Red Lake River Watershed WRAPS
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Red Lake River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy Report November 2019 Red Lake River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategies Report 1 wq-ws4-60a Project Partners Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Red Lake Watershed District Minnesota Department of Natural Resources RMB Environmental Laboratories Pennington County Soil and Water Conservation District Red Lake County Soil and Water Conservation District West Polk County Soil and Water Conservation District Emmons and Olivier Resources Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources Red Lake River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategies Report 2 Contents Project Partners......................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... viii Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................. x Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. xi What is the WRAPS Report?.................................................................................................................... 13 1. Watershed Background & Description ........................................................................... 15 1.1 Land Use ...................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Streams ....................................................................................................................................... 19 1.3 Subwatersheds ............................................................................................................................ 21 1.4 Impoundments ............................................................................................................................ 24 2. Watershed Condition .................................................................................................... 27 2.1 Condition Status .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.2 Water Quality Trends .................................................................................................................. 42 2.3 Stressors and Sources .................................................................................................................. 55 2.3.1 Total Suspended Solids .............................................................................................................. 57 2.3.2 E. coli ................................................................................................................................... 72 2.3.3 Stressors of Biologically-Impaired Stream Reaches ............................................................ 81 2.4 TMDL Summary ........................................................................................................................... 82 2.5 Protection Considerations ........................................................................................................... 86 2.5.1. Aquatic Invasive Species Plans ............................................................................................ 87 2.5.2. Distributed Retention ......................................................................................................... 88 2.5.3. Nutrient Reduction Plans .................................................................................................... 89 3. Prioritizing and Implementing Restoration and Protection ............................................ 92 3.1 Targeting of Geographic Areas ................................................................................................... 93 Red Lake River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy Report 3 3.1.1 Prioritize, Target, and Measure Application ....................................................................... 94 3.1.2 Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN (HSPF) Model ............................................. 99 3.1.3 Terrain Analysis and Stream Power Index (SPI) ................................................................ 101 3.1.4 SWAT Model ..................................................................................................................... 106 3.1.5 Longitudinal Water Quality Sampling ............................................................................... 106 3.1.6 Assessment of Fluvial Geomorphology ......................................................................... 115 3.2 Civic Engagement ...................................................................................................................... 116 Public notice for comments .............................................................................................................. 119 3.3 Restoration & Protection Strategies ......................................................................................... 119 3.3.1 09020303 Watershed-Wide Strategies ............................................................................. 123 3.3.2 0902030302 Strategies for the Upper reach of the Red Lake River ................................. 130 3.3.3 090203030 Strategies for the “City of St. Hilaire” Red Lake River HUC10 ........................ 133 3.3.4 0902030304 – Strategies for the Black River HUC10 Subwatershed ................................ 138 3.3.5 0902030305 - Strategies for the “City of Crookston” Red Lake River HUC10 .................. 143 3.3.6 0902030306 – Strategies for the Burnham Creek HUC10 Subwatershed ........................ 150 3.3.7 0902030307 - Strategies for the Lower Red Lake River and Heartsville Coulee ............... 154 4. Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................................... 158 5. References and Further Information ........................................................................... 168 Red Lake River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy Report 4 List of Figures Figure 1-1. Red Lake River Land Cover (2011 National Land Cover Database). .......................................... 17 Figure 1-2. 2015 United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data. ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Figure 1-3. Historical and current images of the Thief River Falls Dam. ..................................................... 19 Figure 1-4. Red Lake River Watershed map, with subwatersheds. ............................................................ 20 Figure 1-5. 2016 Red Lake River Watershed Subwatersheds. .................................................................... 22 Figure 1-6. Direct drainage areas of impaired waters in the Red Lake River Watershed. .......................... 23 Figure 1-7. Locations of impoundments within the Red Lake River Watershed and the RLW. .................. 26 Figure 2-1. Historical quantification of water quality monitoring data collection. .................................... 28 Figure 2-2. Changes in the number of impairments and impaired reaches over time. .............................. 28 Figure 2-3. Map of the 2018 Red Lake River Watershed Aquatic Life and Recreation Impairments. ........ 31 Figure 2-4. A comparison of TSS and turbidity values within the Red River (09020303) watershed. The data source was all data collected in the years 2006 through 2015 that was stored in the EQuIS database in early 2016................................................................................................................................................ 37 Figure 2-5. Rates at which the TSS standard is exceeded in impaired reaches of the Red Lake River. ...... 37 Figure 2-6. Relative severity of DO impairments, based on 2006-2015 data. ............................................ 38 Figure 2-7. Fish IBI scores on impaired reaches and expectations of applied standards. .......................... 40 Figure 2-8. Macroinvertebrate IBI scores on impaired reaches and expectations of applied standards. .. 41 Figure 2-9. Fish IBI assessment locations with scores and DNR catchment IBI health score. .................... 41 Figure 2-10. Macroinvertebrate IBI assessment locations with scores and DNR catchment IBI health score. ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 2-11. Upward trends in average E. coli concentrations and sample collection efforts. .................. 44 Figure 2-12. Summer DO trend in the Red Lake River at the Murray Bridge in East Grand Forks. ............ 45 Figure 2-13. Trend of Red Lake River TSS at the Murray Bridge in East Grand Forks. ................................ 46 Figure 2-14. Trend of yearly average Red Lake River TSS at Fisher. ........................................................... 47 Figure 2-15. Trend in September DO readings in the Red Lake River at Crookston. .................................