy Assistant District Attorney, 1901-1902; Assistant District Attorney, since 1902. Wrote article in North American entitled, In the Matter of the Lawlessness of the Police. Address: Criminal Courts Building, New York. Garfunkel, Charles. Superintendent of Police, Savannah, Ga. Born November 13, 1872, at Savannah, Ga. Son of Benjamin M. Garfunkel. Educated at Savannah public schools. Was merchant. Address: Police Headquarters, Savannah, Ga. Garsson, Morris. Life and Fire Insurance Broker. Born De- cember 19, 1860, in Russia. Son of Mordechai Gerson and Sarah Rosalsky. Chiefly self-taught. Married Annie Epstein. Repre- sentative M. Gardner and Company, New York, 1883-1898; in dry goods business, 1896-1900; manufacturer during 1901, New York. Has written various Hebrew poems published in Ner ha-Maarabi, 1895-1896; Ha-Ibri, 1895-1896; Die Deborah, 1896. Address: 118 East 109th, New York. Gerson, Emily Goldsmith. Writer of juvenile stories. Born April 30, 1868, Philadelphia, Pa. Daughter of Abraham Gold- smith and Cecelia Adler. Educated in Philadelphia public schools. Married Felix Gerson. Teacher in Philadelphia public schools, 1887-1892. Author: The German Cousins in America, 1900 (as a serial); The Picture Screen, 1904; Polly and her Chum, 1904 (as a serial). Has written many short juvenile stor- ies in various publications since 1890. Address: 1627 North Franklin, Philadelphia, Pa. Gerson, Felix N. Journalist, Manager The Jewish Exponent, staff writer on Public Ledger, Philadelphia. Born October 18, 1862, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Aron Gerson and Eva Goldsmith. Educated in Philadelphia public schools; A. B., Central High School. Married Emily Goldsmith. Chief Clerk Coal Shipping Department, Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, 1880- 1890; managing editor Chicago Israelite, 1890-1891; manager Jew- ish Exponent since 1891; staff writer Public Ledger since 1895; staff writer American Musician, Freund's Music and Drama, and other New York papers at various times. Appointed by president of Pennsylvania R. R. Company to take charge of Elizabeth coal dock property, and succeeded in settling strike at that end of the line, 1887. Wrote poem on death of Queen Victoria which received favorable editorial notice in London Times; selected to read poem at dedication of new Philadelphia High School build- ing, 1902. Author: Some Verses (volume of poems), 1893. Poems in magazines and newspapers. Address: 1627 North Franklin, Philadelphia, Pa. 7 102 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Ginzberg, Louis. Professor of Talmud and Rabbinics, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Born November 28, 1873, Kovno, Russia. Son of Isaac Ginzberg and Cecilia Jaffe. Edu- cated at Talmudical Colleges at Telsh and Kovno. Pursued courses in Oriental languages and history, and in philosophy, at the Universities of Berlin, Strassburg, and Heidelberg. Ph. D., 1898, Strassburg. Came to America, 1899. Editor Jewish Ency- clopedia, Department of Rabbinical Literature, 1900-1903. Author: Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvatern, 1899; Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvatern und in der apokryphischen Litteratur, 1900. Con- tributor to Monatsschrift fur Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Breslau; Jewish Quarterly Review, London; and Jewish Encyclopedia (about one-fifth of the first volume). Im- portant articles in Jewish Encyclopedia: on Akiba, Allegorical Interpretation, Baraita, Joseph Caro, Cabala, and Law (Codifica- tion of). Address: 60 West 115th, New York. Goldensky, Elias. Photographer. Born September 9, 1867, Russia. Son of Benjamin M. Goldensky. Married Nettie Gold- berg. Received highest awards at various photographic exhi- bitions. Address: 270 South Second, Philadelphia, Pa. Goldfaden, Abraham. Yiddish Playwright. Born July 12, 1840, Starokonstantinov, Russia. Educated at Talmudical College of Jitomir. Taught in Government schools of Simferopol and Odessa, 1867-1875; founded Yisrolik (a humorous weekly) in Lemberg, 1875; founded Bukowiner Israelitisches Volksblatt, at Czerno- witz; produced his first drama at Jassy, 1876; returned to Odessa, 1878, with a troupe of actors and a repertoire of fourteen plays. Forbidden to produce Yiddish plays in Russia, 1883; went to Roumania, Galicia, and Warsaw, and, in 1887, came to New York; established the New Yorker Illustrirte Zeitung (Yiddish), and was connected with the Roumanian Opera House. Went to Paris, 1889; and returned to New York, 1903. Author: Zizim u-Perahim (Hebrew poems), 1865; Das Yiidele (Yiddish songs), 1866, and twenty-five dramas in Yiddish, among them Die Rekruten, Schmendrik, Die Kishufmacherin, Shulamit, and Bar Kochba. Address: Grand Theatre, New York.

Goldfogle, Henry Mayer. Member of Congress from the Ninth District of New York; Lawyer by profession. Born May 23, 1856, New York City. Son of Mayer Goldfogle and Hannah Herz. Edu- cated in New York public schools and Townsend's College. Ad- mitted to bar when twenty-one. Judge of Municipal Court, New York City, 1888-1900; resigned to resume law practice. Drafted and secured enactment of a law by the State legislature which BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1Q3 allows an execution against the body to issue against a delin- quent debtor on a judgment in favor of a working woman for services performed by her; author present law in New York providing for an expeditious remedy to collect judgments ob- tained by laborers, mechanics, and other wage-earners ior wages earned or for labor performed; served several terms as grand president District No. 1, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, and is one of the judges court of appeals of that Order. Is prominently identified with many of the leading fraternal organizations and clubs, and with several financial institutions. Was governor, Home for Aged and Infirm at Yonkers. Is now director, Hebrew Infant Asylum, and vice-president Temple Rodeph Shalom, New York. Delegate to almost every State convention since 1877; dele- gate, 1896, National Democratic Convention. Elected to Congress, 1900; re-elected, 1902. Author and secured adoption by Congress, April 21, 1904, of resolution respecting Russia's refusal to honor American passports held by Jews, the basis of recent request by American Ambassador at St. Petersburg for abrogation of restric- tion or for a new treaty. Address: 271 Broadway, New York. Goldmark, Rubin. Composer, Lecturer on musical topics. Born August 15, 1872, New York. Son of Leo Goldmark and Augusta Stern. Educated at New York public schools and College City of New York. Studied at University of Vienna, and Vienna Conservatory of Music; subsequently pupil of Dvorak and Joseffy in New York; Hon. M. A., 1900, Colorado College. Director Colo- rado College Conservatory of Music, 1895-1901. Delivered one hundred and fifty lectures between New York, Montreal, and Salt Lake City on the Wagner music dramas and other subjects. His orchestral works and chamber music performed by the late Anton Seidl, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Kneisel Quartette, and Prill Quartette of Vienna. Compositions: Trio for piano, violin, and cello; Sonata for piano and violin; Romanza for cello; numerous songs and piano compositions; unpublished: Orchestral Overture Hiawatha (performed by Boston Symphony Orchestra); Theme and Variations (performed by Anton Seidl Orchestra); Cantata for orchestra and chorus; Quartette for piano and strings. Address: 144 West 127th, New York.

Goldsmith, Milton. Merchant. Born May 22, 1861, Philadel- phia, Pa. Son of Abraham Goldsmith and Cecelia Adler. Grad- uate Philadelphia High School, 1877. Studied three years in Zurich, Switzerland; special courses in literature, language, and music. Married Sophie Hyman. Author: Rabbi and Priest, 1891; A Victim of Conscience, 1903; numerous short stories in Jewish and non-sectarian papers; poems appearing in The Cosmopolitan, 104 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Puck, Life, and other periodicals; several librettos of comic operas; A Romance of Kief, a drama; Quarantined, a comedy; other literary and musical works. Address: 46 East 58th, New York.

Gordin, Jacob M. Playwright. Born May 1, 1853, at Mirgorod, Poltava, Russia. Son of Michael Gordin. Educated at private schools. Married Anna Itzkowitch. Teacher Russian private and public schools. Editor two Russian daily papers, Odesski Novesti, and Elisavetgradski Vestnick, and, in 1893, of a Russian paper in New York. Contributor to many Russian and American magazines and papers. Has written about seventy dramas, in- cluding translations and adaptations. Founded, 1879, Bible Brotherhood Society, devoted to ethical culture and social re- forms. Came to America, 1891. Author: classical dramas: Me- dea; Medea's Youth; realistic dramas: God, Man, and the Devil; The Orphan; Mirele Efros; The Yiddish King Lear; essay: Vol- taire, his Life and Works, his Merits as an Educator and his Atti- tude to the Jewish Race. Address: 256 Madison, Brooklyn, New York.

Gottheil, Richard James Horatio. Professor Semitic Languages Columbia University. Born October 13, 1862, Manchester, Eng- land. Son of Rabbi and Rosalia Wallman. Edu- cated at Chorlton High School, Manchester, Eng., and Columbia Grammar School, New York. Studied at Columbia College, and at Universities of Berlin and Tubingen; Hochschule fur die Wis- senschaft des Judenthums, and Die Veitel-Heine-Ephraimsche Lehranstalt in Berlin. A. B., 1881, Columbia College( now Univer- sity) ; Ph. D., Leipzig. Married Emma Rosenzweig, 1891. Presi- dent American Federation of Zionists, 1898-1904; head of Ori- ental Department New York Public Library; member German Oriental Society, SociSt6 des Etudes Juives, Paris, Jewish His- torical Society, England, Council American Oriental Society; president Society of Biblical Literature, 1902-1903; treasurer American Jewish Historical Society until 1904; vice-president Judaeans, New York; member Actions-Committee of Zionist Or- ganization. Author: The Syriac Grammar of Mar Elia of Zobha, Berlin, 1887; one of the editors of the Jewish Encyclopedia since 1901; contributor to Johnson's Encyclopedia, 2d edition; Zeit- schrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Journal American Oriental Society, Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, Journal Society of Biblical Literature, Publications American Jewish His- torical Society, Century Magazine, North American Review. Ad- dress: Columbia University, New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 105

Gottheil, William S. Physician. Born February 5, 1859, Berlin, Germany. Son of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil and Rosalia Wallman. Edu- cated at Victoria Park School, Manchester, Eng., studied at New York University, and in Scientific Department Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Licentiate, 1878, Cornell University; M. D., 1882, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Married Viola Shepperd. House physician Charity Hospital, 1882-1883; lecturer Dermatology New York Polyclinic, 1886-1890; professor Pathol- ogy, American Veterinary College, 1888-1894; professor Derma- tology New York School of Clinical Medicine, 1890-1891; Derma- tologist, Northwestern Dispensary, and German West Side Dis- pensaries, 1890-1900; consulting Dermatologist Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Orphan Asylum, 1900. Is at present visiting physician New York City Hospital, Lebanon Hospital, and Beth Israel Hospital, New York. Author: Illustrated Skin Diseases, 1897; The Treatment of Skin Cancers, 1901; Syphilis, its Diagnosis and Treatment, 1901; Elements of Pathology, New York, 1890. Edi- tor: Dermatology and Syphilis; and Clinical Recorder, 1896-1898. Has written numerous articles and pamphlets. Address: 144 West 48th, New York.

Greenbaum, Leon E. Lawyer. Born November 17, 1872, Balti- more, Md. Son of Emanuel Greenbaum and Caroline Seliger. Edu- cated at Baltimore public schools and Baltimore City College. A. B., Johns Hopkins University; LL. B., Law Department Uni- versity of Maryland. Was city attorney of Baltimore. Address: 1614 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. Greenbaum, Leopold. Professor, since 1896, of Materia Medica, Anaesthesia, and Odontotechny at Philadelphia Dental College. Born October 9, 1858, Arva, Hungary. Son of Philip Greenbaum and Marie Goldfinger. Educated at Arva and Vienna schools, and Philadelphia public schools. D. D. S., 1881, Philadelphia Dental College; M. D., 1888, Medico-Chirurgical College, Phila- delphia. Appointed assistant professor Materia Medica and Chem- istry in Dental College, 1881, and lecturer. Moving spirit in the organization of the Garretsonian Society; editor and manager of The Stomatologist since the first issue. Member National and State Societies and Academy of Stomatology. Has read numer- ous papers before other societies. Address: 1420 Chestnut, Phila- delphia, Pa.

Greenbaum, Samuel. Justice Supreme Court, State of New York. Born January 23, 1854, London, England. Son of Louis Greenbaum and Rachel Deborah Schlesinger. Educated at New York public schools. M. A., College City of New York; LL. B., 106 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Columbia College Law School. Married Selina Ullman. Was president Young Men's Hebrew Association; and of Aguilar Free Library Society. Now vice-president Educational Alliance; trus- tee Jewish Theological Seminary of America; and trustee New York Public Library. Address: 2 East 94th, New York. Greenstone, Julius H. Born April 23, 1873, Mariampol, Russia. Son of Pesah David Grtinstein and Leah Puskelinsky. Jewish education in the Cheder and Talmudical College; secular instruc- tion private, in Russia, and in New York public schools. A. B., 1900, College City of New York; A. B., 1902, University of Penn- sylvania; rabbi, 1900, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Is pursuing post-graduate course University of Pennsylvania. Married Carrie E. Amram. Lecturer to Congregation Mickve Israel, Philadelphia, 1900-1902. Author: Congregational Activi- ties (a series of sermons), 1901; The Religion of Israel, 1902; contributor to Talmudic Department Jewish Encyclopedia and to Jewish journals. Address: 915 North 8th, Philadelphia, Pa. Gross, Charles. Professor of History, Harvard University, since 1888. Born February 10, 1857, Troy, New York. Son of Louis Gross and Lottie Wolf. Educated at Troy High School. A. B., 1878; A.M., 1882; LL. D., 1904, Williams College; Ph.D., 1883, Gottingen. Pursued courses at Universities of Berlin, Leip- zig, and Paris, 1879-83. Did literary work in England, 1883-1888. Author: Gilda Mercatoria, 1883; The Exchequer of the Jews of England in the Middle Ages, 1887; The Gild Merchant, 1890; Select Cases from the Coroners' Rolls, 1896; A Bibliography of British Municipal History, 1897; The Early History of the Ballot in England, 1898; The Sources and Literature of English History, 1900. Address: 11 Putnam Av., Cambridge, Mass. Gruening, Emil. Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon, Mount Sinai Hospital; consulting ophthalmic surgeon, German Hospital; sur- geon New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, all of New York. Born October 2, 1842, Inowrazlaw, Prussia. Son of Moritz Gruening and Bertha Thorner. Elementary education at Inowrazlaw. Pur- sued courses at University of Berlin, and University of Paris. M. D., 1867, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Mar- ried Phoebe Fridenberg. Enlisted in Seventh Regiment New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, 1865; participated in battle of Hatcher's Run, siege of Petersburg, and pursuit of Lee. Studied ophthal- mology under A. von Graefe, Berlin, 1867-1870. Professor Oph- thalmology New York Polyclinic, 1882-1895. Author: Treatise on Wounds and Injuries of the Eyes and their Appendages (in American System of Ophthalmology); On the Operative Treat- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 107 ment of Divergent Strabismus; On the Operative Treatment of Ptosis and Notes on Operations upon the Mastoid Process; On the Operative Treatment of Otitic Brain Abscess; etc. Address: 36 East 57th, New York. Guggenheim, Daniel. Capitalist. Born July 9, 1856, Phila- delphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia, Pa. Married, 1884, Florence Shloss. At seventeen years of age went to Switzerland and conducted manufacture of embroideries for eleven years. Chairman Execu- tive Committee American Smelting and Refining Company; presi- dent Guggenheim Exploration Company; member firm of M. Guggenheim's Sons, and member Executive Committee and di- rector National Bank of Commerce, New York; trustee Temple Emanu-El, New York; member Executive Committee and treas- urer Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York. Ad- dress: 12 West 54th, New York. Guggenheim, Isaac. Member firm of M. Guggenheim's Sons. Born June 7, 1854, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia. Married Carrie Sonneborn. Treasurer and director American Smelting and Refin- ing Company, and Guggenheim Exploration Company; director National Park Bank, Plaza Bank, International Banking Corpor- ation, and Educational Alliance, all of New York. Address: 763 Fifth Av., New York. Guggenheim, Simon. Capitalist. Born December 30, 1867, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia; studied languages abroad. Married Olga Hirsh. Director and member Executive Committee Ameri- can Smelting and Refining Company; managing director Guggen- heim Exploration Company, and director and member Executive Committee United Lead Company. Address: 71 Broadway, New York. Guggenheim, Solomon R. Capitalist. Born February 2, 1861, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia, Pa., Concordia Institute of St. Gallen, and at Zurich, Switzerland. Married Irene Rothschild. Director and member Executive Committee American Smelting and Refin- ing Company; chairman Board United Lead Company; managing director Guggenheim Exploration Company. Was president Great Mexican National Smelting Company before merger with American Smelting and Refining Company. Address: 71 Broad- way, New York. 108 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Guggenheim, William. Capitalist. Born November 6, 1868, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Meyer Guggenheim and Barbara Myers. Educated at Philadelphia public schools and high school; pur- sued scientific course at University of Pennsylvania, 1885-1887; entered Wharton School of Finance with intention of studying law on completing course, but returned to Scientific Department University of Pennsylvania (B. S., 1889). Superintendent Phila- delphia Smelting and Refining Company, Pueblo, Colo., 1890-1891; general manager M. Guggenheim's Sons mining and smelting interests in the Republic of Mexico, 1891-1901; constructed their lead smelting works at Monterey, Nuevo Leon, 1891; and their lead and copper smelting establishment at Aguascalientes, 1894. Was secretary and treasurer of these two companies; vice-presi- dent and treasurer Philadelphia Smelting and Refining Company, Pueblo. Retired from active business pursuits when these com- panies were consolidated and merged with others, 1901. At pres- ent member of firm of M. Guggenheim's Sons, New York. Inter- ested in charitable and educational affairs. Member Pennsylvania Society of New York, member and vice-president New York Alumni Society University of Pennsylvania. Address: 500 Fifth Av., New York. Guggenheimer, Aimee. Librarian Bureau of Forestry, United States Department of Agriculture (resigned June 1, 1904). Born October 20, 1875, Baltimore, Md. Daughter of Isaac Guggen- heimer and Clara Hirsh. Educated at Baltimore public schools, and Southern Home School, Baltimore. B. A., 1896, Woman's College, Baltimore; B. L. S., 1899, New York State Library School, Albany. Librarian Bureau of Forestry, United States Department of Agriculture, 1899-1904. Author: Frobel and the Kindergarten (New York State Library, Bibliography 26), 1901. Address: 1704 Madison Av., Baltimore, Md.

Guggenheimer, Randolph. Lawyer. Born July 20, 1848, Lynch- burg, Va. Graduate New York University Law School, 1869. Married Eliza Katzenberg, 1875. Entered, 1869, upon practice of law; 1882, formed partnership with Isaac and Samuel Untermyer; since 1893 the firm is Guggenheimer, Untermyer, and Marshall. School Commissioner of City of New York, 1887-1896; secured enlarged accommodations for the children of school age; pro- moted the evening high school system, and the Free Lecture courses; obtained legislative grant of $25,000 for a gymnasium at the Normal College; advocated the retention of the German language on the school curriculum. President Municipal Council City of New York, 1898-1902, acting as Mayor of the city during the summers of those four years. Erected New York Commercial BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 109

Building, pioneer of the large office buildings on Broadway. Address: 923 Fifth Av., New York. *Gump, David R. Second Lieutenant, United States Army. Born May 19, 1880, Missouri. Private and corporal coast artillery (general recording sergeant), 1901-1902; appointed second lieu- tenant 18th Regiment Infantry, October 28, 1902. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. Hahn, Frederick E. First Violinist Hahn String Quartette, Philadelphia; violin instructor. Born March 23, 1869, New York City. Son of Henry Hahn and Clara Mayer. Educated at Leipzig Conservatory of Music, 1886-1890; won violin prize for solo play- ing, 1890. Member Gewandhaus Orchestra, Leipzig, Germany, 1888- 1890, Carl Reinesche, director; made concert tour of the United States, playing in principal cities; became member and for five years first violinist Boston Symphony Orchestra under Arthur Nikisch and Emil Paur; retired on account of eye-trouble; settled in Philadelphia. Composer of songs, violin solos, and two pieces for string orchestra (all in MS.). Address: 1524 Chestnut, Phila- delphia, Pa. Hallgarten, Charles L. Born November 18, 1838, at Mainz, Germany. Son of Lazarus Hallgarten. Educated at Mainz and Mannheim, Germany, and at New York. Married Elise Mainzer (deceased). Connected with various mercantile houses; active in firm of Hallgarten and Herzfeld, 1856-1862; Hallgarten and Company, 1864-1877. Now special partner in firm of Hallgarten and Company, New York. Active in charity and communal work in Frankfort on the Main since 1883. Address: Miquelstrasse, 21, Frankfort on the Main, Germany.

Hamburger, Louis Philip. Physician. Born September 18, 1874, Baltimore, Md. Son of Phillip Hamburger and Rachel Bernei. Educated at Baltimore public schools, and pursued courses at Maryland College of Pharmacy, and University of Berlin. A. B., 1893; M. D., 1897, Johns Hopkins University. Mar- ried Freda Hamburger. Resident house officer Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897-1898; assistant in medicine, 1899-1900, and in- structor in medicine, 1900, Johns Hopkins Medical School. Now associate in medicine Johns Hopkins Medical School; clinical assistant Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary; visiting physician Union Protestant Infirmary; consulting physician Hebrew Hos- pital; examining physician National Jewish Hospital for Con- sumptives. Has contributed to medical journals. Address: 1210 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. 110 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Hammerstein, Oscar. Theatrical Manager. Born May 8, 1848, Berlin, Germany. Son of Abraham Hammerstein. Educated at Berlin. Married Malvina Jacoby. Has been active as journalist, editor, theatre builder, and theatrical manager. Inventor of machinery. Composer of several songs, and the operas Marguerita and Santa Maria. Address: Victoria Theatre, New York. Harburger, Julius. Under Sheriff, County of New York. Born February 22, 1851, New York. Son of Joseph Harburger and Rosa Bernstein. Educated at New York public schools. Married Lena Reutlinger. Appointed, 1881, interpreter, and 1887-1895, clerk Fourth District Municipal Court; excise commissioner, 1895; elected to legislature of New York, 1898, 1899, 1900, and 1901; re- appointed clerk of court, 1901; resigned 1902 to become under sheriff County of New York. Has been member of Free Sons of Israel for thirty-one years; United States Grand Master of the Order, 1891-1901; and governor Home of B'nai B'rith, Yonkers. Has represented the Tenth District of New York City in Tam- many Hall for six consecutive years. Address: 50 St. Marks Place, New York. Harby, Lee C. Writer. Born September 7, 1849, Charleston, S. C. Daughter of Marx E. Cohen and Armida Harby. Educated at home by father (gold medal graduate of Glasgow University), and her grandaunt, Caroline de Litchfleld Harby. Married Jacob De La Motta Harby. Has been director Daughters of the Con- federacy of Charleston; and is now director Memorial Associa- tion of Charleston. Was chairman of Literature, Sorosis Society, New York; historian and recording secretary Daughters of the American Revolution in Charleston; member Board of Lady Managers, Executive Committee, and Press Committee, and chair- man Convocation Committee, Charleston Exposition. Member of various historical societies, and of Society of Authors in London and in New York. Read twice before the American Historical Society in Washington, on Land of the Tejas and Earliest Texas. Author: Judy Robinson, Milliner; The City of a Prince; Texas Types and Contrasts; The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches; An Historical Town; Romance of an Old Town; Fidelia; Dr. Bodley; Jessamine; and a number of poems. Won hundred dollar prize for the words for an official Flag Song for the State of Texas, since set to music and used in public schools and colleges of the State. Address: Charleston, S. C. Harkavy, Alexander. Representative of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society of New York at Ellis Island, N. Y. Born May 5, 1863, Nowogrudok, Minsk, Russia. Son of Joseph Moses Harkavy and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Freide Kulik. Educated at Cheder and the Talmud Torah in Bible and Talmud; private instruction in ancient and modern languages and the sciences. Married Bella Segalowska. At four- teen issued a handwritten journal in Hebrew. Employed, 1879- 1882, in printing establishment of Widow and Brothers Romm, Wilna, as type polisher and invoice clerk. Came to America in 1882; worked on a farm in Dutchess County, N. Y., in various factories, and then became a private teacher. Lived in Paris, 1885; returned to America, 1886; teacher of Hebrew at school of Shaar Hashamayim Congregation, Montreal, Can., 1886-1887. On editorial staff The Abend-Post, New York, 1902-1903. Founder and secretary Hoveve Zion Association, New York, 1885; founder and president Hoveve Zion Association, Montreal, 1887; founder and president I. B. L. Literary Society, Baltimore, 1888. Has contributed articles, since 1885, on linguistic, timely, and literary topics, to numerous English, Hebrew, and Yiddish journals, in Europe and America. Editor: Die Zeit (Yiddish), Montreal, 1889; Der judischer Progress (Yiddish), Baltimore, 1900; Der Liigner (Yiddish, with A. Tannenbaum), New York, 1892; The Hebrew American Weekly (English), New York, 1894; Der neuer Geist (Yiddish), New York, 1897; Judisch Amerikanischer Volks- Kalender (Yiddish), New York, 1894-1900; Der zwanzigster Jahr- hundert (Yiddish almanac), 1900. Author: A number of manuals of the English language, Yiddish-English, Russian-English, He- brew-English; dictionaries, vocabularies, phrase books, conver- sation books, letter writers, etc.; biographies (in Yiddish) of Washington and Columbus; defenses of the Yiddish language, and treatises on it; and his Autobiography (1903). Address: 427 East 122d, New York.

Hart, John I. Dentist. Born August 7, 1865, at New York. Son of Benjamin J. Hart and Harriette Morrison. Educated at Columbia Grammar School and New York College of Dentistry; D. D. S., 1886. Married Augusta J. Solomon. President, Alumni Association New York College of Dentistry; New York Odon- tological Society; First District Dental Society. Vice-president National Dental Association; professor Operative Dentistry, Den- tal Pathology, and Therapeutics, New York Dental School. Trus- tee Congregation Shaaray Teflllah. Publications: Minute Struc- ture of Dentine, in Dental Cosmos, 1891; Diseases of the Antrum, read before Dental Society, State of New York, at Albany, 1890; A Plea for the Maintenance of High Preliminary Educational Requirements, read before Eighth District Dental Society, State of New York; The Care of the Teeth from the Second to the Twelfth Year, in Information; and The Profession of Dentistry, in Success. Address: 118 West 55th, New York, 112 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

*Hauser, Carl Frankl. Humorist and Writer. Born December 27, 1847, Janoshaza, Hungary. Received rudimentary secular and Talmudic education at home. Obtained free scholarship at the Theatre Academy, Vienna; accepted engagements with the Vienna Stadttheater, 1872, remaining over two years; and with the Duke of Meiningen's troupe, at Berlin, 1875. Emigrated to New York, 1875; was engaged for one season at the Germania Theatre; and at Thalia Theatre, 1879-1881. Joined staff of Puck, German edi- tion, 1876; associate editor, 1876-1879, 1881-1892. Founded Ger- man humorous weekly, Hallo, 1892, conducting it for about two years; joined staff of The New York Herald, and was a contributor for two years; founder of Biirger-und-Bauern Kalen- der (annual), 1897. Author: Twenty-five Years in America: Recollections of a Humorous Nature, 1900; the libretto to Made- leine, the Rose of Champagne. Contributed to Puck a series entitled Letters of Dobbljew Zizzesbeisser. Has taken part in many reform movements as member of German-American Reform Union and Citizens' Union. Popular lecturer. Address: 171 East 83d, New York. Hays, Daniel P. Lawyer. Born March 28, 1854, Pleasantville, Westchester County, New York. Son of David Hays and Judith S. Peixotto (daughter of Dr. D. L. M. Peixotto, medical author). Educated at New York public schools and College City of New York. LL. B., 1875, Columbia Law School. Married Rachel Hershfleld. President village of Pleasantville; Temple Israel of Harlem; Young Men's Hebrew Association, New York; and Har- lem Democratic Club. Chairman Municipal Civil Service Com- mission, New York; sheriff's counsel New York City; and grade commissioner. Secretary Jewish Theological Seminary before its reorganization; member Board of Trustees Jewish Publication Society of America. Member firm of Hays and Greenbaum for seventeen years, now Hays and Hershfleld. Active as trial lawyer at New York bar. Resides on old homestead farm, in family since 1785, at Pleasantville. Address: 141 Broadway, New York.

Heilprin, Angelo. Lecturer in Physical Geography, Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Born March 31, 1853, Sator- alya-Ujhely, Hungary. Son of Michael Heilprin and Henrietta Silber. Studied at Royal School of Mines, London, Geneva, etc. Professor Invertebrate Paleontology, subsequently Geology, and curator in charge, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; pro- fessor Geology Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia; president Geographical Society of Philadelphia, and vice-president American Alpine Club. Has made journeys in Okeechobee Wil- derness of , 1886; Mexico, 1890; North Africa, 1896; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES H3

Klondike, 1898-1899. Leader Peary Relief Expedition (Green- land), 1892. Ascended Arizaba, Popocatepetl, Ixtaccihuatl, etc., in Mexico, 1890; Pelee, Martinique, 1902-1903. Author: Ex- plorations in Okeechobee Wilderness; The Bermuda Islands; Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals; Town Geol- ogy; Geological Evidences of Evolution; Alaska and the Klon- dike; and Mont Pelee and the Tragedy of Martinique; etc. Ad- dress: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

Heilprin, Louis. Encyclopedist. Born July 2, 1851, Miskolcz, Hungary. Son of Michael Heilprin and Henrietta Silber. Has been connected with various encyclopedic publications, including New International Encyclopedia, and Lippincott's Gazetteer, not yet completed. Author: The Historical Reference Book, 1884, sixth edition, 1899; The Reformed Primer and First Reader, 1900. Address: 219 West 138th, New York.

Held, Anna. Star, Theatrical Company and Anna Held Opera Company. Born September 19, 1878, Paris, France. Daughter of Jean Held and Emilie Estephe. Educated at Paris. Married Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. Star Anna Held Opera Company for seven years, producing Smith and De Koven's operas, Papa's Wife, and The Little Duchess; and Jean Richepin and Gustav Luder's Mam'selle Napoleon. Actress and leading comedienne Folies Ber- gere, Paris, four years. Address: 86, Faubourg St. Honore, Paris, France.

Heller, Joseph Milton. Physician, Professor Tropical Diseases, George Washington University, Washington. Born January 29, 1872, Staunton, Va. Son of Jonas Heller and Pauline Frank. Edu- cated at Washington, D. C, and Streator, 111., public schools; pri- vate tuition from Professor Fisher, Waverly School, Washington. M. D., 1896, Georgetown University. Resident physician Garfield Hospital, Washington, 1896-1897; assistant demonstrator Anat- omy, University of Georgetown, 1898; acting assistant surgeon United States Army, 1898-1900; major and surgeon United States Volunteers, 1901-1902, the first appointment made by the Presi- dent under the Army Reorganization Bill of 1901, consequently the ranking major and surgeon of Volunteers. Was recommended in General Lawton's report for attending wounded under fire, in campaign of Northern Luzon, P. I.; recommended by cable to War Department, for promotion, by General Otis, 1900; com- mended for efficient supervision and quarantine of water supply of Manila, P. I., during cholera epidemic, 1902. Address: 1510 H, N. W., Washington, D. C. 114 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Hellman, Frances. Born October 4, 1853, New York. Daughter of Joseph Seligman and Babette Steinhart. Educated in New York. Studied in Germany for a few years. Married Theodore Hellman (deceased). Has been president and director of sev- eral charitable and educational institutions, and is interested in musical and literary affairs. Has been school inspector in New York. Translated from the German: Heine's Lyrics and Ballads; Kinkel's Tanagra; from the French: Leroy-Beaulieu's Israel among the Nations. Address: care George S. Hellman, 309 West 80th, New York. Herbst, Eva. Teacher. Born January 3, 1867, near Cincinnati, O. Daughter of Lemuel Herbst and Lena Joseph. Educated at Cincinnati High School, and Cincinnati Normal School. Primary teacher Cincinnati public schools; Hebrew Sabbath School teacher, K. K. Bene Israel, Cincinnati. Author: Tales and Customs of the Ancient Hebrews for Young Readers. Address: 1308 Locust, East Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. Hermalin, David M. Playwright. Born May 12, 1865, Vaslin, Roumania. Son of Abraham Abba Hermalin. Educated in Buch- arest, Roumania. Married Henrietta Lustgarten. Was connected as journalist with Roumanian newspapers in Bucharest; compelled to leave for protesting against the persecution of Jews; arrived in New York, 1886; taught French, then Hebrew. Was editor Daily Jewish Herald, and The Jewish World. Translated into Yiddish most of Zola's and Tolstoi's works; Gulliver's Travels; and Bernstein's Popular Science. Has written a Hebrew pam- phlet on The Jews and the Freemasons; and in English an article on Roumanian Jews in America. Author: Die Gottheit; Die Liebe (both scientific dissertations), and the following novels: Die Heirath; Freie Liebe; Letzter Blutsturz; all in Yiddish. Has written nine plays. Address: 102 Powell, Brooklyn. Herrman, Henry. S. President Union Exchange Bank of New York. Born April 27, 1847, New York. Son of Simon Herrman and Celia Hubert. Educated at New York public schools and privately. Married Jennie Goodman. Was president Mutual Relief Association of New York for sixteen years; president Grand Lodge Independent Order B'nai B'rith, 1877-1879; master Mt. Neboh Lodge, F. and A. M., 1888-1889. Is director of Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids since 1892; trustee of Temple Beth El since 1889; and vice-president Hudson Realty Company. Founded firm of Hellman and Herrman, 1870, which became Henry S. Herrman & Co., and dissolved, 1886; entered real estate business as Adler & Herrman, 1887. Residence: 54 East 80th, New York. Office: 5th Av. corner 20th, New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES H5

Herrmann, Leon. Prestidigitateur. Born March 13, 1867, Paris, France. Son of Benjamin Herrmann and Caroline Hirshmann. Educated at College Springer, Paris, France. Married Marie Vedie. Was under direction of his uncle, Carl Herrmann, when twelve years old; succeeded him in 1887. Has given performances of magic in every large city in the world, and has appeared before almost all the crowned heads of Europe; has given a number of charitable entertainments for the benefit of Jewish institutions; gave performance for Hebrew Orphan Asylum, 1904, and for the benefit of National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives at Denver. Address: 51 West 91st, New York.

Herts, Henry B. Architect and Engineer. Born January 23, 1871, New York. Son of Henry B. Herts and Esther Moss. Studied at College City of New York, and Columbia University; Ecole National des Arts Decoratives and Ecole National des Beaux Arts, Paris, France; South Kensington Arts School, Lon- don, Eng.; at Heidelberg, Germany; and Villa Ludovica, Rome, Italy. Author: Theory of Modern Art; The Tenement House Question; Cement and Iron in Modern Structures. Works: Bates College, Lewiston, Me.; Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; Villa Julia, Lyceum Theatre, New Amsterdam Theatre, Liberty Theatre, New York; the Columbia Memorial, etc. Address: 32 East 28th, New York.

Hertz, Alfred. Musical Conductor at Metropolitan Opera House, New York. Born July 15, 1872, Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Son of Leo Hertz and Sara Koenigswerther. Educated at Gym- nasium, Frankfort on the Main, and Raff Conservatorium. Con- ductor Hoftheater, Altenburg, Saxony, 1892-1895; Stadttheater, Barmen-Elberfeld, 1895-1899; Stadttheater, Breslau, 1899-1902. Conductor of concerts in London, 1899; of German operas at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, since 1902. Decorated with order for Art and Science of Saxony, 1894. Conducted first performance of Parsifal outside of Bayreuth, at Metropolitan Opera House, 1903. Address: Metropolitan Opera House, New York.

Hessberg, Albert. Lawyer (retired). Born December 13, 1856, Albany, N. Y. Son of Simon Hessberg and Hannah Westheimer. Educated at Albany public and high schools. Married Frederika Cohen. Was assistant corporation counsel, commissioner to draft Code of Laws and Ordinances for the City of Albany, and re- corder City of Albany. Governor Albany Hospital; trustee South End Dispensary, and Albany City Savings Institution; president Albany Jewish Home Society, and Capitol Railway of Albany; 116 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

treasurer and has been vice-president New York State Bar Asso- ciation; director Cohoes Railway Company, local board American Surety Company, City Safe Deposit Company, and Home Tele- phone Company; ex-president Gideon Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; treasurer University Extension Centre; member Executive Committee Albany Branch Industrial Removal Society. Member law firm of Rosendale and Hessberg, successors to Peck- ham, Rosendale, and Hessberg. Office: 57 State. Residence: 222 Lancaster, Albany, N. Y. Hessberg, Samuel. Banker and Broker. Born June 13, 1859, Albany, N. Y. Son of Simon Hessberg and Hannah Westheimer. Educated at Albany public and high schools. Married Rose G. Brilleman. President Adelphi Club; vice-president Young Men's Association; trustee Union Trust Company. Prominent in re- organization of Distilling and Cattle Feeding Company. Sent Northern Pacific stock by special train to New York from Albany during corner in Northern Pacific stock, 1901. Address: 38 Wil- lett, Albany, N. Y. Heyman, Seymour C. President Chamber of Commerce, Okla- homa City. Born August 1, 1861, New York. Son of Caesar Hey- man and Caroline Steinberg. Educated at New York public schools and College City of New York. Married Beckie Gerson. Treasurer Roosevelt's Rough Rider Reunion, 1900; Masonic Lodge; Fairlawn Cemetery Association, and Cattlemen's Conven- tion, 1904. Oklahoma delegate to Washington, 1902, in behalf of single statehood. Chairman Committee World's Fair Affair, Okla- homa City. Was president Hebrew Congregation, and has several times refused nomination by Democratic party for mayor, as well as other political offices. Exalted Ruler Elks. Address: 108 Main, Oklahoma City, O. T. Hillkowitz, Philip. Physician. Born September 7, 1873, Salant, Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi Elias H. Hillkowitz. Educated at Cincinnati public and high schools. B. S., 1894, University of Cincinnati; M. D., 1897, Ohio Medical College. Professor Path- ology, Denver and Gross College of Medicine, Denver, Colo.; path- ologist Denver County and City Hospital, National Jewish Hos- pital for Consumptives, St. Anthony's Hospital, and Mercy Hos- pital; chemist Colorado State Board of Health. Emigrated to United States, 1885; settled in Cincinnati; moved to Denver, 1897; while at University and Medical College was translator and cor- respondent in French, German, Spanish, Italian, and Russian to Cincinnati firms engaged in export business. Address: 1427 Stout, Denver, Colo. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

*Hillquit, Morris. Lawyer. Born August 1, 1870, Riga, Russia. Educated at Riga Gymnasium. Emigrated to the United States, 1887; studied law, and was admitted to New York bar, 1893. Active in the Socialist movement since 1888; delegate to Rochester convention, 1899-1900; served as a representative of the Rochester wing of the Socialist Labor party at Unity convention held at Indianapolis, 1900, and was prominent in fusion of his party with the Social Democratic party founded by Eugene V. Debs. National committeeman from the State of New York, 1903. Counsel for a number of trade unions during labor disputes. Has contributed numerous articles to the Socialist press of America. Author: The History of Socialism in the United States, 1903. Address: 320 Broadway, New York. *Hirsch, Harry J. Captain, Infantry, United States Army. Born December 29, 1867, Pennsylvania. Graduate Central High School, Philadelphia, 1885. Cadet Military Academy, 1887; second lieu- tenant 15th Regiment Infantry, 1891; first lieutenant, 18th Regi- ment Infantry, 1897; transferred to 4th Regiment Infantry, 1900; appointed captain 25th Regiment Infantry, July 13, 1900; trans- ferred to 20th Regiment Infantry, July 30, 1900. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. Hirschberg, Michael Henry. Presiding Justice of the Appel- late Division of the Supreme Court, State of New York, Second Department. Born April 12, 1847, Newburgh, N. Y. Son of Henry M. Hirschberg and Fanny Francks. Married Lizzie McAlles. Was special county judge and district attorney Orange County, N. Y.; president Board of Education, Newburgh; state delegate to constitutional convention, New York State, 1894; justice Supreme Court, 1896; appointed on Appellate Division, 1900; presiding justice, 1904. Address: Supreme Court, New- burgh, N. Y. Hirschfelder, J. V. Professor Clinical Medicine, Cooper Medical College, San Francisco. Born September 8, 1854, Oakland, Cal. Son of Aaron Hirschfelder and Henrietta Block. Educated at San Francisco public schools. Studied at University of California, 1869-1871. M. D., 1876, University of Leipzig. Married Clara Honigsberger. Professor Materia Medica, 1879-1881, and professor Clinical Medicine, 1881-1882, Medical College of the Pacific; pro- fessor Clinical Medicine, Cooper Medical College, since 1882. Has written various articles for medical journals, and for Cyclopaedia of Diseases of Children, also Monograph on Treatment of Tubercu- losis. Residence: 1392 Geary. Office: 481 Geary, San Francisco, Cal. 118 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Hirsh, Abram Bernheim. Physician. Born March 21, 1858, Lancaster, Pa. Son of Herman Hirsh and Augusta Bernheim. Educated at Lancaster public schools. M. D., 1882, Jefferson Col- lege, Philadelphia. Pursued post-graduate courses in Berlin and other European cities. Fellow College of Physicians of Phila- delphia, 1888. Married Olga Tachau. Resident physician German Hospital; instructor Operative Gynaecology, Jefferson College; ad- junct professor Orthopaedic Surgery, Polyclinic; physician to Char- ity Hospital, and Home for Aged Couples, all of Philadelphia. Member American Medical Association, Pennsylvania State Medi- cal Society, Philadelphia County Medical Society, College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Medical Jurisprudence Society, and Medical Club. Ex-president Medico-Legal Society of Philadelphia. Has done editorial work on medical journals and text books. Address: 1711 Diamond, Philadelphia, Pa. Hirsh, Hugo. Lawyer. Born December 22, 1848, in Germany. Son of Philip Hirsh and Dorothea Indig. Educated in New York public schools; studied law in office of the late Anthony Barrett until admission to bar. Married Katie A. Burhaus. Counsel to Brooklyn Board of Police and to sheriff of Kings County. Was Republican candidate for Supreme Court judge, but was defeated, 1895; counsel to Assembly Cities Committee to investigate Depart- ment of Charities in Kings County, 1895. Thirty-second degree Mason, member of Kismet Temple. Author: On Juries; Tabu- lated Digest of the Divorce Laws of the United States. Has con- tributed articles to magazines. Address: Temple Bar, 44 Court, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hirsh, Jose Lewis. Physician; Professor of Pathology, Univer- sity of Maryland. Born September 12, 1871, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Henry Hirsh and Babette Strauss. A. B., 1892, Johns Hopkins University; M. D., 1895, University of Maryland; and pursued post-graduate courses in medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895-1896, and University of Berlin, 1896-1898. Married Amelia Moses. Demonstrator Embryology, University of Mary- land, 1898; lecturer on Bacteriology, Woman's Medical College, 1899; assistant professor Pathology, 1900, professor Pathology, 1901, University of Maryland; coroner Baltimore City, 1902-1904. Has written numerous monographs on Bacteriology, Pathology, and Diseases of Children. Address: 1819 Linden Av., Balti- more, Md. Hirshinger, Herbert Jay. Captain United States Marine Corps. Born at Thomasville, Ga. Son of Jay Hirshinger and Marion Heineman. Educated at public schools and Staunton Military BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES H9

Academy, Staunton, Va. Married Ethel Millikin. Second lieu- tenant 1st N. C. Volunteers in war with Spain. Appointed second lieutenant United States Marine Corps, January, 1900; first lieu- tenant, July, 1900, captain, December, 1904. Served in war with Spain in Cuba; in China Relief Expedition, 1900; in Philippines, 1900-1903; Panama, 1903-1904; and on several ships United States Navy. Address: Marine Barracks, Navy Yard, League Island, Pa.

Hoffheimer, Harry Max. Justice Superior Court, Cincinnati, O. Born August, 1868, Cincinnati, O. Son of Max Hoffheimer and Sarah Rauh. Educated at Cincinnati public schools; pursued special course at Harvard. LL. B., 1889, Cincinnati Law School. Married Stella Feiss. For two years assistant corporation counsel City of Cincinnati; elected member Ohio House of Representa- tives; resigned after session to assume duties of prosecuting attorney for Hamilton County, and was re-elected, 1903. Appointed to fill vacancy on bench of Superior Court by Governor M. T. Herrick, 1904. Address: 2335 Grandview Av., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O.

Hoffman, Benjamin. Justice Municipal Court, Borough of Man- hattan, Fifth District, New York. Born April 15, 1864, New York. Son of David L. Hoffman and Babette Heilman. Educated at New York public schools. LL. B., University of New York. Married Rebecca Wallenstein. Member of State Assembly, 1895- 1899. One of minority members Mazet Special Committee to investigate the affairs of the City of New York, 1899. Address: 271 Seventh, New York.

Hollander, Jacob H. Professor of Political Economy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Born July 23, 1871, Balti- more, Md. A. B., 1891; Ph.D., 1894, Johns Hopkins University. Instructor Political Economy, Amherst College, 1894. Instructor, 1895, associate, 1896, and associate professor Finance, 1899-1900, Johns Hopkins University; associate professor Political Economy, 1900-1902, director of department, 1902-1904, professor and head of department, 1904, Johns Hopkins University. Secretary Bime- tallic Commission abroad in 1897; chairman Municipal Lighting Commission, City of Baltimore, 1900; chairman Committee on Municipal Finance, Baltimore Reform League; appointed special commissioner to revise the laws relating to taxation in Puerto Rico by Secretary of War, 1900; while engaged in this service was appointed treasurer of Puerto Rico by President McKinley; organized treasury department and devised and introduced pres- ent revenue system (Hollander Law) of island, resigning August, 120 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

1901, after system was in successful operation. Appointed, 1904, special agent for the United States to devise a system of taxation for Indian Territory. Member of various historical, economic, and statistical societies. Trustee American Jewish Historical Society, and member Publication Committee, Jewish Publication Society of America. Author: The Cincinnati Southern Railway, A Study in Municipal Activity, 1894; The Financial History of Baltimore, 1899; Letters of David Ricardo to J. R. McCulloch, 1895 (edited); Letters of David Ricardo to Hutches Trower (edited, with James Bonar, LL. D.), 1899; The Financial History of Baltimore, 1899; Studies in State Taxation, with particular reference to the South- ern States, 1900; Reprint of Economic Tracts (edited), 1903. Contributor to economic and other journals and Publications American Jewish Historical Society. Address: 2011 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. "Horowitz, Moses Ha-Levi. Playwright. Born Adar 7, 1844, Stanislau, Galicia. Established Jewish theatre at Bucharest, 1876, and was the first to introduce actresses on the Jewish stage. Went to New York, 1884, with a company of his own. Has written one hundred and sixty-nine plays, among them, Das Polische Yingel; Schlome Chochom; Kuzri; Chochmath Noshim; Ben Hador; Yetziath Mizraim; Tissa Eslar, and a play on KishinefE. Address: Windsor Theatre, Bowery, New York.

Hourwich, Isaac A. Expert Special Agent, Bureau of the Census. Born April 27, 1860, Wilna, Russia. Son of Adolph Hourwich and Rebecca Shevelevich. Educated at Classical Gym- nasium, Minsk; studied at University of St. Petersburg, Russia; LL. M., 1887, Demidov Juridical Lyceum, Jaroslav, Russia; Ph. D., 1893, Columbia University, New York. Married Louise Joffe. Docent in Statistics, University of Chicago, 1893-1895; instructor in Statistics, Columbian (now George Washington) University, Washington, D. C, 1901-1903; translator, Bureau of the Mint, 1900-1902; expert special agent, Bureau of the Census, since 1902. Imprisoned four times in Russia for being " politically unsafe," and deported to Siberia for four years. Emigrated to escape further unpleasantness. Practiced law three years in Russia, and seven years in the United States. Author: Peasant Emigration to Siberia (in Russian), 1888; The Economics of the Russian Vil- lage, 1893. Has written a number of articles and monographs for periodical publications. Address: 1347 East Capitol, Washing- ton, D. C.

Htihner, Leon. Lawyer. Born September 18, 1871, Berlin, Germany. Son of Edward Huhner and Minna Jakmuss. B. A., BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 121

1890, College City of New York; M. A., 1893, and LL. B., 1893, Columbia University. Came to New York in 1876. Curator Amer- ican Jewish Historical Society. Author: Francis Salvador, a Prominent Patriot of the Revolutionary War; The Jews of Georgia in Colonial Times; The Jews of New England prior to 1800; Gershom Mendez Seixas, the Patriot Jewish Minister of the American Revolution; and a number of additional essays on the history of the Jews in America; Andrew H. Green, a Tribute to his Memory, 1903. Contributed articles to the Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, Jewish Encyclopedia, Jewish Comment, American Hebrew, and other periodicals. Ad- dress: 64 East 58th, New York. Hummel, Abraham Henry. Lawyer. Born July 27, 1850, Bos- ton, Mass. Son of Moses Hummel and Hannah Newburge. Edu- cated at New York public schools. Counsel for theatrical mana- gers of America and Great Britain; also attorney for French dramatic authors. Address: 346 Broadway, New York. Husik, Isaac. Instructor in Hebrew, Gratz College, Philadel- phia, Pa. Born February, 1876, at Vasentinez, Poltava, Russia. Son of Wolf Husik and Hanna Pia Husik. Received private Hebrew instruction in Russia before age of twelve; studied with Rev. Dr. Sabato Morais, and at Central High School of Philadel- phia. A. B., 1897; A. M., 1899; Ph. D., 1903, University of Pennsyl- vania. Holder of University Research Fellowship in Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania. Teacher of Hebrew, Hebrew School No. 3, Hebrew Education Society, Philadelphia. Has ready for publication: Messer Leon's Commentary upon the Vetus Logica; The Categories of Aristotle. Has contributed to the Jewish Encyclopedia. Address: 616 Morris, Philadelphia, Pa. Iliowizi, Henry. Author. Born January 2, 1850, Choinick, Minsk, Russia. Son of Elijah Sckorow and Dinah Moses. Studied in the Chedarim of Choinick; the Talmudical College of Vietka, near Gomel; under Dr. H. Baerwald, Frankfort on the Main, 1870- 1872; in the Jewish Teachers' Seminary, Berlin, under Ch. Hor- witz, 1872-1875; at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Breslau, 1875-1877; and spent two years in London and Paris under the Anglo-Jewish Association and the Alliance Israelite Universelle. Naturalized in Roumania under the name Iliowizi. Married Mathilda Flesch. Taught in school of the Alliance at Tetuan, Morocco, for three years, and for four years at Gibraltar. Emi- grated to the United States, 1880; preacher of Congregation Sharai Tob, Minneapolis, Minn., 1881-1888; rabbi of Congre- gation Adath Jeshurun, Philadelphia, 1888-1901. Travelled in 122 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK the Azores and North Africa, 1901-1902; and now resides in London. Author: Sol (an epic poem); Herod (a tragedy); Joseph (a drama); Jewish Dreams and Realities; Saul (a Bibli- cal tragedy); Through Morocco to Minnesota; In the Pale; The Weird Orient; The Archiery of Samara; The Quest of Columbus (an epic poem). Several works in press (The Hand of the Kabbalist, The Little Fugitive, Zrofia Podolska). Address: 63 Collingwood Av., Muswell Hill, N., London, Eng. Illoway, Henry. Physician. Born November 29, 1849, at Kollin, Bohemia. Son of Rabbi Bernhard Illoway and Katharine Schiff. Educated in public schools and under private tutors. M. D., 1869, Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. Resident physician, Cincin- nati Hospital, 1869-1870; formerly professor Diseases of Children, Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and visiting physi- cian Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati. Has contributed articles to the medical press. Author: Constipation in Adults and Children; Ueber diatetische Vorschriften bei der Behandlung chronischer Herzleiden, in Berliner Klinik, 1903; The Summer Diarrhoeas of Infants, in Berliner Klinik, 1904. Address: 1113 Madison Av., New York. Imber, Naphtali Herz. Author. Born December 25, 1856, Zlo- czow, Galicia. Son of Samuel Imber. Married Amanda Katie Davidson. Author: Barkai (two volumes of poems); Topics of To-day in the Talmud; Keynote to Mystical Science; Treasures of Ancient Jerusalem; The History of the Golden Calf; The Educa- tion of the Talmud; Autobiography (in press); Ha-Tikwah, the Zionish anthem. Editor: Uriel, a monthly magazine, Boston. Address: care A. S. Freidus, New York Public Library, New York. Isaacs, Isaac S. Lawyer. Born, 1845, New York. Son of Rabbi Samuel M. Isaacs and Jane Symmons. Educated at Forrest and Quackenbos' Collegiate School, New York. A. B., 1865; and A. M., 1867, New York University; LL. B., 1867, Columbia Uni- versity. Married Estelle Solomon (deceased). President West End Synagogue since 1898; of Hebrew Benevolent Fuel Associa- tion since 1879; secretary United Hebrew Charities since 1879; a founder and, 1876-1879, president of Young Men's Hebrew Associa- tion; president Union of Jewish Congregations in New York, 1900; president first National Conference of the Jewish Charities of the United States, 1899; vice-president of the same, 1900. Editor of The Jewish Messenger, 1867-1878; contributor thereto, until 1902. Publisher of Friday Night (Jewish tales), 1871. Address: 110 East 73d, New York, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 133

Israels, Charles Henry. Architect. Born December 23, 1865, New York. Son of Lehman Israels (brother of Josef Israels, the Dutch painter) and Florence Zilla Lazarus. Educated at Irving Institute, Tarrytown, and Art Students League, and studied for a short time in Paris. Married Belle Lindner. Employed by the late Charles B. Atwood for some years; manager office of Richard Berger; worked in many other offices during career as draughtsman. Firm constructed Hahnemann Monument, Wash- ington, D. C; Hudson Theatre, Arlington Hotel, and Warrington Hotel, New York. Winners of second and third prizes in com- petition for Model Tenements held by Charity Organization So- ciety. Member American Institute of Architects, New York Chapter Architectural League, and Municipal Art Society. Has done occasional newspaper work, chiefly for New York Herald. Writer for the technical press on architectural topics, especially on improved tenements and on hotels and apartment houses. Edi- torial writer for Architecture. Residence: 179 West 97th. Office: 31 West 31st, New York. Jacob, Ephraim A. Attorney-at-law. Born January 14, 1845, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Julius Jacob. B. S., College City of New York, and LL. B., Columbia University Law School. Mar- ried Miss Bendit. Justice of the Court of Special Sessions, City of New York, 1895-1901. Author: Jacob's Fisher's Digest of the English Common Law (11 vols.) ; New York Common Pleas Re- ports (vols. 10-17 Daly's Reports). Address: 25 Broad, New York. Jacobs, Joseph. Author and Critic. Born August 29, 1854, Sydney, N. S. W. Educated at Sydney Grammar School and University; St. John's College, Cambridge, Eng. (senior moralist, 1876). Also studied under Steinschneider and Lazarus, 1877, in Berlin. Secretary Society of Hebrew Literature, 1878-1884; secre- tary of the Mansion House Committee (in aid of Russian Jewish immigrants), 1882-1900; honorary secretary Literature and Art Committee of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, 1887; went to Spain to investigate Jewish manuscript sources, 1888; lecturing tour in the United States, 1896; came to New York, 1900, to act as revising editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia, which position he now occupies. Corresponding member Royal Academy of History, Madrid, and Brooklyn Institute. One of the founders and, 1898-1899, president Jewish Historical Society of England; one of the founders of the Maccabeans, London; member for many years of Executive Committee Anglo-Jewish Association, and of conjoint committee of the same association with Board of Deputies, London, Was honorary secretary Inter- 124 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK national Folk-Lore Council, and, 1881, chairman literary com- mittee Folk-Lore Congress in London. Member Publication Com- mittee, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1904. Contributor to Jewish Chronicle, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Athenaeum, and numerous other periodicals. Editor: Folk-Lore; Jewish Year Book (English), 1896-1899; Literary Year Book, 1898-1899; The Jewish World, New York; and, at present, Jewish Charity, New York. Has issued many collections of fairy tales, and many editions of the English classics. Edited: North's Fables of Bidpai, 1887; Caxton's ^sop, 1889; Painter's Palace of Pleasure, 1891; Howell's Familiar Letters, 1892; Day's Daphnis and Chloe, 1890. Has written introductions to Arabian Nights, Morris's Old French Romances, Austen's Emma, Chamisso's Peter Schlemihl, Thackeray's Esmond, etc. Author: Bibliography of Anglo-Jewish History (with Lucien Wolf), 1887; English Fairy Tales, 1890; Studies in Jewish Statistics, 1890; Celtic Fairy Tales, 1890; The Persecution of the Jews in Russia (appendix: Anti- Jewish Legislation in Russia), 1891; Indian Fairy Tales, 1892; Tennyson and In Memoriam, 1892; Jews of Angevin England, 1893; More English Fairy Tales, 1893; Sources of the History of the Jews in Spain, 1894; More Celtic Fairy Tales, 1894; Studies in Biblical Archaeology, 1894; Statistics of Jewish Population in London, 1894; iEsop's Fables, 1894; Literary Essays, 1895; Rey- nard the Fox, 1895; As Others Saw Him, 1895; Jewish Ideals, 1896; Wonder Voyages, 1896; Story of Geographical Discovery, 1898. Address: care Funk and Wagnalls Company, 44-60 East 23d, New York. Jacobson, Maurice. Librarian, Bureau of Statistics, Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. Born July 5, 1868, at Riga, Russia. Son of Lazar B. Jacobson and Ida Cohn. Educated at Riga Classical Gymnasium, 1879-1885; University of Moscow, 1885-1890; School of Political Science, Columbia Univer- sity, New York, 1892-1893, 1894-1895. Author: The World's Sugar Production and Consumption, 1800-1900; Commercial Russia. Address: Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. Jacobson, Nathan. Physician and Surgeon. Born June 26, 1857, Syracuse, N. Y. Son of Israel Jacobson and Mary Sulz- bacher. Educated at Syracuse high school. M. D., 1877, College of Medicine, Syracuse University. Married Minnie Schwartz. Professor Clinical Surgery, College of Medicine, Syracuse Uni- versity; surgeon St. Joseph's Hospital, Syracuse, and consulting surgeon Syracuse Hospital for Women and Children. Has con- tributed to medical societies and journals. Address: 430 South Salina, Syracuse, N. Y. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Jastrow, Joseph. Professor of Psychology, University of Wis- consin, Madison. Born January 30, 1863, Warsaw, Poland. Son of Rabbi Marcus Jastrow and Bertha Wolffsohn. Educated at Rugby Academy, Philadelphia. A. B., 1882, University of Pennsylvania; Ph. D., 1886, Johns Hopkins University. Married Rachel Szold, 1888. Fellow in Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, 1885-1886. In charge of psychological exhibit of Chicago World's Fair, 1893; president American Psychological Association, 1900. Author: Time Relations of Mental Phenomena, 1890; Fact and Fable in Psychology, 1900. Contributor to Psychological Review, American Journal of Psychology; Popular Science Monthly; Century Maga- zine; Harper's Magazine; Scribner's; Educational Review; Har- per's Weekly; Science; etc. Address: 247 Langdon, Madison, Wis. Jastrow, Morris, Jr. Professor Semitic Languages and Libra- rian, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Born August 13, 1861, Warsaw, Russia. Son of Rabbi Marcus Jastrow and Bertha Wolffsohn. Educated at private schools, 1866-1877; B. A., 1881, University of Pennsylvania; Breslau and Leipzig Universities, 1881-1884; Ph.D., Leipzig University; Paris and Strassburg Uni- versities, 1884-1885. Married Helen Bachman. One of the Secre- taries of the American Philosophical Society. Author: Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, 1898; Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, 1902; The Study of Religion, 1901; two grammatical treatises of Abu Zakarijja Hayyug. Editor: Selected Essays of James Darmesteter (translated by Mrs. Jastrow), 1895. Editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia, Department of the Bible, vols. 1 and 2, and Semitic Department, International Encyclopedia. Con- tributor to Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, the Encyclopedia Biblica, etc. Has written numerous papers in technical periodi- cals. Address. 248 South 23d, Philadelphia, Pa.

Joffe, Joshua Abraham. Instructor in Talmud, especially Rab- binical Jurisprudence, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, at New York, since 1902. Born February 2, 1862, Nesvizh, Minsk, Russia. Son of Passah Joffe. Talmudic education received in Nesvizh, Lechowitz, Selvde, and Volosin. Rabbinical authoriza- tion conferred by I. J. Reiness, 1881, and the " Hochschule" of Berlin, 1888. Officiated as rabbi in Vishnove, 1880, and in Moabit (a suburb of Berlin), 1889-1892. Pursued courses in philosophy under Paulsen, Zeller, and Lazarus; in history under Erdman and Treitschke; and in Semitics under Sachau and Diteritzi, at the University of Berlin, 1886-1890. Came to America, 1892; preceptor in Talmud and Rabbinical Ethics, Jewish Theological Seminary, 1892-1902; instructor in Hebrew and Jewish Ethics, 126 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Hebrew Orphan Asylum, since 1893. Author: Emendationen in Talmud und Midrasch (in Israel), 1885; Zu Rappaport's Erech Millin (in Israel), 1886; Beitrage zur Geschichte der Amoraim (Berliner's Magazin), 1885; En Yafeh (specimens of a Tal- mudic Concordance not yet completed), 1885; Le-Toledot ha- Amoraim, 1886; Biography of Graetz (Rab Poalim Mekabziel), 1887; Gabra de-Moreh Mesayeh (in Ha-Asif), 1887; Metibe Zaad va-Leket (in Ha-Asif), 1887; Al ha-Halifot ve-ha-Temurot (in Ha-Zeflrah), 1887-1889; M. Lazarus, 1894; H. Steinthal, 1893, and Salvation without Noise, 1898 (in American Hebrew), 1898; Spirit of Judaism (in Hebrew Standard), 1896; Beni u-ben Chomi (in Jewish Exponent), 1901. Correspondence, editorial articles, etc., in various periodicals. Address: 530 West 123d, New York.

Jonas, Benjamin F. Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Born July 19, 1834, Williamstown, Kentucky. Son of Abraham Jonas and Louisa Block. Educated at private schools in Illinois; LL. B., 1855, Law University of (now Tulane). Married Jose- phine A. Block. Member both branches Louisiana legislature, 1865-1867, 1870, 1872, 1877-1878; city attorney New Orleans, 1874- 1878; United States Senator from Louisiana, 1879-1885; collector of customs at New Orleans, 1885-1889; member Democratic Na- tional Committee, Louisiana, 1876-1888. Has lived in Louisiana and practiced law there since 1853. Served in Confederate Army during Civil War, was paroled, and discharged, March, 1865. Represented Louisiana in five National Democratic Conventions. Delivered addresses, lectures, and arguments on political, histor- ical, and legal subjects. Address: New Orleans, La. Jonathanson, Jonas A. Merchant. Born July 6, 1855, Wilna, Russia. Son of Aaron Jonathanson and Helena Blumberg. Edu- cated at Russian Gymnasium, and graduate in pharmacy, Char- kov University, 1878. Married Dora K. Katzenelenbogen. Came to New York, 1891. Has written poems, sketches, and novels, mostly humorous, in Hebrew, Russian, and German. Address: 89 East 4th, New York. Josephi, Isaac A. Artist. Born New York City. Son of Alexander Josephi. Educated in New York and Paris. Honor- able mention, 1900, Paris; silver medal, Charleston, 1902. Presi- dent American Society of Miniature Painters; member Royal Society of Miniature Painters, London. Regular contributor of landscapes to exhibitions. Address: 556 Fifth Av., New York. Judd, Max. Born 1851, Cracow, Austria. Son of Adolf Judkie- wicz. Self-taught since the age of twelve. Married Jennie T. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 127

Meyberg. United States consul general, Vienna, Austria, 1893- 1897. Winner of second prize in Centennial Chess Tournament, Philadelphia, 1876. Address: care Monticello Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. Judson, Solomon. Born March 26, 1877, at Deretchin, Grodno, Russia. Son of Judah Judson and Hannah Rosenberg. Educated privately. Married Minnie Shapiro. Edited (with Ph. Turberg) Me'et Le'et (a Hebrew periodical), 1900. Author of Agadot ve-Dimyonot, 1903. Has contributed articles to various Hebrew periodicals. Address: 194 Columbus Av., New York. Jurist, Louis. Physician. Born April 10, 1855, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Sigmund Jurist and Theresa Trautmann. Educated at Philadelphia public schools, and Jefferson Medical College (M. D., 1880). Married Louise Stieglitz. Lecturer Jefferson Medi- cal College; visiting physician St. Mary's Hospital; laryngologist Jewish Hospital. Has written articles on medical questions. Address: 916 North Broad, Philadelphia, Pa. Kahn, Julius. Attorney-at-law. Born February 28, 1861, Kup- penheim, Baden, Germany. Son of Herman Kahn and Jeanette Weil. Educated at San Francisco public schools. Married Flor- ence Prag. Member of the legislature, California, 1893-1894; member of , 1899-1903. Followed theatrical profession for a number of years, playing with Edwin Booth, Joseph Jefferson, Tomaso Salvini, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Florence, Clara Morris, and others. Address: Mills Building, San Fran- cisco, Cal.

Kalisch, Bertha. See Spachner, Bertha Kalisch. Karfunkle, David. Artist. Born June 10, 1880, in Austrian- Poland. Son of Julius Karfunkle and Victoria Langsam. Edu- cated at New York; studied art at National Academy of Design, New York, and Royal Academy, Munich, 1897-1900. Came to America at age of ten years; entered National Academy of Design five years later. Work has been exhibited at Pittsburg, Chicago, and Philadelphia since 1900. Address: 329 East 79th, New York. " Karl." See Bloomingdale, Charles, Jr. Kaufmann, Edward. County Clerk, Kings County, N. Y. Born September 17, 1856, New York. Son of Veit Kaufmann. Edu- cated at New York public schools. Married Sarah Rossman. Chairman Law Committee, Brooklyn Public Library; counsel to AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Carnegie Committee Public Libraries; trustee and chairman Board of Education, Brooklyn Hebrew Orphan Asylum; vice- president People's Hebrew Institute. Member of law firm Davis and Kaufmann. Address: 49-51 Chambers, New York, or 573 Jeffers'on Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kempner, Isaac Herbert. Banker. Born January 14, 1874, Cincinnati, Ohio. Son of Harris Kempner and Elizabeth Seins- heimer. Educated at Washington and Lee University, Lexing- ton, Va. Married Henrietta Blum. Treasurer City of Galveston (elective office); commissioner of Finance and Revenue, City of Galveston (appointed by Governor of State). Address: Galves- ton, Texas. Keyser, Ephraim. Sculptor. Born October 6, 1850, Baltimore, Md. Son of Moses Keyser and Betty Preiss. Educated at Balti- more public schools, City College, Baltimore, and Royal Art Academies, Munich and Berlin. Instructor of Modelling Classes, Maryland Institute Art Schools and the Rinehart School for Sculp- ture, Baltimore, Md. Works: Busts of Sidney Lanier, Cardinal Gibbons, Dr. Daniel C. Gilman, Henry Harland, and others; Statue of Major-General Baron de Kalb, erected at Annapolis, Md., for the United States Government; Tomb of President Chester A. Arthur, Rural Cemetery, Albany; the Stein Tombs, Baltimore Hebrew Cemetery; Psyche (for which the Michael Beer scholarship for Rome was awarded him; in marble in Cincinnati Art Museum); the Page; The Old Story; Titania; The Rose; A Duet; and a number of portrait memorial tablets. Address: 5 West Mulberry, Baltimore, Md. Keyser, Ernest Wise. Sculptor. Born December 10, 1874, Baltimore, Md. Son of Solomon Keyser and Helena Wise. Edu- cated at Deichmann's Preparatory Academy, Baltimore, and stu- died art at Maryland Institute Art Schools; Art Students League, New York; and Julien's, Paris, France. Studied sculpture under St. Gaudens, Puech, and Dampt, Paris. Married Beatrice Obern- dorf. Member National Sculpture Society of the United States. Ophelia (marble bust), exhibited in Salon, 1897; and in Salon of the Champs ElysSes, a life size alto relievo portrait bust of Enoch Pratt and a medallion portrait of a lady. Works: memorial tablet to Doctors Harris and Hayden, Baltimore; heroic bust of Admiral W. S. Schley, ordered by State of Maryland; bust of William S. Barry for School for the Deaf, Frederick, Md.; Harper statue representing Sir Galahad, for Ottawa, Canada; mausoleum Simon Goldenberg, New York; numerous busts, medallion por- traits, etc., private commissions received in Baltimore, Paris, and New York. Address: rue de Bagneux, Paris, France. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 129

*Klaw, Marc. Theatrical Manager. Born May 29, 1858, Padu- cah, Ky. Son of Leopold Klaw. Educated in Louisville public and high schools. Married Antoinette M. Morris (deceased). Studied law and was admitted to bar; since 1881 has been engaged as theatrical manager. Residence: New Rochelle, N. Y. Office: New Amsterdam Theatre, New York. Kobrin, Leon. Novelist and Playwright. Born March 15, 1872, Vitebsk, Russia. Son of Raphael Kobrin. Educated privately. Married Pauline Segal. Wrote stories and sketches in Russian at the age of fifteen. Came to America, 1892, and began to write Yiddish tales in 1893; has written in Yiddish since. Was engaged successively in shirtmaking, cigarmaking, bread baking, weaving, and as newsdealer, failing in all on account of his strong desire to devote himself to literature exclusively. Author: Yankel Boyle and Other Sketches; Collection of Stories or Ghetto-Dramas (2 vols.); and the following plays: Mina; East-Side Ghetto; Broken Chains; Sonia of East Broadway; Lost Paradise; Blind Musicians; God and Trust; Two Sisters. Address: 293 Henry, New York. Kohler, Max J. Attorney-at-law. Born May 22, 1871, Detroit, Mich. Son of Rabbi K. Kohler and Johanna Einhorn. Edu- cated at public and private schools; B. S., 1890, and M. S., 1893, College City of New York. M. A., 1891, and LL. B., 1893, Law and Political Science Schools, Columbia University. Admitted to bar, 1893. Assistant United States District Attorney, New York, 1894-1898; special assistant United States District Attorney, 1898-1899. Recording secretary, American Jewish Historical So- ciety, 1901-1903; corresponding secretary since 1903. Occasional lecturer before Jewish Chautauqua Society, Judaeans, and Young Men's Hebrew Association. Edited Judge Daly's Settlement of the Jews in North America, 1893; and Methods of Review in Criminal Cases in the United States, 1899. Author: Chapter on Jews and Judaism in America for Halliday and Gregory's The Church in America, 1896; Rebecca Franks, an American Jewish Belle of the Last Century, 1894. Contributor to the Publications of the Amer- ican Jewish Historical Society, Jewish Encyclopedia, American Hebrew, Menorah Monthly, and Albany Law Journal. Occasional special contributor to New York Times. Office: 119 Nassau. Residence: 34 East 76th, New York. Kohn, Annette. Born at New York. Daughter of Hezekiah Kohn and Louise Sanger. Travelled extensively in Europe. Has written numerous poems and articles for secular and religious papers and magazines in the United States, England, and Aus- tralia. Address: 3 West 39th, New York. 130 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Kohut, George Alexander. Assistant Librarian Jewish Theo- logical Seminary, since 1902. Born February 11, 1874, Stuhlweis- senburg, Hungary. Son of Rabbi Alexander Kohut and Julia Weissbrunn. Educated at Realschule and Gymnasium, Grosswar- dein, Hungary; New York public schools, Columbia University, Jewish Theological Seminary, University of Berlin, and Hoch- schule fur die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin. Received private instruction in Rabbinics from his father. Rabbinical de- gree conferred by Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Chicago, 1897. Rabbi in , Texas, 1897-1900; principal Religious School Temple Emanu-El, since 1902; editor Jewish Home, 1903-1904; rabbi of the Emanu-El Sisterhood. Author: Italian Index to the Arukh Com- pletum, 1892; Early Jewish Literature in America, Publications American Jewish Historical Society No. 3; Jewish Martyrs of the Inquisition in South America, Publications No. 4; other essays in other volumes of the Publications; Bibliography of the Writings of Professor M. Steinschneider in the Steinschneider Festschrift, 1896; Bibliography of the Writings of Alexander Kohut in Tri- butes to the Memory of Reverend Doctor A. Kohut; Ezra Stiles and the Jews, 1902; contributions to the Revue des Etudes Juives, Jewish Quarterly Review, Zeitschrift fur Hebraische Bibliogra- phie, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Magyar Zsido Szemle, American Hebrew, and Jewish Comment. Has written numerous essays on historical topics, bibliography, and folklore, also verse for various religious and secular periodicals. Address: 44 West 58th, New York.

*Koopman, Augustus. Artist. Born 1869, Charlotte, N. C. Son of Bernard Koopman. A. B., 1886, Central High School, Phila- delphia. Married Louise Lovett Osgood. Studied at Pennsylvania Academy Fine Arts under Bouguereau and Fleury, and at Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Taught painting in Paris, 1896-1899, now resident in London, specializing in portraits. Exhibitor at Paris Salons, Munich, London, and American exhibitions since 1890. Won first William Clarke prize, American Art Association, Paris, 1899. Awards: second Wanamaker prize, 1898; bronze and silver medals, Paris Exposition, 1900; represented in French and Amer- ican collections, Detroit Museum, portraits and decorations. Decoration in United States National Pavilion, Paris Exposition, 1900; medal Pan-American exposition, Buffalo, 1901. Works: Le Benedicts; Two Forces. Address: The Players, New York, and 5 Rosetti Studios, Flood, Chelsea, London, Eng.

*Koplik, Henry. Physician. Born October 28, 1858, New York City. Son of Abraham S. Koplik. Graduate College City of New York, 1878; M. D., 1881, College Physicians and Surgeons. Pur- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 131 sued post-graduate courses at Universities of Leipzig, Prague, and Vienna. Married Stephanie Schiele. Connected with Bellevue Hospital; the Good Samaritan Dispensary; assistant professor of Pediatrics at Bellevue Medical College. First to describe an early diagnostic sign in measles, since known as Koplik's Spots; also found the bacillus of whooping-cough. Introduced free de- livery of pasteurized milk to the needy. Has written essays in medical journals. Author: Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, 1902. Address: 66 East 58th, New York. Korn, Louis. Architect. Born March 19, 1869, New York. Son of Jacob Korn and Caroline Sink. Educated at New York public schools, Columbia Grammar School, Columbia University School of Mines (Ph. B., 1890). Married Lillie E. Schleestein. Consulting Engineer for Public Buildings under Mayor Low's and under Mayor McClellan's administration. Address: 31 West 33d, New York. Kolinsky, Jacob. Entomologist, Assistant in Division of Ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture. Born July 22, 1873, in Province of Poltava, Russia. Son of Joseph Kotinsky and Matlie-Bessie Zitkin. Educated in a Russian Cheder until thir- teen years of age; at Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School, Woodbine, N. J., 1893-1894; and at Rutgers College (course in agriculture; B. S., 1898), 1894-1898. Married Sara R. Levin. Instructor Natural Sciences, Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School, 1898-1899; Scientific Aid, 1899-1900, and, since 1900, Assistant in Division of Entomology, United States Department of Agricul- ture. Author: Autobiography of an Immigrant; The First North American Leaf-gall Diaspine, in Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington; Observations on Some New and Little Known Orthoptera with Biological Notes (translated from the Russian), in Entomological Record, London, 1902; Suggestions on Removal, in American Hebrew, 1903; Our Insect Neighbors, Mosquitoes, Hirsch School Journal; The Woodbine Colony, Amer- ican Hebrew, 1899. Address: United States Department of Agri- culture, Division of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

Kraemer, Mrs. Hugo. See Franko, Jeanne. " Krantz, Philip." See Rombro, Jacob. Kraus, Adolf. Lawyer. Born at Blowitz, Bohemia. Son of Jonas Kraus and Ludmila Ehrlich. Educated at Rokycan, Bohe- mia. Married Mathilde Hirsch. President Board of Education; president Civil Service Commission; and corporation counsel; 132 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK president Isaiah Temple since 1899, all of Chicago. Was pub- lisher and editor of The Chicago Times. Address: Tribune Building, Chicago, 111. Kronberg, Louis. Artist. Born 1872, Boston, Mass. Graduate Eliot grammar school, and studied art at Boston Art Museum, and Art Students League, New York. Pursued course in music in Boston. Studied works of the great masters in Europe, and on his return won Longfellow Travelling Scholarship. Studied in Paris under Benjamin Constant, Jean Paul Laurens, and Raphael Collin. Painted several pictures of Loie Fuller in Paris, one being exhibited in the Salon, 1898. Returned to Boston, 1898, and opened studio, also became instructor in Boston Art Stu- dents Association, and in the Copley Society. Travelled in 1899 with Richard Mansfield to paint him in different characters. Painted portraits of leading actors and musicians. His painting, Behind the Footlights, purchased for the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Has exhibited in Paris and America. Address: 3 Winter, Boston, Mass.

Kursheedt, Manuel Augustus. Lawyer. Born August 14, 1840, New York. Son of Asher Kursheedt and Abigail Judah. Edu- cated at private schools, New York public schools, and Free Academy (now College City of New York); B. A., 1858; M. A., 1862, College City of New York. Was Director United He- brew Charities, and the Educational Alliance; managing secre- tary Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society; secretary Hebrew Technical Institute; vice-president Aguilar Free Library Society; president Young Men's Hebrew Association. Has written a few articles for periodicals and society reports. Address: 280 Broadway, Room 269, New York.

Lachman, Arthur. Chemical Engineer. Born December 4, 1873, San Francisco, Cal. Son of Abraham Lachman and Marie Laz- arus. Educated at San Francisco public schools; Real Gymna- sium, Posen, Germany; University of California, Berkeley (B. S., 1893); University of Munich (Ph.D., 1895). Married Bertha Nathan. Assistant instructor University of Michigan, 1896-1897; professor chemistry, 1897-1902, and dean College of Science, Uni- versity of Oregon, 1900-1902. Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science; member American Chemical Society, German Chemical Society, Verein deutscher Chemiker, Deutsche Bunsen Gesellschaft, and Society of Chemical Industry. Author: The Spirit of Organic Chemistry, 1899; numerous technical papers in scientific journals. Address: 131 Second, San Francisco, Cal. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 133

Lachman, Samson. Lawyer. Born May 2, 1855, New York. Son of Samuel Lachman and Babette Hirsch. Educated at New York public schools; graduate College City of New York and Columbia University Law School. Justice Sixth District Court, New York City, 1888-1894. Address: 35 Nassau, or 233 East 19th, New York. Landsberg, Emil M. Index Editor New York Times. Born November 28, 1871, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Rabbi Max Lands- berg. Educated at Darmstadt, University of Rochester, and University of New York. Was librarian Bureau of Labor Statis- tics, New York State; assistant librarian Buffalo Public Library. Address: New York Times, New York. Landsberg, Leon. Department Editor, New York Tribune, since 1889. Born February, 1853. Educated at Leipzig, Germany. Was teacher of modern languages in the South; editor of Anzeiger des Siidens, Birmingham, Ala.; and lecturer on Vedanta philos- ophy. Contributor to Staats-Zeitung, New York, and to num- erous English, French, and Spanish newspapers. Address: 16 Irving Place, New York. *Lauchheimer, Charles Henry. Lieutenant Colonel, Assistant Adjutant, and Inspector, Marine Corps. Born September 22, 1859, Baltimore, Md. Graduate United States Naval Academy, Annap- olis, 1881. LL. B., Columbia University, 1884. Entered Marine Corps, 1883; first lieutenant, 1890; captain, 1898; major, since 1901. At present on duty at Manila, P. I. Author: Naval Courts and Naval Law, 1896; Forms of Procedure for Naval Courts and Boards, 1896, 1902. Address: Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Lauterbach, Edward. Lawyer. Born August 12, 1844, New York. Son of Solon Lauterbach and Mina Rosenbaum. Graduate New York public schools, and College City of New York (then Free Academy; A. B., 1864; A.M., 1867. Married Amanda Fried- man. Delegate at large to Constitution Convention, 1894; and to Republican National Convention, 1896; chairman Republican County Committee, 1896-1898, and Board of Trustees College City of New York; delegate to National Convention, 1900; vice-presi- dent Maurice Grau Opera Company; director of various corpora- tions, and of Hebrew Orphan Asylum for twenty years. Member State Commission to Remedy Law Delays. Now Regent of the University of the State of New York. As vice-president of He- brew Emigrant Aid Society went to Europe in 1881, held con- ferences with European delegations, attended general conference 9 134 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK at Vienna, and succeeded in regulating emigration of Russian exiles. Residence: 761 Fifth Av. Office: 22 William, New York. Lauterbach, Jakob Zallel. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Born January 6, 1873, at Monasterzyska, Galicia. Son of Israel Lauterbach and Taube Bandler. Educated at University of Ber- lin, and Gottingen (Ph.D., 1902), and at the Berliner Rabbiner Seminar (Rabbinical authorization, 1903). Author: Saadja Al- fayyumi's Arabische Psalmenubersetzung und Commentar, 1903. Address: care Funk and Wagnalls Company, 44-60 East 23d, New York. Lazarus, Edgar M. Architect. Born June 6, 1868, Baltimore, Md. Son of Edgar M. Lazarus and Minnie Mordecai. Educated at Baltimore public schools, and Maryland Institute Art Schools. Received George Peabody diploma for architectural design. Super- intendent of Construction United States Public Buildings for eight years. Architect of one hundred and twenty buildings, State, municipal, and private, during the fourteen years of activ- ity in his profession. Address: 665 Worcester Building, Port- land, Ore. Lazarus, Josephine. Author. Born March 23, 1846, New York. Daughter of Moses Lazarus and Esther Nathan. Educated at pri- vate schools. Author: Spirit of Judaism, 1895; Madame Dreyfus, 1S99; biographical sketches: Emma Lazarus, Century Magazine, 1888; Marie Bashkirtseff, Scribner's Magazine, 1889; Louisa May Alcott, and Margaret Fuller, Century Magazine, 1893: articles on Zionism in the American Hebrew, Maccabaean, and The New World, 1899. Has written numerous reviews and articles for The Critic, etc. Address: 38 West 10th, New York. Lederer, Ephraim. Attorney-at-Iaw. Born January 24, 1862, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Leopold Lederer and Fanny Weil. Educated at Philadelphia public schools; graduate Central High School; and pursued a partial course in University of Pennsyl- vania Law School. Married Grace M. Newhouse. Vice-president and former Secretary Young Men's Hebrew Association: secre- tary Philadelphia Branch Jewish Theological Seminary of Amer- ica; director and former secretary Jewish Hospital Association, Philadelphia; director, and, 1888-1890, assistant secretary, Jewish Publication Society of America; trustee Gratz College, Philadel- phia; was member State Committee of the Jeffersonian Party. Associate editor Jewish Exponent, Philadelphia, 1901-1904. Has written a number of lectures and essays on Jewish subjects pub- lished in Jewish journals. Address: 1317 North 12th, Phila- delphia, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 135

Lehman, Israel J. Architect. Born October 29, 1859, St. Joseph, Mo. Son of Joseph Lehman and Hannah Schwarz. Educated at Cleveland, 0., public schools, and privately. Married Nannie Scheuer. Member of firm of Lehman and Schmitt. Works: Cuyahoga County Court House, Cleveland; Bradford County Court House, Towanda, Pa.; Fayette County Court House, Lexington, Ky.; Sheriff St. Market and Storage Buildings, The Temple, Anshe Chesed Synagogue, Central Armory, Central Police Station, United Banking and Savings Company Building, The Bailey Com- pany Building, and City Hospital, all of Cleveland; City National Bank, Canton, O. Address: 625 Garfleld Building. Residence: 121 Euclid Av., Cleveland, O.

Leipziger, Henry M. Supervisor of Lectures, Board of Educa- tion, New York. Born December 29, 1854, Manchester, England. Son of Marcus Leipziger and Martha Samuel. Educated in Man- chester, and New York public schools. A. B., 1873, College City of New York; LL. B., 1875, and Ph.D., 1888, Columbia University. Organizer Hebrew Technical Institute and director, 1884-1891; assistant superintendent New York public schools, 1891-1896; supervisor of lectures since 1890. Chairman Library Committee Aguilar Free Library (now part of New York Public Library), 1887-1903; president New York Library Club, 1901; and Depart- ment Manual Training. National Education Association, 1896. Vice-president Jewish Publication Society, and member of its Publication Committee. Addresses on ethical and educational topics before colleges, congregations, American Library Associa- tion, and National Educational Association. Author: The New Education, 1887; The Education of the Jews, 18S9 (translated and adapted from the monograph of Samuel Marcus). Address: 229 East 57th, New York. Leipziger, Pauline. Librarian Fifty-Ninth Street Branch New York Public Library. Born in England. Daughter of Marcus Leipziger and Martha Samuel. Educated at New York public schools. Pursued special courses in Library Economy. Chief librarian Aguilar Free Library of New York (now part of the New York Public Library), 1892-1903. Address: 229 East 57th, New York. Leo, Richard Leopold. Architect. Born September 7, 1872, New York. Son of Arnold Leo and Sarah Leopold. Educated at Columbia Grammar School, and School of Arts and Mines, Colum- bia University (Ph. B., 1895). Works: residences at 1069 Fifth Av.; S. E. corner 50th St. and Madison Av.; and 2 East 87th St., New York; residence of Isidor Straus, Elberon; and of S. Ull- 136 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK maun, Tarrytown; building for Government of Ecuador, Pan- American Exposition, Buffalo; Emanu-El Sisterhood Building, New York; Century Country Club, White Plains; and several apartment buildings, New York. Residence: 172 West 86th. Office: 124 West 45th, New York. •Leopold, Harry Gerard. Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy. Born in Iowa. Entered service of United States Navy, October 1, 1878; appointed lieutenant commander, October 11, 1903. Ordered to Cincinnati, 1903. Address: Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Lessler, Montague. Lawyer. Born January 1, 1869, New York. Son of Siegmund Lessler and Annie Schreier. Educated at New York public schools, College City of New York (B. S., 1889), and Columbia University Law School. Member Fifty- seventh Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, New York. Office: 31 Nassau, New York. Residence: 7 Central Av., Tompkinsville, S. I.

Leventritt, David. Justice of Supreme Court, State of New York. Born January 31, 1845, at Winnsboro', S. C. Son of George M. Leventritt. Educated at New York public schools, College City of New York (then Free Academy; A. B., 1864), and Law School University of New York (LL. B., 1872). Married Matilda Lithauer. Was commissioner for condemnation of lands; vice- president Aguilar Free Library. Was long active as trial lawyer in corporate and commercial cases, and acted as special counsel to City of New York in important cases. Address: 34 West 77th, New York. Levi, Louis. Architect. Born December 29, 1868, Baltimore, Md. Son of Joseph Levi and Babetta Apfel. Educated at private school, Baltimore public schools, and Baltimore City College. Began the study of architecture at the office of the late Charles L. Carson, and completed his studies at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology, Boston, Mass., 1893. Works: Shearith Israel Synagogue, Children's Home, Department Store buildings, and dwellings, all in Baltimore. Is building a number of warehouses in the burnt district, Baltimore. Address: Room 41, Central Savings Bank Building, Baltimore, Md. Levi, Moritz. Junior Professor Romance Languages, Univer- sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Born November 23, 1857, Sachsen- hausen, Waldeck, Germany. Son of Hirsch Levi and Helene Rosenbaum. Educated in Germany, University of Michigan (A. B., BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 137

1887), and Sorbonne, Paris. Married Bertha Wolf. Author: (with V. E. Francois) French Reader, 1896. Edited: Moliere, L'Avare, 1900; and Manzoni, I Promessi Sposi, 1901. Has written article on V. Hugo, the Novelist, Forum, 1902. Address: 1029 Vaughn, Ann Arbor, Mich. Levias, Caspar. Instructor Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Born February 13, 1860, at Szagarren, Russia. Son of Jacob Levias and Mary Kahan. Educated privately, and at Columbia University, New York (B. A., 1893; M. A., 1894); pursued post- graduate courses at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Married Irene Schwarz. Fellow in Oriental Languages, Columbia University, 1893-1894; fellow in Semitic Languages, Johns Hop- kins University, 1894-1896. Author: A Grammar of the Aramaic Idiom contained in the Babylonian Talmud, 1900. Has written articles in the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Liter- atures, American Journal of Philology, American Journal of Theology, Hebrew Union College Journal, Kadimah, and other periodicals. Address: Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Levin, Isaac. Surgeon. Born November 1, 1866, at Sagor, Russia. Son of Salom Levin and Etta Brick. Educated at Fifth Gymnasium, and Imperial Military Medical Academy, St. Peters- burg (M. D., 1890). Pursued studies in clinical surgery and ex- perimental pathology in Germany, France, and Switzerland, 1895- 1896. Married Sophie Bloch. Ordinator in Surgery at Alex- ander's Military Hospital, St. Petersburg, 1890-1891; attending surgeon West Side German Dispensary of New York, 1897-1902; now surgeon to Sydenham Hospital, New York. Has contributed articles on medical subjects to medical journals in this country and abroad. Address: 1883 Madison Av., New York. Levin, Louis H. Attorney-at-law, Editor Jewish Comment, Bal- timore. Born January 13, 1866, Charleston, S. C. Son of Harris Levin and Dora M. Levine. Educated at Baltimore public schools, and Baltimore University (LL. B., 1903). Married Bertha Szold. Engaged in mercantile pursuits for many years. Was lecturer at Baltimore University. Has written Jewish stories in the Jew- ish Comment, Jewish Exponent, American Hebrew, and Menorah, and a Syllabus of Lectures on Bills and Notes. Address: 837 West North Av., Baltimore, Md. Levussove, Moses S. Instructor College City of New York. Born February 22, 1874, at Rossiena, Russia. Son of Benedict Levussove and Victoria Margolis. Educated at New York public schools. B. S., 1893, College City of New York. LL. B., 1900, 138 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Law School; pursued courses at New York University and at Art Students League. Was head of English Department, Hebrew Technical Institute, New York. Had charge of Literary Department of the Twentieth Century Magazine. Has written articles on art, letters, and descriptive geometry, for magazines. Address: 17 Lexington Av., New York. Levy, Clifton Harby. Writer. Born June 21, 1867, New Or- leans, La. Son of Eugene H. Levy and Almeria E. Moses. Edu- cated at New Orleans, Cincinnati high school, University of Cin- cinnati (B. A., 1887), and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1890); pursued post-graduate courses at Johns Hopkins University. Married Cora Bachrach. Rabbi in New York, one year; Lan- caster, Pa., two years; Baltimore, Md., two years; contributor to periodical press, seven years. Organized classes for instruction of immigrant children for Baron de Hirsch Fund, 1890. Has written articles on Biblical, archaeological, and scientific subjects for magazines and newspapers. Address: Hotel Balmoral, or 320 Broadway, New York. Levy, Ferdinand. Lawyer. Born December 11, 1843, Mil- waukee, Wis. Son of Simon Levy and Adele Bernard. Educated at German American Academy, Milwaukee, and Milwaukee high school. Married Rachel Fisher. Has been alderman at large, coroner, register, and commissioner of Taxes and Assessments, City and County of New York. Grand master Sons of Benjamin since 1887; past commander Steinwehr Post, G. A. R., Depart- ment of New York; member Grand Lodge Free Masons, State of New York, and all Jewish and fraternal organizations. Served in the Federal army during Civil War with father and two brothers. Residence: 235 West 112th. Office: 290 Broadway, New York. Levy, Florence N. Editor American Art Annual. Born 1870, New York. Daughter of Joseph Arthur Levy and Pauline Good- heim. Educated at New York private schools. Pursued special course in the History of Art under M. Lafenestre, curator of paintings at the Louvre, Paris. In charge of catalogue work, Division of Fine Arts, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901. Editor New York Art Bulletin, lecturer and instructor in the History of Art. Address: 226 West 58th, New York. *Levy, Jefferson Monroe. Ex-Congressman, Lawyer. Son of Captain Jonas P. Levy and Fanny Mitchell. Educated in public schools. Graduate University City of New York. Studied law and was admitted to bar. Member Chamber of Commerce; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 139

Board of Trade and Transportation; and Real Estate Exchange. Vice-president Democratic Club many years. Owns home of Thomas Jefferson, Monticello. Member of Congress, 1899-1901, Thirteenth New York District. Address: 20-22 Broad, New York.

Levy, Louis Edward. Photo-chemist, Inventor. Born October 12, 1846, Steinowitz (Pilsen), Bohemia. Son of Leopold Levy and Wilhelmina Fischer. Educated at Detroit, Mich., public schools. Field work and study with M. Thelen, surveyor, Detroit, 1860- 1861. Special course in mathematics, 1866-1867, University of Michigan. Microscopist to investigate trichinosis, Detroit, 1866; meteorological observer, 1863-1871, Detroit and Milwaukee; pub- lished new method of micro-photography, 1869; field photo- grapher, 1872-1873; invented " Levytype " (photo-engraving) pro- cess, 1873; established Levytype Company, Baltimore, 1875; Phila- delphia, 1877-1899; invented, with brother, Max Levy, "Levy Line Screen," 1887; "photo-mezzotint" process, 1889; new method of etching, "Levy Acid Blast," 1896; and recently Levy Etch-Pow- dering Machine. Received medals, premiums, and diplomas, from Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1889, 1899; Columbian Exposi- tion, Chicago, 1893; Imperial Russian Photographic Society, Mos- cow, 1896; and Paris Exposition, 1900. One of the organizers, 1888, and member of Executive Committee, 1889-1895, Philadel- phia Typothetse; vice-president and chairman Executive Com- mittee Philadelphia Exhibitors' Association, Columbian Exposi- tion, 1893; member Board of Judges, National Export Exposition, Philadelphia, 1899; delegate of Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, to Scientific Congresses, Paris Exposition, 1900; vice-president, CongrSs des Associations d' Inventeurs; member, since 1896, and chairman in 1901, of Committee on Science and the Arts, Frank- lin Institute; member Board of Managers, chairman Library Com- mittee, and chairman School City Committee, Franklin Institute, since 1903, and its lecturer on Techno-Graphic Arts since 1904. Director Rappaport Benevolent Association, 1879-1883; director, 1882, and since 1900, honorary life director, Hebrew Education Society; an organizer, since 1884 a director, and since 1888 the president, of the Association for the Relief and Protection of Jewish Immigrants, all of Philadelphia; an organizer and director of the Jewish Alliance of America, 1891. Organized Iconographic Publishing Company, and published seven volumes of Brockhaus' Ikonographische Encyklopadie, 1884-1893; edited and published, 1896, English translation of Raimundo Cabrera's Cuba and the Cubans; collaborated with Cabrera, 1897-1899, in publication of Cubay America, New York; one of the founders, 1887, and since then director of The Jewish Exponent Publishing Company; compiler, editor, and publisher, Wolf's American Jew as Patriot, 140 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Soldier, and Citizen, 1895; author and publisher, 1896, Business, Money, and Credit (brochure); author and publisher, The Jewish Year (Oppenheim's pictures of Jewish life), 1895. Part owner and chief editor, Philadelphia Evening Herald, 1887-1890, and Philadelphia Sunday Mercury, 1887-1891. Contributed articles to Polytechnic Review, Journal of Fabrics, and Jewish Exponent. Laboratory: 1221 Spring Garden. Residence: 854 North 8th, Philadelphia, Pa. Levy, Max. Electrician. Born October 6, 1868, Galveston, Texas. Son of I. C. Levy and Minna Posner. Educated at Galves- ton public schools, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (Elec. Eng., 1890). Married Stella Dreeben. Constructing engineer, Westing- house, Church, Kerr and Company, 1890-1891; electrical engineer, Interstate Railroad, Kansas City, Kansas, 1891; chief engineer Galveston City Railroad Company, 1891-1892; engaged in prac- tice as electrical engineer since 1892. Author: The Effect of Electricity on Traction. Address: 21st and Av. K, Galveston, Texas. Levy, Max. Inventor and Manufacturer. Born March 9, 1857, Detroit, Mich. Son of Leopold Levy and Wilhelmina Fischer. Educated at Detroit public schools. Married Diana Franklin. Received John Scott medal, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; silver medal, Royal Cornwall Polytechnic; gold medals, Chicago, 1893, Paris, 1900, and Buffalo, 1901. Engaged in photo-engraving until 1890; invented, with brother, Louis Edward Levy, engraved screen for half-tone process; prominent in development of half- tone process. Contributed to Photographic Society, Philadelphia, 1896; Paper and Press, 1894-1896, also articles for photo-engrav- ers' Annuals in America and England. Address: Wayne Av. and Berkley St., Wayne Junction, Philadelphia, Pa. Levy, William. Architect. Born December 31, 1866, New Orleans, La. Son of Marx Levy and Rosa Meyer. Educated at St. Louis public schools; Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111.; Wy- man Institute, Alton, 111.; and at architectural schools, London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Florence, and Rome. Member American Institute of Architects. Address: Odd Fellows Building, St. Louis, Mo. Lewi, Isidor. Editorial Writer New York Tribune and Pub- lisher New Era Illustrated Magazine. Born May 9, 1850, Albany, N. Y. Son of Doctor Joseph Lewi and Bertha Schwarz. Edu- cated at Albany. Married Emita Wolff. Address: 38 Park Row, New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 141

Lewin-Epstein, Elias Wolf. Manager Carmel Wine Company for the United States. Born July 22, 1863, Vilkovishken, Poland. Son of Samuel Lewin-Epstein and Euge Rokeach. Educated in Vilkovishken, and the Talmudical Academy of Volosin, Russia; received secular education in Russian, German, and French, in Warsaw and Germany. Married Judith Feinberg. Was adminis- trator for ten years of Jewish Agricultural Colony, Rehobot, Palestine; and manager of the Hebrew Publishing Company, Gebriider Lewin-Epstein, Warsaw. Actively interested in the Zionist movement in Russia since 1882; founder of the society Menuha ve-Nahlah, which established the colony Rehobot in Palestine. One of the founders of the international Carmel Wine Companies in Europe and America. Assisted in creating the Hebrew Publication Society Achiassaf. Author: The History of the Colony Rehobot (in Hebrew and English). Address: 70 East 122d, New York. Lewisohn, Adolph. President United Metals Selling Company, vice-president Utah Mining Company and New York Metal Ex- change; director of other corporations. Born May 27, 1849, Ham- burg, Germany. Son of Samuel Lewisohn. Educated at Ham- burg. Married Emma Miriam Cahn. Vice-president Hebrew Technical School for Girls; director Mount Sinai Hospital, United Hebrew Charities, Educational Alliance, all of New York, and other institutions. Address: 9 West 57th, New York. Lichtenauer. J. Mortimer. Artist. Born May 11, 1876, New York. Son of Joseph M. Lichtenauer and Rebecca Deutsch. Edu- cated at private schools until the age of nineteen, and 1895-1898 at Art Students League, New York, under H. S. Mowbray and Kenyon Cox. Studied for two years under Sue Olivier Mersoni in France, and for two years copied frescoes and studied the early old masters in Italy. Received President's prize (bronze medal) for design for mural decoration, Architectural League of New York, 1903. Decorated ceiling of Music Room, residence of Ferdinand Hermann, 1904. Portraits and decorative pictures exhibited at St. Louis Exposition and other exhibitions. Member Architectural League of New York. Address: 58 West 52d, New York. Lichtenstein, Joy. Assistant Librarian, Public Library, San Francisco, Cal. Born October 14, 1874, San Francisco, Cal. Son of Morris Lichtenstein and Amelia Marks. Educated at San Francisco public schools and University of California. Married Anna Wolfe, 1899. President Library Association of California, 1904. Author: For the Blue and Gold, a Tale of Life at the 10 142 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

University of California; Bibliography of Louis Agassiz (in his "Life" by C. F. Holder). Has contributed to periodicals. Ad- dress: Public Library, San Francisco, Cal. Liebling, Max. Pianist and Musical Director. Born September 22, 1846, in Silesia, Prussia. Son of Jacob Liebling. Educated at the Royal Conservatory of Music, Berlin. Married Mathilde Ben- jamin. Director Piano Department at Conservatories of Music in Berlin, Cincinnati, Chautauqua, and New York. Has made con- cert tours with August Wilhelmj, Marianne Brandt, and Lili Leh- mann, through Germany and America. Works: Songs, piano compositions, violin and cello compositions. Address: 57 West 83d, New York.

" Liesin, A." See Walt, Abraham. Lipman, Clara (Mrs. Louis Mann). Actress. Born December, 1875, Chicago, 111. Daughter of Abraham Lipman and Josephine Bruckner. Educated at Chicago and New York, at schools and under private tutors. Pupil of Professor Oskar Guttmann. Mar- ried Louis Mann. Played with Mme. Modjeska, and then with A. M. Palmer's Company; played in classical drama in German and English companies. Starred with her husband, Louis Mann, for five years; will star alone, season 1904-1905. Owing to severe accident to arm did not play during season 1902-1903. Author: Pepi (a play in four acts); Julie Bon Bon (comedy in three acts); Eleanor's Poet (short story). Has written magazine articles. Address: 1239 Madison Av., New York. Lipman, Jacob G. Soil Chemist and Bacteriologist for the New Jersey State Experiment Station. Born November 18, 1874, Friedrichstadt, Courland, Russia. Son of Michael Lipman and Ida Birkhahn. Educated privately at Moscow; attended Oren- burg Classical Gymnasium, Woodbine Agricultural School, Rut- gers College (B. S., 1898), Cornell University, Ithaca (A.M., 1900; Ph.D., 1903). Married Cecelia Rosenthal. Came to Amer- ica, 1888; factory employee and lawyer's clerk, 1888-1891; one of the pioneer farmers Baron de Hirsh Agricultural Colony, Woodbine, 1891-1894. Assistant chemist New Jersey State Experi- ment Station, 1898-1899; Graduate Scholar Cornell University, 1900-1901; Sage Fellow in chemistry, Cornell University, 1901- 1902; soil chemist and bacteriologist New Jersey State Experiment Station since 1902. Author: Studies in Nitrification, Master's Thesis, Cornell, 1900, and 1902; (with Professor E. B. Voorhees) Individuality of Plants an Important Factor in Plant Nutrition, 1902; Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria, 1902; Contributions to the Mor- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 143 phology and Physiology of Denitrification, 1902; Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria, Doctor's Thesis, Cornell University, 1903; The Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen by Bacteria, 1903; Bacterial Life in the Soil, 1903; Bacterial Purification of Sewage, 1904. Has written biographical and historical sketches in the Jewish Encyclopedia. Address: Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J. Lipsky, Louis. Corresponding Secretary of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. Born November 30, 1876, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Jacob Lipsky and Dinah R. Philipowsky. Educated at Rochester public and high schools; studied at Columbia Univer- sity, New York, one year, and studied law in Rochester two years. Editor: The Shofar, Rochester; The Maccabsean, and English page, Jewish Daily Herald, New York; assistant editor, The American Hebrew, New York, for four years. Has 'contrib- uted to various magazines; translated Yiddish sketches, many by I. L. Perez. Address: 723 Lexington Av., New York.

Littauer, Lucius Nathan. Manufacturer, and Member of Con- gress from the Twenty-fifth District of New York. Born Jan- uary 20, 1859, Gloversville, N. Y. Son of Nathan Littauer and Harriet Sporborg. B. A., 1878, Harvard University. Engaged in glove-manufacturing business, 1878. Elected to Fifty-fifth, Fifty- sixth, Fifty-seventh, and Fifty-eighth Congresses, and unani- mously renominated by the Republican party for the Fifty-ninth. Director National and State Banks and Trust Companies. Presi- dent and director of manufacturing corporations; president Glove Trade Association. Founder and executive manager Nathan Lit- tauer Hospital, Gloversville. Address: Gloversville, Fulton County, N. Y. Loeb, Abraham Ullman. First Lieutenant Ninth Regiment In- fantry, United States Army. Born September 19, 1878, La Fayette, Ind. Son of Gustav Loeb and Ada Ullman. Educated at La Fa- yette public and high schools, and at Purdue University. Served with Company C, 160th Indiana Volunteers Infantry as private and corporal, 1898-1899, spending three months in Cuba; ap- pointed second lieutenant 9th Infantry, December, 1899; joined 9th Infantry in Philippines, 1900; served for eleven months in China during the Boxer uprising, 1900, participating in the engagements of Tien Tsin, Pie Tsan, Yang Tsun, capture of Pe- king; and in expedition under General Wilson to Ming Tombs and Great Wall of China, 1901. Participated in quelling insurrection on Island of Samar, 1901-1902. Recommended for brevet for bravery at battle of Tien Tsin, and promoted first lieutenant, 1902. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. 144 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Loeb, August B. Vice-president Tradesmen's National Bank, Philadelphia, Pa. Born June 16, 1841, Bechtheim, Germany. Son of Benjamin Loeb. Educated at Philadelphia public schools. Married Mathilde Adler (deceased). Director and member Fi- nance Committee of Market Street National Bank, and of Finance Company of Pennsylvania; director and member Executive Com- mittee South Chester Tube Company, Chester, Pa.; president Tartar Chemical Company, Jersey City, 1876-1889, when Company sold out to a syndicate; treasurer Jewish Hospital Association, Philadelphia, since 1879. Address: 2030 North 60th, Philadelphia, Pa.

Loeb, Isidor. Professor Political Science and Public Law, Uni- versity of Missouri, since 1902. Born November 5, 1868, Roan- oke, Howard County, Mo. Son of Bernhard Loeb and Bertha Myer. Educated at Columbia, Mo., private schools, University of Missouri, Columbia (B. S., 1887, M.S. and LL. B., 1893); Columbia University, New York (Ph.D., 1901); Berlin Univer- sity. Teaching Fellow in history, University of Missouri, 1892- 1894; University Fellow in jurisprudence, Columbia University, New York, 1S94-1895; assistant professor History, 1895-1899; and professor History, 1899-1902, University of Missouri. Secretary State Historical Society of Missouri, 1898-1901. Author: The Legal Property Relations of Married Parties. A Study in Com- parative Legislation, Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law; The German Colonial Fiscal System, publications American Economic Association; How the Common- wealth is Governed in the State of Missouri, published by Mis- souri Commission to Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Has written articles in various periodicals. Address: University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.

*Loeb, Jacques. Professor of Physiology, University of Cali- fornia, since 1902. Born April 7, 1859, in Germany. Graduate Ascanisches Gymnasium, Berlin; studied medicine at Berlin, Munich, and Strassburg (M. D., 1884). State examination, 1885, Strassburg. Assistant in physiology, University of Wiirzburg, 1886-1888; assistant in physiology, University of Strassburg, 1888- 1890; biological station, Naples, 1889-1891; associate in biology, Bryn Mawr, 1891-1892; assistant professor physiology and experi- mental biology, 1892-1895; associate professor, 1895-1900; pro- fessor, 1900-1902, University of Chicago. Married Anne L. Leon- ard. Author: The Heliotropism of Animals and its Identity with the Heliotropism of Plants, 1890; Physiological Morphology, 1891, 1892; Introduction to the Comparative Physiology of the Brain and Comparative Psychology, Leipzig, 1899; Comparative Physiol- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 145 ogy of the Brain and Comparative Psychology, 1900. Address: Berkeley, Cal. *Loeb, Louis. Artist, Illustrator. Born Cleveland, O. Son of Alexander Loeb and Sarah Ehrman. Studied under Gerome in Paris. Honorable mention, Paris Salon, 1895; third medal Paris Salon; two silver medals, Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901; second Hallgarten prize, National Academy of Design, 1902. Associate National Academy of Design, 1901. Address: 58 West 57th, New York. Loeb, Morris. Chemist. Born May 23, 1863, Cincinnati, O. Educated at New York College of Pharmacy, Harvard University, and Universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, and Leipzig. Private assistant to Professor Gibbs, Newport, R. I., 1888; docent at Worcester University, Mass., 1889. Has been professor of Chemistry, since 1891, and director of the chemical laboratory, since 1894, New York University. Interested in Jewish affairs and movements, and holds offices in many charitable associations and other communal organizations. Was vice-president Hebrew Technical College; president Hebrew Charities Building Fund; director, 1892-1897, Educational Alliance, and is now director of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Author of various scientific articles, chiefly on physical and inorganic chemistry. Address: 273 Madison Av., New York.

Loew, Rosalie. See Whitney, Rosalie Loew. Loveman, Robert. Poet. Born April 11, 1864, Cleveland, O. Son of David Reuben Loveman and Esther Schwartz. Educated at Dalton, Ga., and University of Alabama (A.M.). Author: Collections of Poems, 1889, 1893, 1897; A Book of Verses, 1900; The Gates of Silence with Interludes of Song, 1903, New York. Address: Dalton, Ga. Lovenberg, Isidore. President Galveston School Board. Born September 9, 1843, Paris, France. Son of Isaac Lovenberg and Fleurrette Laurier. Educated at Paris Talmud Torah. Married Jennie Samuels. President District No. 7, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, 1895-1896. Now president Board of Trustees Galves- ton Orphans' Home; director and secretary Rosenberg Library Association. Member of Galveston School Board for eighteen years. Address: 2201 Strand, Galveston, Texas. Low, A. Maurice. Author and Journalist. Born July 14, 1860, London, England. Son of Maximillian Low and Theresa Schach- 146 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

erls. Educated at London and in Austria. Married Annie W. Baden. Specialty, European and American politics. Author: The Supreme Surrender; Protection in the United States; Amer- ican Life in Town and Country; The British Workman's Com- pensation Act; The Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act; Trade Unionism and British Industries. Contributor to North American Review, Harper's Magazine, Atlantic Monthly, Scrib- ner's Magazine, Contemporary Review, London, National Review, London. Address: Washington, D. C. Lowenburg, Harry. Physician. Born December 25, 1878, Phila- delphia, Pa. Son of Jacob Lowenburg and Henrietta Lebach. Educated at Philadelphia public and high schools. A. B., 1897, and A.M., 1902, Central High School, Philadelphia; M. D., 1901, Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia. Married Anna R. Braunstein. Lecturer on Pediatrics, Medico-Chirurgical College; assistant pediatrist Medico-Chirurgical and Philadelphia General Hospitals; pediatrist St. Joseph's Hospital Dispensary; lecturer on Pediatrics and Urinalysis, Nurses' Training School, Medico- Chirurgical Hospital. Appointed, by mayor of Philadelphia, 1901, resident physician Philadelphia General Hospital. Has written papers on pediatric subjects. Address: 2321 North 16th, Phila- delphia, Pa. Lubin, David. Merchant and Farmer. Born June 10, 1849, Klodowa, Poland. Son of Simon Lubin and Rachel Holtz. Edu- cated at New York public schools. Married Florence Platnauer. President California Art Museum Association; United States dele- gale to the International Agricultural Congress at , Hungary, 1896. Distributed several hundred thousand pamphlets, among members of the Grange, on the Protective Tariff and its influence on the producers of the staples of agriculture, 1893-1901; pamphlet debated in the United States Senate. Inventor of the Lubin Windlass Cultivator. Author: Let there be Light, 1900. Residence: 278 West 113th. Office: care Weinstock, Lubin & Co., 395 Broadway, New York. Lust, Adeline C. (Mrs. Philip G.). Author. Born April 12, 1860, at Crefeld, Germany. Daughter of Albert Cohnfeld and Henrietta Davis. Educated at boarding school in England and privately at home. Came to America, 1876. Married Philip Lust. Developed good voice early in life, and was destined for concert platform; owing to an unforeseen incident the plan was not car- ried out. Author: Features of New York Life (New York Illus- trated Weekly Graphic); Harum Scarum (serial story for Cin- cinnati Graphic); A Tent of Grace. Has written short stories, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 147 editorials, and various articles for American Press Association. Address: 4744 Vincennes Av., Chicago, 111. Lyons, Julius J. Lawyer. Born October 7, 1843, New York City. Son of Rabbi Jacques J. Lyons and Grace Nathan. Edu- cated in New York City public schools and University City of New York Grammar School. Married Constance Hendricks. Was honorary secretary for ten years, and director Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids; secretary for over ten years and honorary secretary and director Mount Sinai Hospital; director, incorpor- ator, and attorney for The State Bank, all of New York City. Judge Advocate, with rank of Major, Third Brigade New York State National Guard. Prominent as an amateur musician; com- posed opera The Lady or the Tiger, produced by McCaull's Opera Company and by De Woolf Hopper Company. Composer of reli- gious and other musical compositions. For many years connected with and writer for Musical Department, New York Herald, and for Sunday Herald. Wrote on musical and religious subjects for other New York newspapers. Founded, organized, and conducted the largest amateur orchestra in New York, which devoted the receipts of concerts and operatic entertainments to charitable and educational purposes. Address: 76 William, New York. Mack, Julian W. Judge of Circuit Court, Cook County, 111., and Professor of Law, University of Chicago. Born July 19, 1S66. San Francisco, Cal. Son of William J. Mack and Rebecca Tand- ler. Educated at Cincinnati public and high schools, Harvard University Law School (LL. B., 1887), and Universities of Berlin and Leipzig. Received special teacher's medal, Hughes High School, Cincinnati, 1884; holder of Parker Fellowship Harvard University for study in foreign universities, 1887-1890. Married Jessie Fox. Professor of Law Northwestern University, 1895- 1902; at University of Chicago, since 1902; Civil Service Com- missioner City of Chicago, 1903; judge Circuit Court, since 1903; president National Conference of Jewish Charities, 1904; secre- tary United Hebrew Charities of Chicago, 1892-1900; trustee, 1903-1904, and secretary, 1900-1903, and again since 1904, Asso- ciated Jewish Charities of Chicago. Office: Court House. Resi- dence: 4651 Drexel Block, Chicago, 111.

Walter, Henry. Professor Medieval Philosophy and Arabic, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Born March 23, 1S69, Zabno, Galicia. Son of Solomon Malter and Rosa Malter. Edu- cated at the normal school of Zabno, University of Berlin, Veitel- Heine-Ephraimsche Lehranstalt, Berlin, and Lehranstalt fur die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin (Rabbi, 1898). Ph.D., 1894, 148 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

University of Heidelberg. Married Bertha Freund. Librarian Bibliothek der jiidischen Gemeinde von Berlin, 1899. Rabbi Con- gregation Sheerith Israel, Cincinnati, Ohio. Author: Die Ab- handlung des abu Hamid Al-Gazzalt, 1896; Siphruth Israel (He- brew edition of M. Steinschneider's Jewish Literature), with introduction and notes, 1897; Catalogue of the Library of Fischl Hirsch, 1899. Contributor to Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, Jiidischer Volkskalender, American Journal of Semitic Lan- guages, Deborah, Hebrew Union College Journal and Annual, Jewish Encyclopedia, and Hebrew periodicals. Address: 3040 Cleinview Av., N. W., Cincinnati, 0.

Mandelkern, Israel. Portrait and Illustrating Photographer. Born December 10, 1861, Dubin, Volhynia, Russia. Son of Solo- mon Mandelkern and Chaie Kritzler. Educated at Hebrew Gov- ernment School, Odessa, Realist School of St. Paul, and Odessa School of Fine Arts. Married Fanny Magidow. Came to America in 1882; was connected with first Jewish colony in Oregon. Illus- trator of Jewish topics, types, and characters in The World's Work, Supplement of New York Times, Tribune, Christian Her- ald, Sun, and other periodicals. Illustrations used by Jewish Encyclopedia. Address: 1670 Madison Av., New York.

Mandlebaum, Fred. S. Physician, Pathologist to Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, since 1893- Born January 18, 1867, Hart- ford, Conn. Son of Jacob Mandlebaum and Henrietta Waldman. Educated at Hartford public and high school, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York (M. D., 1889), and pursued post- graduate courses in Europe, principally at Vienna and Berlin. House physician Mount Sinai Hospital, 1891; lecturer on clinical medicine, New York Polyclinic, 1893-1894. Member Academy of Medicine, New York Pathological Society, New York State Medi- cal Association, and American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, etc. Has contributed to medical literature. Ad- dress: 1300 Madison Av., New York.

Manges, Morris. Physician. Born 1865, New York. Son of John Feist Manges and Bertha May. Educated at New York public schools, College City of New York (A. B., 1884; A.M., 1887); College of Physicians and Surgeons (M. D., 1887); pur- sued post-graduate courses in Berlin and Vienna: Professor clin- ical medicine, New York Polyclinic Medical School; visiting physician Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. Edited translations of Ewald's Diseases of the Stomach, 1892, 1897. Has written numerous medical articles. Address: 941 Madison Av., New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 149

Mann, Louis. Actor. Born April 20, 1865, New York. Son of Daniel Mann and Caroline Hecht. Educated privately at New York and San Francisco, and San Francisco high school and College. Married Clara Lipman. Began acting at five; at eighteen travelled with small companies in opposition to the wishes of his family; later played with the elder Salvini, Lewis Morrison, J. K. Emmett, etc.; played Utterson, the lawyer, in Daniel Band- mann's production of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; appeared in one of leading roles in Incog; was original caricaturist of Svengali in Merry World; created German comedy parts in The Strange Adventures of Miss Brown, and in Girl from Paris; starred five years jointly with Clara Lipman, his wife; now starring under management of Charles B. Dillingham. Address: 1239 Madison Av., New York.

Mann, Mrs. Louis. See Lipman, Clara. Mannheimer, Jennie. Director of School of Expression, College of Music of Cincinnati. Born January 9, 1872, New York City. Daughter of Sigmund Mannheimer and Louise Herschman. Edu- cated at Deutsche Real-Schule, Rochester, N. Y.; Hughes High School, Cincinnati; Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati (B. H., 1888); University of Cincinnati (B. L., 1892); and College of Music of Cincinnati. Taught also by private tutors and both parents. Teacher of Elocution and History, Hughes High School; founder, principal, and directory of dramatic club, Cincinnati School of Expression. Teacher Walnut Hills Jewish Sabbath School, 1890-1893; superintendent, 1892-1893. Leader of Tuesday Shakespeare Circle since 1903. Read Midsummer Night's Dream with Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra at College of Music Silver Jubilee, 1903. Has given recitals before many clubs. Address: 639 June, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. Mannheimer, Louise. Born September 3, 1845, Prague, Bohe- mia. Daughter of Joseph Herschman and Katherine Urbach. Educated at St. Teine School, privately, and at Normal School, Prague, and University of Cincinnati. Married Sigmund Mann- heimer. Director of private school, Prague; Sabbath School teacher, Congregation Berith Kodesh, Rochester; teacher Mrs. Leopold Weil's School, New York; contralto, Temple Ahawath Chesed, New York; Sabbath School teacher, Temple Shaare Emeth, St. Louis; president German Women's Club, Rochester; founder and president, Boys' Industrial School, Cincinnati. In- ventor Pureairin Patent Ventilator. Speaker World's Fair Con- gress of History, 1893, and of Religions, 1893, Chicago; for Moth- ers' Meetings, Cincinnati. Has written poems for German and 150 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

English periodicals; prize poem, The Harvest. Author: How Joe Learned to Darn Stockings, and other juvenile stories. Trans- lated Nahida Remy's The Jewish Woman. Composer of The Maiden's Song. Address: 639 June, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, 0. Mannheimer, Sigmund. Professor, Hebrew Union College, Cin- cinnati, O. Born May 16, 1835, Kernel, Germany. Son of Simon Mannheimer and Yette Levi. Educated at Seminary of Ems, Prussia, and University of Paris (Bachelor of Letters, 1863; Pro- fessor, 1864). Married Louise Herschman. Author: Hebrew Reader and Grammar. Translated into German S. Klein's La Verite sur le Talmud (Judaisme); into English, Solomon Alami's Iggeret Musar; Nehemiah Brull's Sabbatai Zebi; Anatole Leroy- Beaulieu's L'Antisemitisme. Contributor to the Jewish Ency- clopedia. Address: 639 June, Cincinnati, O. Marcus, Edwin. Staff Artist New York Herald. Born March 16, 1885, Dutch Kills, L. I. Son of Adolph Marcus and Caecilie Schwerin. Educated at New York public schools, Morris High School, and Art Students League; and attended night classes at Cooper Union. Filled mercantile position after leaving Morris High School; was apprenticed with the American Lithograph Company, there learning to draw on stone; has since been sketch artist for Sackett and Wilhelm Lithograph Company; cartoonist for a Hungarian Weekly; artist on Herald staff since 1902, doing chiefly decorative work for the Magazine Section and assignment work. Has made cartoon for the Telegram. Exhibited work with various associations at the Waldorf, Fifth Avenue Art Gal- leries, etc. Address: 127 East 90th, New York. Marcus, Louis William. Surrogate of Erie County, New York. Born May 18, 1863, Buffalo, N. Y. Son of Leopold Marcus. Edu- cated at Williams' Academy, and Buffalo High School; LL. B., 1889, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Married Ray R. Dahlman. Elected surrogate of Erie County for term of six years, 1895; re- elected, 1901. Address: 10 City and County Hall, Buffalo, N. Y. Margolis, Max Leopold. Associate Professor Semitic Lan- guages, University of California, Berkeley, Cal., since 1898. Born October 15, 1866, Merecz, Wilna, Russia. Son of Rabbi Isaac Margolis and Hinde Zirilstein. Educated privately and in schools of native town, 1875-1879; Leibnitz Gymnasium, Berlin, 1885-1889 (testimonium maturitatis, 1889); School of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York (M. A., 1890; Pb.D., 1891). Instructor and later assistant professor Hebrew and Biblical Exegesis, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, 1892-1897; assistant professor Semitic BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES languages, University of California, 1897-1898. Member of vari- ous learned societies. Author: Commentarius Isaacidis quatenus ad textum talmudicum investigandum adhiberi possit tractatu Erubhin ostenditur, 1891; The Columbia College MS. of Meghilla, 1892; An Elementary Text Book of Hebrew Accidence, 1893; The Theological Aspect of Reformed Judaism, 1904. Has written num- erous articles in American and foreign scientific magazines. Ad- dress: University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Markens, Isaac. Journalist. Born October 9, 1846, New York. Son of Elias Markens and Rosetta Friedlander. Educated at Richmond, Va., private schools and New York public schools. Married Rachel Benjamin. Assistant manager, United Press Association, New York; reportorial staff New York Commercial Advertiser, New York Evening Mail and Express, New York Re- corder, and Commercial Edition New York Star; private secretary to Albert Fink, Railroad Trunk Line Commissioner; private secretary to Gen. John M. Corse, and to E. H. Green, president Louisville and Nashville R. R. Co.; secretary to Board of Arbitra- tion of Eastern and Western Railroads. Member Blue Lodge, and Royal Arch Chapter of Masons; Knights of Pythias; Knights of Honor; Knights and Ladies of Honor, and Free Sons of Israel. Author: Hebrews in America, 1888. Address: 2460 Seventh Av., New York. Marks, Marcus M. President of David Marks & Sons, Clothing Manufacturers. Born March 18, 1858, New York. Son of David Marks and Leontine Meyer. Educated in New York public schools and College City of New York. Married Esther Friedman. President National Association of Clothiers; chairman Concilia- tion Committee Civic Federation; second vice-president Educa- tonal Alliance; trustee Hospital Saturday and Sunday Associa- tion; director Credit Men's Association. Has written pamphlets and magazine articles on the labor question and on credit co- operation. Address: 687 Broadway, New York. Marshall, Louis. Lawyer. Born December 14, 1856, Syracuse, New York. Son of Jacob Marshall and Zilli Strauss. Educated in Syracuse high school, and Columbia University Law School, New York City. Married Florence Lowenstein. Appointed mem- ber of Commission to Revise Judiciary Article of New York Con- stitution, by Governor Hill, 1890; member New York Constitu- tional Convention, 1894, and of Commission to investigate Rabbi Joseph Riot, 1902. Chairman Executive Committee Jewish Theo- logical Seminary of America; trustee and secretary Temple Emanu-El, New York; director Educational Alliance, Jewish Pro- 152 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK tectory and Aid Society, etc. Lecturer Constitutional Law, Syra- cuse University Law School. Has written essays, lectures, and addresses on legal topics and subjects pertaining to Judaism and charity. Was interested in establishment of The Jewish World, a Yiddish daily. Residence: 47 East 72d. Office: 30 Broad, New York. Marx, Alexander. Professor of History and Literature, and Librarian, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York City. Born January 29, 1878, Elberfeld, Germany. Son of George Marx and Gertrude Simon. Educated at Kneiphof Gymna- sium, Konigsberg; Universities of Konigsberg (Ph.D., 1903) and Berlin; Rabbinerseminar, Berlin, and Veitel-Heine-Ephraimsche Lehranstalt, Berlin. Was Scientific Aid at Royal Library, Berlin. Author: Seder '01am (cap. 1-10) nach Handschriften und Druck- werken herausgegeben, iibersetzt und erklart, 1903. Has written short articles and reviews, in Orientalische Literaturzeitung, and Zeitschrift fur hebraische Bibliographie. Address: 371 West 116th, New York. Masliansky, Harris. Preacher and Lecturer Educational Alli- ance, New York City. Born Sivan 3, 1856, Slutzk, Minsk, Russia. Son of Rabbi Chayim Masliansky and Rebecca Popok. Educated in the Talmudical Colleges of Mir and Volosin. Rabbinical authorization conferred by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan, Kovno, and Rabbi Samuel Mohilever, Bialystok. Married Yetta Rubinstein. Was principal Hebrew public schools, Pinsk; founder of a Hebrew school at Ekaterinoslav, and later travelling preacher. Preached in three hundred towns of Russia, Germany, Great Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, and the United States. Interested in propaganda of Zionism, after anti-Jewish riots in Russia, 1882; banished from Russia for liberal utterances at public meetings, 1894; arrived in the United States, 1895; appointed official lec- turer in Yiddish by the Educational Alliance, 1898; an organizer and the president, 1902-1904, of the Lebanon Printing and Pub- lishing Company, which issued a daily, The Jewish World. Author: Stories of my Travels (2 parts). Has written literary articles in Hebrew and jargon periodicals. About three hundred of his lectures have been published. Address: 262 East Broad- way, New York. - May, Mitchell. Lawyer. Born July 10, 1871, Brooklyn, N. Y. Son of Nathan May and Matilda Miihlhauser. Educated in Brook- lyn public schools and Polytechnic Institute. LL. B., Columbia College Law School, New York. Married Pauline Joli. Was member of Congress from Sixth New York Congressional District BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 153 in the Fifty-sixth Congress. President Unity Club of Brooklyn, 1896-1900; charter director Brooklyn Hospital and Hebrew Educa- tional Society, Brooklyn. Residence: 95 Division Av. Office: 350 Fulton, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mayer, Edward Everett. Physician. Born June 18, 1875, Alle- gheny, Pa. Son of Rabbi Lippman Mayer and Elise Hecht. Edu- cated in Pittsburg; B. A., 1895; M. D., 1897; M. A., 1898, Western University of Pennsylvania; courses at Universities of Wiirzburg, Vienna, Paris, and London. Married Rose Mae Lamm. Associate professor Mental and Nervous Diseases, Western University of Pennsylvania; neurologist to Memorial Hospital for Crippled Children and to Presbyterian Hospital; president Western Penn- sylvania Medical Society; treasurer Pittsburg Academy of Medi- cine. Was city physician Allegheny City; first national president Phi Beta Pi Medical Fraternity; physician for Western Pennsyl- vania to National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives, Denver. Translated and edited Oppenheim's Diseases of the Nervous Sys- tem. Address: 524 Penn Av., Pittsburg, Pa. Mayer, Emil. Physician, Specialist for Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear. Born May 23, 1854, New York City. Son of David Mayer and Henrietta Rosenbaum. Educated in New York public schools, and College City of New York. Graduate College of Pharmacy, 1873, and M. D., 1877, New York University. Married Louise Blume. Surgeon Throat Department, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, since 1893; adjunct attending laryngologist, Mount Sinai Hospital; chairman of Section on Laryngology and Otology, American Medical Association, 1898-1899; of Section on Laryn- gology, New York Academy of Medicine, 1902; chairman, 1901, and now vice-president, Fifth District Branch New York State Medi- cal Association. Member House of Delegates American Medical Association, 1902-1904; and of a number of medical societies. Originator of tubes used in nasal operations, and other instru- ments. American editor Internationales Centralblatt fur Laryn- gologie. Contributor to American and European medical journals. One of the authors of Text Book on Diseases of the Nose and Throat. Address: 25 East 77th, New York. Mayer, Henry (" Hy" Mayer). Artist, Caricaturist. Born July 18, 1868, Worms, Germany. Son of Hermann Mayer, Sr., and Helene Loeb. Educated at Worms Gymnasium. Contributor to Life, Judge, Truth, Harper, Century, Fliegende Blatter, Figaro Illustre, Le Rire, Black and White, and Pall Mall Magazine. Works: In Laughland; Fantasies in Ha Ha; Autobiography of a Monkey; A Trip to Toyland; Adventures of a Japanese Doll; The Real New York. Address: 30 West 24th, New York. 154 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Mayer, Julius M. Lawyer. Born September 5, 1865, New York. Son of Joseph Daniel Mayer and Fannie Marshuetz. A. B., 1884, College City of New York; LL. B., 1886, Columbia College Law School. Counsel to Excise Board, 1895-1896, Building Depart- ment, 1897-1898; justice Court of Special Sessions, 1902-1904; counsel, 1894, to Legislative Committee which investigated con- dition of women and children in workshops, and effected im- portant remedial legislation as to factories; all in New York City. At present president Jewish Protectory and Aid Society, New York. Residence: 375 West 123d. Office: 38 Park Row, New York. Meltzer, Samuel James. Physician, and Associate Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Born March 22, 1851, Troip, Kovno, Russia. Son of Simon Meltzer. Received rabbinical edu- cation in Russia; general education at Konigsberg, Prussia. M. D., 1882, University of Berlin; also studied philosophy at University of Berlin. President Society for Experimental Biology and Medi- cine, and American Gastro-Enterological Association; fellow Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, and of New York Acad- emy of Science; chairman Section of Physiology World's Congress of Arts and Sciences at Louisiana Purchase Exposition; member Association of American Physicians, American Physiological So- ciety, Society of American Pathologists, Society of American Bacteriologists, etc. Attending physician Harlem (Bellevue) Hospital. Author of over ninety publications on biology, physiol- ogy, scientific and practical medicine. Address: 107 West 122d, New York. Messing, Alfred H. News Editor Hearst's Chicago Examiner. Born November 9, 1875, Williamsport, Pa. Son of Henry J. Mess- ing and Jennie May. Educated in St. Louis public and high schools, and Washington University (St. Louis, Mo.) Law Depart- ment. Married Grace Moss. Was real estate editor, St. Louis Globe Democrat; Sunday, telegraph, city, and assistant managing editor, of St. Louis Star. Address: care Hearst's Chicago Ameri- can, 214-216 Madison, Chicago, 111. *Meyer, Adolph. Member of Congress from First District of Louisiana. Born October 19, 1842. Was a student at the Univer- sity of Virginia until 1862, during which year he entered the Con- federate army and served until the close of the war on the staff of Brigadier-General John S. Williams, of Kentucky, holding fin- ally the position of assistant adjutant general; at the close of the war returned to Louisiana, and has been engaged largely in the culture of cotton and sugar since; has also been engaged in com- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 155

mercial and financial pursuits in the city of New Orleans; was elected colonel of the First Regiment of Louisiana State National Guard in 1879, and in 1881 was appointed brigadier-general to command the First Brigade, embracing all the uniformed corps of the State; was elected to the Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty- fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty-seventh Congresses, and re-elected to the Fifty-eighth Congress. Meyer, Alfred. Physician. Born June 18, 1854, New York City. Son of Isaac Meyer and Mathilda Langenbach. Educated in Doctor Gerke's German American Institute. A. B. and A. M., Columbia University; M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons; pursued courses at Universities of Leipzig and Vienna. Married Annie Florance Nathan. Attending physician Mount Sinai Hos- pital; consulting physician Bedford Sanitarium for Consumptives of Montefiore Home, and for Diseases of Lungs, United Hebrew Charities; chairman Library Committee, New York Academy of Medicine; director United Hebrew Charities. Active worker for the establishment of a New York State Hospital for Incipient Tuberculosis; made the first plea for a Municipal Sanatorium for Consumptives before the New York Academy of Medicine. Author: On Empyema; On the Pathology of Bright's Disease; On the Massachusetts State Hospital for Consumptives; On Paroxysmal Tachycardia; On Five Hundred Cases of Lobar Pneumonia; On the Relationship of Fistula in Ano to Pulmonary Tuberculosis, On a Case of Complete Fibrous Obstruction of the Superior and Inferior Venas Cavae, etc. Address: 801 Madison Av., New York. Meyer, Annie Nathan (Mrs. Alfred). Writer. Born February 19, 1867, New York City. Daughter of Robert Weeks Nathan and Anne Augusta Florance. Taught at home, and at a school for one year. Took one year examinations at Columbia College before Barnard was founded. Married Dr. Alfred Meyer. Was chairman Literary Congress Chicago World's Fair Congresses of Women; trustee Aguilar Free Circulating Library; and has been trustee Barnard College since its foundation. Founder of Barnard Col- lege; wrote essay on Need of an Affiliated College for Women, in The Nation, January, 1888, placed in corner-stone of one of the Barnard College buildings; wrote original petition to trustees of Columbia College, and obtained all the hundreds of signatures to it; for four years personally raised most of the funds for the College, also got together first board of trustees. Author: Women's Work in America; Helen Brent, M. D.; My Park Book; Robert Annyss, Poor Priest. Writer on literary subjects, skits, sketches, critiques on painting and on fiction, appearing in Book- man, Critic, Harper's Monthly, Bazar, and Weekly, North Ameri- 156 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK can Review, Lippincott's, Evening Post, New Era, American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger. Address: 801 Madison Av., New York. Mielziner, Leo. Artist. Born December 8, 1869, New York. Son of Rabbi Moses Mielziner and Rosette Levald. Educated at Cincinnati Art Academy and Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Mar- ried Ella M. Friend. Was first vice-president American Art Asso- ciation, Paris. Made oil portrait of the late Dr. M. Mielziner; portrait busts of the late Dr. I. M. Wise and of Israel Zangwill; miniature portrait of Dr. Alexandre Marmorek. Address: 17, rue Boissonade, Paris, France. Miller, Sara. Teacher New York elementary schools. Born November 7, 1876, New York. Daughter of Emanuel Miller and Carolina Katz. Educated in elementary private and public schools, Normal College, and Columbia University. Author: Under the Eagle's Wing. Address: 183 West 87th, New York. Milwitzky, William. Philologist. Born December 24, 1874, Jan- ishki, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Jacob Menasseh Milwitzky and Hinda Riva Mandelstamm. Educated in German Gymnasium, Goldingen, Courland; Newark, N. J., public and high schools, Columbia College, New York, and University of Paris (eleve titulaire de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes). Was private instructor to the son of Gaston Paris, 1896-1898; assistant Philological De- partment, Harvard College Library, 1899-1900; assistant Jewish Encyclopedia, 1900-1901; engaged in private work and publica- tion of philological studies, since 1901; is collecting and arranging material for philological work on Spanish dialects. Emigrated to America, 1888; private pupil of Gaston Paris, 1895-1898; travelled through Turkey, Greece, and Roumania, to collect material for study of Judfeo-Spanish dialects. Contributed articles to Modern Language Notes, and Jewish Encyclopedia (vols. 1-3). Author: (in collaboration with Gaston Paris) Glossaires latin-francais du Moyen Age (unpublished); (in collaboration with S. Berger) La Bible en Espagne. Address: Quinta Palatino, Cerro, Habana, Cuba, or 367 Morris Av., Newark, N. J. Mordecai, Augustus. Assistant Chief Engineer Erie Railroad. Born September 8, 1847, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Alfred Mordecai and Sara A. Hays. Educated in private schools and Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Married Mar- garet E. Bowman. Appointed engineer Pennsylvania Railroad, 1867; St. Louis, Council Bluffs, and Omaha Railroad, 1870; Pitts- burg, Virginia, and Charleston Railroad, 1871; Atlantic and Great BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 157

Western Railroad, 1873; general roadmaster New York, Penn- sylvania, and Ohio Railroad, 1888; chief engineer Erie Railroad, 1892; assistant chief engineer Brie Railroad, 1894. Address: Gar- fleld Building, Cleveland, O. Moritz, Albert. Lieutenant-Commander United States Navy; at present Chief Engineer United States Battleship Alabama. Born June 8, 1860, Cincinnati, O. Son of Mayer Moritz and Caroline Frank. Educated in public schools, New York City; College City of New York, 1875-1877. Appointed, by competitive examination, Cadet Engineer from New York to Naval Academy, Annapolis, 1877. Graduate Naval Academy, 1881. Married Henrietta Good- man. Commissioned assistant engineer, 1883; passed assistant engineer, 1894; promoted lieutenant, 1899; promoted lieutenant- commander, 1903. Served on the following ships: Enterprise, 1882-1883; Juniata, 1886-1889; Yorktown, Baltimore, and Mon- terey, 1893-1896; Minneapolis, Saturn, Brooklyn, Topeka, New- ark, Yosemite, and Brutus, 1898-1901; Kearsarge and Ala- bama, 1903-1904. Served on shore: inspector of machinery of Maine, 1889-1893; New York Navy Yard inspector of brass and copper material, 1896-1898; inspector of machinery, engineering material, and ordnance, 1901-1903. Erected first ice-plant, in Guam, P. I., 1900. Commended for gallant conduct when Yosemite was wrecked in typhoon off Guam, 1900. Address: Navy Depart- men, Washington, D. C.

*Morris, Nelson. Packer. Born January 21, 1839, Black Forest, Germany. Self-educated. Emigrated to the United States at twelve; went to Chicago, 1854; secured employment in stock yards. Began business for himself two years later. Married Sarah Vogel. President Nelson Morris and Company. Officer or director of several banks and other enterprises. Residence: 2453 Indiana Av. Office: Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. Morse, Godfrey. Lawyer. Born May 19, 1846, Wachenheim, Bavaria. Son of Jacob Maas Morse and Charlotte Mehlinger. Educated in Boston public schools. A. B., 1870, and LL. B., 1872, Harvard University; A.M., 1900, Tufts College. Member Boston School Committee, 1876-1878; Common Council, 1882-1883, and president of Council, 1883; commissioner for building a court house for Suffolk County, Mass., 1885-1892; assistant counsel for the United States, Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, 1883; trustee Boston Dental College; president Boston Federation of Jewish Charities, Leopold Morse Home for Infirm Hebrews and Orphanage, Boston Branch Alliance Israelite Universelle, Purim Association, Elysium Club, and member and trustee of many 158 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK other charitable and semi-public organizations. Address: Ex- change Building, 53 State, Boston, Mass. Moschcowitz, Paul. Artist. Born March 4, 1873, Giralt, Hun- gary. Son of Morris Moschcowitz and Rose Baumgarten. Edu- cated at Giralt and New York public schools. Pupil of H. Siddons Mowbray, Benjamin Constant, and J. MeNeill Whistler. Instructor Art Students League, 1902; Sketch Club, 1896-1897, both of New York. Member Society of American Artists; trustee Artists Aid Society of New York. Has painted numerous por- traits. Address: 939 Eighth Av., New York. Moses, Jacob M. Lawyer. Born 1873, Baltimore, Md. Son of Moses Moses and Rose Levi. Educated in Baltimore public schools. A. B., 1893, Johns Hopkins University; LL. B., 1895, University of Maryland. Married Hortense E. Guggenheimer. State Senator, 1900-1904; member Maryland and Virginia Oyster Commission, 1902, and member Phi Beta Kappa, Johns Hopkins University. Author: The Law Applicable to Strikes. Address: 2321 Linden Av., Baltimore, Md. Mosler, Gustave Henry. Artist. Born June 16, 1875, Munich, Germany, of American parents, Henry Mosler and Sara Cahn. Educated at Paris. Received gold medal, Paris Salon, 1901. Pic- ture purchased by Erie Art Club, Erie, Pa. Works: The Empty Cradle, reproduced by Raphael Tuck; De Profundis, exhibited at Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. Address: Euclid Hall, 2347 Broadway, New York. Mosler, Henry. Artist. Born June 6, 1841, in Silesia. Son of Gustave Mosler and Sophie Wiener. Educated in France and Germany. Married Sara Cahn. Special artist for Harper's Weekly during Civil War. Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, 1892, and Officier d'Academie, 1892; 1879, honorable mention, and 1888, gold medal, Salon; medal Royal Academy, Munich, 1874; gold medals: International Exhibition, Nice, France, 1879; Archduke Carl Lud- wig of Austria, 1893; Atlanta Exposition, Ga., 1895; The Art Club, Philadelphia, 1897; and Charleston (S. C.) Exposition, 1902; silver medal, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889; Hors Concours, 1890; prize ($2500), Prize Fund Exhibition, New York, 1885; Thomas B. Clarke prize, National Academy of Design, 1896. Le Retour purchased, 1879, by the French Government for the Musee de Luxembourg. Other paintings in museums in Sydney, Aus- tralia; Grenoble, France; Louisville, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and New York. Address: Euclid Hall, 2347 Broadway, New York. Moss, Mary. Author. Born September 24, 1864, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Daughter of Wm. Moss, M. D., and Mary Noronha. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 159

Has written a Jewish novel, Julian Meldohla (Lippincott's, Mar., 1903); a Jewish story, Judith Liebestraum (Scribner's, August, 1904); a sketch on the Yiddish Theatre in the Philadelphia Press. Of non-Jewish works, two novels, A Sequence in Hearts and Fruit Out of Season, as well as essays in the Atlantic Monthly, McClure's Magazine, The Bookman, Ainslee's, etc. Residence: Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Moss, William. Physician. Born 1833, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Joseph L. Moss and Julia Levy. Studied at University of Penn- sylvania; M. D., 1855, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Married Mary Noronha. Served in Civil War as private soldier, 16th Pennsylvania Volunteers; surgeon 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and United States Volunteers. Address: Chestnut Av., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Muhlfelder, David. Lawyer, Justice City Court of Albany. Born December 26, 1860, Ballston Spa, New York. Son of Lewis Muhlfelder and Rosa Schwarz. Educated in Ballston Spa public schools; A. B., 1880, Union College, Schenectady; LL. B., 1882, Albany Law School. Has been officer, director, and trustee, of social and charitable organizations. Address: 50 Jay, Albany, N. Y. Myers, Herman. Mayor of Savannah, Ga. Born January 18, 1847, Bavaria, Germany. Son of Sigmund Myers. Educated at Richmond, and Warm Springs, Bath County, Va. President National Bank of Savannah; of Oglethorpe Savings and Trust Company, and of Macon Railway and Light Company. Address: Savannah, Ga. Nathan, Edgar J. Lawyer. Born January 25, 1860, New York City. Son of Gershom Nathan and Rosalie Gomez. Educated in Friends Seminary; LL. B., 1881, Columbia University. Married Sara N. Solis. Belongs to firm of Cardozo and Nathan, direct successor to Morris and Billings, formed in New York, 1863. Has had an active professional career of over twenty years. Address: 128 Broadway, New York. Nathan, Maud (Mrs. Frederick). President, since 1897, of the Consumers' League of the City of New York. Born October 20, 1862, New York City. Daughter of Robert Weeks Nathan and Anne Augusta Florance. Educated in private schools, New York, and in public high school, Green Bay, Wis. Married Frederick Nathan. One of the organizers and incorporators, and was vice- president, Consumers' League, City of New York; was chairman lf,0 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Committee on Industrial Conditions Affecting Women and Chil- dren, in General Federation of Women's Clubs; vice-president Woman's Municipal League; twice speaker at International Con- gress of Women; first president Shearith Israel Sisterhood. On three occasions the only woman speaker at mass meetings with men. Addressed by invitation: American Academy of Political and Social Science; Brooklyn and Philadelphia Ethical Culture Associations; The Cambridge Conferences; Congress of Liberal Religions; three Biennial Meetings of the General Federation of Women's Clubs; National Congress of Mothers; National Council of Women; National Woman's Suffrage Association; People's Insti- tute; and League for Political Education. Has written short arti- cles in North American Review, The World's Work, The New Era, New York Times, etc.; annual reports; and papers on Chris- tianity and Judaism, read before the Unitarian Alliance of Women; The Heart of Judaism, read before the Council of Jew- ish Women, and in pulpit of Temple Beth-El, New York; Philan- thropy vs. Charity, read in pulpit of All Souls Unitarian Church, Chicago. Address: 162 West 86th, New York. Newburger, Joseph E. Judge Court of General Sessions since 1896. Born 1853, New York City. Son of Emanuel Newburger and Lotte Fuchs. Educated in New York public schools. LL. B., Columbia University. Judge City Court, 1891-1895. Was presi- dent Independent Order B'nai B'rith, District No. 1; member Executive Committee Independent Order Free Sons of Israel, and Order Kesher Shel Barzel. Now member Board of Trustees and chairman Executive Committee Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society, New York. Was trustee and president Congre- gation Rodeph Shalom; trustee Hebrew Free Schools; and one of the founders Jewish Theological Seminary of America; all of New York. Address: Criminal Court Building, New York.

Newburger, Morris. President Mechanics National Bank. Born November 12, 1834, Haigerloch, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Ger- many. Son of Samuel Newburger. Educated in Real-Schule and Preceptorate, Haigerloch. Vice-president and chairman School Committee Reform Congregation Keneseth Israel, Philadelphia; president Jewish Publication Society of America, 1888-1902; mem- ber Citizens' Permanent Relief Committee, Philadelphia. Pater- nal ancestors for many generations rabbis and teachers. Address: 323 Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. Newmark, Leo. Physician, Professor Clinical Neurology, Medi- cal Department University of California. Born May 22, 1861, San Francisco, Cal. Son of J. P. Newmark and Augusta Leseritz. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 161

Educated in San Francisco public schools, Friedrichs Gymnasium of Berlin, and University of Berlin. M. D., 1887, University of Strassburg. Has written articles on subjects relating to diseases of the nervous system in American and German medical periodi- cals. Address: 590 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal. Newmark, Nathan. Lawyer. Born June 3, 1853, New York City. Son of Simon Newmark. Educated in Sacramento and San Francisco public schools, and San Francisco Boys High School. A. B., 1873, and A. M., 1877, University of California; LL. B., 1875, Harvard University. Admitted to bar, 1875. Editorial contrib- utor to The Hebrew, San Francisco, for twenty years. Author: On Sales and Bank Deposits; Annotations of California Code of Civil Procedure and Political Code. Contributor to The Green Bag, Central Law Journal, etc. Office: 12 Sutter. Residence: 758 Golden Gate Av., San Francisco, Cal.

Nusbaum, Louis. Assistant Professor Pedagogy, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa., since 1904. Born 1S77, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Isaac Nusbaum and Julia Kohlberg. Studied in Central High School (A. B., 1893); Philadelphia School of Peda- gogy; special student University of Pennsylvania; and Illinois Wesleyan University (Ph. B., 1899). Instructor Philadelphia ele- mentary schools, 1895-1900; critic teacher, Central High School, 1900-1902; instructor Pedagogy, Central High School, 1902-1904. Was secretary and treasurer Herbart Club of Philadelphia, 1896- 1899; member Executive Council Educational Club of Philadel- phia, 1901-1904; chairman Committee on Publicity, Philadelphia Teachers' Association, during salary campaign, 1903. At present secretary Schoolmen's Club of Philadelphia. Compiler: A Hun- dred Songs for Public Schools. Associate editor, 1899-1902, chief editor, since 1902, of The Teacher, Philadelphia. Address: Cen- tral High School, Broad and Green, or 2422 North Park Av., Philadelphia, Pa. Ochs, Adolph S. Publisher , Philadelphia Public Ledger, Chattanooga, Tenn., Times. Born March 12, 1858, Cincinnati, O. Son of Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy. Edu- cated in Knoxville, Tenn., public schools. Married Effie Miriam Wise, daughter of Rabbi I. M. Wise. Director and treasurer, The Associated Press. Address: The New York Times, New York. Ochs, George Washington. Vice-president and General Man- ager of The Public Ledger, Philadelphia, Pa. Born October 27, 1861, Cincinnati, O. Son of Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy. Educated in University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Mayor of Chat- 162 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK tanooga, 1893-1897 (two terms). President Chamber of Com- merce, 1897, Board of Education, 1897-1899, and Library Associa- tion, 1892-1897, all of Chattanooga. Delegate National Demo- cratic Convention, Third Tennessee Congressional District, 1892; delegate from State at large to Sound-Money Democratic Con- vention, 1896, and Ohio State Delegation; delivered seconding speech nominating Cleveland, 1892. Chevalier Legion of Honor of France; decorated by President Loubet through the United States Secretary of State. Member Executive Committee National Municipal League, and vice-president 1894-1900. Address: The Public Ledger, Philadelphia, Pa. Oppenheim, Nathan. Physician. Born October 17, 1865, Albany, New York. Son of Gerson Oppenheim and Theresa Stein. Edu- cated in Albany high school. A. B., 1888, Harvard University; M. D., 1891, Columbia University. Studied and travelled in Ger- many, Austria, and France. Married Bertha Elsberg. Attending pediatrist Sydenham Hospital, New York; attending neurologist New York City Children's Hospital and Schools; was attending physician Children's Department Mount Sinai Hospital Dispen- sary, New York. Author: The Development of the Child; The Medical Diseases of Childhood; The Care of the Child in Health; Mental Growth and Control. Has written various essays. Address: 50 East 79th, New York City. Summer residence (from July to September): Basin Harbor, Vermont. Osterberg, Max. Consulting Engineer. Born June 12, 1869, Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Son of Henry Osterberg and Toni Oppenheim. Educated in Real-Schule, and Philanthropin, Frankfort, 1875-1884. Elec. Eng., 1894; A. M., 1896, Columbia Uni- versity, New York. Received honorary university fellowship, 1895. Engaged in commerce, 1885-1891; entered college, 1891, to study electrical engineering, and pursued advanced courses in mechanics, mathematics, and philosophy. Has done teaching, lec- turing, and writing. Member of a number of scientific bodies. Was editor Electric Power. Author: Text book on Thermody- namics, 1894; Index to Current Electric Literature, 1885. Editor Proceedings of the Chicago Electrical Congress, 1893. Wrote pamphlets on Rontgen Rays, etc. Delivered about eight hundred public lectures, 1894-1903. Address: 11 Broadway, New York. Paley, John. Editor The Jewish Daily News, and The Jewish Gazette, since 1893. Born February, 1871, Radishkowitz, Wilna, Russia. Son of Hyman Paley and Chaye Chortow. Educated in private schools, Talmudical Colleges of Minsk and Volosin, and Libau Rabbinical School under Dr. Klein. Married Sophia BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 163

Amchaintzky. Editor Volksadvocat, New York, 1889-1891; Jew- ish Press, Philadelphia, 1891-1892; editor and publisher Volks- wachter, 1892-1893. Author: The Russian Nihilists, and Life in New York, dramas; two vaudevilles for the Yiddish stage; Die Schwarze Chevrah; Uriel Acosta; Mysteries of the East Side; The Erev Rav; Yichus und Verbrechen; Das Leben in New York; etc. Has written over one hundred essays. Address: 161 Barbey, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pastor, Rose Harriet ("Zelda"). Assistant Editor English Department, The Jewish Daily News, and The Jewish Gazette. Born July 18, 1879, Augustovo, Suwalk, Russia. Daughter of Jacob Weislander and Hinda Lewin. Educated in London Jewish Free School. Left Russia for London, 1882; attended school from age of seven to nine; assisted mother by making slipper bows at home; family emigrated to Cleveland, O., 1891; worked as cigar- roller in factory, 1891-1902; wrote first collection of poems, 1898; wrote a letter to Jewish Daily News, 1900, receiving offer of monthly check by return mail, with suggestion from the editor to write talks to girls; has written Talks since 1900; left cigar factory, 1902, for New York City. Has written short stories, sketches, and poems, in Jewish Review and Observer, Cleveland, and International Socialist Review, and numerous essays under headings Observer, and Just Between Ourselves, Girls, as well as poems and short stories, in Jewish Daily News, and Jewish Gazette. Address: 1374 Webster Av., Bronx, New York.

Peixotto, George Da Maduro. Portrait Painter, Painter of Mural Decorations. Born Cleveland, O. Son of Benjamin Frank- lin Peixotto and Hannah Straus. Educated in public schools in the United States, Krause Gymnasium, Dresden, and Dresden Royal Academy of Arts. United States vice-consul at Lyons, France, during Garfleld's administration. Received silver medal of Royal Academy at Dresden. "Works: Portraits from life of Cardinal Manning, President McKinley, John Hay, William Win- dom, Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite, Victorien Sardou; and many others of note; decorations of New Amsterdam Theatre, and Criterion Club, New York. Address: Carnegie Hall, New York City. Peixotto, Irma Maduro. Born January 10, 1881, New York City. Daughter of Daniel L. M. Peixotto and Ida J. Solomons. Educated at Washington, D. C, in private schools, and public elementary and high schools. Has written articles for Lippincott's Magazine, Bookman, and Good Housekeeping. Drawings published in Good Housekeeping. Address: 1205 K, Washington, D. C. 164 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Peixotto, Victoria Maud ("Victoria Addison"). Actress. Born at Lyons, France. Daughter of Benjamin F. Peixotto and Hannah Straus. Educated at Paris. Played with Mrs. Fisk, 1902; Stuart Rohson, 1903; Henry Miller, 1904. Has been on the stage two years; was the last Agnes of Stuart Robson in his favorite play, The Henrietta, and has come under the favorable notice of Belasco, Mrs. Fisk, and the Frohman brothers. Has toured the West as far as San Francisco. Specialty: interpretation of classi- cal and modern comedy roles. Address: Carnegie Hall, New York City. Pessels, Constance. Teacher of English, San Antonio High School, San Antonio, Texas, since 1897. Born September 9, 1864, New York City. Son of Gustave Pessels and Aloine Steenbock. Studied in University of Texas, Austin. B. L., 1886; M. A., 1892; Ph. D., J894, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Teacher in Tyler (Tex.) high school, 1887-1888; Galveston public schools, 1S88-1891; instructor in English, University of Texas, 1896-1897. Author: The Present and Past Periphrastic Tenses in Anglo- Saxon (Dissertation), 1896; The Religious and Ethical Import of Judaism, published in the Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Session of District Grand Lodge No. 7, Independent Order B'nai B'rith. Address: 429 Goliod, San Antonio, Texas. *Phillips, Barnet. Journalist. Born November 9, 1828, Phila- delphia, Pa. Graduate, 1847, University of Pennsylvania. Studied in Europe and engaged in journalism. Since 1872 on staff of New York Times. Author: The Struggle; Burning their Ships. Address: 41 Park Row, New York. Phillips, J. Campbell. Artist. Born February 27, 1873, New York City. Son of Isaac Phillips and Adeline Cohen. Studied in Metropolitan Museum of Art School, Art Students League, and private studio of William M. Chase. Illustrator for New York Herald, Truth, Judge, Once a Week (now Collier's Weekly), at sixteen years of age; illustrator for Harper's, Scribner's, and other magazines, until 1900. Then devoted time to painting in oils, making a specialty of negro life on the rice and cotton plantations. At present makes a specialty of portraits. First painting exhib- ited in National Academy, 1893; has since exhibited in National Academy, Society of American Artists, and throughout the United States. Works: Cupid's Calendar, 1898; Plantation Sketches, 1899; reproductions and engravings from paintings, among them Breaking Home Ties, The Hunter's Yarn, Memories, Meditations, etc. Address: Carnegie Hall Studios, 56th and 7th Av., New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 165

Phillips, Morris. Author, Traveller, Editor (retired from ac- tive life). Born May 9, 1834, London, England. Son of Philip Phillips. Educated in Cleveland, O., and under private tutors, New York; studied law in Buffalo and New York. Married Elizabeth Rode. Entered law office of Brown, Hall, and Vanderpoel; asso- ciated himself with the old Mirror; in conjunction with the poets N. P. Willis and George P. Morris, its founders, conducted the New York Home Journal (since 1900 Town and Country), 1854; became sole editor and proprietor in the 80's; and at present re- tains proprietary interest in it. Originated publication of social news and other features of modern journalism. Travelled exten- sively in America and abroad. Author: Abroad and at Home. Has contributed to many periodicals and newspapers, especially travel sketches. Address: 235 Broadway, New York.

Phillips, Naphtali Taylor. Deputy Comptroller New York City since 1902. Born December 5, 1868, New York City. Son of Isaac Phillips and Miriam Trimble. Educated in Columbia Grammar School; LL. B., 1888, Columbia University. Married Rosalie Solo- mons. Member New York State Legislature, 1898-1901; member Joint Statutory Revision Commission of Legislature, State of New York, 1900; member New York bar and bar of United States Supreme Court; Sons of American Revolution; Bar Association of New York City; New York Historical Society, etc. Contributor to Publications American Jewish Historical Society. Address: 280 Broadway, New York. Platzek, M. Warley. Lawyer. Born August 27, 1854, North Carolina. Graduate University of New York; LL. B., 1876; LL. D., 1899, Rutherford College, North Carolina. Member Constitutional Convention, 1894, New York. Trustee College City of New York. Author: (essays) Trial by Jury; Israel and Islam; American Grit; etc. Address: 320 Broadway, New York. Pollak, Gustav, Editor Babyhood, since 1884, and Contributor to The New York Evening Post. Born May 4, 1849, Vienna, Aus- tria. Son of Lazar Pollak and Magdalena Klein. Educated at Vienna. Married Celia Heilprin. Was connected with the edi- torial revision of the Century Cyclopedia and the New Interna- tional Encyclopedia. Cashier New York Evening Post, 1881-1893. Was interested in local political matters while resident of Summit, N. J., 1884-1901; nominated State Senator from Union County, by the Sound-Money Democrats, 1896; several times a delegate to the State conventions at Trenton. Author: (with Dr. L. M. Yale) The Century Book for Mothers, and Our Success in Child Train- ing. Wrote article on Vienna in Appleton's New American Ency- 11 166 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

clopedia; contributor for many years to Nation and Evening Post on foreign politics and literary matters. Address: 219 West 138th, New York. Popper, William. Gustav Gottheil Lecturer in Semitic Lan- guages, Columbia University; Associate Revising Editor and Chief of Bureau of Translation, Jewish Encyclopedia. Born October 26, 1874, St. Louis, Mo. Son of Simon Popper and Bar- bara Cohn. Educated in Brooklyn public schools; College City of New York; A. B., 1896; A.M., 1897, and Ph.D., 1899, Columbia University. Studied also in Universities of Strassburg and Berlin; Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen, Berlin; Ecole Spgciale des Langues Orientales Vivantes; Ecole des Hautes Etudes; College de France, Paris. Travelled in Germany, France, Austria, and Spain, 1899-1901; Egypt, Syria, Palestine, the Hauran, North Syrian Desert, the Euphrates region, Bagdad, and Bombay, 1901-1902. Contributed to the Jewish Encyclopedia and the International Encyclopedia. Doctor dissertation: The Censorship of Hebrew Books, 1899. Address: 260 West 93d, New York. Price, George Moses. Physician and Sanitarian. Born May 21, 1864, Poltava, Russia. Son of Nison Pris. Educated in Real Gymnasium, Russia; M. D., 1895, New York University Medical College. Married Anna Orshansky. Came to America in 1882. Sanitary inspector, New York Sanitary Society, 1884; manager Model Tenements, 1888; correspondent American Hebrew, Jewish Messenger, and Evening Post, 1889; inspector New York State Tenement Commission, 1894; inspector New York Health Depart- ment since 1895. Author: Russian Hebrews in America (pub- lished in Russian and in Yiddish), 1891; A Handbook on Sanita- tion, 1901; The Sanitary Laws of Moses, 1901; Tenement-House Inspection, 1904; The Hygiene of Occupations, 1903. Address: 254 East Broadway, New York. Putzel, Lewis. Lawyer. Born December 16, 1866, Baltimore, Md. Son of Selig G. Putzel and Sophie Neuberger. Educated in Baltimore public schools. Graduate Baltimore City College; LL. B., 1888, University of Maryland. Married Birdie Rosenberg. Elected to Maryland House of Delegates, 1895; to State Senate, 1897, re-elected, 1901; Republican caucus nominee for President of the Senate, 1902. Appointed Baltimore city attorney, 1896; ap- pointed member Charter Commission that prepared new charter for City of Baltimore, 1898; president Republican city convention, 1903. Residence: 804 Reservoir. Office: 114 East Lexington, Baltimore, Md. " Ralph Royal." See Abarbanell, Jacob Ralph. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 167

Rayner, Isidor. Lawyer, United States Senator-elect from Mary- land. Born April 11, 1850, Baltimore, Md. Son of William S. Rayner. Educated in University of Virginia, Academic and Law Departments. Student in law office of Messrs. Brown and Brune, Baltimore. Married Miss Bevan. Elected member Maryland Legis- lature, 1878; was acting chairman of Judiciary Committee during the session; returned to practice of law until 1886, when he was elected State Senator, again working on the Judiciary Committee and taking leading part in debates. Was elected to Congress, 1886, and has served three times in Congress since, each time receiving unanimous nomination; declined nomination for a fourth term. Served upon the Committees of Foreign Affairs, Coinage, Weights and Measures, and Commerce; was chairman Committee on Organization, conducting contest for repeal of the Sherman Silver Bill. Elected attorney-general of Maryland, 1899. Conducted canvass with Vice-president Stevenson in the Eastern States in Cleveland campaigns; was leading counsel for Rear Admiral Schley before the Court of Inquiry. Address: 8 East Lexington, Baltimore.

Reiwitch, Herman L. Assistant Advertising Manager, Selz, Schwab, and Company, Chicago, 111. Born December 25, 1868, Odessa, Russia. Son of David Reiwitch and Fannie Zack. Left school at eleven years of age to aid in support of family. Came to America at the age of three; removed from New York to Chicago at twelve. Married Fay Sachs. Messenger boy until fourteen; entered the office of The Chicago Tribune, remaining there for ten years in the capacity of office boy, reporter, and assistant editor; for one year assistant city editor Chicago Herald (now Record-Herald), and for ten years its city editor. Was labor reporter on the Tribune during the Haymarket riot, 1886. Address: 5335 Prairie Av., Chicago, 111. Rice, Isaac Leopold. Born February 22, 1850, Wachenheim, Bavaria. Son of Meier Rice and Fanny Sohn. Educated in public schools and Central High School, Philadelphia. Graduate Law School Columbia College, 1880. LL. D., 1902, Bates College. Mar- ried Julia Hynemann Barnett, 1884. Appointed lecturer on bib- liography of political science, Columbia College, 1882; took up practice of law, 1883; returned to Columbia College as instructor in the Law School, 1884, giving courses of lectures on history of the courts in England and America; resigned, 1886, to devote him- self to railroad law. Reorganized Brooklyn Elevated Railroad Company; helped to reorganize St. Louis and Southwestern Rail- way, 1885; also Rio Grande Division Texas-Pacific; became director Richmond Terminal and Richmond-Danville and Tennessee Sys- 168 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK terns of the Georgia Company controlling Central Railway and Banking Company of Georgia, all of which properties now con- stitute the Southern Railway; called to settle the difficulties of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway, 1889, and went to Europe as its foreign representative. Founder Electric Storage Battery industry, and president Electric Storage Battery Company; organ- izer and first president Electric Vehicle Company, thus founding electric automobile industry in the United States; organizer and now president Electric Boat Company, which purchased Holland Torpedo Boat Company. Now president Consolidated Railway Electric Lighting and Equipment Company; Consolidated Rail- way Lighting and Refrigerating Company; Lindstrom Brake Com- pany; Holland Torpedo Boat Company; Electric Launch Com- pany; Forum Publishing Company; first vice-president and treas- urer Casein Company of America, and of Casein Manufacturing Company; chairman board of directors Consolidated Rubber Tire Company; member board of directors Buckeye Rubber Company; Chicago Electric Traction Company; and National Art Theatre Society. Invented opening known as the Rice Gambit in chess; presented silver trophy for the International Universities Chess Match, contested annually by cable for England by Oxford and Cambridge, for America by Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and Colum- bia. Author: What is Music. Has written articles for the Cen- tury, North American Review, and Forum. Residence: 89th and Riverside Drive, New York City.

*Rice, Joseph M. Physician, Editor The Forum. Born 1857, Philadelphia, Pa. Educated in Philadelphia and New York. Studied in College City of New York. Graduate, 1881, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Practiced medicine in New York, 1881-1888; studied psychology and pedagogics, Universities of Jena and Leipzig, 1888-1890; has published many articles on educational subjects. Author: The Public School System of the United States; The Rational Spelling Book. Residence: 7 Hill- side Av., Summit, N. J. Office: 125 East 23d, New York.

Richards, Bernard G. Journalist. Born March 9, 1877, Keidan, Kovno, Russia. Son of Alexander Richards and Chana Sirk! Attended Cheder until fourteen years of age. Married Gertrude Gruzinskie. Came to America, 1886; returned to Keidan at the end of ten months, and again came to America, 1891, and has lived in New York, Boston, and Denver, supporting himself as peddler, clerk in dry goods store, English teacher, and Yiddish journalist. Was Boston correspondent New York Yiddish dailies; editor Boston Israelite (Yiddish); reporter for the Boston Post for six years, and for The Boston Journal; contributor to the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 169

Boston Evening Transcript; editor English Department Jewish World, New York. Author: Discourses of Keidansky. Has written magazine and newspaper articles and stories. Address: 220 West 114th, New York. Richman, Julia. District Superintendent New York Public Schools. Born October 12, 1855, New York. Daughter of Moses Richman and Theresa Mellis. Educated in New York City public schools and Normal College. Pursued post-graduate courses at School of Pedagogy, University City of New York. Was succes- sively teacher, principal, and district superintendent of New York public schools. First Chairman Committee on Religious Work, National Council of Jewish Women; pioneer in educational reform in public school work; originated Parents' Meetings in connection with public schools. Director Hebrew Free School Association, and Educational Alliance, New York, and Jewish Chautauqua Society. Created and edited Helpful Thoughts. Has written edu- cational articles in Educational Review, School Journal, School Work, and other periodicals. Address: 116 Henry, New York. Ries, Elias Elkan. Inventor, Consulting Electrical and Mechan- ical Engineer, Solicitor of Patents. Born January 16, 1862, Ran- degg, Baden. Son of Elkan Elias Ries and Bertha Weil. Came to America, 1865. Educated in New York and Baltimore public schools. Pursued courses in technical and mechanical drawing at Cooper Union, New York City, and Maryland Institute, Balti- more, and attended lecture courses at Johns Hopkins University. Studied telegraphy, at a business college in Baltimore, while assisting his father in his shoe factory. Became telegraph opera- tor, 1876, making improvements in telephone, telegraph, and other electrical apparatus. Removed to New York from Balti- more, and held positions with the Edison Company; United States Electric Illuminating Company; and Fuller Electric Manufactur- ing Company. Returned to Baltimore, 1884, and developed his own inventions in electric signalling, electric railways, etc.; organized Ries Electric Specialty Company, 1891, which intro- duced the Ries regulating socket for " turning down " the light or " candle power" of electric lamps. Inventor of alternating- current electric railway system; of the method of electrically welding track rails; of various motor controllers; of a new tele- phone system; etc., holding over one hundred and fifty patents for inventions chiefly in the electric field. Member of various scientific societies; charter member American Association of In- ventors and Manufacturers; and of American Electrochemical Society. Married Helen Hirshberg, 1895. Resident of New York since 1896. Has contributed articles to scientific and technical journals since 1886. Address: 116 Nassau, New York. 170 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Riesman, David. Physician. Born March 25, 1867, Stadt-Lengs- feld, Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Son of Nathan Riesman and Sophie Eisman. Educated in Ducal Gymnasium, Meiningen, Germany; Portsmouth, O., public and high schools. Studied medicine in University of Michigan, and University of Pennsylvania (M. D., 1892). Was professor Clinical Medicine, Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine; associate in Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; visiting physician Philadelphia Gen- eral Hospital and Jewish Hospital; neurologist Northern Dispen- sary. Ex-president Northern Medical Association, Philadelphia. Fellow College of Physicians, Philadelphia; member American Medical Association; American Association for the Advancement of Science; German-American Historical Society; honorary mem- ber Cumberland County, New Jersey, Medical Society; member University Club; and Medical Club of Philadelphia. Editor: (with Dr. Ludwig Hektoen) American Text-Book of Pathology; Proceedings of Pathological Society of Philadelphia. Has con- tributed articles to medical journals. Address: 1624 Spruce, Philadelphia, Pa. Rombro, Jacob (nom de plume, "Philip Krantz"). Editor of Die Arbeiter Welt, and of Die Zukunft. Born October, 1858, Podolia, Russia. Son of Baruch Rombro and Bella Rosa Uger. Entered Jitomir Rabbinical school at age of fourteen; attended the Real-Gymnasium at Biala-Zerkoff, Kiev, 1879; St. Petersburg Technological Institute, 1879-1881; studied at Sorbonne, Paris, 1882; pursued post-graduate courses in chemistry, New York University, 1893. Married Eva Gordon. Arrested 1877, and im- prisoned for one year, in Charkov for political propaganda; sen- tenced to be under supervision of police. Emigrated to escape arrest for affiliation with Russian Revolutionary Party, 1881, and has lived in Paris, London, and New York as a political exile since. Engaged in journalism, 1880; first connected with Rus- sian Jewish weekly Razsviet; assistant lecturer in chemistry, New York University, 1893; teacher of English, New York public evening schools, 1894-1902. Connected with Socialistic movement. First editor London Arbeiter Freund, 1885. Now writer for the International Publishing Company, New York. Contributed, in Russian, to Razsviet, Voschod, and Zarya (daily, in Kiev, sup- pressed by the Government). Has written in Yiddish articles for labor and radical periodicals since 1885. Author: History of Culture; History of the French Revolution; Exodus according to Egyptian Sources; English Teacher for Jews. Writer of social- istic pamphlets. Address: 26 Canal, New York. Rosenau, Milton J. Passed Assistant Surgeon and Director of the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 171

Marine Hospital Service since 1900. Born January 1, 1869, Phila- delphia, Pa. Son of Nathan Rosenau and Mathilda Blitz. Grad- uate Philadelphia high school, 1886; studied medicine in Univer- sity of Pennsylvania (M. D., 1889); Hygienic Institute, Berlin; Pasteur Institute, Paris; laboratories and hospitals of Vienna. Married Myra B. Frank, 1900. Entered United States Marine Hospital Service, 1890; sanitary attache to United States consul- ates at Hamburg and , during cholera epidemic in Europe, 1893; United States quarantine officer at port of San Francisco, Cal., 1895-1898; established, upon original ideas, quar- antine system and regulations for Island of uba, 1899; studied abroad, 1901; delegate from United States to enth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, and . uirteenth Interna- tional Congress of Medicine, Paris, 1900; represented United States on International Committee called by France to revise the nomenclature of the causes of death; sanitary expert to second Pan-American Congress held in City of Mexico, 1901-1902; repre- sented United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service at various gatherings of American Medical and American Public Health Associations, New York Academy of Medicine, and meet- ings of Associations for Study of Tuberculosis; chairman of Sec- tion on Etiology of the Yellow Fever Institute of United States, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, and conducted experi- ments in search of the cause of yellow fever in Vera Cruz in 1902 and 1903. Author: Disinfection and Disinfectants (foreign edi- tion entitled, A Practical Guide to Disinfection), 1902. Con- tributed medical articles to medical journals and Government bulletins. Address: 3211 13th, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Rosenberg, Abraham H. Printer. Born October 17, 1838, Pinsk, Russia. Son of Uziel Jaffa Rosenberg and Leah Lieberman. Educated by father and in Rabbinical Seminary, Jitomir, Russia (1871). Began the study of secular branches at age of twenty- two. Married Clara Bercinsky. Life member, since 1872, Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge among Jews in Russia; Chief Rabbi district of Pinsk, 1872-1881; Chief Rabbi district of Niko- laiev, Russia, 1881-1890; instructor Jewish history and religion, at Classical Gymnasium of Nikolaiev, Russia, 1882-1890. Author: Ge Hizayon, 1867-8, Ha-Melitz (on the belief in spirits and ghosts); Tridensky Evrei, 1878 (an historical sketch of Jewish life in the Middle Ages); History of the Jews for High Schools and Rabbinical Seminaries (in Russian), 1889; Hatan Damim, 1892, Ha-Ibri ( a novel of Russian Jewish life); Ozar ha-Shemot (Cyclopedia of the Bible; only 2 vols. issued); Anshe ha-Shem (biographical; in MS.). Address: 1 West 115th, New York City. 172 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Rosendale, Simon W. Lawyer. Born June 23, 1842, Albany, N. Y. Son of Sampson Rosendale and Fannie Sachs. Educated at Albany, and Barre, Vt, Academy. Married Helen Conn. Assistant district attorney, 1864-1867; recorder, 1868-1872; and corporation counsel, of Albany; Attorney General State of New York, 1892-1894; commissioner State Board of Charities, since 1899. President board of trustees Union University. Trustee and director of various organizations. Author: The Involution of Wampum as Currency. Contributor to Publications American Jewish Historical Society. Address: 325 State, Albany, N. Y.

Rosenfeld, Morris. Editor of The Jewish World. Born Decem- ber 28, 1862, Boksha, Suwalk, Poland. Son of Ephraim Rosenfeld and Rachel Wilchinsky. Educated at Cheder and Beth Hamid- rash of Suwalk, New Praga (Warsaw), and Boksha, Russia. Mar- ried Bella Guttenberg. Worked at tailoring in sweat shops in London and New York; learned the diamond-cutting trade in Amsterdam, Holland; was engaged in work at Columbia Univer- sity library; delivered lectures and gave recitations in the promi- nent cities of England and America; has been connected with the editorial staff of all the leading Jewish journals of America. Delegate to Fourth Zionist Congress, London, 1900; appointed on Propaganda Committee for America, at Fifth Zionist Congress, Basle. Gave reading's at Harvard University, 1898; Chicago University, 1900; Wellesley and Radcliffe Colleges, 1902; Tech- nical Institute, Worcester, Mass., 1902. Author: Die Glocke, 1888; Die Blumenkette, 1890; Das Lieder Buch, 1897; Songs from the Ghetto, 1898; Collection of Poems, 1904. Contributor to Der Fraind, and Der Tog, of St. Petersburg, and other papers. Address: 50 Croton Terrace, Yonkers, N. Y.

Rosenfeld, Sydney. Dramatist. Born October 26, 1855, Rich- mond, Va. Educated in Richmond and New York public schools, and by private tutors. Married Genie Holzmeyer Johnson, 1883. First editor of Puck; one of the main movers in the effort to secure a National Theatre for the United States; secretary Na- tional Art Theatre Society; president and managing director of National Theatre Company. Author: (plays) A Possible Case; Imagination; The Club Friend; The Politician; A Man of Ideas; A House of Cards; The Senator (co-author); (operettas and mu- sical plays) The Lady or the Tiger; The Mocking Bird; The Pass- ing Show; The Giddy Throng; The King's Carnival; The Hall of Fame; (adapter) The White Horse Tavern; The Two Escutch- eons; The Black Hussar; Prince Methusalem; Nanon, etc. Ad- dress: The Albany, 215 West 51st, New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 173

Rosenheim, Alfred Faist. Architect. Born June 10, 1859, St. Louis, Mo. Son of Morris Rosenheim and Matilda Ottenheimer. Educated at public schools and Washington University, St. Louis; Hassell's Institute, Frankfort on the Main, Germany; B. A., 1881, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. Married Frances Graham Wheelock. Was employed as assistant by several lead- ing architects of Boston and St. Louis; first important commis- sion executed at twenty-seven; called to Los Angeles in 1903, to take charge of construction of one of the costliest and most im- portant office buildings on the Pacific coast. Was for two years member Board of Directors American Institute of Architects; secretary for eight years of St. Louis Chapter of American Insti- tute of Architects; consulting architect for Rosenberg Memorial Library, Galveston, Tex., in 1901. Address: Suite 815-818 Her- man W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles, Cal.

Rosenthal, Albert. Artist. Born January 30, 1863, Philadel- phia, Pa. Son of Max Rosenthal and Caroline Rosenthal. Edu- cated at Philadelphia and Paris. Married Henrietta Nuneville. Lithographer, etcher, and painter. Address: 1529 Chestnut, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Rosenthal, Herman. Chief of Slavonic Department, New York Public Library; editor Russian Department, Jewish Encyclopedia. Born October 6, 1843, Friedrichstadt, Courland, Russia. Son of Moritz Rosenthal and Pauline Birkhahn. Educated at Bausk district school, and private boarding school at Jacobstadt. Mar- ried Anna Rosenthal. Arrived in United States, 1881; started the first agricultural colony for Russian Jews in America, in Loui- siana; organized two more colonies in South Dakota and New Jersey; was sent by the Great Northern Railway on mission to Japan and China, 1892-1893; secretary German-American Reform Union, 1893-1894; started the Russian daily Zarya, 1890; pub- lished and edited the Hebrew Monthly Intelligencer, New York; member Imperial Russian Orphan Asylum; Red Cross Society, medal of latter, 1877-1878. Contributor since 1885 to New York Staats-Zeitung. Author: Worte des Sammlers, 1893; Lied der Lieder, 1893; Report on Japan, China and Corea, 1893. Address: New York Public Library, Lafayette PL, New York. Rosenthal, Jonas. Merchant. Born June 21, 1843, Oberlauter- bach, . Son of Isaiah Rosenthal and Rosa Walter. Edu- cated in French and Alexandria, La., schools. Married Jeanette Weil. Came to the United States, 1860; served three years and a half in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; member City Council at various times for about fourteen years; member 12 174 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK of Parish Rapides School Board since 1879, and president for twenty years; appointed postmaster of Alexandria by President Cleveland; member of Democratic Executive Committee of the Parish. Address: Alexandria, La. Rosenthal, Lessing. Lawyer. Born November 23, 1868, Chi- cago, 111. Son of Julius Rosenthal and Jette Wolf. Educated at grammar school, and South Division High School, Chicago, 111; Johns Hopkins University (A. B., 1888); studied law in North- western University (LL. B., 1891); post-graduate course, Chi- cago College of Law (LL. B., 1892). Married Mrs. Lillie Frank Myers. Admitted to bar of Illinois, 1891, and is associated in practice with his father under the firm name Julius and Lessing Rosenthal. Was chairman Committee on Judicial Administration of Illinois State Bar Association; vice-president German-American Charity Association of Chicago. Now vice-president Chicago Bar Association, and Civil Service Reform Association of Chicago; member Executive Committee Municipal Voters' League of Chi- cago; secretary Northwestern Association of Johns Hopkins Alumni; director of Jewish Training School, Chicago. Contrib- uted papers, reports, and articles to law journals and periodicals, among them: Some Recent Constructions of Wills, 1896; Ten- dencies in Modern Industrial Society, particularly of Trusts and Combinations, 1899; Some General Reflections touching Recent Progress and Present Tendencies, 1902. Address: 1007 Fort Dear- born Building, Chicago, 111. Rosenthal, Max. Painter, Engraver, Etcher, Lithographer, Il- lustrator. Born November 23, 1833, Turek, near Kalish, Russian Poland. Son of Wolf Rosenthal and Esther Kolsky. Studied art at Berlin under Professor Carl Harnisch; in Paris, under Martin Thurwanger; at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadel- phia. Married Carolina Rosenthal. Came to Philadelphia, 1849, with his teacher, Thurwanger; devoted himself to chromo-litho- graphy, a process in which he was the pioneer; received second prize for composition in Pennsylvania Academy, 1853; silver medal from Franklin Institute for Applied Science in the Graphic Arts, 1854; diploma for achievements in lithographic art from Massachusetts Institute for Arts and Sciences, 1857; diploma from Historical Society of Pennsylvania, for first fac-simile of water colors reproduced in the United States by lithographic process, 1858; successful competitor in Surgical and Medical de- partment of United States in contest to illustrate reports of Medical Staff, 1867; received first prize, 1870, and second prizes in 1873 and 1885, for original designs; invented a process of decorating glass by "sand blast," 1872; during the Civil War BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 175 followed the Army of the Potomac, making Illustrations for the United States Military Commission; since 1880 has etched more than five hundred historical portraits, a collection of which is in the Smithsonian Institution at Washington; also painted original pictures illustrating Longfellow's Building of the Ship, Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi, etc.; produced a number of mezzotinto engrav- ings since 1890; and recently has turned his attention to painting in oil and painting of miniatures. Last work: Jesus at Prayer. Address: 1613 Wallace, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rosenthal, Moritz. Lawyer. Born May 4, 1866, Dixon, 111. Son of Samson Rosenthal and Mina Cahn. Educated at preparatory schools and in University of Michigan (B. L., 1888). Married Virginia Moses. Assistant State's Attorney Cook County, 111.; Assistant United States Attorney Northern Illinois. Residence: 5478 Greenwood Av. Office: 600-614 The Temple, Chicago, 111. •Rosenthal, Toby Edward. Artist. Born March 15, 1848, New Haven, Conn. Studied art under Fortunato Arviola, San Fran- cisco, 1864; Carl von Piloty, Munich, 1865; and Royal Academy, Munich. Received medals in Munich, 1870, and 1883; Philadel- phia, 1876. Removed with family to San Francisco, in 1855. Professional life spent in Europe. Works: Love's Last Offering; Spring, Joy and Sorrow, 1868; Morning Prayers in Bach's Fam- ily, 1870, bought by the Saxon Government, and now in museum of Leipzig; Elaine, 1874; Young Monk in Refectory, 1875; For- bidden Longings; Who laughs Last laughs Best; Girls' Boarding- School Alarmed, 1877; A Mother's Prayer, 1881; Empty Place, 1882; Trial of Constance de Beverley, 1883; Departure from the Family, 1885; Dancing Lesson during the Empire; Out of the Fryingpan into the Fire, 1871. Very few of his works have been exhibited in this country. Address: San Francisco, Cal.

Rosentreter, David. President of the Washington National Bank of St. Louis. Born January 30, 1861, Gollantsch, Germany. Son of Meyer Rosentreter. Educated in Berlin, Germany, and Missouri College of Law, St. Louis, Mo. Married Miss Greene- wald. Was first treasurer of St. Louis Jewish Hospital Associa- tion; director Jewish Relief Association; and founder of Jewish Farmers' Colony in Washington County, Mo. Organized the Washington National Bank of St. Louis. Address: 1401 Wash- ington Av., St. Louis, Mo. Rosenzweig, Gerson. Editor, Author, Poet. Born April, 1861, Bialystok, Russia. Son of Solomon Rosenzweig. Educated in Jewish schools in Berlin and Russia. Married Hannah M. Abram- 176 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK son. Conducted a school in Suwalk, Russia, for ten years, and since 1888 has been interested in Hebrew educational institutions in New York. Co-editor of The Jewish Daily News, and of The Jewish World, New York; published and edited Ha-Ibri, and The Kadimah. Author: Masehet Amerika; Shirim u-Meshalim; American National Songs in Hebrew; Hamisha ve-Aleph. Ad- dress: 1726 Madison Av., New York. Rosewald, Julie. Professor of Singing at Mills College Con- servatory of Music, San Francisco, Cal. Born March 7, 1847, Stuttgart, Germany. Daughter of Moriz Eichberg, Obercantor of Wiirtemberg, and Leonore Seligsberg. Member of a musical family. Educated at Stuttgart and Frankfort on the Main, Ger- many. Married Jacob H. Rosewald (deceased). Prima donna in the Kellogg, the Strakosch, and the Abbott Opera Company; for ten years solo soprano at Temple Emanu-El, San Francisco, dur- ing that time singing and reciting the parts of the service usually sung and recited by a Cantor, in place of that functionary; given title of Professor of Vocal Music by Regents of Mills College of Music, 1894. Many of her pupils, among them Caroline Hamilton, Marie Barna, Anna Miller Wood, Mabelle Gilman, etc., achieved success on the operatic and the concert stage. Published small theoretical works for students, as How Shall I Practice, etc. Address: Hecht Brothers and Company, San Francisco, Cal. •Rosewater, Andrew. Civil and Sanitary Engineer. Born October 31, 1848, Bohemia. Educated in Cleveland common and high schools. Married Frances Meinrath, of Boston. Flagman engineer corps, Union Pacific Railway explorations and surveys, 1864; later in other engineering positions same road; assistant city engineer Omaha, 1868-1870; city engineer, 1870-1875; manager and editor Omaha Bee, 1876-1877; engineer in charge construc- tion Omaha and Northwestern Railway, 1878-1880; resident engi- neer Omaha Water Works Company, 1880-1881; city engineer Omaha, 1881-1887; 1887-1891 consulting and designing engineer of sewerage for twenty-five cities; president electrical subway commission of Washington, 1891-1892; consulting engineer for cities in Colorado, South Dakota, etc. Since 1897 city engineer Omaha and president Board of Public Works, etc. Member American Society of Civil Engineers; president Nebraska Society of Engineers. Wrote report of the Electrical Commission of the District of Columbia to the President, 1891. Address: Omaha, Neb.

Rosewater, Edward. Editor and Publisher Omaha Bee. Born January 28, 1841, Bukowan, Bohemia. Son of Herman Rosen- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 177 wasser and Rosalia Kohn. Educated at Bukowan common schools; Breznitz Real-Schule, Prague; and Commercial College, Cleveland, O.; chiefly self-taught. Married Leah Colman. Came to United States, 1854; peddler, clerk, and bookkeeper, 1854-1858; telegraph operator at eighteen; in United States military tele- graph corps, 1861-1863, transmitting General Pope's despatches from various battlefields; went to Omaha, as manager Pacific Telegraph, 1863; member Nebraska legislature, 1871; founded, 1871, The Omaha Evening Bee, which afterwards became a morn- ing daily, weekly, and Sunday paper. On Republican National Committee, 1892; on advisory board National Committee, 1896 and 1900; received many votes on numerous ballots in Nebraska legis- lature for United States senator, 1901; member United States Mint Commission, 1896; representative of United States and vice-presi- dent Universal Postal Congress, Washington, 1897; original pro- moter Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha, 1898; member of its executive committee in charge of publicity and promotion. Ad- dress: Omaha, Neb.

Rosewater, Victor. Managing Editor Omaha Bee, since 1895. Born February 13, 1871, Omaha, Neb. Son of Edward Rosewater and Leah Colman. Educated at Omaha public schools; Johns Hopkins University; and Columbia University (Ph. B., 1891; A.M., 1892; Ph.D., 1893); fellow in political science, Columbia University, 1892-1893. Married Katie Katz. Began newspaper work on The Bee, 1893. Regent Nebraska State University, 1896- 1897; special lecturer on Municipal Finance, University of Wis- consin, 1904; University of Nebraska, 1895; member Board of Review (city taxes), Omaha, 1902; Omaha Public Library Board, since 1894. Member of General Committee Taxation Department, National Civic Federation, and of economic and historical asso- ciations. Author: Special Assessments: a Study in Municipal Finance, 1898; and Omaha, in Historic Towns of the Western States, 1901; " Laissez faire " in Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy; and Omaha, in Encyclopedia Britannica Supplement. Has contributed articles on economics and finance to Political Science Quarterly; Quarterly Journal of Economics, American Statistical Association Quarterly; Booklovers' Magazine, Munici- pal Affairs, New York Independent, etc. Address: Omaha, Neb.

Rowe, Leo S. Assistant Professor Political Science, University of Pennsylvania. Born September 17, 1871, McGregor, Iowa. Son of Louis R. Rowe. Educated at University of Pennsylvania, Arts Department, and Wharton School of Finance and Economy (Ph. B., 1890). As Fellow of the Wharton School with privilege of foreign study, spent 1890-1892 in Germany, and took the 178 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Doctor's degree at the University of Halle in 1892. Travelled in France and Italy, 1892-1894; appointed lecturer in public law, University of Pennsylvania, 1894; instructor, 1895; assistant pro- fessor, 1897; appointed, by President McKinley, member of the Commission to Revise and Compile the Laws of Porto Rico, 1900; chairman Insular Code Commission, 1901-1902; resumed his aca- demic duties, 1902. Elected president American Academy of Polit- ical Science. Author: The United States and Porto Rico; (co- author) Report of the United States Commission to Revise the Laws of Porto Rico (2 vols.); (co-author) Report of the Insular Code Commission. Published reports and contributed articles on political science and city government to magazines, journals, Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Proceedings of various societies, and foreign publications. Address: Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Rubinow, Isaac M. Examiner United States Civil Service Com- mission since 1903. Born April 19, 1875, Lunny (near Grodno), Russia. Son of Max Rubinow and Esther Shereshewsky. Studied in Petri-Pauli Gymnasium, Moscow, Russia, 1885-1892; Columbia University, 1893-1895 (A. B., 1895); University Medical College, New York, 1895-1898 (M. D., 1898); Columbia University School of Political Science, 1900-1903. Married Sophie Himowich. Came to United States, 1893, after the expulsion of the Jews from Moscow. Correspondent of Russian newspapers since 1897, and contributor to Russian magazines; Washington Staff Correspond- ent of The Publications of the Russian Ministry of Finance, of The St. Petersburg Wedoniosti, Voschod, etc. Has written articles for The American Hebrew, Arena, International Socialist Review, Messenger of Education, The Week's Library, etc., on timely, eco- nomic, and educational topics. Address: 511 8th, N. E., Wash- ington, D. C. Ruskay, Esther J. (Mrs. S. S.). Writer, Journalist. Born 1857, New York City. Daughter of Abraham Baum and Goldie Web- ster. Educated in New York City public schools and Normal College (B. A., 1875). Studied belles lettres and English litera- ture at Columbia University for one year. Married Samuel S. Ruskay. Teacher in public schools, New York City, for two years. Interested in communal work. Author: Book of Poems for Children; Hearth and Home Essays. Contributed stories, poems, and articles to newspapers and magazines. Address: 244 East 86th, New York. Sabsovich, Hirsch Leib. Mayor of Woodbine, N. J.; Superin- tendent of the Woodbine Land and Improvement Company since BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 179

1891, and of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural and Industrial School since 1894. Born February 25, 1860, Rodovka, Charkov, Russia. Son of Ezekiel Ber Sabsovich and Beila M. Simonovich. Studied in the Classical Gymnasium of Berdiansk-Taurida; for two years at Odessa University; for three years in the Agricul- tural School of the Federal Polytechnicum, Zurich, Switzerland. Married Ekatherina Groushke. Agricultural chemist in Odessa University, 1885-1886; manager of landed estates in the Caucasus, Russia, 1886-1888; private teacher in New York, 1888-1889; agri- cultural chemist at Experiment Station of Colorado State Agricul- tural College, 1889-1891. Organized the Committee of Safety in Odessa, during anti-Jewish riots, 1881; organized the Society Am- 01am, which sent about 400 persons to America, 1882; organized The United States Humane Society, in Denver, Colo., to liberate political exiles from Siberia, 1890. Contributed articles on agricul- ture to periodicals in Russia; reports and articles on present work. Address: Woodbine, Cape May Co., N. J. Sachs, Julius. Professor of Secondary Education, Teachers Col- lege, Columbia University; principal of Collegiate Institute, New York City. Born July 6, 1849, Baltimore, Md. Son of Joseph Sachs and Sophia Baer. Educated in a private school, New York City; Columbia College (A. B., and A. M., 1867); Rostock, Germany (Ph.D., 1871). Married Rosa Goldman. Was President School- masters Association, New York; American Philological Associa- tion, 1891; Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, 1898; Headmasters' Association of United States, 1899; New York Society of Archaeological Institute, 1900-1903; member Latin Conference Committee (of Ten), 1893; Secondary School Representative on College Entrance Examinations Board, 1900- 1904. Has written articles on educational subjects in Educational Review, and on philological and archaeological subjects in Annual Reports of American Philological Association; papers, reports, and presidential addresses. Address: 149 West 81st, New York. Sale, Moses N. Judge Circuit Court, City of St. Louis, Mo. Born October 17, 1857, Louisville, Ky. Son of Isaac Sale and Henrietta Dinkelspiel. Educated in Louisville, Ky., public schools, and graduate of Law Department of University of Louis- ville. Married Florence D. Rider. Address: St. Louis, Mo. Salomon, Edward S. Lawyer. Born December 25, 1836, Schles- wig, Schleswig-Holstein. Son of Salomon M. Salomon and Caro- line Samuels. Educated in Schleswig high school. Married Sophie Greenhut (deceased). Was alderman, Chicago, 1860; during the Civil War was lieutenant, captain, and major 24th 180 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Infantry; lieutenant-colonel and colonel 82d Illinois In- fantry; promoted, 1865, to brigadier-general of Volunteers, " for distinguished gallantry and meritorious services during the war." Elected county-clerk of Cook County, 111.; appointed Governor of Washington Territory by President Grant, 1870; moved to San Francisco, and elected twice to Legislature; District Attorney of San Francisco. Has been Department Commander of Grand Army of Republic; and for eight years commander-in-chief of Army and Navy Republican League. Address: Parrote Building, San Fran- cisco, Cal.

Sampson, Arthur Fichell. Physician and Surgeon. Born July 1, 1855, Georgetown, S. C. Son of Joseph Sampson and Esther Cohen. Educated in Indigo Society School and Academy, George- town, S. C; studied chemistry and medicine at Washington and Lee University, Virginia; University of Virginia (M. D., 1878); pursued post-graduate courses at University of Pennsylvania, and New York University, and studied under Dr. Simon Baruch. Married Barbetta Levy. Practiced medicine in Galveston, 1884- 1901; in San Francisco, since 1901. Member of Board of Medical Examiners for Eleventh District, Texas, for eight years; city health physician of Galveston; plenary power conferred upon him by Mayor and Adjutant General of State, during the trials following the Galveston hurricane, 1900. Removed to San Fran- cisco in 1901 on account of ill-health. Inventor of the Sampson Urethral Speculum. Has written monographs in medical journals. Address: 751 Sutter, San Francisco, Cal.

*Samuelson, Leo I. Second Lieutenant, 7th Regiment Infantry, United States Army. Born July 17, 1879, Illinois. Appointed cadet Military Academy, 1899; second lieutenant 2d Regiment Infantry, 1903; transferred to 7th Regiment Infantry, 1903; Ad- dress: War Department, Washington, D. C.

Sanders, Leon. Lawyer. Born May 25,1867, Odessa, Russia. Son of Nathan Sanders. Educated in Odessa Gymnasium, New York public schools, and under private tutors. Studied in New York Law School. Clerk in banking house, bookkeeper, and 1890-1895, Commissioner of Jurors, New York City. Admitted to the bar, 1895. Married Bertha Fischer, 1896. Tammany Hall leader in the Twelfth Assembly District, and elected to legislature from that district, 1899-1902; refused re-nomination, 1902; elected 1904, for term of ten years, as justice of the Thirteenth District of the Municipal Court of the City of New York. Address: 309 Broad- way, New York. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 181

Schaikewitz (Shomer), Nahum Meyer. Writer. Born Decem- ber 25, 1849, Nesvizh, Minsk, Russia. Son of Isaac Schaikewitz and Hodie Goldberg. Educated at home. Married Dinah Bercinsky. Was Hebrew teacher; business manager in Wilna, Russia; novel- ist; manager of and writer for a theatre in Odessa, Russia; editor and publisher of Der Menschenfreund and The Jewish Puck; con- tributor to Jewish dailies. Began literary career when twenty years old; his first fifteen novels were written in Hebrew, and were directed against the fanaticism prevalent in certain Russian- Jewish circles. Has written besides two hundred and five novels in Yiddish, and fifty plays in Yiddish. Among his novels are: The Convict; A Bloody Adieu; Alexander III; Between two Flames; Murder for Love; Last Jewish King; From the Throne to the Gallows; The Bloody King; Jew and Duchess; A Spark of Juda- ism; The Bees about the Honey; The Iron Woman. Among his plays are: The Repenter; Coquettish Woman; The Usurer; Ha- man the Second; The Jewish Immigrants; A Blow for a Blow; Spanish Inquisition; The Golden Land. Address: 54 East 63d, New York. Schamberg, Jay Frank. Physician. Born November 6, 1870, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Gustav Schamberg and Emma Frank. Educated in Philadelphia public schools; Central High School, Philadelphia (A. B., 1889); University of Pennsylvania (M. D., 1892); post-graduate work in hospitals of Vienna, Berlin, and Paris. Professor of Dermatology and Eruptive Infectious Dis- eases in Philadelphia Poly clinic and College for Graduates in Medicine; assistant diagnostician to Bureau of Health of Philadel- phia; consulting physician to Municipal Hospital for Infectious Diseases; fellow of College of Physicians of Philadelphia; mem- ber of American Dermatological Association. Has written num- erous articles in medical journals. Author: A Compendium of Diseases of the Skin; (with Dr. William M. Welch) A Treatise on Acute Contagious Diseases (in press). Address: 1636 Walnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

*Schechter, Solomon. Theologian, Author; President Faculty Jewish Theological Seminary of America since 1902. Born 1849, Fokshan, Roumania. Son of Isaac Schechter. Educated at Uni- versities of Vienna and Berlin. Graduated as rabbi in Vienna. Specialized in theology and Semitics. A. M., and hon. Litt. D., University of Cambridge. Married Matilda Roth. Formerly Reader in Rabbinics, University of Cambridge; professor Hebrew, University College, London. Travelled in Italy, Egypt, Palestine, and elsewhere; sent by University of Cambridge to examine the contents of the Cairo Geniza; made many valuable discoveries 182 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK among the manuscripts there found, especially the original He- brew of Ecclesiasticus. Was curator of Oriental Languages and Literature, University Library; member Oriental Board of Stu- dies, Board of Theology, and Board of Oriental Languages and Literature, . External Examiner at Victoria University, Manchester. Now member of Senate of New York University; director of the Educational Alliance, New York. Editor: Aboth de Rabbi Nathan, 1887; (with S. Singer) Tal- mudic Fragments in the Bodleian Library (Tractates Kerithoth and Berachoth), 1896; Saadyana, Geniza Fragments, 1903; Mid- rash Haggadol, 1903. Author: Studies in Judaism, 1896; (with C. Taylor) The Wisdom of Ben Sira, 1899; numerous articles in Jewish Quarterly Review (especially series on Aspects of Jewish Theology); addresses and lectures. Office: 531 West 123d, New York.

Schiff, Jacob Henry. Banker. Born January 10, 1847, Frank- fort on the Main, Germany. Son of Moses Schiff and Clara Nieder- hofheim. Educated in the schools of Frankfort on the Main. Mar- ried Therese Loeb. Address: 965 Fifth Av., New York City. Schiff, Mortimer L. Banker. Born June 5, 1877, New York City. Son of Jacob H. Schiff and Therese Loeb. Educated in private school, New York, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.; Columbia University School of Political Science, New York. Married Adele G. Neustadt. Spent two years in railroad work in New York and the West, and two years in Europe studying the banking systems of England and Germany. Partner in firm of Kuhn, Loeb and Co., New York. Trustee of various charitable institutions and corporations. Residence: 932 Fifth Av. Office: 52 William, New York. Schloessinger, Max. Librarian and Instructor, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O. Born September 4, 1877, Heidelberg, Ger- many. Son of Jacob Schloessinger and Brunette Oppenheimer. Educated in Volksschule and Gymnasium, Heidelberg; University of Heidelberg; Israelitisch-Theologische Lehranstalt, Vienna; University of Berlin (Ph.D., 1901); and Lehranstalt fur die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin (Rabbi, 1903). Office editor Jewish Encyclopedia, 1903-1904. Address: Hebrew Union Col- lege, Cincinnati, O. Schoney, Lazarus. Physician. Born December 18, 1838, Buda- pest, Hungary. Son of Caspar Schoney and Golde Ehrentreu. Educated in Hebrew and Rabbinics at Prague, receiving the Rab- binical authorization from R. Solomon Rappaport; studied at BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 183

University of Prague, Austria (Ph.D., 1857); and medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (M. D., 1869). Mar- ried Theodosia Secor Fowler, M. D. Came to United States 1860; served as surgeon United States Army during Civil War, 1862- 1865; for ten years professor Pathology and Clinical Microscopy, New York Eclectic Medical College. Fellow American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science; New York Academy of Science; member American Microscopic Society; New York Microscopic Society; etc. Published researches in New Formation of Red Blood Corpuscles, in Waldeyer's Archiv fur mikroskopische Anatomie, 1876; incorporated in Heitzman's Microscopical Mor- phology, and translated by Klein in London Royal Microscopical Journal, 1882. Address: St. James Court, Seventh Av. and 143d, New York. Schottenfels, Sara X. Librarian of Maimonides Free Library, New York. Daughter of Julius Schottenfels and Minna Ambrunn. Has pursued special courses in the languages, in political economy, sociology, and literature. Engaged in library work since 1892, in present position since 1898. Reorganized the Maimonides Free Library. Has published, A List of Jewish Periodicals contained in the Maimonides Free Library; A List of Judaica in the Maimon- ides Free Library. Has written papers for societies and clubs on literary subjects. Address: Maimonides Free Library, 58th and Lexington Av., New York. Schur, William. Dealer in Hebrew Books. Born October 27, 1844, Outian, near Wilkomir, Russia. Son of Tobias Schur. Studied the Talmud until twenty years of age; attended Tal- mudical College at Kovno; studied theology at Berlin. Married Fannie Gordon. Soon after arrival in America, published a Hebrew weekly, Ha-Pisgah, 1890-1894, at New York and Baltimore, and 1897-1900, at Chicago. At age of thirty travelled for five years in Asia, Africa, India, China, Philippine Islands, and neigh- boring islands. Published a description of his journeys in two books: Mahazot ha-Hayim, and Massat Shelomoh. Besides, he wrote the following novels: Massat Nafshah; Aflkomen ha-ganub; Ha-Nebiah Nilel Hilton; Ha-halikah el ha-Heder; Kapparat Avon; Va-yipol ba-Shahat; Ahar ha-Meridah ha-gedolah; and a histor- ical religious work, Nezah Yisrael. Address: 557 N. Wood, Chi- cago, 111. *Seligman, Albert Joseph. Banker, Merchant. Born February 24, 1859, New York City. Son of Jesse Seligman. Educated in New York public schools. M. E., 1878, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Pursued post-graduate studies at Royal Berg-Aka- 184 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK demie, Freiberg, Saxony, 1878-1880; Royal School of Mines, Liege, Belgium, 1880-1881; since 1881, interested in mines near and resident of Helena, Mont. Member Territorial legislature, 1884- 1885; chairman Republican State Committee, 1889-1890; chair- man Montana delegation, Minneapolis Convention, 1892; grand chancellor, Knights of Pythias of Montana, 1888-1890; exalted ruler Helena Lodge, No. 193, B. P. O. of Elks, 1897, 1898. Left Montana to engage in banking and brokerage business in New York, firm of Seligman and Meyer, 1899. Residence: 66 West 52d. Office: 109 Exchange Court Building, New York.

Seligman, Edwin R. A. Professor of Political Economy and Finance, Columbia University, New York. Born April 25, 1862, New York City. Son of Joseph Seligman and Babette Steinhart. Educated by private tutor (Horatio Alger, Jr.) and in Columbia Grammar School; graduate Columbia University (A. B., 1879; Ph.D., 1884, and LL. B., 1884); pursued courses at University of Berlin, Heidelberg, Geneva, and Paris. Married Caroline Beer. President Tenement House Building Company, New York; Amer- ican Economic Association; Ethical Culture Society, New York; secretary Committee of Fifteen, New York, 1901; member Com- mittee of Seventy; honorary member Russian Imperial Academy of Science; member American Statistical Association; (British) Royal Economic Society; Washington Academy of Science; Phi Beta Kappa Society; manager American Archaeological Associa- tion, and American Historical Association, and of Authors, City, National Arts, Sculptors, and Columbia Alumni Clubs. Chair- man Committee on Education, Educational Alliance, until 1902. Editor: Political Science Quarterly; and Series in History, Eco- nomics, and Public Law of Columbia University. Author: Two Chapters on the Mediaeval Guilds of England, 1887; Railway Tariffs and the International Commerce Law, 1887; Finance Sta- tistics of the American Commonwealth, 1889; The Shifting and Incidence of Taxation, 1892, 1901; Progressive Taxation in Theory and Practice, 1894; Essays in Taxation, 1895, 1903; The Eco- nomic Interpretation of History, 1902. Several of these works have been translated into French, Italian, and Japanese. Has written numerous articles in the periodical press. Address: 314 West 86th, New York.

Seligman, Isaac Newton. Banker; head of the banking house of J. and W. Seligman and Company, New York. Born July 10, 1856, Staten Island, New York. Son of Joseph Seligman and Babette Steinhart. Educated in Columbia Grammar School. B. A., 1876, Columbia College. Married Guta Loeb. Member of winning crew in Saratoga boat races, 1874. Director in num- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 185 erous railway companies; trustee Munich Fire Insurance Com- pany; United Hebrew Charities Building; Manhattan State Hos- pital (appointed by Governor Morton); Columbia University Memorial Hall (appointed by President Low); Legal Aid Society; Orators Society; Symphony Society; Historical Society; Lawyers' Club; Midday Club, all of New York; Fairmount College, Wichita, Kan.; and American Academy of Political Science; trustee and treasurer St. John's Guild, and City and Suburban Home Com- pany (Model Tenement Association), both of New York; trustee and chairman Finance Committee City Club, New York; trustee and vice-president People's Institute, New York; member Com- mittee National Conferences of Charities and Correction; Execu- tive Committee, Chamber of Commerce, New York; Indian Famine Relief Fund; Committee on State and Municipal Taxation of Chamber of Commerce, New York; Executive and Finance Com- mittees National Civic Federation; McKinley Memorial Com- mittee, for State of New York; Finance Committee Roumanian Relief Fund; Finance Committee Canal Association of Greater New York; Executive Committee of One Hundred, New York; Executive Committee of Citizens Union, New York, and chairman of its Finance Committee, 1901, and treasurer, 1903; Executive Committee on Playgrounds; Executive Committee Economic Asso- ciation; National Arts Club; Lotos Club; City Club; and Sound Money League, all of New York. Appointed by General Horace Porter chief of staff at President McKinley's Inaugural; treasurer Carl Schurz Endowment Fund; director General Grant Tomb Committee; vice-president Admiral Perry Relief Fund, Japan; chairman Chamber of Commerce Committee on Commercial Edu- cation; appointed by Mayor Low on Committee for Reception of Prince Henry of Prussia. Residence: 36 West 54th. Office: Mills Building, New York.

*Seligman, Jefferson. Banker. Born November 26, 1858. Son of James Seligman and Rosa Content. Preparatory education in Columbia Grammar School. Graduate Columbia University, 1878. Studied medicine in Germany, but did not practice, becoming member of the banking firm of J. and W. Seligman and Company. Residence: 11 East 69th. Office: 21 Broad, New York. Seligsohn, Max. Office Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Born April 13, 1865, Russia. Son of Seelig Seligsohn. Educated at Slutzk, Russia; New York, and Paris. Is elSve diplome de l'Ecole des Langues Orientales, Paris, 1896; Sieve diplome de 1'Ecoles des Hautes-Etudes, Paris, 1900. Came to New York, 1888, and studied modern languages; left for Paris, 1894, and studied Semitic languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Turkish. Sent 186 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK by Alliance Israelite Universelle to Abyssinia, 1898, to seek out the Falashas, but was unable to go further than Cairo; school master in Cairo for eighteen months. Called to New York as contributor to the Jewish Encyclopedia, 1902. Author: Le Diwan de Tarafah ibn Al-Abd, 1900; Kitab Ibn Al-Raml, with preface and notes; Salaman u-Absal, a diwan of the Persian poet Jami, trans- lated into English, with notes and preface (unpublished); Une nouvelle chronique samaritaine (in collaboration with E. N. Adler), 1903. Contributor to Jewish Quarterly Review and Revue des Etudes Juives, on Judaso-Persian literature. Paris correspond- ent Jewish Comment for one year and a half. Address: 54 East 98th, New York. Selikovitsch, George (Goetzel). Editor Jewish Daily News; Editor-in-Chief Jewish Gazette, New York City. Born 1863, Retovo, Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi David Selikovitsch and Rachel Sundelevitz. Educated at the Talmudical Colleges of Karlin, Mir, and Tauroggen. Studied at the Department of Semitic Languages and Egyptology, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris (diploma, 1884). Married Bertha Berman. Was attache to the Biblioth&que Na- tionale at Paris; head interpreter to Lord Wolseley for the Arabic and Nubian dialects during the British expedition to relieve General Gordon from the Soudanese at Khartoum, 1885; lectured, 1887, on Hieroglyphics and Egyptology, University of Pennsyl- vania, and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; literary editor of the Ha-Melitz and Ha-Magid for three years; member of Ath§n6e Oriental, Paris. Author: Le SchSol des Hebreux, la division mystique du temps chez les Semites et les Egyptiens, 1881-1882; Dawn of Egyptian Civilization, 1887; also several Yiddish novels. Contributed numerous articles, poems, and dissertations to He- brew and English periodicals and to L'Univers and L'lntransi- geant. Address: 185 East Broadway, New York.

Shlesinger, Slgmund. Merchant. Born December 29, 1848, Hungary. Son of Emanuel Shlesinger and Lena Kulka. Edu- cated in Hungary. Married Fannie Flesheim. Member of Col. George A. Forsyth's Company of Scouts; participated in battle with Indians on Beecher's Island, Colo., September 17, 1868. Ad- dress: 105 St. Clair, Cleveland, O. Shomer, Nahum Meyer. See Schaikewitz. *Siegel, Henry. Merchant. Born March 17, 1852, Eubigheim, Germany. Son of Lazarus Siegel and Zerlina Koch. Educated in Germany. Married Julia Rosenbaum (deceased); re-married, Marie Vaughn Wilde. Came to United States, 1867. First busi- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 187 ness experience gained in Washington, D. C, Parkersburg, W. Va., and Laurenceburg, Pa. Established firm of Siegel, Hartsfield, and Company, 1876; department store of Siegel, Cooper, and Company, 1886, both of Chicago, 111.; Siegel, Cooper, and Company, 1896, New York. Purchased Simpson-Crawford Company, New York, and Schlesinger and Mayer Company, Chicago, 1902. Controls five large department stores; director in several banks, street rail- ways, and various corporations. Fellow Geographical Society. Residences: 26 East 82d, New York, and Driftwood, Mamaroneck, Westchester Co., N. Y. Address: care Simpson-Crawford Com- pany, New York. Silberberg, Max. State Senator, representing the First Dis- trict of Ohio in the Seventy-sixth General Assembly. Born Sep- tember 21, 1843, Bromberg, Prussia. Son of Moses Nathan Silber- berg and Pauline Pulvermacher. Educated at the Bromberg Gymnasium. Married Dora Feder. Emigrated to America, 1859. Member from Hamilton County to the Seventy-fifth General As- sembly, State of Ohio; past commander August Willich Post No. 195, G. A. R. of Cincinnati; was chairman National Legislative Committee, and now vice-president, Credit Men's Association; president Business Men's Building and Loan Association; vice- president Ohio Valley Building and Loan Company; president Queen City Telephone Company of Cincinnati; chairman Ohio Legislative Committee of the Credit Men's Association. While member of the House of Representatives of Ohio served on Stand- ing Committee on Manufacturing and Commerce (chairman); on Federal Relations; and on Public Highways. As member of the Senate served on Standing Committee on Finance; on Insur- ance; on Manufacturing and Commerce; on Military Affairs; on Medical College; on Privilege and Election; on Public Works; on Soldiers and Sailors Home (chairman); and on Labor. Address: 30 and 32 W. 3d, Cincinnati, O.

Silberstein, Solomon (Sholem) Joseph. Writer. Born March 10, 1845, Kovno, Russia. Son of Rabbi Aaron Silberstein and Zibhya Sandier, and grandson of the Cabbalist Naphtali Herz. Educated privately. At the age of nineteen had received the Rab- binical authorization from a number of Rabbis in the provinces of Kovno and Wilna. Rabbi in Dershunisok, Kovno, 1867-1868. Elaborated a system of philosophy based upon the Mosaic and a large part of the Talmudical and Rabbinical Law as a natural theology. Author: Gelui Enayim (poems), 1881; Ha-Dat ve-ha- Torat, 1887; Meziut Yehovah ve-ha-Olam, 1893; The Universe and its Evolution, 1891; General Laws of Nature, 1894; The Dis- closures of the Universal Mysteries, 1896; The Jewish Problem 188 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK and Theology in General, 1904. Address: 1834 Lexington Av., New York. Silverstein, Albert. Physician and Surgeon. Born April 18, 1875, Syracuse, N. Y. Son of Solomon Silverstein and Esther Shevelson. Educated in Syracuse public schools, and Denver High School. B. A., 1897, Yale University; M. D., 1900, Gross Medical College, Denver, Colo. Professor Physiology, Dental Department University of Denver; assistant professor Orthopaedic Surgery, Denver and Gross College of Medicine; attending ortho- paedic surgeon, Mercy Hospital, Denver; professor Anatomy Mercy Hospital Training School for Nurses. Served in medical depart- ment United States Army, 1898-1899, in the Philippines, during Spanish American War, and during the Filipino Insurrection. Address: 316 Mack Block, Denver, Colo. Simon, Joseph. Lawyer. Born February 7, 1851, Bechtheim, Hessen Darmstadt, Germany. Son of David Simon and Elise Leopold. Educated in Portland, Ore., public schools. Came to Oregon, 1857, and has since resided in Portland; entered law office of Mitchell and Dolph, 1870; admitted to bar, 1872, and engaged in law practice since; member firm of Dolph, Mallory, Simon, and Gearin. Elected member City Council of Portland, 1877, and served term of three years; appointed secretary Repub- lican State Central Committee of Oregon, 1873; elected chairman of the same committee, 1880, 1884, and 1886; elected five times, covering a period of twenty years, to represent Multnomah County (including the city of Portland) in the Oregon State Senate; elected president of the Senate in five different sessions, and presided over the deliberations of the Senate and joint con- ventions of the two houses; delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis, 1892; at Philadelphia, 1900; member Republican National Committee, 1892-1896; was member and president Police Commission, City of Portland; elected to United States Senate in 1898, to fill a vacancy for term ending 1903; serving during the second session of the Fifty-fifth Congress, and in the Fifty-sixth and the Fifty-seventh Congress. Has been active in Masonry; past master of his lodge and past high priest of his chapter; honorary inspector general 33d degree A. A. S. R. Address: Portland, Ore.

Singer, Isidor. Managing Editor Jewish Encyclopedia. Born November 10, 1859, Weisskirchen, Moravia, Austria. Son of Joseph Singer and Charlotte Eisler. Educated in Gymnasia of Ungarisch-Hradisch, Kremsier, and Troppau, and studied at Uni- versity of Berlin and University of Vienna (Ph.D., 1884). Went BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 189 to Paris, 1887, as literary secretary to Count Foucher de Careil, former French ambassador at Vienna; came to New York, 1895, to execute the project of a Jewish Encyclopedia, of which seven volumes have appeared. President Justice Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, 1903. Was editor of Allgemeine Oesterreich- ische Literaturzeitung; La Vraie Parole; and Bureau de la Presse. Author: Berlin, Wien, und der Antisemitismus, 1882; Presse und Judenthum, 2d ed., 1882; Sollen die Juden Christen werden? 2d ed., 1884; Briefe beruhmter christlicher Zeitgenossen iiber die Judenfrage, 1885; Die beiden Elektren—humanistische Bildung und der klassische Unterricht, 1884; Auf dem Grabe meiner Mutter (translated into Hebrew by Dr. Solomon Fuchs), 1888; Le prestige de la France en Europe, 1889; La question juive, 1893; Anarchie et Antisemitisme, 1894; Der Juden Kampf urns Recht, 1902; Russia at the Bar of the American People, 1904. Translated from French into German: Foucher de Careil's Hegel et Schopenhauer, 1889; Zadoc Kahn, L'esclavage selon la Bible et le Talmud, 1888, and other writings by Boulanger, Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire, and Edouard Lockroy. Address: care Funk and Wagnalls Company, 44-60 East 23d, New York. Singer, Jacob. Lawyer. Born October 22, 1860, Staunton, Va. Son of Abraham Singer and Regina Gutman. Educated at Phila- delphia public schools; B. A., 1877, Central High School, Phila- delphia; LL. B., 1881, University of Pennsylvania. Married Lea Marguerite Frank. Register of wills, County of Philadelphia, 1901-1904; member Court of Appeals Independent Order B'nai B'rith, since 1890; was president District Grand Lodge No. 3 for four years; representative to Constitution Grand Lodge at Rich- mond, 1890; Cincinnati, 1895; Chicago, 1900; New Orleans, 1905; is vice-president Associated Alumni Central High School, and vice-president Philadelphia Branch Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and formerly trustee of the Seminary; director Congregation Adath Jeshurun and of B'nai B'rith Manual Train- ing School. Made many public addresses in political campaigns of the Republican party, national and State, and at Jewish edu- cational and communal affairs. Preparing for publication opin- ions delivered by him in probate cases tried in his court while Register. Office: S. E. corner Thirteenth and Chestnut. Resi- dence: 4108 Parkside Av., Philadelphia, Pa. Sobel, Isador. Postmaster, Erie, Pa. Born August 28, 1858, New York City. Son of Semel Sobel and Cecelia King. Educated in New York public schools, College City of New York, and Erie High School. Married Emma Auerhaim. Admitted to Erie bar, 1888. Elected to Erie City Councils, 1891; re-elected, 1893; presi- 190 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK dent Councils, 1894; secretary Republican County Committee, 1889-1891; chairman, 1893-1896; vice-president Republican League of Pennsylvania, 1894-1895; president, 1896-1897; presidential elector, 1896; appointed postmaster by President McKinley, 1898; re-appointed by President Roosevelt, 1902. Republican candidate for mayor, 1895; president Anshei Chesed Congregation, 1900- 1902. Address: 540 West 10th, Erie, Pa. Solis, Isaac Nathan (da Silva). Lawyer and Banker. Born Philadelphia, Pa. Son of David Hays da Silva Solis and Elvira Nathan. Educated in Philadelphia private and public schools. A. B., 1876, Central High School, Philadelphia; studied law in office of Judge F. Carroll Brewster. Married Marcia M. Morgan, 1881. Admitted to the bar, 1879; became associated with banking house of Dick Brothers and Company, 1894. Has been connected with the Republican party in several Presidential campaigns as " spell-binder." Wrote articles on political and financial topics for editorial columns of newspapers or over a pen-name. Ad- dress: 2211 Walnut, Philadelphia, Pa.

Solomon, Jacob P. Editor of The Hebrew Standard; Attorney- at-law. Born May 22, 1838, Manchester, England. Son of Phillip Solomon and Catherine Hart. Educated in Manchester Jews Free School; studied in Franklin College, Franklin, Ind.; Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Ind.; LL. D., 1864, Columbia College, New York. Married Frances Stich. Grand Saar, Kesher Shel Barzel; past master, past high priest, junior grand deacon, com- mander and thirty-third degree Masonic; past grand, past dis- trict deputy, past grand conductor, Independent Order Odd Fel- lows; past chancellor commander, past grand chancellor com- mander, Knights of Pythias; past grand secretary, Order Royal Maccabees. Editor: News, Columbus, Ind.; Democrat, Franklin, Ind.; Jewish Record, New York; Hebrew Leader, New York; He- brew Standard, New York. Author: Chronicles of the Rabbis; Chips from Masonic Quarries; The Modern Wandering Jew. Ad- dress: care Hebrew Standard, 87 Nassau, New York. Solomons, Adolphus S. Honorary Trustee and General Agent of the Baron de Hirsch Fund. Born October 26, 1826, New York. Son of John Solomons and Julia Levy. Educated at the Univer- sity of the State of New York. Married Rachel Seixas Phillips (deceased). Appointed, 1851, by Secretary of State Daniel Webster " special bearer of dispatches to Berlin "; with others gave, 1857, a ball at Niblo's Garden, New York, and donated the amount realized as the nucleus of a fund to establish a " Jews' Hospital in New York," now Mount Sinai Hospital; elected to the first legislature BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 191 of Washington, D. C, and was chairman Committee of Ways and Means which projected and began the improvement of Washing- ton; as a representative of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, moved, at a public meeting, the establishment in New York of the Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids to mark the hundredth anniversary of Sir Moses Monteflore; acting president Jewish Theological Seminary of America at the time of its re-organiza- tion, 1902; charter member of the New York Protectory for Jew- ish Children; member Central Committee Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle, and its treasurer for the United States; charter member and for seventeen years member National Association of the Red Cross, and at one time its vice-president; appointed by President Arthur to represent the United States at International Convention Red Cross Societies, Geneva, Switzerland, 1881; elected vice-presi- dent of the Convention. Has been for over twenty years director Government Columbia Hospital and Lying-in Asylum; is a charter member of Garfleld Memorial Hospital, and of Providence Hos- pital, Washington, and acting president of Providential Aid Society, and of Charities of the District of Columbia. Founder Night Lodging House Association of the District of Columbia, and now its president; vice-president of The Sanitary Aid Society of New York; vice-president New Era Club, New York; and treas- urer Columbia Street Sewing and Religious Classes, New York. Address: 1205 K, Washington, D. C.

Solomons, Aline Esther. Artist. Born New York. Daughter of Adolphus S. Solomons and Rachel Seixas Phillips. Educated in Washington private schools and at Art Students League. Founder and secretary, for over ten years, Washington Art Students League; vice-president Washington Water Color Club. Painter of still-life and portraits. Works: Portraits of A. S. Solo- mons, Baron and Baroness de Hirsch, James H. Hoffman, Miss Solomons, etc. Exhibits annually in Washington Society of Artists and Washington Water Color Club. Residence: 1205 K. Studio: 808 17th, Washington, D. C.

Sonneschein, Rosa. Journalist. Born March 12, 1847, Pross- nitz, Moravia, Austria. Daughter of Oberrabiner Hirsch B. Fassel (decorated by three emperors for his literary works) and Fannie Sternfeld. Graduate Nagy-Kanissa, Hungary, high school. Was publisher and editor The American Jewess; correspondent for German, American, and English periodicals and newspapers; rep- resentative of various newspapers at the Chicago, Paris, and St. Louis Expositions. Writer of short stories. Came to America, 1869. Address: 4910 Washington Block, St. Louis, Mo. 192 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Sossnitz, Joseph (Jehuda) Loeb. Lecturer on Jewish Ethics, Educational Alliance, New York, since 1899. Born September 17, 1837, Birzi, Kovno, Russia. Son of Yehiel Michel Sossnitz and Tony Zive. Studied until thirteen years of age in Cheder; self- taught later. Married Freida Luria. Superintendent Jewish Asylum, Riga, 1887; in charge of scientific and Cabbalistic sub- jects in the Jewish Encyclopedia, Ha-Eshkol, Warsaw, 1888; came to America in 1891; founder, 1893, and principal, until 1897, Uptown Talmud Torah, New York. Author: Ahen Yesh Adonai; Ha-Shemesh; Ha-Maor; Sehok Ha-Shach; Ewiger Kalender (Ger- man and Hebrew); (unpublished) On Mathematics; On Physics; On three Branches of Astronomy; On the Earth's Meteorology, etc. Address: 1526 Washington Av., Bronx, New York. Spachner, Bertha Kalisch. Leading Lady and Part Owner of the Thalia and Grand Theatres. Born May 17, 1874, Lemberg, Austria. Daughter of Salomon Kalisch and Babette Halber. Edu- cated at Lemberg, Austria. Graduate Lemberg Conservatory of Music. Married Leopold Spachner. Acted at Polish Theatre, Lemberg; National Theatre and Stadt Theatre, Bucharest. Came to New York, 1894, and has since been leading lady and part owner New York Jewish Theatres. Played the title role in Hamlet at Thalia Theatre, 1901; has produced Fedora; Magda; Sapho; Kreutzer Sonata; Romeo and Juliet; Zaza; Resurrec- tion; Mme. Sans Gene; Monna Vanna; Gorki's Mischanic; Nacht- asyl. Has given interviews to New York newspapers on theatres, the drama, and the art of make-up. Address: 242 East 72d, New York. Speaker, Henry M. Principal of Gratz College, Philadelphia, and Instructor in Jewish Literature since 1897. Born April 6, 1868, Wisoko, Lithuania, Russia. Son of Elhanan Speaker and Miriam Lewisohn. Educated in Russian Rabbinical academies; studied in Swintzyani Talmudical College under Rabbi Isaac J. Reiness; Jewish Theological Seminary of America (Rabbi, 1896); studied at the New York Law School. 1894-1897; for three years in Columbia University, and one year in University of Pennsyl- vania, pursued courses in philosophy, literature, and Semitics. Married Sarah R. Ginsburg Came to America, 1887. Instructor in Bible and Talmud, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1892-1897; chaplain to Sing Sing Prison, 1895-1898. First president Alumni Jewish Theological Seminary, 1901-1904; member local Jewish Board of Ministers during his residence in New York. Wrote articles and monographs on Jewish subjects for The Amer- ican Hebrew, Jewish Comment, Jewish Exponent, and The Macca- beean. Talmudic contributions to the Jewish Encyclopedia (vol. II). Address: Gratz College, 117 North 7th, Philadelphia, Pa. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 193

Speyer, James Joseph. Banker; senior member firm of Speyer and Company. Born July 22, 1861, New York City. Son of Gustavus Speyer and Sophie Rubino. Educated at Frankfort on the Main. Married Ellen Prince (Mrs. John A. Lowery). Trustee Mutual Life Insurance Company; Union Trust Company; Girard Trust Company, Philadelphia; Bank of the Manhattan Company; Central Trust Company; German Savings Bank; North British and Mercantile Insurance Company. Director Southern Pacific Company; General Chemical Company; Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road Company; Lackawanna Steel Company; Pacific Mail Steam- ship Company. Trustee Mount Sinai Hospital; Teachers College; Hospital Saturday and Sunday Association; Charity Organization Society; Isabella Heimath; trustee and treasurer, University Set- tlement Society; Provident Loan Society. Interested in philan- thropic and educational movements. Member Chamber of Com- merce. Treasurer German American Reform Union, 1892. Mem- ber Executive Committee of Seventy, New York, 1895; served as school commissioner under Mayor Strong's administration. Ad- dress: 257 Madison Av., New York; or Waldheim, Scarborough- on-the-Hudson, New York. Spicker, Max. Musical Director Temple Emanu-El; Superin- tendent Department of Theory, National Conservatory of Music, New York. Born August 16, 1858, Konigsberg, Prussia. Son of Michaelis Spicker and Flora Rosenthal. Studied in Royal Con- servatory, Leipzig, under Professor E. F. Richter, S. Jadassohn, Professor O. Paul, Carl Reinecke, and Professor E. F. Wenzel. Married Isabel Sternthal. Was conductor of opera at Heidelberg, Cologne, Ghent (Royal Opera), Aix-la-Chapelle, Potsdam (Royal Theatre), and Hamburg. Called to conduct Beethoven Manner- chor, New York, 1883; conducted with Anton Seidl, the orchestral concerts at Brighton Beach, 1889-1890. Made extended concert tour as pianist with the violinist Miska Hauser, 1878, through Germany and Russia. Author: Anthology of Oratorio (4 vols.); Anthology of Opera (5 vols.); The Masterpieces of Vocalization (23 vols.); The Synagogal Service (with William Sparger, 2 vols.); choral works, songs, anthems, and music for the Jewish Temple. Address: 1361 Madison Av., New York. Spiegel, Frederick S. Judge of Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Ohio, Cincinnati, 0. Born November 20, 1857, Hovestadt, Westphalia, Prussia. Son of Solomon Spiegel and Rosalie Herzberg. Educated in Gymnasium, Paderborn, Prussia, and Southern Institute, Gadsden, Ala. LL. B., Law School of Cincinnati College. Married Minnie Steinberg. Was chief of the Bureau of Statistics, State of Ohio; counsel County of Hamilton, 194 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

O.; for a long time member Cincinnati Board of Education; was president District No. 2, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, chair- man of its District Court, and at present member Supreme Court of the Order. Has written numerous legal essays, and is engaged in translating and annotating, by comparison with English and French law, the new German Civil Code, which went into force January, 1900. Address: 2302 Kemper Lane, Walnut Hills, Cin- cinnati, O. Spivak, Charles D. (Hayem David Spivakovsky). Physician. Born December 25, 1861, Krementshug, Poltava, Russia. Son of Samuel David Spivakovsky and Deborah Adel Dorfman. Hebrew education in the Cheder and with his father. Self-taught in secular branches. Studied medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia (M. D., 1890). Post-graduate courses at University of Berlin, 1891-1892. Married Jennie (Gittel) Charsky. Member in Russia of the (Nihilist) Socialist party; had to flee to escape exile to Siberia. Member in Lemberg of the Am-Olam Society, composed of Russian students and professional men whose aim it was to become agriculturists in America. Came to America, 1882; worked at loading and unloading freight in railroad yards, at paving Fifth Avenue, New York, in wool and cotton mills in Maine, as type-setter on Jewish Messenger, and as farmer in Alli- ance, N. J., 1882-1885; taught at Alliance, N. J., under Emigrant Aid Society, and in Philadelphia for Hebrew Education Society, 1886-1890. Organizer, temporary president, and first vice-presi- dent Jewish Alliance of America, Philadelphia, 1891-1892. Chief of Clinic Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1895; associate professor Medicine, Denver University, Medical Department, 1896-1901; professor of Anatomy, 1897-1898; clinical professor of Medicine, Denver and Gross College of Medi- cine, 1902; chief of Clinical Laboratory since 1900. Secretary Denver and Arapahoe County Medical Society, 1897; president Colorado Medical Library Association, 1901, and secretary since 1902; librarian Denver Academy of Medicine. Member of a num- ber of medical societies. Organizer and secretary Jewish Con- sumptives' Relief Society, 1904. Editor Medical Libraries, 1898- 1902. Has written for Voschod, St. Petersburg, Ha-Melitz, Ameri- can Hebrew, Jewish Exponent, and various Yiddish journals in New York. Contributor, chiefly on Gastro-Enterology, to various medical journals. Address: 1421 Court PL, Denver, Colo. Steckler, Alfred. Lawyer. Born December 18, 1856, New York City. Educated in New York public schools. Graduate Columbia Law School, 1877. Nominated as Judge of the Fourth District Court as an independent candidate; elected, and served BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 195 from 1881 to 1893. Abolished dispossess bureau; inaugurated re- form in district courts in manner of drawing juries where parties demanded jury trial; and in many ways considered the needs of the foreign populations on the Lower East Side. Ran as an independent candidate for Justice of the Supreme Court of New York County, 1895; appointed to fill vacancy left by the death of Justice McAdam of the Supreme Court in the First Judicial Dis- trict. Identified with a large number of charitable and fraternal organizations in New York. Address: 170 Broadway, New York. Stein, Modest. Illustrator. Born February 13, 1871, Kovno, Russia. Son of Lazar Stein and Rosalia Lewinson. Educated in Kovno Classic Gymnasium. Spent a short time in Paris. Came to United States, 1888. Married Marcia Mishkin. Was connected with the New York Press, 1891; New York Herald; Philadelphia North American; and is now connected with The New York World. Address: 152 West 64th, New York. Stein, Philip. Judge Appellate Court, First District of Illinois, Chicago. Born March 12, 1844, Steele, Rhenish Prussia. Son of Israel Stein and Rosetta Kappel. Studied in Germany and at Milwaukee public and high schools; University of Wisconsin (B. A. and M. A., 1868); and for two years at Universities of Heidelberg, Bonn, and Berlin. Married Emma Stein. Elected judge Superior Court Cook County, 111., 1892; re-elected, 1898; appointed to Appellate Court, 1903. Settled in Chicago imme- diately after admission to Milwaukee bar, 1868; has taken active interest in charitable and educational matters. Address: 4340 Grand Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Steinbach, Lewis W. Born June 4, 1851, Vysoka, Bohemia. Son of Simon Steinbach and Rosalie Weisskopf. Educated at Pribram and Prague, Bohemia, and in Philadelphia. M. D., Jefferson Medical College. Married Johanna Rosenbaum. Pro- fessor Surgery Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine; consulting surgeon Philadelphia Hospital and Jew- ish Hospital of Philadelphia. Address: 1309 North Broad, Phila- delphia, Pa. Stern, Heinrich. Physician; Director Institute for Medical Diagnosis and Research in the City of New York. Born January 28, 1868, Frankfort on the Main, Germany. Son of Leopold Stern and Bertha Bendheim. Educated at the Philanthropin, Frank- fort. M. D., 1889, St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons. Married Selma Hellenberg. Was professor Diseases of Meta- bolism, College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis; now pro- 196 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK fessor Internal Medicine New York School of Clinical Medicine; consulting physician Red Cross and St. Elizabeth Hospital, New York; visiting physician Metropolitan Hospital and West Side German Dispensary, New York. Gold medallist of the Medical Society of the County of New York. Author: Die Gottesidee, 1888; Angewandte Physiologie, 1888; Die Zersetzung animalischer Materie, 1889; Der Untergang Israels, 1894; The Urine, 1897; Recent Studies in Urinology, 1898; Auto-intoxication and its Treatment, 1904. Has written numerous essays on clinical, chem- ical, physical, and philosophical topics. Address: 56 East 76th, New York. Stern, Leon. Architect. Born April 9, 1867, Rochester, N. Y. Son of Abram Stern and Caroline Stern. Educated in Rochester public schools. B. S., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Member State Board of Building Commissioners under Governor Flower, to make uniform building laws for State of New York. Member American Institute of Architects. Works: Chamber of Com- merce Building; Berith Kodesh Temple; State Industrial School; Bausch and Lomb Optical Company Buildings, Rochester. Resi- dence: 7 Hyde Park. Office: 1017 Chamber of Commerce Build- ing, Rochester, N. Y. Stern, Louis. Merchant. Born February 22, 1847, Germany. Son of Meyer A. Stern and Sophia Rosenstock. Educated in Albany public schools and academy. Married Lisette Strupp. President Republican Club; Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asy- lum Society; Albany Society; Library Square Realty Company, all of New York. Was United States commissioner, Paris Expo- sition, 1900; chairman Executive Committee New York State Commission, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; Republican candidate for President Borough of Manhattan, New York, 1897. Director of Lincoln Trust Company; Mutual Alliance Trust Company; New Amsterdam National Bank; Madison Safe Deposit Company; New Amsterdam Safe Deposit Company; Casein Company of America. Address: 993 Fifth Av., New York. Stern, Samuel R. Lawyer. Born July 7, 1855, Syracuse, N. Y. Son of Abraham Stern. Educated in Syracuse common and high schools. Married Libbia Wile. Appointed first assistant district attorney of Onondaga County, N. Y., when first admitted to bar. Was president Washington State Bar Association. Contributed to the New York Sun, Harper's Monthly, Judge, and other period- icals. Address: Spokane, Washington. *Sterner, Albert Edward. Artist. Born March 8, 1863, London, England. Educated in King Edward's School, Birmingham. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 197

Pursued studies at Julien's Academy and Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Married July 17, 1894. Came to United States, 1881; was artist, scene painter, and lithographer, in Chicago, 1881-1885; opened studio in New York, 1885; received honorable mention for oil painting, The Bachelor, at Paris Salon, Champs Elysees. Bronze medal, Paris Exposition, 1900. Illustrator of George W. Curtis's Prue and I; Coppee's Tales, 1891; Poe's Works, 1894; Eleanor, by Mrs. Humphry Ward, 1900; illustrator for Harper's Century, and Scribner's. Member American Water Color Society. Residence: Nutley, N. J. Stolper, J. H. General Superintendent Sanitary Department of Atchison, Topeka, and Santa F6, and of Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe Railroad. Born 1871, Bordeaux, France. Author of a number of pamphlets. Address: Galveston, Texas. Stone, Nahum I. Manufacturer. Born July 29, 1873, Odessa, Russia. Son of Isaac Stone and Rose Leviash. Graduate, 1891, of Imperial Gymnasium, Odessa; studied at Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago. M. A., 1901, Columbia University, New York. Married Bertha Esther Levinson. Editor of The People, 1899; statistician Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1899- 1900; editor Department of Countries, New International Encyclo- paedia, 1900-1902. Author: Capitalism on Trial in Russia; Eco- nomic Resources of Siberia; A Study of Agricultural Statistics of the United States; A Critical Study of the American Census (agriculture); Special Report for the Industrial Commission on Speculation and Prices of Wheat and Cotton; Political Conditions in Russia; etc. Address: 1570 Washington Av., New York. Straus, Isidor. Merchant. Born February 6, 1845, Rhenish, Bavaria. Son of Lazarus Straus. Educated in Collingsworth Institute, Talbotton, Ga., and prepared to enter military academy at West Point, which breaking out of Civil War prevented. Mar- ried Ida Blun. Came to America with family, 1854, and settled in Talbotton, Ga. Prevented from entering Confederate Army when sixteen years old by lack of arms in Georgia; went to Eng- land for importing company organized to build ships for blockade- running purposes, 1863. Removed from Georgia to New York, 1865, where firm of L. Straus and Sons was organized; entered firm of R. H. Macy and Company with brother, 1888, and became partner in Brooklyn dry goods firm of Abraham and Straus, 1892. Consulted by the Democratic leaders in the campaign of 1892, which resulted in election of President Cleveland; went to Wash- ington in 1893 to urge the President to avert a panic by taking steps to repeal the Sherman Act, and the President issued the 13 198 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK same afternoon the proclamation convening Congress in special session, which resolved its repeal. Was member of Fifty-third Congress, and declined re-election. Supported the Committee on Ways and Means which was considering the Tariff Bill. Presi- dent Educational Alliance; vice-president Chamber of Commerce; member Board of Trade; vice-president J. Hood Wright Memorial Hospital, all of New York. Director of several banks and finan- cial institutions, and connected with a number of institutions of science, art, education, and philanthropy. Address: Broadway and 34th, New York City. Straus, Nathan. Merchant. Born January 31, 1848, Rhenish Bavaria. Son of Lazarus Straus. Attended school at Talbotton, Ga., whither he had come with his family, 1854. Removed to New York; with father and brothers established firm of Lazarus Straus and Sons, importers of pottery and glassware. Married Lina Gutherz. Since 1888 partner in R. H. Macy & Co.'s store, New York, and since 1892, in Abraham and Straus's store, Brook- lyn, N. Y. Appointed Park Commissioner; in 1894, Democratic nominee for mayor (declined); in 1898 president Board of Health, New York City (resigned after a few months' service). Origi- nated, in 1890, and maintains depots for the sale and distribution of sterilized milk among the poor; also depots for distribution of coal in winter. Has presented sterilized milk plants to Phila- delphia and St. Louis. Is largely interested in charitable under- takings. Also interested in sports. Address: Broadway and 34th, New York.

Straus, Oscar S. Member Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague, appointed in place of President Harrison, deceased. Born December 23, 1850, Otterberg, Rhenish Bavaria. Son of Lazarus Straus. Educated in Georgia. A. B., 1871; A.M., 1873, and LL. B., 1873, Columbia University; L. H. D., 1896, Brown University; LL. D., 1897, Washington and Lee University; LL. D., 1898, Pennsylvania University. Married Sarah Lavanburg. Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Turkey, 1887-1890, 1897-1900. President National Primary League, 1895; American Social Science Association, 1899-1903; and National Conference of Capital and Labor, 1901; first president, until 1898, American Jewish Historical Society; vice-president National Civic Federa- tion. Was member Indian Commission appointed by President Roosevelt as Governor State of New York; of Commission to Investigate New York City Public Schools; and of Commission to Investigate Pauper Insane Institutions. Author: The Origin of Republican Form of Government in the United States, 1885; Roger Williams, the Pioneer of Religious Liberty, 1894; The BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 199

Development of Religious Liberty in the United States, 1896; Reform in the Consular Service, 1897; Our Diplomacy, 1902; The Protection of Naturalized Citizens, 1900; The American Doctrine of Citizenship, 1904; etc. Address: 42 Warren, New York.

*Strauss, Joseph. Lieutenant United States Navy. Born No- vember 16, 1861, Mount Morris, New York. Graduate Naval Academy, 1885. Married Mary Sweitzer. Cruised in various parts of the world, 1885-1887; engaged in hydrographic surveys on east and west coast of United States and in Alaska, 1887-1890; cruis- ing, 1890-1893; in Bureau of Ordnance Navy Department, 1893- 1896; invented (with Admiral Sampson) superposed turret sys- tem of mounting guns on battleships, 1895; cruised in South America, 1896-1900, and engaged in the blockade of the Cuban coast; in charge of United States Naval Proving Ground, 1900- 1903; now attached to United States Steamship Arkansas. Member United States Naval Institute. Has written various articles on ordnance and ballistics. Address: Navy Department, Washing- ton, D. C.

Strauss, Malcolm Atherton. Pen and Ink Artist; Illustrator. Born September 19, 1879, New York City. Son of Nathan Strauss and Minnie Gladken. Educated in Columbia Grammar School, New York. Pursued special course in Columbia College. Work has appeared in Life, Truth, Metropolitan Magazine, New York Herald, New York Journal, The North American, Philadelphia, etc. Issued book of drawings: Cupid and Coronet. Address: 57 West 75th, New York.

Strauss, Seligman Joseph. Lawyer. Born August 19, 1852, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Son of Abraham Strauss and Emilie Boden- heimer. Educated at Wilkes-Barre and in New York City. Grad- uate, 1872, M. A., 1876, College City of New York. Married Miriam Weiss. Member Wilkes-Barre School Board, 1886-1895. Was president District Grand Lodge No. 3, and member Execu- tive Committee, Independent Order B'nai B'rith. Address: Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

*Strunsky, Anna. Author. Born 1881, Russia. Educated in Leland Stanford, Jr., University, Palo Alto, Cal. Wrote articles for socialistic magazines and lectured while in college. When about to be graduated, planned to collaborate with Mr. London in writing the series of documents now published under the title of Kempton-Wace letters. Travelled in England, France, and Italy. Address: San Francisco, Cal. 200 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Strunsky, Simeon. Editor on the Staff of the New International Encyclopaedia. Born July 23, 1879, Vitebsk, Russia. Son of Israel Mordecai Strunsky and Pearl Schweistein. Educated in New York public schools, and Horace Mann High School; B. A., 1900, Columbia College. Came to the United States, 1887. Con- tributor in history, New International Encyclopaedia, 1900-1901; office editor history and political science, 1901-1904; editor of Index and Guide, 1904; contributor in history and politics, Inter- national Year Book, 1900-1902; contributor in history Encyclo- paedia Americana, 1904; instructor History and English, Educa- tional League, since 1901. Address: 1125 Washington, Hoboken, N. J. Sulzbacher, Louis. United States Judge for the Western Dis- trict of Indian Territory. Born May 10, 1842, Rhenish Palatinate. Son of Jacob Sulzbacher and Regine Schwarz. Educated in Ger- many. Married Pauline Flersheim. Was justice Supreme Court, Porto Rico. Address: Kansas City, Mo. Sulzberger, Mayer. President Judge Court of Common Pleas, No. 2, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Born June 22, 1843, Heidelsheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Son of Abraham Sulzberger and Sophia Einstein. Educated at Philadephia. Ad- dress: 1303 Girard Av., Philadephia, Pa. Tannenbaum, Abner. Yiddish and Hebrew Journalist. Born March 1, 1848, Shirwint, Russia. Son of Hirsch Tannenbaum. Educated in Kamenetz-Podolsk Jewish primary school, and grad- uate Kishineff First Gymnasium. Was teacher in public schools, in private schools, bookkeeper, commercial correspondent, and manager wholesale drug business. Came to New York, 1887, and opened small candy and cigar store; wrote for Der Morgenstern, 1889-1890, then for other Yiddish and Hebrew publications. Translated nearly all the works of Jules Verne into Yiddish, popularizing the scientific facts they contain; wrote several novels with the purpose of popularizing scientific knowledge; contrib- utes to Tageblatt, Judische Gazetten, Herold, Volksadvokat, and other Yiddish and Hebrew periodicals, on scientific and historical subjects, especially on the history of the Jews. Address: 107 West 113th, New York. "Tashrak." See Zevin, Israel Joseph. Thomashefsky, Borris. Leading Actor, Manager, and Lessee, People's Theatre, New York City. Born May 30, 1866, Kieff, Rus- sia. Son of Philip Thomashefsky and Bertha Wishnefsky. Stud- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 201 ied at Jewish, Russian, and German schools. Married Bessie Kaufman. Was leading actor and manager of theatres in Chicago and Philadelphia. Address: 549 Bedford Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. Traubel, Horace. Editor of The Conservator, and The Artsman. Born December 19, 1858, Camden, N. J. Son of Maurice Traubel and Katharine von Grunder. Educated in public schools. Mar- ried Anne Montgomerie. In early life was practical printer, prac- tical lithographer, bank clerk, general clerk, pay master, and served daily newspaper route. Founder and for sixteen years treasurer Contemporary Club, Philadelphia; one of the founders of the Philadelphia Ethical Society; and one of the founders, and since its foundation secretary-treasurer, of the Walt Whitman Fellowship (international). Was associated with Whitman for the last fifteen years of his life, helping him to prepare his works for final publication. Editorial writer at different periods on Boston Commonwealth, and Chicago Unity; writer of "spe- cials " on Chicago American, Philadelphia North American, and Philadelphia Times. Edited: several books in connection with Walt Whitman; The Dollar or the Man, cartoons by Homer Davenport. In preparation: An economic work, and the first volume of his Whitman Diary. Residence: Camden, N. J. Office: 200 South 10th, Philadelphia, Pa. Tuska, Gustave R. Consulting Engineer. Born July 15, 1S69, New York City. Son of Adolph Tuska and Elise Robitscher. Studied in College City of New York, B. S., 1888; M. S., 1891; and Columbia University, C. E., 1891. Married Isabel Pappenheimer. Tutor Civil Engineering, Columbia University. Bridge engineer Long Island R. R. Co.; engineer Central New York and Western R. R.; engineer Knoxville, Cumberland Gap, and Louisville R. R.; chief engineer Panama R. R. Co.; president and chief engineer Atlantic Construction Co.; chief engineer American Power Co.; chief engineer Atlantic Fisheries Co. Member of various engi- neers' societies. Director Hebrew Technical Institute, Under- writers Club, and The Judseans. Contributor to technical journals and proceedings of engineering societies. Residence: 40 East 65th. Office: 62-64 William, New York. Ulmann, Albert. Banker and Broker. Born July 2, 1861, New York City. Son of Edward Ulmann and Philippine Michels. Educated in New York City public schools. B. S., 1881, College City of New York. Married Tillie Sulzbacher. Trustee American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society; governor and one of the founders of The Judasans. Member Phi Beta Kappa; New York Historical Society; and American Historical Association. 202 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Author: Frederick Struther's Romance; Chaperoned; A Land- mark History of New York; New York's Historic Sites, Land- marks, Monuments, and Tablets. Residence: 101 West 80th. Office: 40 Exchange Place, New York. Van den Berg, Brahm. Concert Pianist, Teacher, Composer. Born May 20, 1876, Cologne, Germany. Son of Simon Van den Berg and Catherine Van Stratum. Educated at Antwerp and Vienna under Verhulst (cello), Rurwelds (piano), Josef Wien- iawski, Peter Benoit, Jean Bloch, and Theodor Leschetizky (1892- 1893). As a very young man was engaged for a series of con- certs in London, Paris, Amsterdam, , and Liege. Mar- ried Bertha Delden. First conductor in National Opera House, Antwerp, 1896-1898; conductor Grand Opera House, Algiers, 1898- 1900. Member of Faculty and Board of Examiners College of Music, Cincinnati, O. Address: 2153 St. James Av., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. Vineberg, Hiram Nahum. Physician. Born December 20, 1857, emigrated to Canada when six years old. Son of Alexander Vineberg. Educated in Canada public schools and privately. M. D. C. M., 1878, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Married Lena Bernheimer. Instructor Gynaecology New York Polyclinic and New York Post-Graduate Medical School; attending gynae- cologist St. Vincent's Hospital, and Monteflore Home for Chronic Invalids; adjunct attending gynaecologist Mount Sinai Hospital. Author of numerous papers on gynaecological subjects. Address: 751 Madison Av., New York City. *Waldstein, Charles. Educator, Author. Born March 30, 1856, New York City. Son of Henry Waldstein. A. M. and L. H. D., Columbia College; Ph.D., 1875, University of Heidelberg; M. A. and Litt. D., Cambridge, Eng. University lecturer, classical archaeology, Cambridge University, 1880; University reader, clas- sical archaeology, 1882; director Fitzwilliam Museum, 1883-1889. Fellow King's College, Cambridge, 1883; Slade professor fine arts, King's College, since 1885; director, 1889-1895, and professor, 1895-1897, American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Greece; directed excavations of American Archaeological Institute at Plataea, Eretria, Heraion of Argos, etc. Knight Commander Hellenic Order of the Redeemer; and of Ernestine Saxon Order. Author: Excavations at the Heraion of Argos; Balance of Emo- tion and Intellect, 1878; Essays on the Art of Phidias, 1885; The Work of John Ruskin, 1894; The Study of Art in Universities, 1895; The Surface of Things, 1899; The Jewish Question, 1899; The Expansion of Western Ideals and the World's Peace, 1899; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 203

The Argive Heraeum, 1902. Address: King's College, Cambridge, England. *Waldstein, Louis. Physician. Born April 15, 1853, New York City. Son of Henry Waldstein. Studied in College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; Heidelberg, Zurich, Vienna, London, and Paris. M. D., 1878, Heidelberg. Assistant Pathological Insti- tute, Heidelberg, 1878-1880; practiced in New York, 1880-1898; since then in London. Author: The Sub-Conscious Self in its Relation to Education and Health, 1897; also numerous medical and scientific memoirs and articles. Address: 38 Montpelier Sq., London, Eng. *Waldstein, M. E. Chemist. Born October 18, 1854, New York City. Son of Henry Waldstein. Educated in Columbia College School of Mines. Ph. D., 1875, Heidelberg. Head of Atlantic Chemical Works. Has written various chemical articles. Resi- dence: Orange, N. J. Office: 107 Murray, New York. Walkowitz, Abraham. Artist, Instructor in Art, Educational Alliance. Born March 22, 1880, Tuiemen, Siberia. Son of Jacob Walkowitz. Educated in Russia and the United States. Came to America with mother when ten years old; worked at various trades, last in sign painting establishment for five years; mean- while studied art in the evening at the National Academy of Design; received honorable mention for etching and medal for life-drawings. Later devoted whole time to study of painting. Exhibitor at the National Academy and Art Culture League, also private exhibitions. Address: 25 East 3d, New York. Wallach, Isabel R. Writer. Born April 15, 1858, New York. Daughter of Moses Richman and Rosa Mellis. Graduate Normal College, New York. Married Dr. Joseph G. Wallach (deceased). Vice-president for New York State of Council of Jewish Women; president Shaaray Tefila Sisterhood of Personal Service. Author: Historical and Biographical Narratives (for school children). Address: 15 West 91st, New York. Walt, Abraham (nom de plume, "A. Liesin"). Poet, Journalist, and on editorial staff of Yiddish paper Vorwarts. Born May 2, 1872, Minsk, Russia. Son of Yehuda Leib Walt and Relie Ham- burg. Educated in Cheder at Minsk and at Talmudical College in Volosin. Married Libbey Ginsburg. Was intended for the Rabbinate by his parents; expelled from the Talmudical College on account of heretical views. Went to Wilna when fifteen years old; participated in the socialist, labor, and revolutionary move- 204 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK ments in Russia; persecuted by agents of the government and com- pelled to live under assumed names, 1895; obliged to leave Rus- sia, 1897, and emigrated to the United States. Wrote poems, arti- cles, and essays for Yiddish periodicals in Russia and the United States. Contributions to Vorwarts and Zukunft. Address: Vor- warts, New York. Warburg, Felix M. Banker, in the firm of Kuhn, Loeb, anu Company. Born January 14, 1871, Hamburg, Germany. Son of Moritz Warburg and Charlotte Oppenheim. Educated in the Gym- nasium of Hamburg. Married Frieda Schiff. Appointed by Mayor Low Commissioner Board of Education, to serve until 1906. Address: 18 East 72d, New York. Weber, Joseph. Theatrical Manager. Born August 11, 1867, New York City. Son of Abraham Weber and Gertrude Enoch. Educated in New York public schools. Married Lillian Friedman. Owner Weber's Music Hall; member The Weber and Ziegfeld all-star stock company. German comedian. Address: 1213 Broad- way, New York. Weil, Abraham. Artist. Born July 12, 1869, New York City. Son of Jacob A. Weil and Dina Lilienthal. Early evinced taste for art. Entered business at fourteeen, and studied in the even- ings at Cooper Union; later at Academy of Design. Began career on The New York Star at the age of eighteen; was later con- nected at different periods with The Press, Commercial Adver- tiser, Mail and Express, The World, The Journal, The Herald, The St. Louis Post-Despatch, and Philadelphia North American. Had daily cartoons in The Evening Telegram, New York. With- drew from newspaper work, 1898, and has since done work for various magazines, illustrated beoks of fiction and travel, and designed art calendars, theatrical posters, etc., for lithographing firms. Address: 154 East 117th, New York. Weill, Edmond. Artist. Born 1872, New York City. Son of Max Weill. Educated in National Academy of Design, New York. Married Rose Bader. Charter member and first president County Sketch Club; charter member Society of Younger Painters. Has exhibited in oil and water colors, at Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; Philadelphia Art Club; and Art Institute, Chicago; Society of American Artists; National Academy of Design; American Water Color Society; etc. Ad- dress: 1132 Hancock, Brooklyn, N. Y. Werner, Adolph. Professor of the German Language and Liter- ature, College City of New York. Born January 5, 1839, Frank- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 205 fort on the Main, Germany. Son of Edward Werner and Rosalie Schlesinger. Studied in College City of New York (B. S., 1857; M. S., 1860); Ph. D., 1880, Rutgers Female College. Senator United Chapters Phi Beta Kappa since organization. Address: 339 West 29th, New York. Werner, Simon. Artist and Illustrator. Born April 21, 1871, New York. Son of Bernard Werner. Educated at New York. Studied art in Paris under Benjamin Constant, J. P. Laurens, and William Bouguereau. Engaged as lithographic designer from the age of fifteen to twenty-two. Since completion of art studies engaged in making drawings and illustrations for Harper's, Cen- tury, Ladies' Home Journal, Delineator, and other monthly maga- zines. Paintings exhibited at National Academy of Design; So- ciety of American Artists; Associated Illustrators; Carnegie Institute; Salon in Paris, and Glass Palast, Munich. Address: 43 East 59th, New York. Weyl, Max. Artist; Landscape Painter. Born 1837, Miihlen on the Neckar, Wurtemberg, Germany. Son of Veit Hirsh Weyl and Miriam G6tz. Self-taught. Married Miriam Raff. Past president, Society of Washington Artists. Received medal at the Atlanta Exhibition, 1895; A. J. Parsons prize, 1904, for the best landscape in Society of Washington Artists Exhibition, bought by Corcoran Gallery of Art. Address: 522 Corcoran Building, Washington, D. C. Weyl, Walter Edward. Economist. Born March 11, 1874, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Son of Nathan Weyl and Emilie Stern. Educated in Philadelphia public schools, and Central High School, Phila- delphia. Ph. B., 1892; Ph.D., 1897, University of Pennsylvania. Pursued courses at Universities of Halle, Berlin, and Paris. Junior fellowship, 1896-1897, senior fellowship, 1897-1898, 1898- 1899, University of Pennsylvania. In charge of Statistics of Inter- nal Commerce, United States Bureau of Statistics. Author: Passenger Traffic of Railways; Railway Labor in Europe; Labor Conditions in Mexico; Street Railway Labor; and about a dozen magazine articles. Address: care University Settlement, 184 Eldridge, New York. White, Henry (or Harry). General Secretary United Garment Workers of America. Born May 21, 1866, Baltimore, Md. Son of Max White and Annie Lewin. Educated in New York public schools. Served apprenticeship to trade of clothing cutter; jour- neyman at eighteen; joined union of trade affiliated with Knights of Labor; organized secession movement and issued call for national convention in New York, 1891, which organized the 14 206 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

United Garment Workers of America, affiliated with American Federation of Labor; has been general officer from first, since 1896 general secretary; has represented body at nearly all con- ventions of American Federation of Labor; one of the represen- tatives of New York at Chicago Trust Conference, 1899, appointed by Governor Roosevelt; nominated by Governor Roosevelt chief factory inspector of New York; nomination withdrawn; served on Executive Committee Citizen's Union; member National Civic Federation; trustee People's Institute; identified with Ethical Cul- ture Society and with Social Reform Club. Editor: The Garment Worker, and Weekly Bulletin of the Clothing Trade. Address: 95 West 119th, New York. Whitney, Rosalie Loew (Mrs. T. H.). Attorney Legal Aid Society of New York; Attorney-at-law. Born May 4, 1873, New York City. Daughter of William H. Loew and Lottie Wechsler. Educated in New York public schools; A. B., 1892, Normal College; LL. B., 1895, New York University. Married Travis H. Whitney. Address: 239 Broadway, New York. Wiernik, Peter. Yiddish Journalist; Collaborator in the Jewish Encyclopedia. Born March, 1865, Wilna, Russia. Son of Zebi Zeeb (Hirsch Wolf) Wiernik and Sarah Milchiger. Educated in Cheder until thirteen years old; self-taught in all but Hebrew studies. Came to America, 1885, and settled in Chicago. Was a peddler, common laborer, printer, writer for Yiddish papers and occasional contributor to Hebrew and English periodicals. Con- nected with the Jewish Courier in various capacities, from type- setter to editor, 1887-1896; came to New York, 1898. Author: History of the Jews, 1901. Office: care Jewish Morning Journal, 228 Madison. Residence: 54 Broome, New York. Winkler, Max. Professor German language and literature, Uni- versity of Michigan. Born September 4, 1866, Cracow, Austria. Son of Simon M. Winkler and Mathilde Greiwer. Educated in the Gymnasium of Cracow, and Hughes High School, Cincinnati, O. A. B., 1889, Harvard University; Ph. D., 1892, University of Michi- gan; post-graduate courses in University of Berlin. Assistant pro- fessor Modern Languages, University of Kansas, 1889-1890; in- structor in German, University of Michigan, 1890-1892, and 1893- 1895; assistant professor German, 1895-1900; acting professor German, 1900-1902; professor German Language and Literature since 1902. Member Phi Beta Kappa of Harvard University and University of Kansas. Editor: Lessing's Emilia Galotti, with introduction and notes, 1895; Goethe's Egmont, with introduc- tion and notes, 1898; Schiller's Wallenstein, with introduction BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 207 and notes, 1901; Goethe's Iphigenie, with introduction and notes (in press). Contributions to Modern Language Notes. Address: 730 South Thayer, Ann Arbor, Mich. Wise, Leo. Publisher and Managing Editor, American Israelite, Cincinnati; Publisher Chicago Israelite. Born October 28, 1849, Albany, N. Y. Son of Rabbi Isaac M. Wise and Therese Bloch. Educated in Talmid Yelodim Institute, Cincinnati; St. Xavier's College, Cincinnati; Cincinnati Farmers' College, College Hill, O.; Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.; LL. B., University of Michigan. Married Pauline Goodman. While a boy served a brief time in the United States Navy (River Flotilla) during the Civil War; was one of the original settlers at the Kimberley diamond mine, having pre-empted claims when it was opened. Has been con- nected with The American Israelite during his entire active career. Conducted Die Deborah for a number of years; issued the Amer- ican Jews' Annual for eight years. Established Chicago Israelite, 1885. Residence: 361 Hearne Av., Avondale. Office: 56 Perin Bldg., Cincinnati, O. Witmark, Julius P. Music Publisher. Born September 19, 1870, New York City. Son of Marcus Witmark and Henrietta Peyser. Educated in New York. Married Carrie J. Rosenberg. Belongs to the firm of M. Witmark and Sons, music publishers, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and London. In his youth, until 1885, boy soprano on the stage. Address: 144-146 West 37th, New York. Witt, Max S. Composer; General Musical Director of Messrs. Broadhurst and Currie's productions. Born November 12, 1870, Stettin, Germany. Son of Elias Witt and Sophie Schlesinger. Educated in Stettin Stadt Gymnasium and New York public schools. Married Margaret Gonzalez. Was intended for com- mercial career, but abandoned it for music; has written many popular melodies. Composer: The Moth and the Flame; My Little Georgia Rose; First Violin Waltzes; Phyllis Waltz; The A. B. C. of Love, etc. Address: 34 East 21st, New York.

Wolbarst, Abraham Leo. Physician. Born August 4, 1872, New York City. Son of Bernard Wolbarst and Jane Appelbaum. Educated in New York public schools and College City of New York; M. D., 1898, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Attend- ing surgeon, Beth Israel Hospital Dispensary; clinical surgical assistant, New York Polyclinic, School and Hospital. Special writer for New York Evening Sun on Jewish affairs; organizer and president four terms, New Era Club; founder, Society for the Aid of Crippled Children, all of New York. Associate editor, 208 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Whitman's Orthopaedic Surgery; and Weir's Lectures on Surgery. Formerly associate editor, New York Journal of Cutaneous and Genito-Urinary Diseases. Has written technical articles on sur- gery, and articles on social conditions in the Jewish quarter of New York. Address: 24 East 119th, New York.

Wolf, Adolph Grant. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico. Born January 11, 1869, Washington, D. C. Son of Simon Wolf and Caroline Hahn. Studied in Johns Hopkins University (A. B., 1890); LL. B., 1892, LL. M., 1893, Columbian (now George Washington) University, Washington; post-graduate work at University of Berlin. Financial secretary, United Hebrew Charities, Washington; treasurer Civil Service Reform Associa- tion, District of Columbia. Address: 926 F, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Wolf, Emma. Author. Born June 15, 1865, San Francisco, Cal. Daughter of Simon Wolf and Annette Levy. Educated in San Francisco grammar, high, and normal schools. Author: Other Things Being Equal; A Prodigal in Love; The Joy of Life; Heirs of Yesterday. Has written short stories for magazines. Address: 2874 Washington, San Francisco, Cal.

Wolf, Simon. Attorney-at-law. Born October 28, 1836, Hinz- weiler, Rhenish Bavaria. Son of Levi Wolf. Educated in public schools; graduate Ohio Law College, Cleveland. Doctor's degree, University of Strassburg. Married Amelia Lichtenstein. Was recorder District of Columbia, 1869-1878, United States consul general and agent diplomatique to Egypt, 1881-1882; member Board of Charities and School Board, District of Columbia. At present Chairman Board of Delegates for Civil and Religious Rights of Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Twice presi- dent Constitution Grand Lodge Conventions, and now president, Independent Order B'nai B'rith; for twelve years president Order Kesher Shel Barzel; president Washington Schuetzen Verein for twelve years; president Masonic Veterans Association; Bund der Alten; Ruppert House for Aged and Indigent, and German Orphan Asylum; founder and president Hebrew Orphans Home, Atlanta, Ga. Author: The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier, and Citizen; Biographies of Mordecai M. Noah and Commodore U. P. Levy. Address: 926 F, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Wolfenstein, Martha. Born August 5, 1869, Insterburg, Prus- sia, Germany. Daughter of Dr. Samuel Wolfenstein and Bertha Brieger. Educated in Cleveland, O., public schools. Author: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 209

Idyls of the Gass; short stories in various magazines. Address: Jewjsh Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, O. Wolfson, Arthur Mayer. First Assistant in History (chairman of department), De Witt Clinton High School; teacher in charge of Annex to DeWitt Clinton High School, New York. Born April 10, 1873, Chicago, 111. Son of Rudolph Wolfson and Nancy Mayer. Educated in Kansas City and Philadelphia public schools. B. A., 1893; M. A., 1896, and Ph.D., 1898, Harvard University. Teacher Central High School, Kansas City, Mo., 1893-1895; assistant in History, Harvard University, 1896-1898; teacher DeWitt Clinton High School since 1898. Has writen reviews and monographs, among them, The Ballot and Other Forms of Voting in the Italian Communes (in American Historical Review); Some Bibliograph- ical Notes on Italian Communal History (in Year Book of Biblio- graphical Society of Chicago), 1902-1903; Some Modern Theories of History Teaching Tested by Actual Practice (in Annual Re- port Schoolmasters' Association, New York and Vicinity), 1902- 1903. Author: The Essentials in Ancient History (text book). Address: 140 West 102d, New York.

Wolfstein, David I. Physician. Born January 11, 1862, Hanni- bal, Mo. Son of Isaac Wolfstein and Caroline Levy. Studied medicine in Ohio Medical College; pursued courses in Europe, for three years, at Strassburg, Zurich, Berlin, and Vienna. Fellow in Biology, University of Cincinnati. Married Nettie F. Scheuer. Is neuro-pathologist to Cincinnati Hospital, University of Cin- cinnati; neurologist to Jewish Hospital. Was bacteriologist, Miami Medical College; professor of Pathology, University of Cincinnati; of Mental and Nervous Diseases, Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery; secretary, Section of Nervous and Men- tal Diseases, American Medical Association. Has written articles on diseases of the nervous system. Address: 22 West 7th, Cin- cinnati, O. *Woog, Benjamin Bernard. First Lieutenant, Marine Corps, United States Navy. Born in District of Columbia. Entered service and received present commission, July 1, 1899. Ordered to Guam, P. I., 1903. Address: Navy Department, Washington, D. C. Woolf, Albert Edward. Electrician; Inventor. Born Septem- ber 25, 1846, New York City. Son of Edward Woolf and Sarah Michels. Educated in College City of New York. Married Rosa- mund Wimpfheimer. Member American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and of Society of Arts, London, Eng. Introduced Per- 210 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK oxide of Hydrogen for bleaching ostrich feathers; discovered and introduced disinfection by means of electrolysis of a saline solu- tion; purified Rikers Island; sterilized New York drinking water during typhoid fever epidemic, 1893; disinfected Havana for United States officials; eradicated yellow fever. Residence: 832 West End Av. Office: 415 Lexington Av., New York. Woolf, Samuel Johnson. Portrait and Figure Painter. Born February 12, 1880, New York City. Son of Albert Edward Woolf and Rosamund Wimpfheimer. Graduate, 1899, College City of New York, and studied at Art Students League. Pupil of Ken- yon Cox and George DeForrest Brush. Awarded Hallgarten prize National Academy of Design, 1904; represented at exhibitions in National Academy of Design, New York; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Society of American Artists; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg; and St. Louis Exposition. Works: Portraits of William J. Lemoyne; Jonathan Scott Hartley; Professor Solo- mon Woolf; Subject pictures: Finale; Idle Hours; The Chemist; The Story of Christmas; Girl with Violets. Residence: 832 West End Av. Studio: 139 West 55th, New York. "Yehoash." See Bloomgarden, Sol. *Zalinski, Edmund L. Captain, United States Army (retired). Born in Poland. Graduate, 1880, of the Artillery School. Ap- pointed second lieutenant, 2d New York Artillery of Volunteers, 1865; second lieutenant, 5th Artillery regular army, 1866; first lieutenant, 1867; captain, 1887; retired, 1894. Address: War Department, Washington, D. C. *Zalinski, Moses G. Major, Quartermaster's Department, United States Army. Born January 23, 1863, New York. Graduate, 1894, of the Artillery School. Appointed private, corporal, and sergeant, Batteries G and H, first Artillery, 1885; second lieutenant, second Artillery, 1889; first lieutenant, fourth Artillery, February, 1895; transferred to second Artillery, March, 1895; captain and quarter- master, 1898; major quartermaster, 1903. Address: War Depart- ment, Washington, D. C.

Zeisler, Fannie Bloomfield (Mrs. Sigmund). Concert Pianiste. Born July 16, 1865, Bielitz, Austrian Silesia. Daughter of Solomon Bloomfield and Bertha Jaeger. Came to Chicago when two years old. Taught by Carl Wolfsohn, Chicago, and 1878-1883 by Lesche- tizky, Vienna. First public appearance in Chicago, 1875. On her return from abroad, played at piano and orchestral concerts in the cities of the United States. Soloist with New York Philharmonic BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 211 and Symphony Societies, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago, Buffalo, Cincinnati, and St. Louis Orchestras, and at the Worcester Festivals. In 1893-1895 appeared with great success in all the large cities of Germany, Austria, , and Switzerland; 1896, made a tour of the Pacific Coast; 1898, played in England, and was soloist at the Lower Rhine Music Festival, at Cologne; in 1902 again played in the large cities of Europe, including Paris. Accounted one of the greatest living piano artists. Married Sig- mund Zeisler. Honorary member Chicago and Peoria Woman's Club; Saturday Club, Sacramento; Chicago Women's Aid; Chi- cago Woman's Club; and Chicago Amateur Musical Club. Ad- dress: 5749 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

Zeisler, Sigmund. Lawyer. Born April 11, 1860, Bielitz, Aus- tria. Son of Isaac L. Zeisler and Anna Kanner. Educated in Bielitz public schools, and Imperial and Royal Gymnasium, Bielitz. J. D., 1883, University of Vienna; LL. B., 1884, North- western University. Married Fannie Bloomfield, 1885. Was associate counsel for defense in Anarchist cases, 1886-1887; chief assistant corporation counsel of Chicago, 1893-1894; resigned because of ill-health and travelled in Europe several months; since then engaged in private law practice; prominent as Sound- Money Democrat in campaign of 1896; speaker at the first anti- Imperialist meeting held west of the Alleghanies, Chicago, 1899; member Executive Committee American anti-Imperialist League, 1899; acting chairman during entire business session National Liberty Congress, 1900; stumped country as an anti-Imperialist in favor of Bryan, campaign of 1900. Member Executive Com- mittee of Voters' League; and of Civil Service Reform Associa- tion. Contributor to reviews and law journals. Office: Rookery. Residence, 5749 Woodlawn Av., Chicago, 111.

"Zelda." See Pastor, Rose Harriet.

Zevin, Israel Joseph ("Tashrak"). Associate Editor Jewish Daily News (Yiddish), New York. Born January 31, 1872, Gori- Gorki, Moghilev, Russia. Son of Judah Leib Zevin. Educated in Russian Cheder and privately. Was editor Philadelphia Jewish Press (Yiddish). Came to New York, 1889; started as newsboy on Park Row; wrote first literary productions while selling can- dies from a stand on the Bowery, 1893; joined editorial staff Jewish Daily News, 1900. Has written sketches, short stories, and biographies, in Hebrew in Ha-Ibri, and Yalkut Maarabi; in English in the English Department Jewish Daily News, Jewish Comment, and other Jewish weeklies; in Yiddish for nearly every 212 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Yiddish publication in the United States. Address: 185 East Broadway, New York. Zolotkoff, Leon. Assistant State's Attorney, Chicago. Born May 15, 1865, Wilna, Russia. Son of Jehudah Zolotkoff and Re- becca Ostriner. Educated in Russian Cheder; and Wilna schools; at nineteen attended lectures of the historico-philological faculty, Sorbonne, Paris; B.L., 1895, Lake Forrest University, Chicago. Married Fanny Ogus. Was associate editor Hebrew daily Ha- Yom, St. Petersburg, 1886-1887; contributed to Russian periodi- cals, and wrote several short stories, one entitled " Prison Types," 1887. Came to Chicago, 1887, established the Daily and Weekly Jewish Courier; attempted publication of a Hebrew monthly magazine, Keren Or, 1888, but published only two issues on ac- count of lack of funds. Has contributed numerous sketches under the heading Zauberspiegel to the Yiddish press for fifteen years. Organized and is grand master, Order Knights of Zion. Attended Second, Third, and Fifth Zionist Congresses at Basle, and was twice elected member Actions-Committee. Address: 936 Stock Exchange Bldg., Chicago, 111. Zon, Raphael G. Field-Assistant Bureau of Forestry, United States Department of Agriculture. Born December 1, 1874, Sim- birsk, Russia. Son of Gabriel Zon. Graduate, 1893, of Classical Gymnasium at Simbirsk; studied in Medical and Natural Science Department, University of Kazan, Russia, 1893-1896; attended lec- tures on political economy, at University Nouvelle, Brussels, 1897; graduate New York State College of Forestry of Cornell Univer- sity, 1901, with degree F. E. (Forest Engineer). Has been con- nected with the Bureau of Forestry since 1901. Has investigated the Chestnut in Maryland; Balsam Fir in the Adirondacks; and silviculture of Longleaf Pine in Texas. Defined the treatment of Mohegan Park, Hamilton Co., N. Y, and is studying the Loblolly Pine in connection with the Kirby Working Plan. Has contributed papers to The Forester, Forestry Quarterly, and The Popular Science Monthly. Address: Bureau of Forestry, Washington, D. C. Zunser, Eliakum. Born Heshvan 1, 5602 (1841), Wilna, Russia. Son of Feiwe Zunser and Ita Glasstein. Studied at the Talmu- dical Colleges of Wilna; in secular studies self-taught by means of the Hebrew Haskala literature. Married Feige Katzewitz. Wrote poetry in Judso-German, beginning at age of thirteen; com- posed words and music, frequently extempore; sang at concerts and weddings. Came to America, 1889; gave up writing, 1895; is now a printer. First volume of poems printed in 1861; has BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 213 since published sixty-five collections of poems, some with music and some with translations into Hebrew; the volume entitled Shirim Hadoshim is best known. Also wrote and published a drama, Mehirat Joseph, 1871. Address: 156 East Broadway, New York.

JEWS IN THE CONGEESS OF THE UNITED STATES MAETIN EMEEICH, of Illinois, in the House of Representatives. HENRY MAYER GOLDFOGLE, of New York, in the House of Repre- sentatives. Lucius NATHAN LITTAUER, of New York, in the House of Repre- sentatives. ADOLPH MEYER, of Louisiana, in the House of Representatives. ISIDOR RAYNER, of Maryland, Senator-elect. For biographical sketches of the above, see pp. 86, 102, 143, 154, 167. 214 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EABBIS AND CAN- TOES OFFICIATING IN THE UNITED STATES

(ADDITIONS) The subjoined biographical sketches and notices are to be regarded as additions to the Sketches published in the AMER- ICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 5664, pp. 40-108. An effort was made to reach all new incumbents and to follow up all changes. Also, a renewed effort was made to obtain authentic data from those whose sketches last year were marked with an asterisk to indicate that they had been compiled from secondary sources. The asterisk continues to serve this purpose in the appended list, which is still limited to such Eabbis and Cantors as are at present officially connected with congrega- tions in the United States.

Abbey, Adolph. Minister Hall Street Synagogue (Congrega- tion Nvay Tsedek Talmud Torah), Portland, Ore. Born at Riga, Russia, February 28, 1875. Educated at the Gymnasium and the Talmudical Colleges of Shavli, Kovno, and Bialystok, Russia. Diploma conferred by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Spector, Kovno. LL. B., University of Oregon. Held positions in Washington, D. C, and Spokane, Wash. Contributor to the Jewish Tribune, Portland; Hebrew Standard, New York. Address: 615% First, Portland, Ore. Bergman, MoTse. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Gates of Prayer, New Orleans, La. Born November 10, 1877, at Shreveport, La. Son of J. A. Bergman and Annie Wise. Educated at the public schools of Shreveport and New Orleans; Tulane Prepara- tory School; Cincinnati High School; Hebrew Union College (B. H., and Rabbi), and University of Cincinnati (B. A.). Was Rabbi of Temple Emanuel, Grand Rapids, Mich. Has done circuit work at Saginaw and Battle Creek, Mich. Address: 850 Caron- delet, New Orleans, La. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 215

Bloch, Jacob. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El, Spokane, Wash., in June, 1904. * Brown, A. B. J. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Shaarey Zedek, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904. Cahan, Morris. Rabbi of Congregation Children of Israel, Augusta, Ga. Born May, 1878, Proskurov, Podolia, Russia. Son of Simon Cahan. Studied at Jewish Theological Seminary, Col- lege City of New York, University of Cincinnati (B. A., 1903), and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1903). Address: 1019 Greene, Augusta, Ga. •Cohen, P. H. Elected Cantor of Congregation Shaarey Zedek, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904. *Cohn, Frederick. Rabbi of Congregation Achduth Vesholom, Fort Wayne, Ind., elected, in 1904, Rabbi of Temple Israel, Omaha, Neb., and of Congregation B'nai Yeshurun, Lincoln, Neb. Ad- dress: 1302 Park Av., Omaha, Neb. Cooper, Israel. Cantor (since 1886) of Congregation Sons of Israel (B'nai Israel Kalvaria), New York City. Born January 25, 1843, at Alusenitz, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Russia. Son of Isaiah Cooper and Frieda Rosa Millinitzer. Educated at Jassy, Rou- mania. Smuggled across the Black Sea into Roumania at the age of fifteen to escape the child-stealers seeking Jewish recruits for the army. Married Fannie Rebecca Engelscher. Was cantor in Bucharest, Roumania, five years; Wilna, Russia, ten years; and Chicago, 111., two years. Address: 3 Rutgers, New York. *Dubov, Marcus H. Rabbi of Congregation Bnei Moshe, Evans- ville, Ind., elected Rabbi of Congregation B'rith Achim, Rich- mond, Va., in 1904. Eiseman, Aaron. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Beth Israel Bikur Cholim, New York City. Born March 20, 1879, New York City. Son of Bernhard Eiseman and Rebecca Rosenblatt. Secular education in the New York public schools; New York University (B. A., 1901); and Columbia University (M. A., 1902). Rabbinical education under Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes and at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. One of the founders of the Z. B. T. Fraternity, and for two years its Nasi. Address: 1067 Lexington Av., New York. Ettelson, Harry W. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Ach- duth Vesholom, Fort Wayne, Ind. Born October 2, 1881, in 216 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Poland. Son of Samuel A. Ettelson and Miriam Harris. B. A., 1903, University of Cincinnati; Rabbi, 1904, Hebrew Union Col- lege. Pursued a course of study at University of Chicago. Ad- dress: Fort Wayne, Ind. Farber, Rudolph. Rabbi of Congregation Shaaray Zedek, De- troit, Mich. Born April 5, 1862, at Zator, Austria. Son of Jacob Farber and Rosa Getreider. Elementary Jewish and secular edu- cation in the schools of Zator and Neutra, Hungary. Talmudic education for ten years under Klemperer and Dr. Abraham Stein, Prague. Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1880, by Rabbi Aaron Kornfeld, Jenikau, Bohemia; and 1883, by Dr. Saul Kaempf, Prague. Held rabbinical positions in Glozan, Bohemia; Erie, Pa.; Chicago, 111.; Portland, Ore.; and Vancouver, B. C. Taught Sem- itics in Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. Editor: The Occident, Chicago; The American Hebrew News, Portland, Ore. Contrib- utor to The Oregonian, and other papers. Address: 104 Adelaide, Detroit, Mich. Feuerlicht, Morris Marcus. Rabbi of Congregation Ahawas Achim, Lafayette, Ind., elected Associate Rabbi of the Indian- apolis (Ind.) Hebrew Congregation, in 1904. Friedman, Henry. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Sinai, Mil- waukee, Wis. Born July 21, 1846, Worne, Russia. Son of Lewis Friedman and Bella Sofer. Educated at Wilna, Russia. Rabbin- ical authorization conferred, 1867, by Dr. Landsberg, Darmstadt; and 1869, Dr. Alex. Stein, Worms. Married Sarah Daneman. Held position for four years in South Germany; as assistant rabbi in Congregation B'rith Kodesh, Rochester, N. Y.; in Congregation Shaareh Tove, Minneapolis, Minn.; for four years in Congrega- tion Beth El Emeth, Camden, Ark.; for seven years in United Hebrew Congregation, Gainesville, Tex.; and for two years in Tampa, Fla. Founder of Congregation Shaareh Tove, Minneap- olis, Minn. Address: 380 Boylston Place, Milwaukee, Wis. •Friedman, J. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Rodef Sholom, Homestead, Pa., in 1903. *Frisch, Ephraim. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Anshe Emeth, Pine Bluff, Ark., in 1904. *Goldenson, Samuel H. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Adath Israel, Lexington, Ky., in 1904. *Heiman, Leopold. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Beth-El, Norfolk, Va. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 217

Heller, Nachman. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Aha- bath Israel, Philadelphia, Pa. Born Heshvan 15, 1862, at Bialy- stok, Poland. Son of Israel Heller and Taube Feiga Thai. Tal- mudic education received from his father, from Rabbi Samuel Mohilever, the Malbim, Rodkinson, and M. Friedmann, Vienna. Studied at the Gymnasium in Konigsberg, and pursued courses in philosophy, physiology, pedagogy, economics, etc., at the Univer- sity of Vienna; Baylor University, Texas (1902-1903), and Univer- sity of Chicago, 1903. Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1880, by Rabbi M. L. Malbim, Konigsberg; 1883, by Rabbi Alexander Lapidus, Rossiena; 1884, by Rabbi Samuel Mohilever, Bialystok. Married Esther Gorfinkel (granddaughter of the Bigde-Yesha). Taught Hebrew school Shaarei Zedek, New York, 1900; principal Hebrew school Shaare-Zedek, Winnipeg, Man., 1901; and Rabbi Congregation Agudath Jacob, Waco, Tex., 1902-1903. Works: Rabbi Nachman-bar-Jacob (Hebrew poem), 1883; Doresh l'Zion (on Zionism), 1900; Translation of the Aramaic parts of Daniel and Ezra into Hebrew (in press). Address: 2076 Letterly, Phila- delphia, Pa. Hirschensohn, Hayim. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Ez Hachayim, Hoboken, N. J. Born Ellul 11, 1858, in Safed, Pales- tine. Son of Jacob Mordecai Hirschensohn and Sarah Bela Zartkis. Educated at the elementary schools of Safed; the Sukkat Sholom u-Maor Jacob Academy, Jerusalem, of which his father was principal; and in Cabbalah in the College of Rabbi Shalom Sharabi, Jerusalem. Self-taught in modern Hebrew literature. Rabbinical authorization conferred by Rabbis of Jerusalem, Egypt, Germany, Holland, Roumania, and Russia, and the title of Hakam, by Kalman Shulman and S. Rubin. Was principal, later vice- principal, of College in Jerusalem, in succession to his father; teacher in the orphan asylum at Jerusalem; engaged in business pursuits, 1894-1895; studied hieroglyphics in Egypt; director of a Sephardic school in Constantinople, 1896-1903; came to America, 1903. Early interested in Zionist movement; delegate to the Sixth Congress at Basle; organizer of a B'nai B'rith lodge in Jerusalem; associated with Ben-Jehuda and Yellin in various educational movements looking to the introduction and use of the in Palestine; and the establishment of libraries. Editor: Hebrew and Yiddish monthly; Hebrew monthly Ha- Misderonah; the Or Zarua, from a MS. in the British Museum, 1887. Author: Mosedot Torah shebeal Pe; Ateret Zekenim; articles in the periodical press. Address: 202 Park Av., Hoboken, N. J.

Hirschowitz, Abraham Eber. Rabbi of Congregation Sons ot Israel, New York City, elected Rabbi of Congregations B'nai Jacob and B'nai Israel, Toledo, O., in 1903. 218 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

*Hirshberg, Samuel. Rabbi of Congregation unabei Shalom, Boston, Mass., elected Rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El, Mil- waukee, Wis., in 1904. Hoffman, Charles Isaiah. Rabbi, since 1904, of the United Hebrew Congregation of Indianapolis, Ind. Born January 3, 1864, Philadelphia, Pa. Son of Moses Hoffman and Hannah Kaufman. Educated at Philadelphia public schools, and Rugby Academy, Philadelphia. A. B., A. M., and LL. B., University of Pennsylvania. Pursued post-graduate course at Cambridge University, England, and Jewish Theological Seminary (Rabbi, 1904, valedictorian). Married Fanny Binswanger. President District Grand Lodge No. 3, Independent Order B'nai B'rith. Editor and one of the founders of the Jewish Exponent. Member of the Philadelphia bar, and practiced law in Philadelphia. Has made addresses before Jewish societies, and written essays for the Jewish Expo- nent. Address: Indianapolis, Ind.

*lsrael, Solomon. Appointed Cantor of Congregation Agudath Achim Anshe Orange, 258 Main Street, Orange, N. J. Israeli, Phineas. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Tifereth Israel, Des Moines, la. Born April 24, 1880, at Elizabethgrad, Russia. Son of Elimelech Israeli and Sima Zlotsky. Elementary education at a Cheder in Russia and in the Hartford, Conn., public schools. A. B., 1899, College City of New York; M. A., 1902, Columbia University; Rabbi, 1902, Jewish Theological Semi- nary of America. Married Sophia Kaplan. Rabbi, 1902-1903, at Allentown, Pa. Address: 1047 Sixth Av., Des Moines, la. *Kahn, Emanuel. Rabbi of United Hebrew Congregation, Fort Smith, Ark., elected Rabbi of the Congregation in Joplin, Mo., in 1904. *Kamenski, Herman. Elected Rabbi of the Jewish Congrega- tion in Corning, N. Y., in 1903. *Kaplan, Bernard Michael. Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Israel, Sacramento, Cal., elected Rabbi of Congregation Ohabei Shalome, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904. Kaplan, Jacob H. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Albert, Albuquerque, N. M. Born December 26, 1874, at Adelnau, Posen, Germany. Son of Louis Kaplan and Minna Margolius. Educated at Buffalo high school; Hughes High School, Cincinnati; Univer- sity of Cincinnati (B. A., 1901), and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1902). Address: 106 North 12th, Albuquerque, N. M. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 219

*Kaplan, Mordecai M. Elected Minister of Kehilath Jeshurun, New York City, in 1904. Address: 103 East 90th, New York. *Karfunkel, Solomon. Elected Rabbi of the Hungarian Hebrew Congregation Oheb Zedek, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1904. Klein, Jacob. Rabbi of Congregation Emanuel, Statesville, N. C, elected Rabbi of the Congregation in Sumter, S. C, in 1904. Address: 209 North Washington, Sumter, S. C. Klein, Max. Minister (since 1903) of Congregation Bikur Cholim, Donaldsonville, La. Born February 2, 1853, at Hatten, Alsace. Son of Frederic Klein and Therese Moock. Diplomas conferred by Rabbi Griinebaum, Landau; Cantor Jacob Stern, Ingenheim, Palatinate; Cantor Zacharie Klein (his brother), Brumath, Alsace. Held positions, 1872, at Kolbsheim, Alsace; 1873-1885, Alexandria, La. Address: Donaldsonville, La. *Kleinfeld, A. S. Elected Cantor of Congregation B'nai Je- shurun, Paterson, N. J. Kleinfeld, Solomon. Cantor and Preacher of Congregation Bnai Sholom, New Haven, Conn. Born November 12, 1869, in Austria. Son of Jacob Kleinfeld and Ester Goldbaum. Educated at the Stern Conservatory of Music, Berlin, Germany. Urged by his teachers to adopt the stage as his profession, but was prevented by his father, who feared the effect upon his religious attitude. Married Julia Gross. Held positions in the Oranienburger Vor- stadt, Berlin; Congregation Atereth Israel, New York; and Con- gregation Beth Israel, Philadelphia. Address: 98 Olive, New Haven, Conn. Kopfstein, Mayer. Rabbi of Congregation Mount Sinai of Har- lem, New York, founded by him. Congregation incorporated June 27, 1904. *Kornfeld, Joseph Saul. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Anshe Emeth, Pine Bluff, Ark., and accepts a position in Mont- real, Canada, in 1904. *Krohn, S. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Ohev Israel, Kansas City, Mo., in 1904. Levi, Gerson Benedict. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congregation Beth El, Helena, Ark. Born January 23, 1878, in Russia. Son of Israel Levi and Miriam Saltzman. Elementary education in 220 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

public schools of Glasgow, Scotland, and public and high schools of Philadelphia. B. A., 1899, University of Pennsylvania; Rabbi, 1904, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Private study with Rev. Dr. Sabato Morais, 1888-1897. Post-graduate course in Semitics, 1900-1902, University of Pennsylvania. Head of Hebrew Department, Jewish Chautauqua Society. Author: Beginners' Book in Hebrew; Advanced Lessons in Hebrew. Address: Helena, Ark. Levine, David. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Emanu-El, Spo- kane, Wash. Born October 5, 1876, in New York City. Son of Herman I. Levine and Pauline Meiersohn. Educated at Baltimore City College, College City of New York, and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1902), and completed the course at the Jewish Theologi- cal Seminary of America. Married Daisy Baum. Rabbi, 1900- 1902, of Congregation Adath Jeshurun, Syracuse, N. Y.; acting Rabbi, 1903-1904, of Temple Beth Israel, Portland, Ore. Author: The Garden of Wisdom of Rabbi Nathanel bar Fayyumi, trans- lated from the original Arabic, and edited with notes, critical, literary, and explanatory. Address: 719 Riverside Av., Spokane, Wash. *Levinson, J. Elected Cantor of Congregation Beth David, Detroit, Mich., in 1904. *Magnes, J. Leon. Elected Rabbi of Temple Israel, Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1904. Mandel, Morris. Minister, since 1903, of Congregation Keneseth Israel, Allentown, Pa. Born April 1, 1875, Bely, Hungary. Son of Elijah Mandel and Lena Kastor. Elementary education in the graded schools of Hungary and the public schools of New York. Came to America, 1888. A. B., 1897, College City of New York; Rabbi, 1898, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Pursued post-graduate studies in School of Philosophy, Columbia University. Rabbi Congregation Adas Israel, Washington, D. C, 1898-1901; Beth Israel Congregation, Atlantic City, N. J., 1901- 1903. Vice-President, 1899-1900, Federation of American Zionists. Address: 747 Turner, Allentown, Pa. Mannheimer, Leo. Resigns as Rabbi of Mizpah Congregation, Chattanooga, Tenn., in 1904. *Margolies, M. S. Elected Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Jacob, South Brooklyn, N. Y., 1903. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Anshei Emeth, Cleveland, O., in 1904. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 221

*Markovitz, M. A. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Chevra Thillim, San Francisco, Cal., 1903. Mayer, Eli. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth El, Helena, Ark., and is elected assistant rabbi to the Rev. Dr. Joseph Kraus- kopf, of Congregation Keneseth Israel, Philadelphia, Pa. Ad- dress: 263 Berkeley St., German town,. Pa. *Medvidovsky, Israel. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Nvay Tsedek Talmud Torah, Portland, Ore., in 1904. Mendelsohn, G. Minister of Congregation Rodef Sholom, Home- stead, Pa., elected Rabbi of Congregation Adath Israel, Nashville, Tenn., in 1903. Meyer, Julius Henry. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Emanu- El, Milwaukee, Wis., in 1903. Minkowsky, Abraham. Cantor of Congregation Shaarei Zedek, New York. Born November 15, 1869, at Biala-Zerkofl, Russia. Son of Mordecai Minkowsky and Malka Freinkel. Educated at Cheder and at a Talmudical College. Graduate of the Moscow Imperial Conservatory of Music. Married Bertha Osoffezky. Was Cantor of the Great Temple, Odessa; Cantor of Reformed Tem- ple, Cherson, for more than twelve years; professor of vocal culture and theory of music, Cherson Imperial Institute of Music; and director of the Tchaikowsky Musical Circle, Cherson. Com- poser of synagogue music. Address: 207 Clinton, New York. *Morgenstern, Julian. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Emanuel, Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1904. *Myers, Isidor. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Ohabei Shalome, San Francisco, Cal., in 1904. Nelson, Leon M. Resigns as Rabbi of Temple Israel, Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1904. Raisin, Max. Rabbi of K. K. Bene Abraham, Portsmouth, O., elected Rabbi of Congregation Ryhim Ahoovim, Stockton, Cal., in 1903; resigns from the Congregation, in 1904, and is elected Rabbi of Temple Sinai, St. Francisville, La. Reichert, Isidor. Rabbi of Temple Beth El, Brooklyn, N. Y., officiated as Rabbi at Temple Beth-Zion, Johnstown, Pa., 1903- 1904, and was elected Rabbi in Temple Israel, Uniontown, Pa., in 1904. 222 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

*Ridwas (Willonski), Jacob David. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Anshe Kaneses Israel, Chicago, 111. Born, 1845, at Kobrin, Russia. Rabbi at Zabolin, Bobruisk, and Slutzk, and Maggid of Wilna, 1889-1900. Came to America, 1900. Author: Migdal David, 1874; Hanah David, 1876; Teshubah Rabbah, 1883. Editor: Jerusalem Talmud, text, with all former commentaries in addition to his own (11 vols. fol.). Rivkind, Moses Mordecai. Rabbi of Congregation Beth El Jacob, Des Moines, la. Born 1864, at Toshnat, Hungary. Son of Gedaliah Rivkind. Educated in Russian towns. Rabbinical authorization conferred by Chief Rabbi Myer Jonah, Swislitz; Rabbi Michael Wolf son, Janishok; Rabbi K. Natan, Augustovo; Chief Rabbi Samuel Salant, Jerusalem; and Chief Rabbi J. D. Ridwas. Married Selda Lossman. Held positions in Indianapolis, Ind.; and St. Paul, Minn. Author: Gedulat Mordecai. Address: 508 East First, Des Moines, la. Rosenberg, Solomon. Resigned as Rabbi and Cantor of Temple Beth El, Jersey City, N. J., in 1903. *Rosenstein, M. Elected Rabbi of Congregation B'nai Sholom, Toledo, O., in 1906. *Rosenthal, Abraham. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Beth Israel, Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1903. Rothstein, Leonard Julius. Rabbi (since 1904) of Congrega- tion B'nai Israel, Kalamazoo, Mich. Born October 1, 1880, in Poland. Son of Isaac Rothstein and Yetta Rosenberg. Educated at the Cincinnati public and high schools; Hebrew Union College (B. H., 1900; Rabbi, 1904); and University of Cincinnati (B. A., 1904). Officiated temporarily at Jefferson City, Mo.; Anniston, Ala.; and Binghamton, N. Y. Address: 420 North 5th, Cincin- nati, Ohio. *Ruppin, Louis. Elected Rabbi of Congregation Bene Abraham, Portsmouth, O., in 1903. Schaffer, Schepschel. Rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel, Baltimore, Md. Born May 4, 1862, at Bausk, Courland, Russia. Son of Aaron Schaffer and Taube Jaffe. Educated at the Gymna- sium of Libau, Courland. Studied at University of Berlin, and the Rabbinical Seminary, Berlin. Ph. D., 1888, University of Leipzig; Rabbinical authorization conferred, 1889, by the Rab- binical Seminary, Berlin, and by Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Spector, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 223

Kovno. Married Anna Lapidusson. President Baltimore Zion Association. Author: Das Recht und seine Stellung zur Moral nach Talmudischer Sitten- und Rechtslehre, 1889. Address: 2566 McCulloh, Baltimore, Md. Scheinman, Jacob Hirsh. Rabbi (since 1903) of Congregation Beth David, Detroit, Mich. Born May 12, 1844, at Saane, Russian Poland. Son of Israel L. Scheinman and Hannah Franklin. Rab- binical authorization conferred, 1859, by Rabbi Isaac Avigdor, Kovno; Rabbi Margolius, Kalvaria; Rabbi Lipsitz, Suwalk; and Rabbi Moses Bezalel Luria, Saane. Married Rebeccah Komi- sarsky. Rabbi for twenty years at Saane; also at Chicago, 111.; Pittsburg, Pa.; Norwich, Conn.; and Brooklyn, N. Y. Address: 313 East Montcalm, Detroit, Mich. Schlager, Simon. Cantor (since 1904) of Temple Emanu-El, New York City. Born May 1, 1869, at Cracow, Galicia. Son of David Schlager and Rosa Ree. Studied at National Conservatory of Music, New York. Married Sally Wachsteter. Was Cantor for two years at Temple Beth Zion, Buffalo, N. Y.; for five years of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, Newark, N. J.; and for two years of Congregation Oheb Sholem, Newark, N. J. Address: 25-33 East 99th, New York. *Schorr, Saul. Elected Rabbi of the Congregation House of Israel, Sharon, Pa. *Schwanenfeld, J. S. Elected Cantor of Baltimore Hebrew Con- gregation, Baltimore, Md. Sessler, Morris. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Israel, Jones- boro, Ark. Born August 16, 1850, at Freistadt a/d. Waag, Hun- gary. Son of David Sessler and Josephine Weiss. Studied at Pressburg, Budapest, Vienna, and University of Pennsylvania (B. A., 1876). Married Louisa Cahn (deceased). Has held posi- tions in Alexandria, Va.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Providence, R. I.; and New Orleans, La. Address: Jonesboro, Ark. Silber, Mendel. Rabbi (since 1904) of Temple Emanuel, Du- luth, Minn. Born December 10, 1882, in Lithuania, Russia. Son of Jacob Silber and Esther Mipoz. Studied at Talmudical Col- leges in Russia; at Gymnasium, Frankfort on the Main, 1895-1900; B. A., 1904, University of Cincinnati; Rabbi, 1904, Hebrew Union College. Officiated at Temple Emanuel, Duluth, 1902; rabbi of Congregation Ahavath Achim, Cincinnati, O., 1902-1904. Contrib- uted articles, 1902-1903, to the Hebrew Union College Journal, of 224 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

which he was co-editor; and Hebrew Union College Annual, 1904, of which he is assistant editor. Ready for publication: Elijah Gaon of Wilna. Address: Duluth, Minn. *Silverman, Maurice. Elected Cantor of Congregation Sons of Jacob, Salem, Mass., in 1904. Simon, Abram. Rabbi of Temple Israel, Omaha, Neb., and Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, Lincoln, Neb., elected Rabbi of the Washington (D. C.) Hebrew Congregation, in 1904. Solomon, Elias Louis. Rabbi of Congregation Beth Mordecai, Perth Amboy, N. J. Born May, 1879, at Wilna, Russia. Son of Jacob Solomon and Helen Frankfurt. Educated at Hebrew School. Jerusalem; Machzikei Talmud Torah, New York; Jewish Theo- logical Seminary of America (Rabbi, 1904); New York public schools; College City of New York (A. B., 1900); and Columbia University. Spent childhood in Jerusalem. One of the founders and now serving second term as president of the Jewish Endeavor Society of America. Rabbinical dissertation: The Halachic Con- ception of Minhag and its Application in Rabbinical Law. Ad- dress: 213 East Broadway, New York. Spiegel, Adolph. Rabbi of Congregation Shaari Zedek, New York City, elected Rabbi of Congregation Etz Haim of Yorkville, New York, in 1904. *Stern, Jacob Ludwig. Resigns from Be'er Chayim Congrega- tion, Cumberland, Md., July, 1904. Stern, Nathan. Rabbi, since 1904, of The Hebrew Congregation of Marion, Ind., "and of Congregation Rodef Sholom, Wabash, Ind. Born February 12, 1878, New York City. Son of Julius Stern and Jeanette Young. Educated at the public schools of New York, and Halsey's Collegiate School, New York. B. A., 1898; M. A., 1899; Ph.D., 1901, Columbia University. Studied also at St. John's College, Cambridge, Eng. Rabbinical education at Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and Hebrew Union College (Rabbi, 1904). Author: The Jewish Historico-Critical School of the Nineteenth Century. Address: Marion, or Wabash, Ind. Stollnitz, Henry Sande. Rabbi of Congregation Adath Emuno, Hoboken, N. J., elected Rabbi of Congregation Beth El, Corsicana, Texas, 1903. Address: P. O. Box, 474, Corsicana, Tex. Taubenhaus, Godfrey. Rabbi of Congregation Shaarey Zedek, Brooklyn. Born in 1856, at Warsaw, Poland. Son of Benjamin BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 225

Taubenhaus and Esther Danziger. Educated in Warsaw under Rabbi Samuel Hirsh; at Berlin under Dr. Kirstein and Professor Dr. Ludwig Geiger; also attended Eger Institute, and the Rab- binical Seminary, Berlin, and pursued a course in philosophy at the University of Berlin. Married Carrie Strauss. Held posi- tions as Rabbi in Paducah, Ky.; Dayton, Ohio; Sacramento, Cal.; Brooklyn and New York, N. Y. Organized benevolent societies in Paducah, Ky., and Dayton, Ohio; was grand president Order Kesher Shel Barzel, in California; introduced Sabbath afternoon services in the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum; was instrumental in the establishment of the Brownsville Kindergarten under the Council of Jewish Women, the nucleus of the Educational Society. Author: A paper on Judaism in The Church of America; Echoes of Wisdom (Talmudic sayings with classical parallels); Hints on General History; The Jew in Politics; Milat Gerim, etc. Revised ninth volume of Rodkinson's Talmud. Address: 1195 Boston Road, Bronx, New York. Warsaw, Isidor. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth Te- filloh, Brunswick, Ga., in 1904. Weinstock, Isidore H. Cantor (since 1901) of K. K. Bene Yeshurun, Cincinnati, 0. Born 1871, at Yanova, Russian Poland. Son of Hersch Isaac Weinstock and Rebecca Leah Glouzer. Studied at various Talmudical Colleges in Poland; music under Draginsky in Warsaw, and in conservatories in New York and Cincinnati. Pursued a two years course in theory of music at the University of Pennsylvania. Cantor in Congregation Beth Israel, Philadel- phia, 1897; Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, New York, 1900. Com- poser: The Prayer of the Repentant (solo for Atonement Day). Address: 731 West 8th, Cincinnati, Ohio. Weiss, Louis. Resigns as Rabbi of Congregation Beth Israel, Palestine, Tex., in 1904. Wolf, Nathan. Rabbi of Congregation Adath Emuno, Hoboken, N. J. Born March 8, 1877, at Angelthuern, Baden. Son of Bern- hard Wolf and Hannah Brettenheimer. Ph. B., 1900, New York University; M. A., 1902, Columbia University; Rabbi, 1902, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Was teacher at Educational Alliance, New York; superintendent Monteflore Hebrew School, New York. Address: 710 Bloomfleld, Hoboken, N. J. *Yasgour, Louis. Rabbi of Congregation Brethren of Israel, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.( elected Rabbi of Congregation Kneseth Is- rael, Birmingham, Ala., in 1903. 226 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

The Secretaries or other officers of the National Organizations, including the branches of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, were requested to compile an account of the work done by their re- spective associations during 1903-04 (5664), for publication in the present issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. The accounts compiled from the newspaper clippings and printed reports sent by some in response to the request are marked with an aster- isk (*). A dagger (f) indicates those taken from any available source in the absence of an official response.

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE BALTIMORE BRANCH The Baltimore Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle sent the Central Committee at Paris its annual remittance of $250.00. The membership of the Branch is 139. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: President, Dr. Harry Frie- denwald; Vice-President, Simon Dalsheimer; Treasurer, Wm. Levy; Secretary, B. H. Hartogensis, 204 North Cal- vert, Baltimore, Md.; Reverends A. Guttmacher, Wm. Rosenau, Chas. A. Rubenstein, H. W. Schneeberger, and A. Kaiser; Isaac Davidson, Silas M. Fleischer, Louis J. Cohen, T. Silberman, Dr. Jos. Blum, Z. Hofheimer, M. S. Levy, L. Kaufman, J. Rotholtz, L. Schiff, Benj. Cohen, Jonas Hamburger, and Louis B. Kohn. HONORARY DIRECTORS: Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, and Dr. A. B. Arnold (deceased).

BOSTON BRANCH No report received. President, Godfrey Morse; Secretary, Philip Rubinstein, 30 Court.

ELMIRA BRANCH At the instance of Benjamin F. Levy an Elmira Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle was organized in January, 1904, with a membership of over sixty. ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE

This branch, besides making remittance to the Paris headquarters, provides for an emergency fund. On April 7, 1904, a public meeting was held by the Alliance Israelite at the High St. Temple to protest against the Lodge immigration amendments, in which it was provided that only a citizen of this country can be instrumental in bringing to this country other persons from abroad. The outcome of the meeting was that Mr. Levy communicated with Senator Lodge, pointing out to him the obvious injustice of such a measure. At a meeting held on May 22, 1904, the Elmira Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle adopted resolutions calling on this Government to obtain from Russia such uniformity of treatment and protection as may tend to secure the honoring of American passports by the Rus- sian Government, irrespective of the religious faith of their holders. OFFICERS: President, Benjamin F. Levy; Vice-Presi- dents, Harris Levine and S. J. Friendly; Treasurer, F. Lande; Secretary, Jonas Jacobs, M. D. HOBOKEN BRANCH Through the instrumentality of Andrew Vogel an Alliance Israelite Universelle organization meeting was held on May 25, 1904, at Hoboken, N. J. OFFICERS: President, Asher Cohen Fisher; Treasurer, the Rev. Nathan Wolf; Recording Secretary, Jacob Sha- piro; Corresponding Secretary, Andrew Vogel, 316 Second. JERSEY CITY BRANCH On January 3, 1904, Nissim Bfihar, American Representative of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, assisted by the Sec- retary, Abraham H. Simon, organized a Jersey City Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, with a mem- bership of about fifty. A public meeting was held March 27, 1904, to protest against Russia's discrimination against American citizens of the Jewish faith, and to acquaint the public with the persecutions Jews endure in Russia. Congressmen McDermott and Benny of New Jersey, Ferdinand Levy, Grand Master of the Independent Order Sons of Benjamin, and a number of other prominent persons addressed let- ters to the meeting endorsing the movement, and express- ing sympathy with the persecuted Jews. Among the speakers were Representative Goldfogle of New York, ex-Mayor Hoos, Assistant Corporation Attor- ney Goldenhorn, and others. 228 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The meeting adopted resolutions pledging assistance to the Alliance in its efforts for the betterment of the con- dition of Jews, and calling upon the Government to use its influence to induce the Government of Russia to with- draw its discrimination against American citizens of the Jewish faith. OFFICERS: President, Ignatz Hyman; Vice-Presidents, H. Babchin and A. J. Goldstein; Treasurer, S. Kleinhaus; Secretary, Dr. B. J. Pollok, 241 Grove, Jersey City, N. J.

PHILADELPHIA BRANCH A draft of Fr. 2571.85 was sent to Paris, the income derived by the Philadelphia Branch from the Federation of Jew- ish Charities of the city. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.—President, Moses A. Dropsie; Vice-President, D. Sulzberger; Treasurer, A. M. Frechie; Secretary, Horace A. Nathans (deceased); David Teller, Raphael Brunswick, A. M. Kohn, Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow (deceased), Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Isaac Rosskam, Levi Mayer, Louis Gerstley, and J. I. Burnstine.

NEW YORK BRANCH A public meeting was held by the New York Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle on February 17, 1904, in the Educational Alliance, presided over by President Louis Marshall, for the purpose of denouncing the atti- tude of Russia in refusing to admit American citizens of Jewish faith provided with American passports; and also to protest against the proposed restriction of immi- gration. Among the speakers were Frank Moss, the Rev. H. Masliansky, and Jos. M. Baum, president of the Israelite Alliance of America. Mr. Marshall read a letter from the Department of State at Washington, D. C, addressed to the Israelite Alliance, stating that the Government of the United States had given instructions to its representatives in Persia and Morocco to use the good offices of the United States in favor of the inhabitants of Persia and Morocco who do not profess the dominant religion of those coun- tries. This step in the Government's policy was brought about by a series of letters exchanged between the Israel- ite Alliance of America and the Department of State. The propaganda carried on during the year by Mr. Nissim Bghar, the American Representative of the Alliance, was devoted to acquainting Jews living in AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY 229

towns in the vicinity of New York City with the aims and objects of the Alliance Israelite Universelle and in- ducing them to appoint standing committees in the vari- ous cities for the purpose of helping persecuted Jews. OFFICERS: President, Louis Marshall; Treasurer, A. S. Solomons; Secretary, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, 70 Cen- tral Park West, New York City; American Representative of the central body, Nissim Behar, 177 High, Brooklyn, N. Y.; American Secretary, S. P. Frank. WORCESTER BRANCH The Worcester Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle held a mass meeting December 13, 1903, to protest against Russia's discrimination against American passports and pass resolutions disapproving Senator Lodge's Bill, which seeks further to restrict immigration. Speakers at the meeting were Dr. Van Horn, a Protestant minister, and David A. Lourie, a director of the Boston Branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. Copies of resolutions protesting against the Lodge Bill and the passport situation were sent to President Roose- velt, to Secretary of State John Hay, and to members of Congress. The annual meeting was held April 3, 1904. The speak- ers were Dr. G. Stanley Hall, of Clark University; Rabbi Samuel Hirshberg, and David A. Lourie, of Boston. OFFICERS: President and Secretary, Bernard Wolko- wich, 193 Front; Vice-President, Max Feiga; Treasurer, L. Morell.

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY The Twelfth Annual Meeting of the American Jewish Histori- cal Society was held in New York City, March 20-21, 1904, after arrangements had been made to meet at Baltimore on Lincoln's Birthday, which were changed on account of the Baltimore fire. The first session was held Sunday evening the 20th, in the Vestry Rooms of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue. Dr. , President of the Society, was in the chair, and delivered the presidential annual address at the opening session. The Corresponding Secretary, Mr. Max J. Kohler, reported that the Society has on its rolls 237 members: 7 Honorary, 26 Corre- sponding, 3 Life, and 201 Regular Members. It lost 11 members during the year by death, resignation, and non-payment of dues, and 7 Regular Members and 1 Corresponding Member were elected during the same period. 15 230 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Professor Richard J. H. Gottheil, Treasurer, reported that the Society's receipts during the year ending October 1, 1903 (includ- ing a balance on hand October 1, 1902, of $1120.36), aggregated $1968.07, and its expenditures were $841.57, leaving a balance of $1126.50 besides a special fund of $2404.86. In addition to these amounts $1500 insurance money was collected by the Society, by reason of the destruction by fire of its " Publications " in Balti- more. Professor J. H. Hollander, Chairman of the Publication Com- mittee, reported that vol. 11 of the Society's " Publications " had just been issued and distributed, its appearance having been delayed by the fire aforementioned. Considerable additional material to make up a further volume was reported to be in the possession of the Committee. Mr. Leon Htihner, Curator, reported that arrangements had been completed with the Jewish Theological Seminary of America for storing the Society's " Collections " in the fire-proof building of that institution, a separate room having been set aside for the use of the Society. A resolution was adopted, directing the issuance of a circular to members and other friends of the Society, calling their attention to the fact that the Society was able properly to house such books, manuscripts, prints, medals, and other objects of historic interest, as persons interested might desire to entrust to it, and that in this way efforts might be made to enlarge its collections. The circular was also to call attention to the Society's desire to secure back volumes of its " Publications " by gift or otherwise, to replace the stock lost by fire. On recommendation of the Council of the Society, the following resolution was adopted: " That the American Jewish Historical Society views with favor proposals concerning the collection of statistical informa- tion concerning the Jews of America, and authorizes the appoint- ment of a committee to co-operate with other organizations having a like purpose." The President appointed, to constitute such committee, Pro- fessor J. H. Hollander, Chairman; Joseph Jacobs, Esq., and Professor Morris Loeb. A resolution was also adopted providing for the appointment of a Committee of five, to take up the subject of indexing Ameri- can Jewish periodicals, with power to add to their number. The President appointed, to constitute such committee, Max J. Kohler, Esq., Chairman; A. S. Freidus, Esq.; George A. Kohut, Esq.; Miss S. X. Schottenfels, and A. M. Friedenberg, Esq. The Committee subsequently added to its numbers Mr. Joseph Jacobs, Miss Hen- rietta Szold, and Mr. Julian Isaacs. AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY 231

An invitation to hold the next annual meeting of the Society in Cincinnati, Ohio, from the Honorable Julius Fleishman, Mayor of Cincinnati, was read and referred to the Executive Council for action. Necrologies of deceased members were read and submitted as follows: Of the Honorable Andrew H. Green, by the Honorable N. Taylor Phillips; of the Rev. Dr. M. Jastrow, by Miss Henrietta Szold, and of Horace A. Nathans, by David Sulzberger, Esq. The following papers were read: Wm. B. Hackenburg, Esq., Philadelphia: Outlines of a Plan to Gather Statistics Concerning the Jews of the United States. Rev. Alfred G. Moses, Mobile, Ala.: The History of the Jews of Mobile. I. S. Isaacs, Esq., New York: Edward Woolf, Musician and Author. Leon Huhner, Esq., New York' Isaac de Pinto. Honorable Myer S. Isaacs, New York: A Jewish Army Chaplain. J. D. Eisenstein, Esq., New York: Russian Jewish Immigrants in American Commerce and Industry. Albert M. Friedenberg, Esq., New York: Calendar of American Jewish Leading Cases. Rev. George A. Kohut, New York: Some Unknown American Jewish Authors (mostly from manuscript sources). Max J. Kohler, Esq., New York: Judah P. Benjamin, American Jewry's Most Distinguished Statesman, Orator, and Lawyer. Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, Philadelphia: The Banishment of Jews from the Island of St. Eustatius (W. I.) in 1781. Leon Huhner, Esq., New York: Naturalization of Jews in New York under the Act of 1740. Elkan Adler, Esq., Lonaon, England: The Inquisition in Peru. Dr. Cyrus Adler, Washington, D. C: Further Documents Con- cerning the Mexican Inquisition. Also the following, which were read by title: Albert M. Friedenberg, Esq., New York: The Jews of Per- nambuco. Leon Huhner, Esq., New York: The Struggle for Religious Liberty in North Carolina with Special Reference to the Jews. Max J. Kohler, Esq., New York: Phases in the History of Religious Liberty in America with Particular Reference to the Jews. Rev. George A. Kohut, New York: Two Autograph Letters: (a) A Letter from the Rev. Gershom Mendes Seixas to his Brother, 1790; (b) A Circular Appeal from S. H. Jackson, Editor of The Jew, dated 1823, on behalf of his Periodical. Unpublished Letters which Passed between Ezra Stiles and Rabbi Carregal. 232 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Joseph Lebowich, Esq., Cambridge, Mass.: The Jews in Boston till 1875; Leopold Morse. Mrs. Helen Wise Molony, Cincinnati: A Simile—A Poem con- tributed by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to The American Israelite, April 26, 1861. Henry Necarsulmer, Esq., New York: Disenfranchisement of the Jews of New York in 1737. Sol. M. Stroock, Esq., New York: American Jews in China and Japan. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL: President, Dr. Cyrus Adler; Vice-Presidents, Honorable Simon W. Rosendale, Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Professor Charles Gross, Professor Richard J. H. Gottheil; Corresponding Secretary, Max J. Kohler, Esq., 119 Nas- sau, New York City; Recording Secretary, Dr. Herbert Frieden- wald; Treasurer, Honorable N. Taylor Phillips; Curator, Leon Hiihner, Esq.; Honorable Mayer Sulzberger, Professor Morris Jastrow, Jr., Honorable Simon Wolf, Professor J. H. Hollander, John Samuel, Esq., the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, the Rev. Henry Cohen, Professor Morris Loeb, Honorable Myer S. Isaacs (de- ceased); also, Honorable Oscar S. Straus, ex oflicio, as Past President of the Society.

BARON DE HIRSCH FUND During 1903-1904 the Baron de Hirsch Fund Committee con- tinued its fourfold work: I. Reception of immigrants; II. English education; III. Mechanical education; IV. Productive work in its agricultural and industrial department, with its leading educa- tional feature, the Woodbine Agricultural and Industrial School. (For a full description see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 5663, pp. 90-96.) MECHANICAL EDUCATION During 1903 there were graduated 195 students at the Baron de Hirsh Trade School, New York City, and in July, 1904, 98, mak- ing a total of 1083 since the establishment of the school in 1890. In the last class graduated, 26 students completed the course in the electrical department; 24 in the plumbing department; 18 in the machinist department; 10 in the sign painting depart- ment; 7 in the carpenter department; 7 in the patternmaking de- partment; and 6 in the house and fresco painting department. The weekly average of the wages received immediately after graduation by the 351 graduates of the last four classes but one is $7.29. Advisory Committee: Alfred R. Wolff, chairman; Charles B. Meyers, A. S. Solomons, J. Ernest G. Yalden, and Julian Isaacs. BARON DB HlRSCH FUND

(For Curriculum, etc., see AMERICAN JEWISH YEAS BOOK, 5664, p. 115.) WOODBINE The year 1903 was an important year for Woodbine, New Jersey. It found it a settlement in the Township of Dennis: it left it a Borough in the County of Cape May, and the year 1904 witnessed a growth unparalleled in the history of the settlement. During 1903-1904, 20 houses were built in the town, making a total of 226. Only 13 of these belong to the Baron de Hirsch Fund. Eighteen are rented, and the balance, over 85 per cent, are occupied by the owners. The total estimated cost of these houses is $200,000, of which amount more than one-third has been paid by the owners. Bach house is surrounded by a garden and a lawn; and some are covered with ivy, grapes, or rambler roses. The Borough of Woodbine celebrated, in a fitting manner, the tenth anniversary of its birth by passing an ordinance providing for the building of a Central School House at a cost of $15,000. It will have a large hall for dancing and social entertainments of all sorts, and two smaller rooms for the social work of Debat- ing Clubs, Reading Circles, etc., together with recreation grounds, equipped with tennis courts, base ball grounds, etc. There are also among the organizations doing excellent social work a Girls' Club, a Mothers' Club, and Reading Circles. The school house when completed in November, 1904, will be the only High School within a radius of sixteen miles. Besides the Central School there are at present in the Borough of Woodbine five school houses, with an aggregate of thirteen rooms, an enrollment of 413 pupils, and an average daily attendance of 388. Also a night school, with an enrollment of 55, and a kindergarten are maintained by the Board of Education. The number of graduates from the public schools was 16, 30 per cent of the total number in Cape May County, with its 15,000 inhabitants as against Woodbine's 2500. The Borough of Woodbine now has two synagogues, one a large brick building, the other a frame building recently purchased from a Christian congregation. Rabbi B. L. Levinthal, of Phila- delphia, has been elected Chief Rabbi of Woodbine, and a house has been built for him to serve as his summer residence. The majority of the residents are employed in the industrial establishments of Daniel and Blumenthal, which employs 200 hands; the Quaker City Knitting Company, employing 115 hands; Ingber and Wertheimer, manufacturers of ladies' garments, 50 hands; the M. L. Bayard Machine Shop, 26 hands; The Wood- bine Beef and Storage Company, 13 hands; Paper Box Factory, 7 hands; Woodbine Cigar Company, 6 hands; Stone Brothers and Company, Ladies' Garments, 6 hands; Soap Manufacturing Com- pany, 5 hands, and Hat Factory, 40 hands; making a total of 468 234 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK hands, who earn an average of $8.00 per week, $1.50 per week more than the average earnings of factory employees in the United States, as computed in the Annual Report for 1903 of the United States Commissioner of Labor. The total pay roll of the Woodbine industries for 1903 was $176,036.36. At a recent election, Professor H. L. Sabsovich was re-elected mayor of the borough for the ensuing two years. There are at present 42 farmers in Woodbine. One of them realized $324.72, and several $125 and more, after paying all run- ning expenses during the past year. THE BAEON DE HIESCH AGKICULTUEAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL During 1903-1904, 182 pupils were enrolled in the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural and Industrial School. Fifty-five were gradu- ated, 15 left the school before graduation, and 112 are at present at the school. The average age of the pupils in 1903 was 17.1; in 1902, it was 16.4; in 1901, 16.1, and in 1900,15.6. The status of the pupils in 1903 was as follows: orphans, 10; half-orphans, 28; with parents in Austria, 1; with parents in Roumania, 6; with parents in Russia, 17; with parents in the United States, 78. All but one are free pupils, and they are receiving tuition, room, board, cloth- ing, etc., during the entire term. The school has a dormitory with a capacity of 100; a teachers' cottage; a dining hall; a kitchen; a hospital, and other buildings, such as silos, barns, seed stores, blacksmithshop, two greenhouses, hot beds, etc. The school owns a herd of 23 cows, 2 bulls, 10 horses, 29 acres of orchards, 4 acres of nurseries, 4.5 acres of grapes, 4.5 acres of small fruit, and about 600 fowls. The pupils of the school have organized the De Hirsch Literary and Debating Society, the Davidsonian Club, four football teams, two baseball teams, and a volunteer fire company. (For further particulars regarding Woodbine and The Baron de Hirsch Agricultural and Industrial School, see AMEEICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK, 5664, pp. 115-116.) TEUSTEES.—Acting President, Eugene S. Benjamin, New York; Vice-President, Jacob H. Schiff, New York; Treasurer, Emanuel Lehman, New York; Honorary Secretary, Nathan Bijur, New York; Henry Rice, New York; Abraham Abraham, Brooklyn; William B. Hackenburg, Philadelphia; Mayer Sulzberger, Phila- delphia; Julius Goldman, New York (vice Myer S. Isaacs, de- ceased) ; Acting General Agent, Emanuel Marx, 45 Broadway, New York City; Superintendent Agricultural School, Professor H. L. Sabsovich. Chairman of the Philadelphia Committee, William B. Hacken- burg; Chairman of the Baltimore Committee, Moses Pels; Chair- CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS 235 man of the St. Louis Committee, Elias Michael; Chairman of the Boston Committee, Ferdinand Strauss. The Fund co-operates in other cities with existing societies when circumstances warrant.

THE CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS The Fifteenth Annual Convention of the Central Conference of American Rabbis was held June 26-30, 1904, at Louisville, Ky. Fifty-eight Rabbis were in attendance. The Treasurer reported the receipts for the year to be $6288.61; expenditures, $4094.18; amount in treasury, $13,021.00. The Publication Committee reported the sale of 4812 volumes of the , 97 copies of the Mourner's Service, and 1613 copies of the Union Hymnal. During the year 8 congregations adopted the Union Prayer Book, and the Book is now in use in 183 congregations. The following papers were read: " and the Recent Jewish Immigrant," by Rabbi A. Hirschberg. " A Proposed Change in the Selection of Weekly Portions of Scriptures," by Rabbi M. H. Harris. " Some Jewish Questions of the Day," by Rabbi B. Felsenthal. " Religious Conditions in Scattered Communities," by Rabbi G. Zepin. " Life of Sulzer," by Rabbi A. Guttman. " Sulzer's Music," by the Rev. A. Kaiser. The following Committees submitted reports: " Contemporaneous History," Professor G. Deutsch. " Seder Haggadah," Rabbi H. Berkowitz. " On Synod," Rabbi H. G. Enelow. The Conference Sermon was delivered by the Rev. Dr. D. Philipson, Cincinnati. Cleveland was chosen for the next Annual Convention, on June 27, 1905. The Bloch Publishing Co., of New York, was chosen to be the Sole Agent of all the Publications of the Conference. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE BOARD.—Honorary President, K. Koh- ler, Cincinnati, O.; President, J. Krauskopf, Philadelphia; First Vice-President, J. Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Second Vice-President, J. Voorsanger, San Francisco, Cal.; Treasurer, Chas. Levi, Peoria, 111.; Recording Secretary, A. Guttmacher, Bolton and Newington Avs., Baltimore, Md.; Corresponding Secretary, Wm. Rosenau, 825 Newington Av., Baltimore, Md.; H. G. Enelow, Louisville, Ky.; L. M. Franklin, Detroit, Mich.; L. Grossmann, Cincinnati, O.; M. L. Margolis, San Francisco, Cal.; D. Philipson, Cincinnati, O.; 236 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

M. Samfield, Memphis Tenn.; T. Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.; J. SUverman, New York City. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS.—J. Stolz, I. S. Moses, J. Silverman. TRUSTEES or MINISTERS' FUND.—J. Krauskopf, M. H. Harris, R. Grossmann.

COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN The work of the Council of Jewish Women during 5664 was pursued along the lines laid down at the Third Biennial Conven- tion of December, 1902. NEW SECTIONS.—During the year four new Sections were organ- ized, at Baton Rouge, La.; Lexington, Ky.; Macon, Ga.; and St. Francisville, La., making sixty-eight Sections in all. JUNIOR SECTIONS.—The number of Junior Sections is sixteen at Boston, Mass.; Bradford, Pa.; Chicago, 111.; Cincinnati, O. Dayton, O.; Denver, Colo.; Elmira, N. Y.; Greenville, Miss. Kansas City, Mo.; Louisville, Ky.; New York City; San Fran- cisco, Cal.; Shreveport, La.; Sioux City, la.; Toronto, Can.; and Washington, D. C. They include a membership of six hundred, and sustain twenty-one Study Circles, all studying Jewish history, Jewish literature, and the Bible. Five circles report Religious School work, Settlement work, and an Industrial School. The Louisville Junior Section held a public Seder in the Temple. NEW ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS.—The Boston Section fur- nishes a Probation officer for Juvenile Court work; the Cincinnati Section has been active in securing the passage of a Juvenile Court Law in Ohio; the New York City Section is prosecuting vigorous rescue and preventive work among Jewish girls, main- taining a teacher of religion at the Bedford Reformatory for Women and at the House of Refuge on Randall's Island, and a paid worker in the Juvenile Court and the Police Court, who looks after girls and women and gives especial attention to un- married mothers; through the Baron de Hirsch Fund Committee it has secured the appointment of a woman to be stationed at Ellis Island for the- purpose of meeting, guarding, and serving immigrant women and girls; the Philadelphia Section has opened and is maintaining an Industrial Home for Girls, which was established and equipped by Mrs. Kirschbaum and her family; the Portland (Ore.) Section has erected a building, and main- tains a Manual Training School, which has developed from a small class. In general, the Sections are engaging most vigor- ously in Rescue and Preventive Work for Girls. The Council has co-operated with the Exposition Traveller's Aid Committee formed for the protection of girls stranded or in danger at St. Louis. EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE 237

PUBLICATIONS.—1. "Program, 1904" (containing the reports of the Committees on Religion, on Philanthropy, on Religious Schools, on Reciprocity, and on Junior Sections); 2. "Organiza- tion Leaflet." The Third Quinquennial Meeting of the International Congress of Women, held in June at Berlin, was attended by Mrs. Henry Solomon, the President of the Council of Jewish Women, as alternate to one of the delegates of the Council of Women of the United States, and Miss American, the Corresponding Secretary of the Council of Jewish Women, spoke before the International Congress on " The Juvenile Court." At London, on June 2, a meeting of the Jewish Study Society was convened at the house of its President, Mrs. Henry Lucas, to greet Mrs. Solomon and Miss American. In Berlin, on June 15, Mrs. Solomon and Miss American were among the speakers who addressed a meeting that had been called to deliberate upon the formation of a " Jiidischer Frauenbund," and on June 20, Miss American ex- plained the aims and activities of the Council of Jewish Women to a Convention of the " Verband fur jiidische Wohlthatigkeits- pflege." OFFICERS AND DIEECTOES.—President, Hannah G. Solomon (Mrs. Henry), 4406 Michigan Av., Chicago, 111.; First Vice-President, Pauline H. Rosenberg (Mrs. Hugo), Allegheny, Pa.; Second Vice- President, Mrs. Moses Goldenberg, Baltimore, Md.; Recording Secretary, Gertrude Berg, Philadelphia, Pa.; Corresponding Secre- tary, Sadie American, 448 Central Park West, New York City; Treasurer, Rebecca Judah (Mrs. J. B.), 639 Fifth, Louisville, Ky.; Auditor, Mrs. Ben Lowenstein, Cincinnati, O. Directors (1903-1909): Mrs. Eli Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. M. Lands- berg, Rochester, N. Y.; Mrs. M. C. Sloss, San Francisco, Cal.; Mrs. M. Schwab, Cleveland, O.; Mrs. Seraphine Pisko, Denver, Colo. Those holding over (1900-1906) are: Miss Mary Cohen, Phila- delphia, Pa.; Miss Jeannette Goldberg, Jefferson, Texas; Mrs. Joseph Ransohoff, Cincinnati, O. To fill unexpired terms: Mrs. Jacob Hecht, Boston, Mass.; Mrs. Melida Pappe, Sioux City, Iowa. CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES.—On Religion, Miss Evelyn Kate Aronson, 1348 Geary, San Francisco, Cal.; on Philanthropy, Miss Rose Sommerfeld, 225 East Sixty-third, New York, N. Y.; on Junior Sections, Miss Jeannette Goldberg, Jefferson, Texas; on Religious Schools, Mrs. Joseph Steinem, 119 Fifteenth, Toledo, O.; on Reciprocity, Miss Mary Cohen, 1922 Rittenhouse, Phila- delphia, Pa.

* EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE The Educational League for the Higher Education of Orphans with headquarters in Cleveland, O., was organized in 1896, and its 16 238 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK first annual meeting was held in July, 1897. On June 30, 1903, it counted 1218 members, chiefly girls and boys, living in 58 towns, in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Min- nesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin, and one member each in Canada and Germany. Among the members are 5 Honorary Life Members, 127 Patron Members, and 1086 Con- tributing Members. The chief purpose of the Educational League is to give talented young men and young women a chance to develop their powers. The benefits of the organization are restricted to orphans. As- sistance has been given to seven young men and one young woman; two students of medicine, one of whom is now a practi- cing physician; two art students, one of whom is doing newspaper work; one is studying for the ministry; one is a student of den- tistry; one is studying music, and one student of science, who has returned the loan made to him. In connection with the Educational League, local " Sunshine Clubs " have been organized among the members, for the purpose of inculcating the idea of " personal service," and emphasizing " the underlying thought of the League, that it is a work of children for children." A plan for awarding scholarships in art and technical schools is now being held under consideration. The balance in the treasury on December 16, 1903, was $5989.69. The Eighth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors was held July 11, 1904, at Cleveland, O. During the year one of the League's beneficiaries was graduated from a well-known medical college with the highest honors of his class. Several additional applications were received by the Board, one from Illinois, in behalf of a young woman desirous of securing a Normal School course to fit her for Kindergarten work, another from Indiana, in behalf of a young woman desiring to become a teacher of science, and a third from Ohio, in behalf of a young man who wishes to pursue a course at college. The first two were acted upon favor- ably, the last was referred to a local board for consideration. Increased membership was reported from ten towns. OFFICERS AND BOARD OF GOVERNORS.—President, Rabbi Moses J. Gries, Cleveland, O.; Vice-President, S. Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; Treasurer, Dr. S. Wolfenstein, Cleveland, O.; Acting Secre- tary, F. H. Jones (Address: Educational League, Cleveland, O.); Selma Altheimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Myrtle Baer, Milwaukee, Wis.; Alfred J. Benesh, Cleveland, Ohio; Mrs. Rosalie Cohen, Colum- bus, Ohio; Nathan Cohn, Nashville, Tenn.; Rabbi Leo M. Frank- lin, Detroit, Mich.; Philip W. Frey, Evansville, Ind.; Isaac G. FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 239

Haas, Cleveland, Ohio; M. Heyman, New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Michael Heller, Cleveland, Ohio; Henry Greenebaum, Chicago, 111.; Simon Greenebaum, Cincinnati, Ohio; Minnie Halle, Cleve- land, Ohio; Sol S. Kiser, Indianapolis, Ind.; Louis S. Levi, Cincinnati, Ohio; Rabbi Leo Mannheimer, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, Ohio; Beatrice Moss, Cleveland, Ohio; Emil Nathan, Memphis, Tenn.; Mrs. Jacob Ottenheimer, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sidney Pritz, Cincinnati, Ohio; Bertha Rosen- feld, Cleveland, Ohio; Anna Roth, Toledo, Ohio; Rabbi Isaac L. Rypins, St. Paul, Minn.; Rabbi Tobias Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.; Helen H. Schwab, St. Louis, Mo.; Rabbi Abram Simon, Washing- ton, D. C; Sidney Stearn, Cleveland, Ohio; E. F. Westheimer, St. Joseph, Mo.; Rabbi Louis Wolsey, Little Rock, Ark.

FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS The Seventh Annual Convention of the Federation of Ameri- can Zionists was held June 3-7, 1904, at Germania Hall, Cleve- land, O. The Convention was noteworthy not only for the repe- tition of the enthusiasm referred to in last year's report, but for an increase in the delegation. The Credentials Committee re- ported 188 delegates as being present. Owing to the illness of Professor Richard Gottheil, Mr. G. H. Mayer, Eastern Vice-Presi- dent, presided, occasionally resigning the chair to Mr. Leon Zolotkoff, Western Vice-President. A long message from Dr. Herzl on the East African question and the presidential address of Professor Gottheil were read, the latter followed by a vote of thanks acknowledging his services as President of the Federation. It was also resolved to record Professor Gottheil's name in the Golden Book of the National Fund. The Executive Council report showed that 308 organizations are regularly and completely affiliated with the Federation, 65 of them under the control of the Order Knights of Zion; the net gain of new organizations during the year was 102 societies. The report showed in much detail the changes in figures that had taken place in the number of organizations, and described the effects of the Constitution passed last year, creating the local councils, of which there are now nine. The income from all sources was $6339.68, the balance in hand being $497.96. The Shekel Day receipts equalled payment for 7356 shekel payers, which, together with the regular payment of shekel taxes, brought the total up to 14,000 shekel payers; and the real membership of the movement in America to about 21,000 members. The report further showed the receipts on account of the National Fund to be a considerable gain on last year, and the sale of 802 Jewish 240 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Colonial Trust shares also a gain on last year's sales; payments on Golden Book entries amounted to more than twice the amount remitted on the same account last year. It was further shown that there had been a considerable advance in the general work of organization and the establishment of centres and Zion Homes, of which there are now four, in Pittsburg, Baltimore, Philadel- phia, and Cleveland. The Committee on Education reported on the enlistment of 700 boys in the ranks of the Jewish Boys' Brigade, and the Com- mittee on Organization on the grouping of the orthodox element into a " Mizrachi." The Board of Deputies reported in detail on the work of the various councils, and the Convention itself carried out its work by means of sectional conferences. The other features of the Convention were the reading of the roll of all Zionists throughout the country who had died during the previous year; and the fur- ther amendment of the Constitution, providing: (a) for the re- naming of the Executive Council as Executive Committee; (b) for the enlargement of the Executive Committee; (c) for the regula- tion of the number and election of the members; (d) for the crea- tion of departmental chairmanships, including a chairmanship for women's organizations; (e) for the denning of the work of every officer of the organization; (f) for the defining of the work of local councils, districts, and territorial boards, and of the Board of Deputies; (g) for the issue of a membership card to every member of the movement and of certificates of membership to each organization. Through the various conferences resolutions were brought in and approved for the founding of a Yiddish magazine, for the development of the work of the " Mizrachi," for the establish- ment of Hebrew classes and a system of tuition for Jewish chil- dren, and for the general supervision of the education of Jewish children throughout the country. It should be added that this last phase of Zionist work attracted considerable attention, far more than had been accorded it in any previous year. One session of the Convention was given over to a paper by Dr. Maurice Pishberg, of New York City, on " Physical Culture and the Jews," and a presentation of views by Mr. Joseph SefC on Removal Work. A meeting was held of the stockholders of the Maccabsean Pub- lishing Company, at which the Directors reported considerable advance in the position of the Company. The Convention declined to discuss the East African project, but authorized the convening of a special Convention, if neces- sary, for the discussion of that issue when the Special Commis- FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS 241 sion sent to investigate the East African domain shall have re- ported. In connection with this action the Convention renewed its pledges of loyalty to the leaders of the movement, expressed its satisfaction with the administration of Dr. Herzl, and recom- mended various steps for the regulation of the business of future Congresses. A large number of social functions were held in connection with the Convention, and the delegates acknowledged the hospitality of their Cleveland co-workers. When the news of Theodor Herzl's death reached this country, the President, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, issued a message to the Federation, and through the Secretary made a series of recom- mendations to the constituent organizations regarding the expres- sion of mourning. In obedience to these recommendations, the memory of the departed leader was honored by offerings at the synagogue on Sabbath, July 16; memorial meetings were held in many cities on Sunday, July 17; and memorial services (Hes- pedim) at the synagogues on the Ninth of Ab, Thursday, July 21. Also the whole month of Ab was observed as a period of mourn- ing by Zionist societies, and they countermanded all social affairs previously arranged for. OFFICERS.—President, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md.; Vice-President, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, New York City; Honorary Vice-Presidents, G. H. Mayer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jonas Gross, Cleveland, O.; Professor Richard Gottheil, New York City; George Tunkle, Augusta, Ga.; the Rev. Dr. Philip Klein, New York City; Leon Zolotkoff, Chicago, 111.; the Rev. Dr. Max Heller, New Orleans, La.; the Rev. Dr. A. M. Radin, New York City; Rabbi B. L. Levinthal, Philadelphia, Pa.; Rabbi A. M. Ashinsky, Pitts- burg, Pa.; the Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer, Baltimore, Md.; the Rev. Dr. B. Felsenthal, Chicago, 111.; Treasurer, E. W. Lewin-Epstein, New York City; Secretary, J. de Haas, 320 Broadway, New York City. CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES.—On Propaganda, Dr. D. Blaustein, New York City; on National Fund, L. D. Livingston, New York City; on Organization, L. Lipsky, New York City; on Education, A. H. Fromenson, New York City; on Women's Organizations, Miss E. Weinschenker, Chicago, 111. DIRECTORS.—C. W. London, Baltimore, Md.; I. Kahanowitz, Greensburg, Pa.; M. L. Avner, Pittsburg, Pa.; M. Neaman, Pitts- burg, Pa.; E. J. Bromberg, Boston, Mass.; H. H. Levenson, Bos- ton, Mass.; S. Abel, New York City; D. H. Lieberman, New York City; the Rev. S. Margolies, Cleveland, O.; J. H. Luria, New York City; P. P. Bregstone, Chicago, 111.; A. Kolinsky, Cleveland, O.; M. Rosenbaum, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. B. L. Singer, Phila- delphia, Pa.; the Rev. Dr. J. L. Magnes, Brooklyn, N. Y. 242 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

HEBREW SABBATH SCHOOL UNION OF AMERICA The Hebrew Sabbath School Union of America held no session during the past year. The next biennial meeting will be held in January, 1905. During the year it issued a series of Midrashic Leaflets, prepared by Rabbi Abraham Rhine, of Hot Springs, Ark. The Leaflets issued by the Union continue to be used in over a hundred schools throughout the country. Rabbi George Zepin, Director of Circuit Work for the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, has found them of great assistance in organizing Sabbath Schools in communities where none have existed hitherto. OFFICERS.—President, the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, 852 Lin- coln Av., Cincinnati, O.; Treasurer, Simon Greenebaum; Secre- tary, Jacob Ottenheimer, 533 Walnut, Cincinnati, O.; Assistant Secretary, S. H. Goldenson.

f INDEPENDENT ORDER AHAWAS ISRAEL No report received. Grand Secretary, L. Herman, Germania Bank Building, 190-194 Bowery, Rooms 207 and 211, New York City.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM The Eighteenth Annual Convention of the Independent Order Brith Abraham took place May 8, 1904, in New York City. According to the Report of the Grand Secretary, 31 new lodges had been formed during 1903, making the number of lodges 367; male lodges, 353; female lodges, 14; situated in 19 States and the District of Columbia. The number of members was 69,957; male members, 36,200; female members, 33,757. From the end of 1903, until the assembling of the Convention, three lodges more had been formed, and the membership had increased to 71,157. The membership of the female lodges is 1364. The Reserve Fund now stands at $168,506.40, the increase during 1903 having been $19,514.71. The receipts in the Endowment Fund and the Gen- eral Expense Fund amounted to $226,587.52, which with the balance on hand at the beginning of the year made the available funds, $236,470.35. The expenditures on account of the same Funds were $223,301.04, leaving on hand a balance of $13,169.31, ex- clusive of the Reserve Fund. The expenditures on account of the Endowment Fund were $203,150.00, in this sum being contained $199,000.00 for 398 death claims. The Age Fund stands at $9588.92. At the Convention 548 delegates were present, among them 8 female delegates. At the recommendation of the Grand Master, INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL 243 the constitution was amended so that the place of the next con- vention may be voted upon together with the balloting for officers. The action of the Executive Committee in voting $500 to the sufferers by the Baltimore fire was sanctioned. Appro- priations were voted to unfortunate members of the Order, and to the United Austrian Hebrew Charity Association, the Rouma- nian Hebrew Aid Association, and the Hebrew Immigrants Aid Association. It was decided to institute a per capita tax of 2y2 cents for the benefit of the National Jewish Hospital for Consump- tives, Denver, Colo. Voluntary subscriptions taken up during the Convention for the Hospital amounted to $606.00. During the year the lodges had disbursed $97,624 for sick benefits, funeral expenses, and assistance to the needy, $1500 had been sent to Kishineff, $785 to the Passaic flood victims, and $5240.58 had been given to the indigent of the Order. The next convention will be held at Boston, Mass. GBAND OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Herman Herschkowitz; First Deputy Grand Master, Joe Mann; Second Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Weiss; Grand Secretary, Jacob Schoen, 37 East 7th, New York City; Grand Treasurer Henry Kalchheim; Endowment Treasurer, Max Schwartz; Grand Messenger, Moses Gross; Coun- sel to the Order, Leop. Moschcowitz. CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES.—Finance, Jonas Hecht; Endowment, H. Mahler; Laws, Max Eckman; Appeals, M. L. Hollander; State of the Order, Herman Kaufman; Printing, Moritz Korn; Ritual, A

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL The Independent Order Free Sons of Israel was founded in 1849. The fundamental object of the organizers was to provide the family of a deceased member with a sufficient sum to relieve the immediate necessity of the family, insure proper burial of the deceased, and leave to the living members of the family a helpful sum. Equally fundamental was its second object, to spread " intelligence and enlightenment," and bring about the Americanization of the Jew. Though a majority of those who first sought membership had but a limited knowledge of the Eng- lish language, the Order prescribed that as soon as possible the proceedings of the lodges should be in the English language. And it likewise advocated at this early period the bringing into the lodge room of Jews from all countries. The Independent Order Free Sons of Israel is under the govern- ment of the Grand Lodge of the United States, a body that meets in general convention once every five years. Each lodge in the 244 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

United States is entitled to send a representative to the conven- tion, which selects the general officers and an executive committee. Furthermore the United States have been divided into two divi- sions; namely, District Grand Lodge No. 1 with headquarters in New York City, and District Grand Lodge No. 2, with head- quarters in the City of Chicago. These local divisions likewise have officers and an executive committee. They attend to the immediate needs of the lodges under their jurisdiction, with power to appeal, if need should arise, to the United States Grand Lodge. The policy of the Order is not to establish buildings of its own for the housing of the sick or needy, but to contribute toward such Jewish institutions as exist, whether they be maintained by local bodies in various cities or by another Order. The Order, for example, contributed $10,000 to the new Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. In the City of Chicago it owns a valuable burial ground, notwithstanding its contributions to the local charities. At present funds are being collected and plans being formed for the following: In New York City it is proposed to erect a "Free Sons of Israel Building" at a cost of $100,000, having meeting rooms, reception rooms, lecture rooms, general assembly rooms; a building in which local lodges may meet, concerts, lectures and entertainments be held, and in which members, friends, and visitors may be entertained. In Chicago funds are now being gathered for the erection of the new hospital by the Jewish citizens of Chicago. The Order now counts 107 lodges with an aggregate membership of 12,000. It has a Reserve Fund of $1,000,000, and has during the more than fifty years of its existence paid $4,000,000 to wid- ows, orphans, and other beneficiaries; during the same time the individual lodges of the Order have disbursed $3,165,000 for bene- fits and donations. The funds of the individual lodges at present aggregate $333,277.00. The Order pays an Endowment benefit of $1000.00 in case of the death of a member, and in addition pro- vides for its sick and maintains a Relief Fund for its needy. No members are taken into the Order except such as participate in the Endowment Fund. OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES GEAND LODGE AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—Grand Master, M. S. Stern, 2013 Fifth Av., New York City; First Deputy Grand Master, S. Hoffheimer; Second Deputy Grand Master, Adolph Finkenberg; Third Deputy Grand Master, Adolph Pike; Grand Treasurer, I. Frankenthaler; Chair- man Committee on Endowment, William A. Gans; Grand Secre- tary, I. H. Goldsmith, 1161 Madison Av., New York; Henry Jacobs, Charles M. Obst, Benjamin Blumenthal, Isaac Hamburger, Julius INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF JUDAH 345

Harburger, Henry Lichtig, Raphael Rosenberger, Herman Stiefel, Honorable Philip Stein. OFFICERS AND GENERAL COMMITTEE OF DISTRICT GRAND LODGE No. 1.—Grand Master, Emil Tausig, 1772 Madison Av., New York City; First Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Baer; Second Deputy Grand Master, Samuel Ornstein; Third Deputy Grand Master, Aaron Wolfsohn; Grand Treasurer, A. E. Karelson; Grand Warden, M. Goldberg; Grand Tyler, Abm. Sanders; Chairman Committee on Appeals, Eugene D. Klein; on Laws, M. S. Keller; on Finance, J. L. Wallace; on State of the District, Daniel Krause; President District Deputies, M. J. Lichtenberger. OFFICERS AND GENERAL COMMITTEE OF DISTRICT NO. 2.—Grand Master, Isaac A. Loeb, 322 Ashland Block, Chicago, 111.; First Deputy Grand Master, Henry Kohn; Second Deputy Grand Master, Wm. Haberman; Third Deputy Grand Master, L. Hoffman; Grand Secretary, Eli Brandt; Grand Treasurer, Ignatz S. Lurie; Grand Warden, Henry Goldsmith; Grand Tyler, Albert Weil; Louis Witkowsky, Leopold Reiss, Frank Kern, Sol. H. Myers, Benjamin Baum.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF JUDAH The Eighth Biennial Convention of the Independent Order Free Sons of Judah was held April 10, 1904, in New York City. The Grand Secretary reported as follows: Balance on hand, Decem- ber 31, 1901, $27,057.58; receipts, $216,495.98; total, $243,553.56; disbursements, $209,906.21, leaving a balance of $33,647.35 on hand. These assets were appropriated to the various Funds as follows: Reserve Fund, $20,603.18; Aged and Infirm Fund, $2075.48; Endowment Fund, $4059.57; Sick Benefit Fund, $3376.24; General Fund, $2875.80; and Cemetery Fund, $657.08. The total membership December 31, 1903, was 7608, showing an increase of 1161 since the previous convention. The number of lodges on December 31, 1903, was 115, of which 6 were ladies' lodges. The lodges are located in the States of , Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Penn- sylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin, and in the District of Columbia. The cemeteries of the Order consist of plots at Bayside and Mt. Zion cemeteries. OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Isidor Byk, New York City; First Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Grossman, New York City; Second Deputy Grand Master, Levy Abrahams, Baltimore, Md.; Grand Treasurer, Victor Steiner, Bergen Beach, L. I.; Grand Secretary, Sigmund Fodor, 47 St. Marks Place, New York City. Office of the Grand Lodge, 78 Second Av., New York City. 246 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH An occurrence deeply lamented by the members of the Order, as well as by all Jews interested in the welfare of the race, befell in the death of Leo N. Levi, President of the Fraternity. With all the energy and enthusiasm of his nature President Levi devoted himself to the task of widening the influence of the organization and of bringing it into prominence as something of international import. That he succeeded in accomplishing this in the short three years of his Presidency, is evidence of the strength and sincerity of his convictions and the weight of his ideas. He led the Order into the field of many new activities. He it was who, pledging the loyalty of all the lodges in this country, instituted and achieved the organization of the Indus- trial Removal Work, and his prompt remonstrance through the Government against the atrocities perpetrated at Kishineff brought the Order into deserved world-wide prominence. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Order held in New York on February 14, 1904, the Honorable Simon Wolf, of Washington, D. C, was elected to succeed Mr. Levi. When, in December, 1903, rumors of an intended uprising against the Jews of Kishineff were circulated, the Order ad- dressed a letter to the Secretary of State requesting him to ascer- tain the state of affairs in Southern Russia. As a result, a cable- gram dated December 31, 1903, was received at the State Depart- ment from the Ambassador at St. Petersburg, in which the reports were condemned as entirely unwarranted. The Ambas- sador also reported that Kishineff had been in a state of thorough tranquillity for a considerable period. This despatch was made public, together with a letter dated December 29, 1903, from the United States Consul at Odessa which verified the report of the Ambassador. In this matter, the Order acted in agreement with the Anglo-Jewish Association, London, England, and the Alliance Israelite Universelle, Paris. During the past year the Order has put itself into close com- munication with the Anglo-Jewish Association, and with the Alliance Israelite Universelle, so as to be in a position to co- operate in behalf of American Jews, with these representative bodies of Jews in England and France, in all undertakings look- ing to the amelioration of the condition of Jews. On the organization of the Industrial Removal Work by Presi- dent Levi, it was given in charge of a joint committee known as the Industrial Removal Committee of the Jewish AgricuJtural and Aid Society. An account of the results achieved by this Committee will be found under the heading The Industrial Re- moval Office, pp. 249-251. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH 247

The Executive Committee has considerably assisted the refugees from Roumania and Russia. There have been many deplor- able cases among assisted immigrants, who come here prin- cipally from England. The Government, ordinarily humane and considerate in its treatment, under an imperative law has de- ported a considerable number of these unfortunates. In response to the efforts of the Order to ameliorate conditions, the Immigra- tion Bureau maintains that it has no power in the matter, the only remedy being the repeal of the present law or such an amendment thereof as may enable such persons, under a humane interpretation of the policy of our Government, to escape from being classified as Assisted Immigrants. The Executive Committee of the Order at its meeting in At- lantic City in July, 1902, authorized and directed the President to formulate plans for conducting a bureau for the placing out of orphan children. This action of the Committee was commun- icated to the Executive committee of the National Conference of Jewish Charities, which entrusted the entire project to the Order, tendering at the same time the co-operation of its com- mittee in formulating modes of proceedure. The Executive Committee has seriously considered the advis- ability of continuing the experiment, and has concluded, from the results at hand, that it would be unwise to persevere in the at- tempt to establish the proposed Bureau; it is of the opinion that before a National Bureau can be undertaken, serious local efforts should be made in the many centres of Jewish population. The building established on Forsyth Street, New York City, has been the centre of good work during the last two years. The Executive Committee decided to transfer the building to the charge of District No. 1, fearing that they were usurping the functions of that District, in the jurisdiction of which the build- ing is situated. An Employment Bureau, opened March 15, 1904, had been attached to the building proper by the Executive Com- mittee, which had intended to establish also a Bureau of Civic Information. These activities were turned over to District No. 1, with the building, on July 1, 1904. The statistics of the Employment Bureau show a record of four hundred situations procured since its inception. There has been a general increase of the Order in all its Dis- tricts, despite losses by death and resignation. The net increase in District No. 1 is 179; in District No. 2, 179; in District No. 3, 177; in District No. 4, 28; in District No. 5, 286; in District No. 6, 24. There is a substantial increase in the members of District No. 7, and of the foreign Districts as well. 248 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MEETINGS OF THE DISTRICTS District No. 1, met at Providence, R. I., May 15, 1904; President, J. B. Klein, Bridgeport, Conn.; Secretary, S. Hamburger, New York City. District No. 2, met at Indianapolis, Ind., May 22, 1904; Presi- dent, Leon Block, Kansas City, Mo.; Secretary, Abe Bloch, Cincinnati, Ohio. District No. 3, met at Lancaster, Pa., February 1, 1904; Presi- dent, the Rev. I. Rosenthal, Lancaster, Pa.; Secretary, M. K. Cohen, Philadelphia, Pa. District No. 4, met at San Francisco, Cal., February 21, 1904; President, M. H. Wascerwitz, San Francisco, Cal.; Secretary, I. J. Aschheim, San Francisco, Cal. District No. 5, met at Washington, D. C, April 9, 1904; Presi- dent, E. A. Waxelbaum, Macon, Ga.; Secretary, Joseph L. Levy, Richmond, Va. District No. 6, met at Des Moines, la., May 29, 1904; President, Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111.; Secretary, A. B. Seelenfreund, Chicago, 111. District No. 7, met at San Antonio, Texas, April 18, 1904; President, Joseph Beitman, Birmingham, Ala.; Secretary, Nat. Strauss, New Orleans, La. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Simon Wolf, 923 F, N. W., Washington, D. C; Chancellor of Foreign Affairs, Julius Bien, New York City; Vice-President and Treasurer, Jacob Furth, Cleveland, Ohio; Honorary Secretary, Solomon Sulzberger, New York City; Joseph D. Coons, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Albert Elkus, Sacramento, Cal.; Adolph Moses, Chicago, 111.; Joseph Hirsh, Vicksburg, Miss.; Joseph Salabes, Baltimore, Md.; Corresponding Secretary, Louis Lipsky, 723 Lexington Ave., New York City.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER SONS OF BENJAMIN The Independent Order Sons of Benjamin publishes the follow- ing financial statement for 1902 and 1903: Balance on hand January 1, 1902, $839.77; receipts, $12,448.77; total, $13,288.54; disbursements, $14,218.41; leaving a deficit of $929.87. Receipts during 1903, $9627.43; interest transferred from the Mutual Guarantee Fund, $9000; total $18,627.43; deficit January 1, 1903, $929.87; disbursements, $13,620.11; total, $14,549.98; balance on hand December 31, 1903, $4077.45. Grand Secretary, Adolph Silberstein, 212 East 58th, New York City. THE INDUSTRIAL REMOVAL OFFICE 249

f INDEPENDENT WESTERN STAR ORDER The Eleventh Annual Convention of the Independent Western Star Order was held June 19-20, 1904, at St. Louis, Mo. There were present 91 delegates representing 51 lodges. OFFICERS.—Grand Master, Win. A. Jonesi; Vice-Grand Master, I. Schwartz; First Deputy Grand Master, A. Greenspan; Second Deputy Grand Master, A. L. Ratner; Grand Secretary, I. Shapiro, 183 West 12th, Chicago, 111.; Grand Endowment Treasurer, H. M. Stone; Grand General Fund Treasurer, L. Rosenberg.

THE INDUSTRIAL REMOVAL OFFICE1 The work of the Industrial Removal Office during the past year has been very considerably increased, the total number of persons sent away from New York since the inauguration of the move- ment being 10,563. Applying to this number the percentage re- turning to New York, we have 10,000 persons who have been sent away and who have remained away from the city. It will be observed that there was a smaller proportion of single men among those sent out this year than in the previous year; for obvious reasons the heads of families have been given the preference over single men. The occupations of the persons removed cover as wide a range as in former years, and the places to which they were sent are likewise as numerous. A most gratifying sign is the large num- ber of cases sent by " request," and upon the advice and con- sent of the receiving community. These are chiefly cases in which a husband, or some other member of a family, had pre- viously been sent away, and his progress was sufficiently encour- aging to justify him in sending for his relatives. Of such cases the records of the current year show a total of 47 per cent. No more gratifying testimony can be had to the satisfactory nature of the employment found for those removed from New York than is furnished by the fact of sending for relatives. It should be said that in some cases the head of the family left New York without assistance from this office, and, after being sufficiently well established to warrant his doing so, requested the Bureau to send his family to join him, the alternative being his return to New York to join them, because of the natural desire for reunion and insufficient funds to pay transportation charges.

!For the Report of The Jewish Agricultural ancl Industrial AicJ Society, see p. 252, 250 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The number of such cases, however, is not large; the vast bulk of those sent by request followed the man originally sent away by the Removal Office, whose success attracted his relatives. The power of this attraction cannot be measured solely by the removals made directly through the Committee. According to the statistics gathered by the representative of the Removal Office at Ellis Island of the Jewish immigration that arrived at the port of New York in the years 1900, 1901, and 1902, 73 per cent had the City of New York as their ultimate destination; of those arriv- ing in the current year 69% per cent were destined for New York. On the basis of immigration for the current year, this shows that the number of persons who moved directly and at their own ex- pense to the interior towns was 3% per cent, or 2224 persons more than last year. Furthermore, the unfailing experience of the past twenty years has been that the establishment of a num- ber of Jewish immigrants at a given point speedily results in attracting a considerable additional number to the same point, so that it is reasonable to expect that the 10,000 persons who have been sent away in the past three years will bring five times their number to the same places within the next decade. During the year 1903, 5525 persons were sent out from New York: 485 families removed with their heads, 206 families follow- ing their heads (the two classes comprising 2896 persons), 318 married men who had their families in the United States, 983 married men whose families were in Europe, and 1328 unmarried men. In classifying the men sent out according to their occupation, we find the following facts for 1903: Mechanics 70.7% Clerks 2.5% Laborers 23.7% Teachers 4% Peddlers in New York 2.7% 100% To ascertain the results of the work, regular inquiry sheets are sent to the local communities some weeks after each case has been sent out. Those inquiry sheets are returned to the New York Office after being filled out by the receiving committee. The information thus obtained yields the following result of the work done from November 1, 1902, to November 1, 1903. The tables cover 3347 cases, consisting of 5525 persons, and they make a comparison with results for the same period of 1902, as stated in last year's report: ISRAELITE ALLIANCE OF AMERICA 251

SATISFACTORY Cases 1903 1902 Per- 1903 1902 1901 % % sons * % % Still at place of settlement. 2,766 82.9 71.8 4,865 88.2 80.2 65.3 Left for places known 126 3.8 8.7 138 2.5 6.2 5.5 Left for places unknown 120 3.6 7.8 128 2.3 5.4 5.8 Returned to New York 38 1.1 1.0 52 .9 .7 1.2 3,060 91.4 89.3 5,183 93.9 92.5 77.8 UNSATISFACTORY Still at place of settlement. 33 1.0 1.1 46 .8 .8 14 Left for places known 76 2.3 3.0 84 1.5 2.1 3.3 Left for places unknown.... 121 3.6 3.6 135 2.4 2.5 4.7 Returned to New York 33 1.0 1.0 42 .8 .7 6.1 263 7.9 8.7 307 5.5 6.1 15.5 Not heard from in answer to inquiry sheets, although ten of these are accounted for by return postal cards as arrived at places of des- tination 24 .7 2.0 35 .6 1.4 6.7 Grand Totals 3,347 100. 100. 5,525 100. 100. 100. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.—-Chairman, Cyrus L. Sulzberger; Vice- chairman, Nathan Bijur; Secretary, Eugene S. Benjamin; Max Senior, Jacob Furth. General Manager, David M. Bressler; Assistant Manager, Morris D. Waldman. Address: 104 Rivington, New York City.

ISRAELITE ALLIANCE OF AMERICA The Israelite Alliance of America held a number of meetings during the year at which the various committees presented re- ports of their work for discussion. The Pope Petition Committee met several times to consider the " Blood Accusation " problem. The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of the United States and Canada assisted this committee by furnishing it with copies of petitions addressed by the Union, the preceding year, to the Pope and to Pobiedonostseff, in which an urgent appeal was made to the heads of the Roman and Greek Catholic Churches to declare the ritual murder charge against Jews as unfounded, and incompatible with the Jewish religion. The Union having re- ceived no reply to these petitions, the Israelite Alliance decided to frame a petition on the same question, to be signed only by prominent Gentiles of all denominations. Rabbi S. Schulman has undertaken to study the matter historically, collate the facts, and frame the memorial. In accordance with the aim of the organization, to bring to the notice of the public Russia's discriminations against American 252 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK citizens of the Jewish faith, the secretaries wrote articles for publication on the Russian American passport question. OFFICERS.—President, Joseph M. Baum; Vice-Presidents, Philip Fischer, Miss Jeanette Schwabe, and Dr. A. L. Wolbarst; Secre- taries, A. H. Simon, D. P. Swick, and S. P. Frank, 177 High, Brooklyn, N. Y. See also Alliance Israelite Universelle.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AID SOCIETY 1 1. FARM LOANS During 1903 the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society granted 117 farm loans, amounting in the aggregate to $46,590.51; during the first six months of 1904, 72 farm loans, amounting in the aggregate to $28,835.69. Including the loans turned over to the Society by the Baron de Hirsch Fund, it has now on its books over five hundred farm loans made to an equal number of Jewish families. 2. HOME BUILDING LOANS During 1903 the Society granted 38 home building loans, amounting in the aggregate to $16,919.00; during the first six months of 1904, 7 home building loans, amounting in the aggre- gate to $3029.00, to industrial families in rural districts, and it has now on its books 52 home building loans granted to an equal number of Jewish families since the incorporation of this Society. OFFICERS AND LIRECTOKS.—President, Cyrus L. Sulzberger; Vice- President, Eugene S. Benjamin; Treasurer, Eugene Meyer; Sec- retary, Percy S. Straus; Mark Ash, Morris Loeb and Fred. M. Stein, all of New York City. General Manager, William Kahn, 725 Broadway, New York City.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURISTS' AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA Compared with former years, the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of America more than doubled its work during the year 1903. Eighty families were assisted to settle on as many farms during the year. Of these, fifty-nine settled under the homestead law on free Government land, each taking possession of one hundred and sixty acres of land. Seventeen purchased the report of The Industrial Removal Office, see pp. 249-25}, THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY 253 farms in the States of Michigan, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and four rented lands in Illinois and Iowa. All these were more or less assisted by the Society, loans having been made to them in sums from one hundred to one thousand dollars. In all the Society loaned out nearly $26,000.00 during the year. This amount was expended in the purchase of live-stock and implements, for build- ing material, for seed, and for feed needed for the live-stock dur- ing the first few months. The transportation of the families from the city to the farm, as well as clothing, shoes, and provisions, which in some instances were furnished to the families, were paid for from the general fund of the Society. In doing its work, the Society has followed its old method. The loans made to its protege's are secured by mortgages, which become a lien on the real and personal property of the borrower. The loans are repayable in installments, arranged to suit the case of the borrower, and they bear interest at the rate of four per cent per annum. The Society up to the present has assisted nearly three hundred families, aggregating over 1450 persons. Many of these families have repaid the loans made to them, principal and interest in full, and are now in a prosperous condition. The Society proposes to expand its work and operate on a much larger scale than hitherto. Thus far the benefits of the Society have been extended to people in Chicago, and the means for its operation were gathered chiefly in that city, excepting what aid has been extended to it by The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, of New York. In pursuance of the policy of expansion, applicants from outside the city of Chicago were assisted during the first half of the present year, from January 1 to July 1, 1904. BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Adolph Loeb; Vice-President, Emil G. Hirsch; Treasurer, Edward Rose; Secretary, Hugo Pam: Corresponding Secretary, Dr. A. R. Levy, 507-511 S. Marsfield Ave., Chicago, 111.; Israel Cowen, Harry Hart, Jacob L. Kesner, Adolph Moses, David M. Pfaelzer, Dr. J. Rappaport, Julius Rosenwald, Emanuel F. Selz, Milton L. Strauss, Morris Weil. ADVISORY BOARD.—Joseph Basch, A. Bauer, Louis Becker, Joseph Beifeld, Eli B. Felsenthal, Oscar J. Friedman, Maurice W. Kozminski, I. S. Lurie, Max M. Markwell, Benj. Rosenberg, Morris S. Rosenwald, Toby Rubovits, David Simon, Leo Straus, David Wormser.

THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY The Eighth Summer Assembly of the Jewish Chautauqua So- ciety was held at Atlantic City, N. J., July 10 to 31, 1904, under direction of the Chancellor, Dr. Henry Berkowitz, the President, 254 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Mr. Jacob Gimbel, and the Director, Isaac Hassler, Esq., all of Philadelphia. The work was divided into departments, as follows: 1. DEPAETMENT OF RELIGIOUS SCHOOL WORK, according to the plans of the Committee of Fifteen appointed at the Sixth Summer Assembly: Opening Address: " The Reform Movement in Jewish Educa- tion," Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Philadelphia. Discussion of Curriculum for Religious Schools presented by Rabbi Abram Simon at the Seventh Summer Assembly: "What Should be Taught in Confirmation Classes—Why and How?" Rabbi Abram Simon, Washington, D. C. " How Shall the Bible Be Taught? " Rev. Dr. Jos. Stolz, Chicago, 111., and Rabbi Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va. " The Value of Pictures in Teaching," Rev. Clifton H. Levy, New York. " Criticism of Rabbi Simon's Curriculum," Miss Julia Richman, New York. " Application of Educational Reforms," Rev. Dr. David Philip- son, Cincinnati, Ohio. " The Study of the Hebrew Language," Dr. S. Benderly, Balti- more, Md., being in the main a presentation of the Yellin method. " The Study of the Hebrew Language," Rabbi Gerson B. Levi, Helena, Ark., a presentation of Mr. Levi's methods, as published by the Jewish Chautauqua Society. " The Study of Post-Biblical History and Literature in the Schools," Dr. Israel Davidson, New York. Illustrative Lesson: Subject, "The Sabbath," Primary Depart- ment, Miss Ella Jacobs, Philadelphia. General discussions were held during all the sessions. Several Conferences of Teachers, Rabbis, and others interested in school work were held and valuable discussions of school work had. Thirty-three teachers, of whom a number were sent at the ex- pense of congregations to represent them, and twenty-one rabbis, were in attendance during the sessions. The outcome of the school work was the following resolution passed by the Assembly: " As a result of the experiences derived from the conduct of the Department of Religious Pedagogy and at the earnest solici- tation of the teachers who attended, we recommend that: " 1st. At the next Assembly, classes and conferences, composed of Jewish educators and Jewish religious school teachers, be organized for the purpose of explaining and discussing methods of instruction, and a series of Bible Lessons for Teachers, primary, intermediate, and advanced, be given in connection therewith; " 2nd. In addition to Hebrew, classes be organized also for the study of Post-Biblical History, special eras being made the subject THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY 255 of particular lessons, and that lectures on biographies of the leading men of such era constitute a feature of this work; " 3rd. The study of the geography of the Bible be among the subjects included in the curriculum of the Assembly; " 4th. A full set of ceremonial objects, models, lantern slides, and maps, suitable for Jewish religious schools, to form a travel- ling library, be secured by the Jewish Chautauqua Society, to be sent to schools upon application, the expense of transportation to be borne by the schools; " 5th. A parents' meeting or series of meetings of parents be held at the next Assembly for the purpose of having Jewish cere- monials explained, with the view to their rehabilitation in the homes in which they have passed into neglect; " 6th. In order to carry into effect the practical propositions made by the Chancellor in his opening address, a Committee of Five be appointed to formulate a series of lesson helps for teach- ers, to constitute a manual for their guidance, the work of this Committee to be based on the Curriculum submitted to the Assem- bly by Rabbi Abram Simon, to whom grateful acknowledgment for his valuable labors is herewith expressed." 2. COURSE IN APPLIED PHILANTHROPY.—Addresses were delivered as follows: " The Value of Training for Philanthropic "Work," Dr. Edward T. Devine, Secretary Charity Organization Society, New York. " Jewish Scholarships in Philanthropy," Mr. Sol. C. Lowen- stein, United Hebrew Charities, New York. " The Housing Problem," Mr. Robert W. De Forest, President of the Charity Organization Society, New York. " Discussion of Mr. De Forest's Address," Miss Emily W. Din- widdie, Philadelphia. " The Labor Problem in its Relation to Applied Philanthropy," Mr. Marcus M. Marks, of the Civic Federation, New York. " The Relation of Charities to Corrections," Dr. Frederick H. Wines, Montclair, N. J. " Juvenile Crime Among Boys," Mr. F. H. Nibecker, Superin- tendent House of Refuge, Glen Mills, Pa. " Juvenile Crime Among Girls," Miss Rose Sommerfeld, Director of the Clara De Hirsch Home, New York. The following resolution was passed by the Assembly: " In view of the fact that thousands of our American youth are early drafted into the ranks of the industrial workers, be it " Resolved, That the Board of the Jewish Chautauqua Society be instructed to request the Civic Federation to plan methods for elementary instruction in economics in the public schools, with the view to the enlightenment of pupils on practical social problems." 256 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

3. DEPARTMENT OF SUMMER SCHOOL AND SEMINAR.—Rabbi Gerson B. Levi, of Helena, Ark., conducted a class in Hebrew, meeting every day during the sessions and using the Advanced Hebrew Course, which was compiled by Mr. Levi and recently issued by the Society, including instruction in Hebrew Grammar and exer- cises in translation of Hebrew into English and English into Hebrew. Seventeen members, principally teachers, were enrolled in the class. Five lectures on " Recent Discussions of Biblical Problems," by Professor , of the University of California, as follows: (1) " Babylonian Elements in Civilization and Religion of Ancient Israel." (2) " The Rise of Early Judaism." (3) " The ' I' of the Psalms." (4) " Foreign Elements in Late Judaism." (5) "The Son of Man." Courses of Lectures on the 'rLife and Times of Ben Sira," and " The History of Hebrew Liturgy," by Dr. , President of The Jewish Theological Seminary, New York.

4. POPULAR CONFERENCES AND LECTURES.—Conference on " The Stage as an Educational Force ": Address by Mr. Sydney Rosen- feld, New York, President of the National Theatre Company, on " The Stage of To-Day and Its Needs "; Address by Mr. Jacob M. Gordin, Brooklyn, on " The Jewish Drama and its Effect in America." Conference on " Immigration ": Address by the presiding offi- cer, Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, New York; " The Status of Immigra- tion," by Honorable Frank P. Sargent, United States Commis- sioner General of Immigration. Lecture: Dr. Joseph Krauskopf, Philadelphia, " Lessing, the Brave, and Nathan, the Wise." Lecture: Rear-Admiral Geo. W. Melville, U. S. N., "Arctic Ex- plorations." Lecture: Dr. Talcott Williams, Editor of the Philadelphia " Press," on " Some International Lessons of the War in the East." Two musical entertainments and several social evenings and receptions were held during the sessions. Divine services were held every Friday evening and Sabbath morning at Beth Israel Synagogue, under the direction of Rabbi Henry M. Fisher, of Atlantic City. Sermons were preached by Rabbis G. Freund, of Toledo, O.; David Philipson, of Cincinnati, O.; and N. Krasnowetz, of Owensboro, Ky. THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY 257

The Annual Meeting at the close of the session was presided over by the President, Mr. Jacob Gimbel, Philadelphia. Reports were presented by the Secretary, Isaac Hassler, and the Treasurer, Clarence K. Arnold, Philadelphia. Addresses were made by the Chancellor, Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, and by Honorable Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C. In the Reading Course work circles were organized or Chau- tauqua work introduced in the following cities: Anniston, Ala.; Augusta, Ga.; Baltimore, Md.; Boston, Mass.; Charleston, W. Va.; Chattanooga, Tenn.; Chester, Pa.; Chicago, 111.; Cincinnati, O.; Columbus, Miss.; Denver, Colo.; El Paso, Texas; Galveston, Texas; Hannibal, Mo.; Harrisburg, Pa.; Hazle- ton, Pa.; Hot Springs, Ark.; Houston, Texas; Indianapolis, Ind.; Memphis, Tenn.; Monroe, La.; Nashville, Tenn.; Natchez, Miss.; Newark, N. J.; New York, N. Y.; Peoria, 111.; Philadelphia, Pa.; San Antonio, Texas; Scranton, Pa.; Seattle, Wash.; Selma, Ala.; St. Louis, Mo.; Syracuse. N. Y.; Tacoma, Wash.; Tyler, Texas; Utica, N. Y.; Vicksburg, Miss.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Melbourne, Australia; and Montreal, Can. The reports showed that a large number of schools had followed the Hebrew Courses of the Society, though these were not ready at the beginning of the school year 1903-1904. OFFICERS.—Chancellor, Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz; President, Jacob Gimbel; Vice-President, William B. Hackenburg; Treas- urer, Alfred H. Newburger; Secretary, Isaac Hassler, Esq., P. O. Box 825; all of Philadelphia. BOABD OF TRUSTEES.—Leon Dalsimer, Mrs. Eva Coons, Samuel S. Fleisher, Louis Gerstley, Mrs. Rosa Frank, Mrs. Charles Heidel- berger, Mrs. Fannie Muhr, Clarence K. Arnold, Geo. W. Ochs, Edward Wolf, Mrs. Jos. H. Rubin, of Philadelphia; Marcus M. Marks, Jacob H. Schiff, Sol. Sulzberger, of New York; Honorable Simon Wolf, of Washington, D. C; Mrs. Eli Strouse, of Balti- more, Md.; Joseph Hirsch, ot Atlanta, Ga., and Israel Cowen, of Chicago, 111. EDUCATIONAL COUNCIL.—Max Herzberg, D. W. Amram, Charles S. Bernheimer, Miss Corinne B. Arnold, Rabbi Julius H. Green- stone, Dr. Lewis Steinbach, Miss Ella Jacobs, of Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. Maurice H. Harris, Dr. Richard Gottheil, Dr. Lee K. Frankel, Professor Morris Loeb, Miss Julia Richman, Miss Rose Sommerfeld, of New York; Rabbi Gerson B. Levi, of Helena, Ark.; Rev. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Rev. Dr. Jos. Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Rabbi Harry Levi, Wheeling, W. Va.; Rabbi Abram Simon, Wash- ington, D. C.; Rev. Dr. K. Kohler, Cincinnati, O. HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS.—Adolph S. Ochs, Milton Gold- smith, New York; J. B. Klein, Bridgeport, Conn.; Mrs. Jacob H. 258 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Hecht, Boston, Mass.; Max Senior, Cincinnati, 0.; Mrs. S. L. Frank, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. Jonathan Rice, St. Louis, Mo.; Rev. Dr. Jacob S. Voorsanger, Mrs. M. S. Sloss, San Francisco, Cal.; Louis Bamberger, Newark, N. J.; Rev. Dr. Max Heller, New Orleans, La.; I. Isenberg, Wheeling, W. Va.; Jacques Loeb, Mont- gomery, Ala.; Mrs. S. Lesser, Augusta, Ga.; Mrs. Alex. Friend, Dallas, Texas; Wm. J. Berkowitz, Kansas City, Mo.; Isaac L. Blaut, Washington, D. C; Honorable Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA For an account of THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, see REPORT OF THE SIXTEENTH YEAR, p. 381.

THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF AMERICA During 1903-1904, thirty-eight students were enrolled in the Rabbinical Course of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. At the Commencement exercises, held on June 5, 1904, the De- gree of Rabbi was conferred upon the following: Rudolph Isaac Coffee, of California, B. A., Columbia University; Charles Isaiah Hoffman, of Philadelphia, B. A., M. A., and B. L., University of Pennsylvania; Gerson Benedict Levi, of Philadelphia, B. A., University of Pennsylvania; Elias Louis Solomon, of New York, B. A., College of the City of New York. Honorary Degrees were awarded as follows: Lewis Naphtali Dembitz, of Louisville, Ky., Doctor of Hebrew Literature; Henry Pereira Mendes, Minister of Congregation Shearith Israel, of New York, Doctor of Divinity; Samuel Schulman, Rabbi of Tem- ple Beth-El, of New York, Doctor of Divinity. TEACHERS COURSE.—The Seminary, recognizing the urgent need of providing proper teachers for the religious schools in the city of New York and elsewhere, has established a special Teachers Course, to be conducted under the supervision of the President of the Faculty, Professor S. Schechter, by the members of the Faculty. The course occupies three years, at the end of which a certificate will be awarded to persons who successfully pass the prescribed examinations. The course of study is as follows: First Year.—Two hours, Elementary Hebrew; one hour, Bible Lessons; one hour, Jewish Religion. Second Year.—One hour, Contents of the Prayer Book; one hour, Post-Biblical History and Literature; one hour, Bible Lessons; one hour, Selections from the Pentateuch. For the third year of the course arrangements are to be made for the establishment of a model school, in which the students will obtain practical instruction in the methods of THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 259 teaching and conducting a religious school. During 1903-1904, 130 students were enrolled in this department. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.—To enable students who are attend- ing a college or university in New York City to prepare them- selves for entrance to the Seminary, it has been decided to es- tablish a Preparatory Course, with the following curriculum: First Year.—One hour, Hebrew Grammar; two hours, Pentateuch; one hour, Prayer Book. Second Year.—One hour, Hebrew Gram- mar; one hour, Pentateuch with Rashi and Onkelos; one hour, Judges; one hour, Mishnah, Berakot and Shabbat. Third Year. —One hour, Outlines of Jewish History; First Term—One hour, Isaiah; one hour, Daniel; one hour, Mishnah, Pesahim, Yoma and Sukkah; Second Term—One hour, Talmud (Berakot); one hour, Shulhan Aruk; two hours, Psalms. DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF DIVINITY.—A course leading to the Degree of Doctor of Divinity will hereafter be given. Any person hold- ing the degree of Rabbi, or such other equivalent degree or diploma as may be deemed sufficient by the Faculty, may be ad- mitted to it. The following lectures will be given during the academic year 1904-1905 for the candidates for the Degree of Doc- tor of Divinity: Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts; Crit- ical and Historical Analysis of the Halachic Midrashim; Syriac; Reading of the Syriac Version of Ben Sirach; Text and Compo- sition of the Books of Samuel; Arabic, the eight chapters of Maimonides; Cuneiform Texts bearing upon the Bible; Historical Texts, Megillat Ta'anit and the Letter of Sherira; North Semitic Inscriptions; Literature of Doctrine and Dogma; Selected Read- ings of Rabbinical Responsa; Practical Exercises in the Decision of Ritual Questions. LECTURES.—A course of lectures will be given during 1904-1905, to which the public will be admitted. A special course of lectures will be given to the members of the Senior Class on the manage- ment of the Jewish philanthropic and educational institutions of New York City. SYNAGOGUE.—A Synagogue is attached to the Seminary. Ser- vices are conducted every Sabbath and holiday by the Hazan with the aid of the students, under the direction of the President of the Faculty. LIBRARY.-—The Library consists of 15,000 printed volumes and 750 Hebrew MSS. COURSE OF STUDY.—The course of study pursued in the Seminary extends over a period of four years, and comprises lectures and instruction on the following subjects: 1. The Bible; 2. Tal- mud of Babylon and Jerusalem; 3. Jewish History and the History of Jewish Literature, with specimen readings; 4. Theology and Catechism; 5. Homiletics, including a proper training in elocu- 260 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

tion and pastoral work; 6. Instruction in Hazanut is provided, and is optional with members of the Senior Class. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.—Students desiring to enter the Seminary as candidates for the degree of Rabbi must be members of the Jewish faith, of good moral character, and should have received from a university or college in good standing the degree of Bachelor of Arts or such other equivalent degree as shall be approved by the faculty. Students attending universities and colleges which permit the election of professional or post-graduate studies as the major portion of the work of the senior year, and who are otherwise properly qualified, may be admitted to the reg- ular Rabbinical Course upon the presentation of a certificate of the satisfactory completion of their three years' college work, provided they present satisfactory assurance that they will immediately proceed to obtain their Bachelor's Degree. In view of the elective system in American colleges, it is strongly recom- mended to students intending to enter the Seminary that they especially devote themselves during their college course to the following subjects: English literature, rhetoric, and composi- tion; ancient and medieval history; philosophy, psychology, and logic; German, Greek, and Latin. In the case of students pre- senting a certificate from a European institution, the English requirements may be temporarily waived, with the understanding, however, that the prescribed English must be completed before final graduation. Candidates for admission are expected to pass successfully an entrance examination on the following subjects: Elementary grammar of the Hebrew language and of Biblical Aramaic, including the paradigm of the verb and noun; the whole of the Pentateuch, translation and interpretation at sight, and the Book of Genesis with Targum Onkelos and the commentary of Rashi and Rashi characters; the book of Judges (with the ex- ception of the Song of Deborah); Isaiah I-XII; Psalms I-XXII; Daniel 1-3; the second Order of the Mishna, Seder Moed, with the exception of the Tractates Erubin, Betzah, and Hagigah; Gemara, the first Perek of Tractate Berakot, pages 1-13; general acquaint- ance with the contents of the Prayer Book; general acquaintance with Jewish history. Every student who is a candidate for a degree is expected to observe the Jewish Sabbath and to conform to the Jewish dietary laws. Special students not candidates for degrees may be admitted to the classes of the Seminary. Harvard University has established a group leading to the Bachelor's Degree which includes the foregoing subjects required for admission, and Columbia University, the University of Penn- sylvania, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Chi- cago have agreed to provide instruction necessary for admission THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 261 to the Seminary. The Gratz College, of Philadelphia, prepares students for admission to the Seminary. There is no tuition fee at the Seminary, and regular students are admitted to the courses of Columbia University free of charge. The Seminary has no dormitories, and does not provide lodging or board for students. SCHOLARSHIPS.—A scolarship of the value of two hundred and fifty dollars per annum has been established by the Board of Di- rectors in memory of Joseph Blumenthal, to be awarded annually by the President of the Faculty, after consultation with the Faculty, to the most deserving student of the Senior Class. The Philadelphia Branch of the Seminary offers for the scholastic year 1904-1905 four scholarships of the value of two hundred and fifty dollars each to the candidates passing the best entrance examinations. These scholarships will be known as the Phila- delphia Scholarships, and, other things being equal, preference in their award will be given to students from Philadelphia. PRIZES.—Prizes have been announced as follows for the aca- demic year 1904-1905: 1. The Laemmlein Buttenwieser Bible Prize—value forty dollars: " Textual Repetitions and Quotations in the Book of Jeremiah." 2. The Laemmlein Buttenwieser Talmud Prize—value forty dollars: " Composition of the Tractate Abot, critically analyzed." 3. The Aaron Friedenwald Prize in Jewish Theology—value forty dollars: " Individual Prayers in Rabbinic Literature, their influence on the Liturgy, and their theological significance." 4. The Alexander Kohut Memorial Prize—value forty dollars: " The use and the meaning of the term Ruah ha-Kodesh in the Targumin and in the Rabbinical Liter- ature." ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS.—The entrance examinations will be held on Thursday, October 6, 1904, beginning at 10.30 a. m. The Seminary will be open for instruction on Monday, October 10, 1904. Instruction in the Teachers' Course will begin on Monday, October 17, when candidates for admission are expected to pre- sent themselves. FACULTY.—President and Professor of Jewish Theology, Profes- sor Solomon Schechter, M. A., Litt. D. (Cantab.); Sabato Morais Professor of Biblical Literature and Exegesis: Israel Friedlaender, Ph.D. (Strassburg); Professor of Talmud: Louis Ginzberg, Ph. D. (Heidelberg); Professor of History: Alexander Marx, Ph. D. (Konigsberg); Professor of Homiletics, Reverend Joseph Mayor Asher, B. A., M. A. (Owens College, Victoria University, Man- chester) ; Instructor in the Bible and Hebrew Grammar and Act- ing Reader in the Codes, Bernard Drachman, Ph. D. (Heidel- berg); Instructor in the Talmud, Joshua A. Joffe'; Hazan and 17 262 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Instructor in Hazanut, Reverend Simon Jacobson; Tutor of Elo- cution, Grenville Kleiser; Tutor of English, Eugene H. Lehman. LIBRARY STAFF.—Principal Librarian, Professor Alexander Marx; Assistant Librarian, George Alexander Kohut. PUBLICATIONS.—The following Publications have been issued during 1903-1904: 1. "Teachers' Course," 1903; 2. "Register 1904-1905," 1904. OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Cyrus Adler; Vice-President, Newman Cowen; Honorary Secretary, Irving Lehman; Treasurer, Daniel Guggenheim. Directors: for life, Jacob H. Schiff, Daniel Guggenheim, Mayer Sulzberger, Cyrus Adler, Simon Guggenheim, Adolphus S. Solomons, Felix M. Warburg, Philip S. Henry, Louis Marshall; elected for one year, Newman Cowen, Simon M. Roeder, Harry Friedenwald, Irving Lehman, Samuel Greenbaum, Morris Loeb and William Gerstley. Executive Committee: Louis Marshall, chairman; Jacob H. Schiff, Daniel Guggenheim, Mayer Sulzberger, Simon M. Roeder, together with the President and the Vice-President, ex-ofltcio. THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Fourth Annual Reunion of the Alumni Association of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America was held on June 5, 1904, in the building of the Seminary in New York. There were two sessions, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Two papers were read: "The Establishment of the Bet Din in America," by the Rev. Julius H. Greenstone, of Philadelphia; and " Circuit Preaching," by the Rev. Herman Abramowitz, of Mont- real, Canada. Inquiry into the feasibility of establishing a Bet Din and the formulating of a plan of operation, if it should be found feasible, were referred to a committee consisting of Julius H. Greenstone, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. M. Speaker, Philadelphia, Pa.; C. H. Kauvar, Denver, Colo.; C. I. Hoffman, Indianapolis, Ind.; and Gerson B. Levi, Helena, Ark. The question of Circuit Preaching was referred to the following committee: H. Abram- owitz, Montreal, Can.; C. I. Hoffman, and B. C. Ehrenreich, Philadelphia, Pa. During the year the Association established a prize to be known as " The Alumni Prize," which is to be awarded to the student writing the best paper on a subject assigned by the Alumni Association. This year it was won by Abraham E. Dobrzynski, the subject being " Tehinnot." On the evening of June 4, after the Commencement exercises at the Seminary, the Alumni Association tendered a reception to the class just graduated. The reception was held in the Seminary Assembly Rooms. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 263

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.—President, M. M. Eichler, Philadelphia, Pa.; Vice-President, Dr. J. H. Hertz, Johannesburg, South Africa; Recording Secretary, B. C. Ehrenreich, 1914 North Franklin, Philadelphia, Pa.; Corresponding Secretary, Herman Abramowitz, Montreal, Can.; Treasurer, Leon H. Elmaleh, Phila- delphia, Pa.; S. Reich, J. H. Greenstone, C. H. Kauvar, H. M. Speaker, M. Mandel, and M. Waldman.

THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES IN THE UNITED STATES The Third Biennial Meeting of the National Conference of Jewish Charities in the United States was held in New York City, May 24-27, 1904. The Conference now comprises the fol- lowing 75 organizations: Albany, N. Y., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, the Rev. Dr. M. Schlesinger, 334 Hudson Av. Atlanta, Ga., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, A. Benjamin, care of Standard Ice Co. Home for Hebrew Orphans; Secre- tary, Max Cohen, 509 7th, N. W., Washington, D. C. Baltimore, Md., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, M. Bren- ner, 411 W. Fayette. Boston, Mass, (see also Mattapan), Federation of Hebrew Char- ities; Superintendent, Max Mitchell, 43 Hawkins. Hebrew Women's Sewing Society; Secretary, Miss Ida Engel, 23 Arborway, Jamaica Plain. Buffalo, N. Y., Hebrew Board of Charities; President, J. L. Sapers- ton, Main and Seneca. Butte, Mont., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, L. Heiman. Chicago, 111., United Hebrew Charities; Secretary, A. J. Pflaum, 1215 Association Building. Home for Jewish Orphans; Secre- tary, S. Ettelson, Fort Dearborn Building. Charleston, S. C, Hebrew Benevolent Society; Montague Triest, 54 Wentworth. Chattanooga, Tenn., Mizpah Relief Society; Secretary, H. Good- man, Market. Cincinnati, O., United Jewish Charities; President, Max Senior, 731 W. 6th. Cleveland, O., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, M. Wurten- berg, 183 Orange. Jewish Orphan Asylum; Secretary, S. Wolfenstein. Columbus, O., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, W. N. Osterman. Dallas, Tex., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Joseph Wolf. 264 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Dayton, O., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Mrs. Minnie Haas, 22 DeKalb. Denver, Colo., Jewish Charity Association; Secretary, Mrs. H. Siegel, Pioneer Building. Des Moines, la., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; President, Mrs. H. Hirsch, 1605 High. Detroit, Mich., United Jewish Charities; Secretary, A. Benjamin, 118 E. High. Evansville, Ind., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; President Mrs. M. Oberdorfer, 1245 Upper 1st. Houston, Tex., Beth Israel Benevolent Society; Secretary, Jonas Levy, 317 Main. United Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secre- tary, Mrs. Ella Altmont, 10 Jackson. Indianapolis, Ind., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. H. Marks, 22 N. Michigan. Kansas City, Mo., United Jewish Charities; President, W. J. Berkowitz, 1920 Wyandotte. Lafayette, Ind., Jewish Ladies' Aid Society; Secretary, Mrs. R. Oppenheimer, 604 N. 6th. Lancaster, Pa., United Hebrew Charity Association; Secretary, L. R. Giesenberger, 123 E. King. Little Rock, Ark., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, Rabbi L. Wolsey, 1419 Louisiana. Louisville, Ky., United Hebrew Relief Association; Secretary, G. S. Rosenberg, 310 E. Walnut. Los Angeles, Cal., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, I. Sal- monson, Hellman Building. Mattapan, Mass., Leopold Morse Home and Orphanage; President, Godfrey Morse. Memphis, Tenn., United Hebrew Relief Association; President, Dr. M. Samfleld, 104 Adams. Milwaukee, Wis., Hebrew Relief Association; President, A. L. Saltzstein, Mack Block. Minneapolis, Minn., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secre- tary, Mrs. Charles Moss, 2104 Portland Av. Mobile, Ala., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, S. Haas. Montgomery, Ala., United Hebrew Charities; President, B. Wolff, 100 Commerce. Nashville, Tenn., United Hebrew Relief Association; President, Dr. I. Lewinthal, 1912 West End Av. Natchez, Miss., Hebrew Relief Association; Secretary, Rabbi S. G. Bottigheimer. Newark, N. J., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Gabriel J. Kempe, 530 Clinton Av. Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Secretary, Gabriel J. Kempe, 530 Clinton Av. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 265

New Haven, Conn., Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, F. M. Adler, care of Strouse, Adler and Co. New Orleans, La., Hebrew Benevolent Society; President, Dr. I. L. Leucht, P. O. Drawer 431. Association for Relief of Jewish Widows and Orphans; Superintendent, Michael Heyman, St. Charles and Peters. New York City, N. Y., United Hebrew Charities; Manager, Dr. L. K. Frankel, 356 Second Av. Oakland, Cal., Daughters of Israel Relief Society; Secretary, Mrs. G. Cohn, 1142 Filbert. Peoria, 111., Hebrew Relief Association; President, W. F. Wolfner. Philadelphia, Pa., Home for Hebrew Orphans; President, H. H. Ginsberg, 10th and Bainbridge. Orphans Guardians Society; Secretary, Samuel Goodman, 116 N. 3d. United Hebrew Char- ities; President, Max Herzberg, 636 N. 6th. Jewish Foster Home; Secretary, Benjamin F. Teller (deceased), Mill St., Germantown, Pa. Pittsburg, Pa., United Hebrew Relief Association; President, A. Lippman, Second National Bank Building. Portland, Ore., First Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, S. Blumauer, 108 Fourth. Jewish Women's Benevolent Society, Secretary, Mrs. Ben Selling, 434 Main. Richmond, Va., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; President, Mrs. A. Levy, 101 Marshall. Rochester, N. Y., United Jewish Charities; Secretary, Dr. Max Landsberg, 420 Main. Jewish Orphan Asylum Association of Western New York; Secretary, Dr. Max Landsberg, 420 Main. St. Joseph, Mo., Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. Julius Rosenblatt, 410 N. 6th. St. Louis, Mo., Jewish Charitable and Educational Union; Secre- tary, Bernard Greensfelder, 701 Commonwealth Trust Build- ing. St. Paul, Minn., Jewish Relief Society; President, Mrs. J. M. Sil- berstein, 216 E. Summit Av. Bikur Cholim Society; Presi- dent, Mrs. S. Mark, 589 Pine. Salt Lake City, Utah, Jewish Relief Society; President, Mrs. Jacob Bamberger, 539 E. 1st South. San Antonio, Tex., Montefiore Benevolent Society; President, M. Friedman, care of D. and A. Oppenheimer. San Francisco, Cal., Eureka Benevolent Association; President, Charles Hirsch, 308 Market. Pacific Hebrew Orphan Asylum; President, S. W. Levy, 212 Sansome. Savannah, Ga., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. S. L. Lazaron, 124 Park Av. Scranton, Pa., Jewish Ladies' Relief Society; Secretary, Mrs. M. Simmons, 415 Madison Av. 266 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Syracuse, N. Y., United Jewish Charities; President, Rev. A. Gutt- man, 102 Walnut Place. Terre Haute, Ind., Jewish Aid Society; Secretary, Rabbi Emil Leipziger, 706 S. 5th. Toledo, O., Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. N. Kaufman, 211 Scottwood Av. Vicksburg, Miss., Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society; Secretary, Mrs. Gabriel Brown, 114 Baum. Washington, D. C, United Hebrew Charities; Secretary, J. Sol- omon, Columbian Building. Wheeling, W. Va., United Jewish Charities; President, Rabbi Harry Levi, P. O. Box 121. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Young Men's Hebrew Association Ladies' Auxiliary; Secretary, Miss Pamela Constine, 51 Public Square. Wilmington, Del., Hebrew Charity Association; President, Morris Levy, 210 Market. Over a hundred delegates attended the Conference. The pro- gram covered the entire field of Jewish philanthropy. The fol- lowing is a list of the papers presented: May 24, Temple Emanu-El. Jacob H. Schiff, Chairman Recep- tion Committee, presided. Addresses were given by Jacob H. Schiff, New York; George B. McClellan, Mayor of New York; Dr. Jeffrey R. Brackett, Boston; Robert W. Hebbard, Albany, and Max Herzberg, Philadelphia. May 25, The Hebrew Charities Building. Paper: " Adequacy of Relief," by Solomon Lowenstein, New York. Discussion by Max Mitchell, Boston; E. Rubovits, Chicago; B. Greensfelder, St. Louis; the Rev. Leo M. Franklin, Detroit, and Boris Bogen, Cin- cinnati. General Discussion: "How to Help the Unskilled." Papers: "Women with Children," Mrs. William Einstein, New York; " Men without Trades," William Kahn, New York. The Hebrew Orphan Asylum. Address: Edward Lauterbach, New York. Papers: " The Ideal Orphan Home," by Michael Heyman, New Orleans; "What becomes of our Graduates?" by Rudolph I. Coffee, New York; " Placing Out of Jewish Children," by Lee K. Prankel, New York. Discussion: Rev. Dr. I. L. Leucht, New Orleans; Rev. Dr. Max Landsberg, Rochester. May 26, The Educational Alliance. Address: Isidor Straus, New York. Papers: "Delinquent Girls," by Miss Rosetta Stone, New York; "Preventive Work Among Girls," by Dr. Bertha P. Lubitz, New York. Discussion: Miss Rose Sommerfeld, New York; Mrs. Sol. Selig, Philadelphia. " Preventive Work on the East Side," by Dr. David Blaustein, New York; A. H. Fromenson, New York. THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL 267

May 27, The Hebrew Charities Building. Address: Simon Wolf, Washington. Paper: "Work of the Removal Office," by David M. Bressler, New York. Discussion: " Work of the Indus- trial Removal Office," Max Senior, Cincinnati; A. W. Rich, Mil- waukee; Nat. Strauss, New Orleans; Bernard Ginsberg, Detroit; the Rev. Isidor Rosenthal, Lancaster; S. H. Frohlichstein, St. Louis. Subject: '• Federation of Charities." Reports by Rabbi Moses J. Gries, Cleveland; Bernard Ginsberg-, Detroit; Louis Wolf, Philadelphia; Julian W. Mack, Chicago; Max Senior, Cincinnati. Divine service was held at Beth-El Synagogue; the sermon was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, St. Louis. The delegates were afforded every opportunity for the inspec- tion of the numerous institutions of New York City. They spent an entire afternoon on the lower East Side, thus securing, at first hand, knowledge of the conditions there existing as a result of the overcrowding. There can be no doubt that by reason of this the work of the Industrial Removal Office will be greatly assisted by the co-operation of the interior communities. Another result of the session is the appointment of a committee to devise means for the establishment of a National Child-Placing Bureau, to obviate the commitment of dependent children to in- stitutions whenever some other treatment may be preferable. The Committee on Scholarships reported that since the last Conference three men had been given training in social work. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Julian W. Mack, Chicago, 111.; Vice-Presidents, Bernard Ginsberg, Detroit, Mich.; Mrs. Jacob Wirth, St. Paul, Minn; Treasurer, O. H. Rosen- baum, Pittsburg, Pa.; Secretary, Solomon Lowenstein, 356 Second Av., New York City; Max Senior, Cincinnati, O.; Max Herzberg, Philadelphia, Pa.; Nathan Bijur, New York City; the Rev. Dr. I. L. Leucht, New Orleans, La.; Dr. J. H. Hollander, Baltimore, Md.; the Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, St. Louis, Mo.; A. W. Rich, Milwaukee, Wis.

* THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL The Seventh Annual Meeting and Pilgrimage of the National Farm School was held October 11, 1903, on the grounds of the School, at Farm School, near Doylestown, Bucks Co., Pa. The President reported that the assets of the Farm School con- sisted of ten substantial buildings, twenty cows, ten horses, a poultry yard, a duck pond, a sheep fold, and pig-pens, the whole, together with the grounds, covering one square mile, valued at $75,000. 268 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The Director reported that telephones had been installed in each building, a station and post-office established, and individual gardens introduced in the Horticultural Department. At the opening of the school term in September, 1903, there were 34 students: Seniors, 5; Juniors, 9; Sophomores, 12; Fresh- men, 8. For the year ending October 1, 1903, the receipts from mem- bership dues and general donations were $6,472.50, and from other sources $9700.34, which together with the cash on hand at the beginning of the year, $1,887.02, made the funds available $18,- 059.86. The expenditures for the same period were $16,522.68, leaving a balance of $1,537.18 on hand, and unpaid bills to the amount of $3000. In addition to the memorial buildings reported before, a cold storage plant will be erected in memory of Henry Heyman, by his wife and family. Diplomas were awarded to four graduates, constituting the fourth class graduated from the school, on June 12, 1904. All the graduates were provided with positions. In connection with the graduation exercises Memorial Trees were planted. FACULTY.—President, Joseph Krauskopf, D. D.; Director and Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, John Hosea Washburn, Ph.D. (Gottingen); Professor of Agriculture, Superintendent of Farm, Lucius J. Shepard, B. Sc. (Maine Agricultural College); Professor of Agricultural Physics and Literature, and Mathe- matics, Isaac Bradlee Gage, A. B. (Tufts College); Professor of Horticulture, Superintendent of the Grounds, Warren B. Madison, B. Sc. (Rhode Island College); Professor of Veterinary Science and Farm Hygiene, W. G. Benner, V. S.; Director of Domestic Work, and Matron, Mrs. John R. Histand; Assistant in Agricul- ture, George Hoops; Stenographer, and Superintendent of Re- pairs, John R. Histand. OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—President, Joseph Kraus- kopf, 122 W. Manheim, Germantown, Pa.; Vice-President, Morris A. Kaufmann; Treasurer, Frank H. Bachman; Secretary, Harry Felix, 258 Zeralda, Germantown, Pa.; Sidney Aloe, Hart Blumen- thal, Adolph Eichholz, Esq., Simon Friedberger, Adolph Grant, Alfred M. Klein, Howard A. Loeb, Joseph Loeb, Isaac H. Silver- man, Jos. N. Snellenburg, Benj. F. Teller (deceased), Harry Tutelman.

THE NATIONAL JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES The following report of the National Jewish Hospital for Con- sumptives at Denver, Colo., covers the period from January 1, JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES 269

1903, to May 1, 1904, four months more than the calendar year. This is due to the fact that by a resolution of the National Board the fiscal year now begins on May 1. The subscriptions for the sixteen months to May 1, 1904, were $57,154.80, with a balance of $2856.56 making a total of $60,000.46. The cost of maintenance during this period was $39,704.98; of administration, $5254.80; of equipment, $883.37; of propaganda, $7351.90, leaving a balance of $6816.41 in the treasury on May 1, 1904. The sinking fund, started in 1902, now stands at $5638.79. Sub- scriptions to this fund during the sixteen months were $3200. Of the total $4000 is invested at 4 per cent. The special building fund, started by Mr. Adolph Lewisohn with $5000, was increased by subscriptions to $9350. Of this $3540 was expended in the purchase of hospital lots, and $471.19 in grading, etc., leaving on hand a balance of $5428.81. The addi- tional subscription of $5000 for the Guggenheim Pavilion made by M. Guggenheim's Sons was expended on that structure. The cash on hand in all the funds May 1, 1904, was $14,266.36. ADMISSIONS AND DISMISSIONS.—January 1, 1903: Patients in hospital, 69; admitted during the year, 165; total treated during the year, 234; recovered, 37; greatly improved, 45; slightly im- proved, 30; unimproved, 35; not tubercular, 4; died, 4; in hospi- tal, 79. Recapitulation since the opening of institution: Patients ad- mitted from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 389; from January 1, 1903, to December 1, 1903, 165; total admitted from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1904, 554; in hospital January 1, 1904, 79. Daily average number of patients during 1903, 78.3; discharged from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 288; died from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1903, 32; total, 320; dis- charged from January 1 to December 31, 1903, 151; died, 4; total 155. Discharged from December 10, 1899, to January 1, 1904, 439; died, 36; total, 475. Daily per capita expenses during 1903: for maintenance, $1.10; for maintenance and other expenses, $1.48. The term " greatly improved," as used in the above report, is intended to convey that, though not entirely recovered, patients have so much improved that they are able to follow their usual vocations amid the proper sanitary surroundings, and in most in- stances are able to support themselves and their families. In the list of patients since December, 1899, nearly every State and every city of note in the country has been represented. 18 270 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RECORD OF CONDITION OF HOSPITAL PATIENTS PROM OPENING OP THE HOSPITAL TO THE PRESENT DAY

Incipient Cases in Cases in and First Second Third ta l Stage Stage Stage Enter - Condi - Hospi -

tio n o Cases in g th e Unimproved . Improved . Recovere d . Unimproved . Improved . Unimproved . Recovere d . Recovere d . Improved . Present Condition Hospita l Leavin g th e Conditio n o

48 30 1 31 . 2 4 .. .. Remained in Denver. Well. 23 8 .. 14 . 5 . Remained in West. Well. 47 37 2 18 . 2 . Returned home. Well. 1 3 . 8i 3 . Unsatisfactory cond'n in Denver. • « • 2 1 . 1 2 Unsatisfactory cond'n in West. 6 . 2 4 . 5 9 Unsatisfactory cond'n at home. 2 15 . 3 '4i '.. . 29 Died in Denver. 1 1 1 . 3 Died in West. 3 . 1 . 21 Died at home. 26 2 15 6 . 5i '3 '. . 12 Whereabouts and history unkn'n. It will be noted in the above statistics that a great many deaths occurred during the first year. This is due to the fact that as there was room in the institution, patients who were in the last stages were taken in because they had no shelter, nor care, nor food. Again, that many patients lost ground or died after leav- ing the institution markedly improved, was due to several causes. Most of them left the institution before they ought to have done so and against the advice of the medical attendants, because they felt their strength returning and were anxious to pro- vide for themselves and their families. They could not be made to understand that the improvement in their condition would not last unless a longer time were given to build up the system. Others received letters from home describing the want and privations other members of the family were suffering. Whether warranted or not, such news produced worry and home-sickness in the pa- tients, and they returned to their homes to take care of their families. Others, again, notwithstanding the attending physi- cians' advice to remain in Colorado after discharge, returned to their old homes and to the same conditions that caused the disease in the first instance, and succumbed. However, as shown by the tabulated statistics, a relatively large number of dis- charged patients are at their former homes and are doing well. JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES 271

In considering the statistics, the reader must remember that very few incipient cases are received in the hospital. The class of patients cared for by the Hospital do not have the opportunity to discover incipient consumption, and even if they should, they have not the means to take care of themselves at once. Otherwise results would he greater still. The rules governing the admission of patients to the Hospital have received the endorsement of the authorities of the Agnes Memorial Hospital, Denver, founded by Lawrence Phipps in honor of his mother, and endowed with a very large fund. The organ- izers of this institution inspected the best hospitals of Europe and America, and in the end adopted, with slight alterations, the rules of the National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives, which the latter, being at the time of its establishment the only chari- table institution in America for the free treatment of the tuberculous poor, had formulated as the result of its own exper- ience. The modifications made by the Agnes Memorial Hospital tend to make the rules more stringent. As in the National Jewish Hospital, only curable cases are accepted, but the time limit is six instead of twelve months. By reason of the longer limit the Jewish Hospital is continually confronted with the problem of caring for those who are dismissed either becauce of the expira- tion of their time or because they are found incurable. In all cases a guarantee for the care or the return of the patient to his or her home is on hand. But the return is often undesirable, and committees are now at work to solve this problem, so that light labor for a period after dismissal can be provided. That would give many a slowly-improving patient an opportunity to get the full benefit of the climate. It is highly desirable that patients before attempting to go to the Hospital, or those interested in patients, shall acquaint themselves with the rules governing the admissions of patients. They will be found in full on pp. 151-153, AMERICAN JEWISH YEAB BOOK, 5664. The Guggenheim Pavilion, dedicated January 25, 1903, was the gift of M. Guggenheim's Sons, and was erected at a cost of $35,000 in memory of their mother Barbara Guggenheim. This, though it increased the facilities appreciably, has not fully met the needs of the institution. The waiting list is crowded largely with women. There is urgent need of a new woman's pavilion so that the segregation of the sexes may be more strict, besides giving the additional much-needed room. During the summer of 1904 a stretch of ground in front of the Hospital was cleared and seeded. The free use of this frontage is given by the New York owners of the property until such a time as it shall be disposed of. The Hospital management has in contemplation the immediate 272 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK erection of two long tents with adjustible sides. These will ma- terially assist the patients in getting the greatest possible good out of the open air. OFFICERS.—President, Samuel Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; First Vice-President, Sol. "W. Levi, Cincinnati, O.; Second Vice-Presi- dent, Louis Gerstley, Philadelphia, Pa.; Treasurer, Benj. Alt- heimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Secretary, Alfred Muller, 521%-526 Ernst and Cranmer Building, Denver, Colo.; Field Secretary, Mrs. S. Pisko, Denver, Colo. TRUSTEES AT DENVER.—Rabbi W. S. Friedman, Meyer Friedman, and Simon Guggenheim. AUXILIARY BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—Jos. Hirsch, David Kaufman, Rabbi David Marks, Atlanta, Ga.; Rabbi H. Schlesinger, Albany, N. Y.; Rabbi Dr. L. Mayer, Dr. Edward E. Mayer, Allegheny City; Abe Morgenroth, Anderson, Ind.; Mrs. Levi S. Levor, Attica, Ind.; Rev. Dr. Isidore Philo, Akron, 0.; Samuel Katzenstein, Alliance, O.; Mrs. Edna Weil Dreyfus, Boston, Mass.; Herman Wile, Buffalo, N. Y.; Mrs. Jos. Siegel, Butte, Mont.; Samuel Ullman, Bir- mingham, Ala.; Sigmund B. Sonneborn, A. A. Brager, Baltimore, Md.; Oscar Mandel, Bloomington, 111.; B. Blum, Bellaire, 0.; Leo Newman, Braddock, Pa.; L. E. Oppenheim, Bay City, Mich.; Leo A. Loeb, E. J. Kohn, Mrs. Hannah G. Solomon, Israel Cowen, Chicago, 111.; Ed. Goodman, Columbus, Ohio; Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, O.; Sol. W. Levi, Max Senior, Abe Bloch, Cincinnati, O.; J. M. Kaufman, Champaign, 111.; Mrs. Leopold Rauh, Dayton, O.; E. M. Kahn, Dallas, Tex.; Milton D. Goldman, Des Moines, la.; Alfred Rothschild, Detroit, Mich.; S. Plaut, Danville, 111.; Henry Bachrach, Decatur, 111.; Louis S. Loeb, Duluth, Minn.; Philip W. Frey, Evansville, Ind.; Louis Levy, Eau Claire, Wis.; M. Eppstein, Frankfort, Ky.; Rabbi A. Brill, Greenville, Miss.; Nate Salinger, Goshen, Ind.; Jacob Ely, Grand Rapids, Mich.; Morris Baldauf, Henderson, Ky.; Mrs. Herman Gans, Rabbi Jacob Mielziner, Helena, Mont.; Sol. S. Kiser, Mrs. Emma Eckhouse, Indianapolis, Ind.; Nathan Lorie, Kansas City, Mo.; S. Schnewind, Kokomo, Ind.; Rabbi Louis Wolsey, Max Heiman, Louis M. Levy, Little Rock, Ark.; Henry C. Mayer, Lincoln Neb.; Henry Doob, LaSalle, 111.; Harris Newmark, Rabbi Dr. S. Hecht, H. W. Frank, Los Angeles, Cal.; D. W. Stern, La Porte, Ind.; Henry Loevenhart, Lex- ington, Ky.; N. L. Michael, Lima, Ohio; Joseph Wiler, Logansport, Ind.; Frank Atlass, Lincoln, 111.; Hy. M. Oberndorfer, M. D. Newald, Mrs. I. D. Adler, Charles Friend, Paul Sidenberg, Mil- waukee; J. M. Davis, Minneapolis, Minn.; Rabbi W. H. Fine- shriber, Moline, 111.; Elias Lowenstein, Memphis, Tenn.; M. Mohr, Montgomery, Ala.; E. E. Richard, Mobile, Ala.; Leo Nuss- baum, Marion, Ind.; Louis Katz, Mattoon, 111.; Lee Rosenbaum, Mt. Vernon, Ind.; Henry Strelitz, Marion, O.; Jacob Aarons, Man- ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 273

istee, Mich.; Max Bachman, McKeesport, Pa.; Archibald A. Marx, Isidore Newman, Sr., Rabbi I. L. Leucht, New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Ludwig Dreyfus, Mrs. Hannah B. Einstein, Ignatius Rice, Jos. E. Shoenberg, H. Sirotta, Simon Guggenheim, Adolph Lewi- sohn, Louis Stern, Mrs. Ira L. Bamberger, New York; Jos. Goetz, Newark, N. J.; Wm, Herman, Nashville, Tenn.; Rabbi S. G. Bottigheimer, Natchez, Miss.; Joseph H. Ullman, New Haven, Conn.; Sol. Kahn, Oakland, Cal.; Ben Wile, Owensboro, Ky.; Max Bamberger, Louis Gerstley, Philadelphia; Philip Hamburger, M. Oppenheimer, A. Lippman, O. H. Rosenbaum, Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, D. D., Pittsburg; Samuel Woolner Peoria, 111.; Benj. F. Koperlik, Pueblo, Colo.; Jos. L. Friedman, Paducah, Ky.; Rabbi Jos. S. Kornfeld, Pine Bluff, Ark.; Rabbi Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Ben Selling, I. M. Fleischner, Portland, Ore.; Ike L. Price, Paris, Ky.; Felix Levy, Peru, Ind.; Abe Louis, Piqua, O.; Sol. Spear, Ply- mouth, O.; Rabbi Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.; B. Roth- schild, Toby Meyer, Martin Wolf, Rochester; Ben Altheimer, Chas. H. Stix, Mrs. Aug. Frank, J. D. Goldman, St. Louis; J. West- heimer, St. Paul, Minn.; Dr. O. A. Blumenthal, Syracuse, N. Y.; Rabbi M. P. Jacobson, Shreveport, La.; Samuel Westheimer, St. Joseph, Mo.; Judge M. C. Sloss, Rev. Dr. J. Nieto, M. J. Branden- stein, Phil. N. Aronson, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Bert Hecht, Sanford Goldstein, Moses Gunst, Abe Brown, Jacob Greenebaum, Lucius L. Solomons, Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger, Ben Schloss, San Francisco, Cal.; Leo Kohn, Seattle, Wash.; Leo S. Schwabacher, Seattle, Wash.; Samuel R. Stern, Spokane, Wash.; F. L. Womser, Scran- ton, Pa.; Sol. Goldsmith, Scranton, Pa.; Albert Elkus, Sacramento, Cal.; Joseph Rosenheim, Savannah, Ga.; Mrs. Jacob Rothschild, Springfield, Mo.; S. Grossman, South Bend, Ind.; B. Engle, Shelby- ville, Ky.; S. Altshul, Jr., Springfield, O.; Rabbi S. Freudenthal, Trinidad, Colo.; J. Lasalle, Rev. Chas. J. Freund, Toledo, Ohio; Harry T. Schloss, Terre Haute, Ind.; S. Benda, Traverse City, Mich.; S. Stettheimer, Titusville, Pa.; Joseph Hirsh, Rabbi S. L. Kory, Vicksburg, Miss.; Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C; Louis Schloss, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Henry New, Wabash, Ind.; S. M. Rice, Wheeling, W. Va.; Leo Guthman, Youngstown, O.; Julius Frank, Zanesville, Ohio.

ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM The year 5664 was intermediate between two biennial sessions of the Order Brith Abraham. Grand Secretary, Leonard Leiser- sohn, Florence Building, Second Av. and First Street, New York City. 274 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ORDER KESHER SHEL BARZEL f District Grand Lodge No. 1 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel held its Biennial Convention February 14, 1904, in New York City. The President, A. N. Rotholz, in his report advocated the amal- gamation of lodges. The report of the Grand Secretary, Moses Greenbaum, showed the endowment receipts for 1903 to be $13,411.59, and the payments to be $21,500, necessitating a with- drawal of $9,300 from the Reserve Fund, which now stands at $73,044. The number of members is 799. The following officers were elected: Grand President, A. N. Rotholz; First Grand Vice- President, J. Ankel; Second Grand Vice-President, S. Cahn; Grand Treasurer, Charles Marks; Grand Secretary, Moses Green- baum; Chairman Board of Endowments, L. S. Davidson; Treas- urer Board of Endowments, N. Cowen. District Grand Lodge No. 3 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel held its Annual Convention in Philadelphia, Pa., April 24, 1904. The following officers were elected: President, H. Herzberg, Philadelphia; First Vice-President, Simon Heller, Washington, D. C; Second Vice-President, Isaac L. Greenewald, Wilmington, N. C.; Treasurer, Isaac Alkus, Philadelphia; Secretary, Sam'l W. Goodman, 116 North 3d, Philadelphia. The report of the Endowment Commissioner for 1903 showed receipts $30,347.47; disbursements $26,005.10; balance in bank January, 1904, $4342.37. District Grand Lodge No. 4 of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel, as reported in the last issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK (p. 154), is engaged in winding up its affairs. Secretary, Max Liebschutz, 12th and Vine, Cincinnati, O.

f ORDER KNIGHTS OF JOSEPH No report received. Grand Secretary, J. D. Zinner, 36 Black- stone Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST The Ninth Annual Convention of the Progressive Order of the West was held January 31 to February 3, 1904, at St. Louis, Mo., two hundred delegates being present. The Grand Secretary reported that the receipts from all sources had been $9209.44, to which must be added $9852.92, the balance on hand after the previous convention. The disbursements, among them death claims to the amount of $5500, were $8375.20, leaving a balance of $10,687.16 on hand. The number of members, male and female, in the twenty-five lodges of the Order, situated in St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City, Kan., and Chicago, 111., was re- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORS 275 ported to be 2145. Since the convention this number has in- creased to 2514. OFFICERS.—Grand Master, M. I. De Vorkin, St. Louis, Mo.; First Deputy Grand Master, B. Frank, St. Louis, Mo.; Second Deputy Grand Master, Wolf Kirshbaum, Kansas City, Mo.; Third Deputy Grand Master, James Rosenthal, Chicago, 111.; District Deputies, A. Bayless, Kansas City, Kan.; M. Englander, Kansas City, Mo.; I. Sandier, Chicago, 111.; Grand Treasurer, S. Levitt, St. Louis, Mo.; Beneficial Treasurer, John Ellman, St. Louis, Mo.; Grand Secretary, Gus. Cytron, Fraternal Bldg., Room 9, 11th and Frank- lin Av., St. Louis, Mo.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORS The work accomplished by the Society of American Cantors since its reorganization in May, 1903, has established it firmly as a factor in the development of Judaism in America and more particularly in the development of the Cantorate in America. The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of , which took place on March 22, 1904, at Temple Ahavath Chesed Shaar Hashomayim, New York City, was a not- able event, and it was so considered by the rabbinate and the Jewish press of the country and by all persons interested in the regulation of the Jewish divine service. Three addresses were delivered, one on Salomon Sulzer, by the Rev. A. Kaiser, of Baltimore, the President of the Society; one by the Rev. Dr. I. S. Moses, of New York City, on " The Cantor as a Religious Func- tionary," and the third by the Rev. Dr. , New York City. The members of the Society together with the choirs of the various congregations of New York City sang selections from Sulzer's " Schir Zion." In honor of the occasion the Society had published a souvenir volume of selections from this work of Sulzer's, adapting them for use at the Friday evening service in the American synagogues. At the suggestion of the Society, the Central Conference of American Rabbis had fixed a date, the last Sabbath in March, on which all the members of the Conference were requested to speak to their congregations on the life and influence of Sulzer. In the course of the year there had appeared the first biographical sketch of Sulzer in the English language, written and published by a member of the Society, the Rev. S. Rappaport, New York City. The First Annual Meeting of the Society of American Cantors since its reorganization (the Eleventh since its formation) took place on March 23, 1904, in New York City. It was resolved to publish the annual report of the Society and include in it the 276 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

program of the Sulzer celebration and, in extenso, the three ad- dresses delivered on that occasion. The pamphlet, under the edi- torship of the Rev. S. Rappaport, has since appeared. At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Society held at Philadelphia on April 10, 1904, it was resolved to issue a supple- mentary volume to contain all the music for Sabbath morning and the three Festivals, adapted and arranged for the American synagogue. The following advisory committee was appointed to outline a plan for the future activity of the Society: Chairman, H. Silver- man; Secretary, S. Rappaport, Ed. Kartschmaroff, D. Cahn, Theo. Guinsburg, M. Martin, all of New York City; Ed. Stark, San Francisco, Cal.; M. Goldstein, Cincinnati, O.; Wm. Loewenberg, Philadelphia, Pa. A local branch of the Society for New York City was organized on November 15, 1903. During the winter of 1903-1904 it under- took to furnish, and did furnish, a cantor, every Saturday after- noon, for the divine service at the Educational Alliance, besides holding itself ready to meet all local emergencies that arise from time to time in the community. A movement is now on foot to make efforts tending toward uniformity in the worship, music, and hymns of the educational and benevolent institutions of New York City. Offlcers and Trustees.—President, S. Rappaport, 256 W. 98th; Vice-President, Ed. Kartschmaroff; Secretary, Joseph Man- delberg; Theo. Guinsburg, D. Cahn. OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTOES.—President, , Baltimore, Md.; Vice-President, S. Rappaport, New York City; Treasurer, Ed. Kartschmaroff, New York City; Secretary, Wm. Loewenberg, 1842 North 13th, Philadelphia, Pa.; David Cahn, Theo. Guinsburg, and H. Goldstein, New York City.

SOUTHERN RABBINICAL ASSOCIATION The Second Annual Convention of the Southern Rabbinical Association was held March 9-12, 1904, at Birmingham, Ala. There were twenty-four rabbis present, representing the fol- lowing Southern States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. The Secretary reported eight new members, elected during the year. The first evening of the Convention, the address of welcome was delivered by Rabbi Morris Newfield, of Birmingham Ala the response by the Rev. Dr. I. L. Leucht, of New Orleans, La." and the president's message by the Rev. Dr. Max Samfleld of Memphis, Tenn. ' The following papers were presented during the sessions- " The UNION OF HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 277

Jew as Statesman," by the Rev. Dr. Henry Barnstein, of Houston, Tex.; " Marcus Jastrow—his Life and Times," by Rabbi Wolf Willner, of Meridian, Miss.; "The Position and Influence of the Southern Rabbi among non-Jews," by Rabbi Joseph Blatt, of Columbus, Ga.; " Methods of Studying the History of Southern Jews and Judaism," by Rabbi Alfred G. Moses, of Mobile, Ala.; " Modern Tendencies in Judaism,' by Rabbi David Wittenberg, of Jacksonville, Fla. An address on " Circuit Work " was also given by Rabbi George Zepin, Director of Circuit Work of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. The Executive Committee pre- sented a report on " Rabbinical Ethics." The invitation of the Jewish Orphans' Home of New Orleans to meet in that city in January, 1905, and participate in the fiftieth anniversary of the institution, was unanimously accepted. It was moved to devote an entire day of the next session to a discussion of Sabbath School Work. OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—President, Max Samfield Memphis, Tenn.; Vice-President, George Solomon, Savannah, Ga. Secretary, David Marx, 270 Whitehall, Atlanta, Ga.; Treasurer, Edward S. Levy, Selma, Ala.; I. L. Leucht, New Orleans, La. Morris Newfield, Birmingham, Ala.; Louis Wolsey, Little Rock, Ark. The session closed with Sabbath Services, the Conference lec- ture being delivered by Rabbi Louis Wolsey, of Little Rock, Ark., and the Conference sermon by Rabbi George Solomon, of Savan- nah, Ga.

THE UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS On July 8, 1904, The Union of American Hebrew Congregations completed the thirty-first year of its existence. The past year was intermediate between two meetings of the Council, whose next meeting will be held in Chicago, 111., on January 17, 1905. The Union now comprises 128 congregations with an aggregate membership of fourteen thousand. The three most important subjects that have occupied the attention of the Executive Officers of The Union of American Hebrew Congregations during the past year are: The Hebrew Union College, the organization of Congregations and Sabbath Schools, and the protection of the civil rights of Jews where they were in jeopardy. HEBREW UNION COLLEGE During the past year the number of registered students was thirty-seven. Of these ten were in the Preparatory Department, and twenty-seven in the Collegiate Department. 278 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Ten members of the Senior Class were ordained at the Com- mencement exercises on June 11, 1904, the degree of Rabbi being conferred by the President, the Rev. Dr. K. Kohler, on Harry W. Ettelson, B. A.; Harry G. Friedman, B. A.; Ephraim Frisch, B. A.; Alfred T. Godshaw, B. A.; Samuel H. Goldenson, B. A.; Joseph Jasin, B. A.; Leonard J. Rothstein, B. A.; Mendel Silber, B. A.; Joseph H. Stolz, Ph. B.; and Nathan Stern, Ph. D. Rev. Dr. Samuel Sale, of St. Louis, Mo., delivered the Bac- calaureate sermon. Many valuable works have been added to the Library during the past year by purchase, and the card system of cataloguing has been introduced. It is intended to make large additions, by pur- chase, to the Library during the coming year, which will add materially to the scientific opportunities offered by the College. COURSE OF STUDY.—Hebrew Grammar, Bible and its Commen- taries of ancient and modern times, Talmud, Rabbinical Codes, Midrash, Jewish History and Literature, Jewish Philosophy, Liturgies, Pedagogics, Homiletics, Syriac, Arabic, and Aramaic. SCHOLAESHIPS.—Three annual scholarships have been estab- lished by patrons: The " Solomon Rayner Scholarship," donated by Mrs. Bertha Rayner Frank, of Baltimore, Md., of the value of three hundred dollars; the " Kaufmann Kohler Scholarship," donated by Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, of New York, of the value of one hundred dollars; the " Madeline Wise Rheinstrom Scholar- ship," donated by Mr. Sigmund Rheinstrom, Mis. Eva Wise, and Mr. Jacob Rheinstrom, of Cincinnati, O., of the value of two hundred and forty dollars. To these, the Board of Governors have added a number of scholarships ranging from one hundred and fifty dollars to two hundred and fifty dollars a year, which are awarded to deserving students as a reward for excellence in studies. PUBLICATIONS.—The following publications have been issued during the past year: 1. "Program," 1903-1904; 2. "Ceremonies at the Installation of Rev. Dr. Kaufmann Kohler as President of the Hebrew Union College," Sunday, October 18, 1903; 3. "The Hebrew Union College Annual," June, 1904. A movement is now on foot to erect a new College Building in the vicinity of the University of Cincinnati. FACULTY.—President and Professor of Historical and Systematic Theology and Hellenistic Literature, the Rev. Dr. Kaufmann Kohler; Professor of Jewish History and Literature, the Rev. Dr. G. Deutsch; Professor of Homiletics, Rabbi David Philipson, D. D.; Professor of Pedagogics and Ethics, Rabbi Louis Gross- mann, D. D.; Professor of Jewish Philosophy and Instructor in Talmud (Registrar), the Rev. Ephraim Feldman, B. D.; Professor of Talmud and Instructor in Jewish-Arabic Philosophy and Litera- UNION OF HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 279 ture, the Rev. Henry Malter, Ph. D.; Instructor in Bible and Targum, the Rev. S. Mannheimer, B. A.; Instructor in Hebrew and Aramaic (Secretary), Caspar Levias, M. A.; Instructor in Bible Exegesis, Moses Buttenwieser, Ph. D.; Instructor in Bible Exegesis and Rabbinic Literature, and Librarian, Max Schloes- singer, Ph. D.; Tutor in Elocution, James Madison Chapman, of Miami University. BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE.—Bernhard Bettmann, President; Edward L. Heinsheimer, Vice-President; Abe Bloom, Alfred M. Cohen, Nathan Drucker, Julius Freiberg, Simon Greenebaum, Jacob Kronacher, Louis S. Levi, Max B. May, Jacob Ottenheimer, the Rev. Dr. David Philipson, and Emil Pollak, of Cincinnati, 0.; the Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, Alfred M. Klein, and the Rev. Dr. Jos. Krauskopf, of Philadelphia, Pa.; Samuel Grabfelder, Louisville, Ky.; the Rev. Dr. Max Landsberg, Rochester, N. Y.; the Rev. Dr. J. Leonard Levy, Pittsburg, Pa.; Solms Marcus, Chicago, 111.; the Rev. M. Samfleld, Memphis, Tenn.; the Rev. Dr. Joseph Silverman, New York City; Louis Stern, New York City; and the Rev. Dr. Jacob Voorsanger, San Francisco, Cal. CIRCUIT WORK Rabbi George Zepin, formerly of Kalamazoo, Mich., a graduate of the Hebrew Union College, was appointed on September 1, 1903, as Director of Circuit Work. He has since then organized forty Congregations in Michigan, Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. These have an aggregate membership of nine hundred. The Sabbath Schools organized in these places instruct more than seven hundred pupils. These forty congregations have subscribed thirty thousand dollars for religious purposes for the first year. The Executive Board of the Union of American Hebrew Congre- gations has made a liberal appropriation for this work for the coming year, to include the appointment of an assistant to the Director, for which position the Rev. Alfred T. Godshaw has been chosen. It is contemplated by Rabbi Zepin to visit Span- ish-American countries for the purpose of Jewish propaganda, and sending Spanish-speaking students to the Hebrew Union Col- lege to qualify themselves for the Jewish ministry in their respec- tive homes. THE BOARD OF DELEGATES ON CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS RIGHTS This Board, under the chairmanship of the Honorable Simon Wolf, of Washington, D. C., has taken active measures for the protection of worthy Jewish immigrants who are in danger of being unjustly discriminated against when making efforts to find a home in this country. 280 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BOAED OF DELEGATES ON CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS RIGHTS.—David Adler, Milwaukee, Wis.; Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.; Israel Cowen, Chicago, 111.; Felix J. Dreyfous, New Orleans, La.; Henry S. Frank, Butte, Mont.; Nathan Frank, St. Louis, Mo.; Jacob Furth, Cleveland, O.; Louis J. Goldman, Cincinnati, O.; Joseph B. Greenhut, Peoria, 111.; Win. B. Hackenburg, Philadel- phia, Pa.; Isaias W. Hellmann, San Francisco, Cal.; Moritz Loth, Cincinnati, O.; M. Warley Platzek, New York City; Charles H. Schwab, Chicago, 111.; Lewis Seasongood, Cincinnati, O.; Alfred Selligman, Louisville, Ky.; Leo Wise, Cincinnati, O.; Simon Wolf, Chairman, Washington, D. C; Samuel Woolner, Peoria, 111.

THE ISAAC M. WISE MEMORIAL FUND Subscriptions to the Isaac M. Wise Memorial Fund have reached the sum of four hundred thousand dollars. It is contemplated to continue the subscriptions until the sum of one million dollars shall have been raised. EXECUTIVE BOABD OF THE UNION OP AMERICAN HEBREW CONGRE- GATIONS.—Isaac W. Bernheim, Louisville, Ky.; Marcus Bern- heimer, St. Louis, Mo.; Bernhard Bettmann, Cincinnati, 0.; Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.; Morris M. Conn, Little Rock, Ark.; Solomon Fox, Cincinnati, O.; Julius Freiberg, Cincinnati, O.; Louis J. Goldman, Vice-President, Cincinnati, 0.; Nathan Ham- burger, Milwaukee, Wis.; Samuel B. Hamburger, New York City; Samuel Heavenrich, Detroit, Mich.; Lewis Heinsheimer, Cincin- nati, O.; Abram J. Katz, Rochester, N. Y.; Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111.; Louis Krohn, Treasurer, Cincinnati, O.; Moritz Loth, Cin- cinnati, O.; Baruch Mahler, Cleveland, O.; Morris Newburger, Philadelphia, Pa.; Abram Oppenheimer, Buffalo, N. Y.; Sigmund Rheinstrom, Cincinnati, O.; Jacob H. Schiff, New York City; Charles Shohl, Cincinnati, 0.; Julius Straus, Richmond, Va.; Isaac Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Julius Weis, New Orleans, La.; Emanuel Wertheimer, Pittsburg, Pa.; Samuel Woolner, President, Peoria, 111.; Sol. Sulzberger, New York City; Lipman Levy, Secre- tary, Commercial Tribune Building, Cincinnati, O.

HEBREW UNION COLLEGE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION The annual meeting of the Alumni Association of the Hebrew Union College was held at Louisville, Ky., June 28, 1904, Rabbi Joseph Stolz presiding, Rabbi Emil Leipziger serving as Secre- tary, 36 members present. A constitution was adopted containing the following provision: " The object of this Association shall be to cement the bonds of fraternal relationship and elevate the ethics of the profession; to keep the graduates in closer touch with their Alma Mater and ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS 281 the student body; to secure and exercise a collective voice and representation in the administration of the College; to encourage united effort in bringing the interests of the College before the people, looking towards the establishment of professorships and scholarships and the securing of additional subscriptions to the Endowment Fund; to encourage the study of Jewish lore and scholarly investigations; to co-operate with the Union of Amer- ican Hebrew Congregations and the Central Conference of Amer- ican Rabbis, enlarge their usefulness and secure their perpet- uation; to assist one another in the furthering of national pro- jects for the advancement of American Israel; to collate statistics regarding the life and activities of the graduates." The Historian and Treasurer submitted their annual reports. The President reported that the monument erected by the Alumni upon the grave of the Rev. Dr. Moses Mielziner would be dedicated July 3, with the following program: Prayer, Rabbi Nathan Krasnowetz; Scriptural Reading, Rabbi Harry Levi; Ad- dresses: Rabbis Stolz, Franklin, and Rosenau; Kaddish, Rabbi Jacob Mielziner. Fifty Dollars was appropriated for the next Hebrew Union College " Annual." Two annual prizes consisting of a copy of Mikraot Gedolot and of Yad ha-hazaka were voted for the most meritorious scholars in the collegiate department of the Hebrew Union College. In honor of the seventieth birthday of Mr. B. Bettmann, Presi- dent of the Board of Governors of the Hebrew Union College, Mr. Leo Mielziner, of Paris, was commissioned to paint an oil portrait of the septuagenarian, the same to be hung on the walls of the college as a testimonial of the Alumni's appreciation of Mr. Bettmann's valuable services to the institution. Dr. Krauskopf reported that the Isaac M. Wise Endowment Fund, started by the Alumni and fostered by the Union of Amer- ican Hebrew Congregations, amounted to $387,000, and the indi- vidual members of the Alumni had subscribed $20,275 to the Fund. An additional pledge of $15,000 was made at the meeting. A committee was appointed to write a College Song. OFFICERS.—President, Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111.; Vice-President, E. N. Calish, Richmond, Va.; Treasurer, A. Hirshberg, Chicago, 111.; Secretary, E. W. Leipziger, 706 South Fifth, Terre Haute, Ind.; Historian, D. Lefkowitz, Dayton, Ohio.

THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA The year 5664 was intermediate between two biennial meetings of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of the United 282 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

States and Canada. President, Rev. Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, 99 Central Park West, New York City; Secretary, Albert Lucas, 56 West 105th, New York City.

t UNITED ORTHODOX RABBIS OF AMERICA The Third Annual Convention of the United Orthodox Rabbis of America was held in New York City July 3-7, 1904. There were present upwards of fifty members, out of a membership of somewhat more than eighty. In the absence of the Rev. B. L. Levinthal, of Philadelphia, the earlier sessions of the Conven- tion were presided over by Rabbi A. J. G. Lesser, of Cincinnati. On the receipt of the news of the death of Theodor Herzl, reso- lutions of respect to his memory were adopted, and a eulogy pronounced by Rabbi S. Margolies, of Boston. On the last even- ing but one of the Convention, a memorial service under the auspices of the Mizrachi wing of the Zionist organization was held at the synagogue of the Anshe Suwalk Congregation, which was attended by the rabbis in a body, the service being conducted by Rabbi J. D. Ridwas, of Chicago, and the Rev. Dr. Philip Klein, of New York. Among the speakers were Rabbis Sivitz, of Pitts- burg; Lasker, of Troy; Rosenberg, of Brooklyn; Goodman, of Jersey City; and Rosenberg, of Bayonne, N. J. The following resolutions were passed: That laymen be invited to join the organization in order to represent the orthodox con- gregations in all matters save those pertaining to the rabbinical law; that a conference of teachers be convened to draft the cur- riculum for Talmud Torahs; that a special organization to strengthen be called into existence; and that the authorities presiding over Talmud Torahs and Yeshibahs be requested to institute lectures for the young on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. OFFICERS.—President, A. J. G. Lesser, Cincinnati, O.; First Vice-President, S. Margolies, Boston, Mass.; Second Vice-Presi- dent, B. Abrahamowitz, New York; Treasurer, D. Ginsburg, Rochester, N. Y.; Secretary, J. J. Falk Israelite, Chelsea, Mass.