DOCSLIB.ORG

Te Matai and Pakaututu Was a Fringe Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TEMATAI and PAI<AUTUTU Dean Cowie Waitangi Tribunal, June 1998 THE AUTHOR Tena koutou. My name is Dean Cowie. I am a Pakeha male, of Scottish ancestry. My family live in Kaitaia, Muriwhenua. I am an historian, currently residing in Wellington. My qualifications relate to the study of New Zealand history. In May 1994 I graduated from the University of Auckland with a Master of Arts (1st class Hons) degree in History. I commenced work as a commissioned researcher for the Waitangi Tribunal in April 1994. I have facilitated the Mohaka ki Ahuriri claims inquiry since 1995. Since March 1996 I have held the position of senior research officer. Between November 1995 and August 1996 I researched and wrote an overview report about the principal means by which land was alienated in Hawke's Bay. Forming part of the Waitangi Tribunal's Rangahaua Whanui Series, the report was released in September 1996. In May 1997 I released a historical report on aspects of the Wai 168 (Waiohiki Lands) claim. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to several people who assisted in the writing of this report. Firstly, to Nigel Baker, Albert Eden, Angela and Haami Harmer who helped me understand the history of TeMatai and Pakaututu, and whose generous hospitality was greatly appreciated. Secondly, to Richard Moorsom whose related research topics enabled him to provide much needed advice on the research required for this report. Thirdly, to Grant Phillipson for providing insightful and erudite feedback on a draft of this report. Finally, my thanks are extended to Mike Fromont and the staff of the Hastings Maori Land Court, for their always friendly and courteous assistance to me. 11 CONTENTS Introduction .... .. I I Pakaututu Introduction . .. 4 Applications to investigate title ............................... 5 The Court's title investigation ............................... II The alienation of Pakaututu . .. 26 Post-alienation events ................ "~ . .. 34 2 Crown purchasing and the Te Matai I block Crown purchasing in the late 1870s . .. 36 The investigat..i,on of title to Te Matai . .. 38 The Governor's application ................................. 42 Confusion over boundaries . .. 44 Te Matai -1881 to 1922 ................................... 46 3 Renewed calls for title investigation 1922-1928 Introduction . .. 49 The applicants ........................................... 50 Where should the Court sit? ................................ 50 Where was Te Matai and did the Crown own it? ................. 57 Further delays . .. 65 4 The 1928 hearing Introduction . .. 67 The Ngati Tuwharetoa case ................................. 67 The Ngati Hineuru case .................................... 69 The Ngati Whitikaupeka case ................................ 72 The Te Turuki and Tawhao case ............................. 73 Paora Rokino' s response . .. 74 The Court's decision . .. 74 The aftermath ............................................ 75 5 The 1950s title investigation Introduction . .. 79 The Ngati Tutemahuta case .. .. 81 The Otene Claim ....................................... 84 The Te Tauri (Ngati Rangiita) case ......................... 84 iii The Ngati Hineuru case ... .. 85 The Tareha claim ........ .. 86 The Ngati Hawea claim .................................. 87 The Ehau and Rutene claim . .. 87 The Decision .......................................... 88 The Appeals ........................................... 91 Protest by Tuiri Tareha .................................. 93 6 Debt, Timber, and Access Introduction . .. 94 Debt ................................................. 95 Timber and Development . .. 98 Access. .. 105 7 Conclusion Introduction . .. 108 Pakaututu', . .. 108 Te Matai . .. 110 The Effect: . .. 114 Bibliography ll6 Appendices I Research Commission for Dean Cowie II Wai 216 Statements of claim MAPS Figure 1 General location map ................................ facing I Figure 2 Topographical map .................................. facing 3 Figure 3 The Pakaututu Plan ................................ facing 27 Figure 4 Pakaututu Farm Settlement ................... .. facing 34 Figure 5 Pakaututu Title Information Map ..................... facing 35 Figure 6 Confiscation Boundaries Map ........................ facing 44 Figure 7 Mohaka-Waikare 1868 Agreement Map ................ facing 45 Figure 8 Te Matai Plan 1951 ................................ facing 79 Figure 9 Roadway Order 1956 .............................. facing 105 iv ABBREVIATIONS app appendix AGG-HB Agent General Government, Hawke's Bay AJHR Appendices to the House of Representatives CB Waitangi Tribunal casebook (Mohaka ki Ahuriri) CCL Commissioner Crown Lands CJ Chief Judge CS Chief Surveyor DG Director-General, Department of Lands and Survey doc document DOC Department of Conservation fig figure FS Forest Service HO Head Office LINZ Land Information New Zealand LS Departm..ent of Lands and Survey MA Maori Affairs MB Minute Book (Native and Maori Land Court) Na Napier (Maori Land Court, Hastings, archival reference) NA National Archives, Wellington NZG New Zealand Gazette ROD Record of Documents USLS Under Secretary Lands and Survey Department USND Under Secretary Native Department Wai Waitangi Tribunal claim v INTRODUCTION This report uses official sources to document the title history of Pakaututu and Te Matai blocks. The six chapters are arranged chronologically. The report is written to enable the Waitangi Tribunal to inquire into claim Wai 216. This claim was received on 13 June 1991, and registered by the Tribunal on 20 June 1991. 1 The claimants amended their statement of claim on 16 January 1996 and added to it further on 8 January 1997.2 Copi~ are appended to this report (see app II). On 8 March 1996, claimant Nigel Baker was authorised to commission Buddy Mikaere to complete a report on behalf of the claimants. Mr Mikaere's report and collection of documents was released on 23 July 1997.3 On 21 August 1997 Nigel Baker was commissioned to provide further evidence on behalf of the claimants. I was also commissioned to provide a historical report on behalf of the Tribunal on 21 August.4 A copy of the commission for this report is attached as appendix 1. Pakaututu and Te Matai lie within the watershed of the Mohaka and Ripia Rivers (see fig 1). The divide between the two when surveyed was the Makiekie Stream and the Whakahu Bush. But the separation was a legal definition rather than a traditional one. Most Maori witnesses at Maori Land Court hearings stated that it was one area. Depending from which direction they were approaching the area, different hapu I Paper 2.43, Wai 201 Record of Proceedings 2 Papers 1.21(a), 1.21(b), Wai 201 Record of Proceedings 3 Document 01, and 01 (a)-( c), Wai 201 Record of Documents 4 Maori Land Court records and the relevant files of the Maori Affairs and Lands and Survey departments form the bulk of the primary evidence in this report. Two relevant files could not be located by National Archives staff; Land Purchase Department file 90/374, and Forest Service file 9/3/60. groups regarded Pakaututu and Te Matai as one self-contained area, or considered it as part of the larger Wharetoto, or Tarawera area. Each version was correct. Ngati Hotu were the original occupants of the area. It is from their chief Te Matai Ahinu that the block obtained its name. According to Paora Rokino's evidence given to the Native Land Court in 1928, Te Matai was slain in battle on the block by invading Ngati Kurapoto, who eventually occupied the land.5 Ngati Maruahine6 were closely associated with Ngati Kurapoto. Both descent groups' interests in the area were undisputed. The ancestral links of the next stage of traditional history are also not contested, although the political effect of the links differs according to each hapu group's tradition. Ngati Tuwharetoa claimed that they conquered Ngati Kurapoto - and Ngati Maruahine,-intermarryingwith them to occupy the area. Ngati Whiti were driven from the area to Patea, and following the defeat of Ngati Kahutapere at Te Kupenga Pa, the area north and west of the Mohaka River became part of the rohe of Ngati Tuwharetoa.7 Ngati Hineuru agreed with much of the above version. They claimed, however, that they had exercised autonomous control over the area underneath the Tuwharetoa umbrella. 8 Select Ngati Kahungunu hapu (Ngai Tamawahine, Ngati Mahu, Ngati Hawea) disputed Ngati Tuwharetoa's claim, instead arguing that Tawhao and Te Turuki ( who links with Maruahine) conquered and occupied the area. 9 It is not the purpose of this report to evaluate the ancestral history. As Ballara and Scott comment in their traditional history of the Kaweka area: 'the complex interaction of hapu of many different ancestral origins over time make it very difficult to establish any complete list of owners'. 10 5 Napier MB 74, Paora Rokino, p 180 6 Sometimes spelt Maruwahine or Maruawahine. 7 Napier MB 74, Paora Rokino, pp 180-182 8 For example, see Napier MB 74, Tuiti McDonald, pp 196-202; Wano Taungakore, 211-212; and Napier MB 89, Raroa Sullivan, typed extract, MA5/13/236, pp 16-17 9 For example, see Napier MB 74, Patu Te Rito, pp 217-218 10 H A Ballara and G Scott, 'Kaweka', p 4, in 'Crown Purchases of Maori Land in Early Provincial Hawke's Bay', 1994, Wai 201 Record of Documents (ROD), document II 2 Te Matai and Pakaututu was a fringe area. Many groups ranged over the blocks, occupying and using resources on a periodic and seasonal basis. Pakaututu and Te Matai were part of a buffer area between two
Recommended publications
  • The New Zealand Government's Niupepa and Their Demise

    The New Zealand Government's Niupepa and Their Demise

    New Zealand Journal of History, 50, 2 (2016) The New Zealand Government’s Niupepa and their Demise THE NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT published the last issue of its final niupepa (Māori-language newspaper), Te Waka Maori o Niu Tirani, on 18 September 1877. Te Waka Maori bookended 35 years of government niupepa production: its first newspaper,Te Karere o Nui Tireni, appeared on 1 January 1842, less than two years after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. However, this was not the first time the government quietly withdrew from niupepa production: its first newspaper expired in a shakeup of native affairs in 1846; and its second sequence ended in 1863 at the height of the Waikato War. The fall of Te Waka Maori was decisive, and it was not until the 1950s, with Te Ao Hou, that an official periodical was published to entertain and inform Māori readers. This article is the first to survey the trajectory of official involvement in newspaper production through its three phases. It also seeks to answer why, on three occasions (1846, 1863 and 1877), the government withdrew from niupepa production, arguing that immediate political concerns were pertinent to the government’s decision-making – a change of policy, war and a major libel case respectively. The article also posits that changes within Māori society, such as the advent of the Native Land Court and village-based Native Schools, made niupepa less essential to the government’s plans. The Niupepa Māori Corpus and Research The niupepa corpus offers considerable scope for ongoing historical enquiry. With about 30 publications1 disseminated by government, as well as by religious and Māori political groups or individuals, from the 1840s to the 1960s, niupepa offer invaluable insights on the development of a Māori- language print culture, as well as a wide range of content on Māori society of the time, revealing Māori intellectual frameworks, political networks and changing cultural landscapes.
  • East Coast Inquiry District: an Overview of Crown-Maori Relations 1840-1986

    East Coast Inquiry District: an Overview of Crown-Maori Relations 1840-1986

    OFFICIAL Wai 900, A14 WAI 900 East Coast Inquiry District: An Overview of Crown- Maori Relations 1840-1986 A Scoping Report Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal Wendy Hart November 2007 Contents Tables...................................................................................................................................................................5 Maps ....................................................................................................................................................................5 Images..................................................................................................................................................................5 Preface.................................................................................................................................................................6 The Author.......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................ 6 Note regarding style........................................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter One: Introduction ......................................................................................................................
  • Heretaunga Haukū Nui

    Heretaunga Haukū Nui

    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Heretaunga Haukū Nui A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Māori Studies) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Pōhatu Paku 2015 Abstract Relationships with the environment for Ngāti Hāwea sit at the core of everyday living. Everything is connected. The essence of this philosophy arises from whakapapa, mauri, mana and tikanga. Practices based on an understanding of the environment have supported Ngāti Hāwea in maintaining and sustaining whānau and communities for many centuries. At present, key natural and physical resource management legislation define obligations and relationships when working with Māori in this space. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the Local Government Act 2002 and the Resource Management Act 1991 requires engagement and capacity for Māori to contribute to the decision-making processes of any local authority in its operations. This project aims to contribute to the bigger picture around engagement with Māori, and furthermore Māori-Council relationships. This project seeks how effective engagement brings with it not only opportunities for Māori, hapū and local government players, but also the different meanings and expectations that stakeholders bring to inclusive practices and the implications for policy engagement. This study is interested in the processes by which Māori and the Hawkes Bay Regional Council engage with each other, and examines the ways in which natural resource management operations recognize and facilitate hapū values, interests and aspirations under statute.
  • Bthe Waipukurau Purchase and The

    Bthe Waipukurau Purchase and The

    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. I Mārama te Rironga ko a te Kuīni The Waipukurau Purchase and the Subsequent Consequences on Central Hawke’s Bay Māori to 1900. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University Manawatū, New Zealand Michael Allan Hunter 2019 i Abstract In 1820s and 1830s Māori from Central Hawke’s Bay came into contact with Pākehā for the first time and they began to trade. From this contact they began to see the benefits of Pākehā. So they requested the government to establish a Pākehā settlement and offered land for sale. Land was purchased at Waipukurau on 4 November 1851. Donald McLean made sweeping promises of benefits and riches when the deed was signed however these benefits and riches would never come to the Māori of Central Hawke’s Bay. The Waipukurau purchase opened the door for more purchases. The Māori of Central Hawke’s Bay began alienating their land. First through direct purchasing with Donald McLean then through the Native Land Court. Māori would soon find themselves in debt which would lead to the Hawke’s Bay Native Lands Alienation Commission 1873. Central Hawke’s Bay Māori emerged as leaders of the Repudiation Movement of the 1870s and then the Kotahitanga Māori Parliament of the 1890s in order to fight for their lost lands.
  • Māori Election Petitions of the 1870S: Microcosms of Dynamic Māori and Pākehā Political Forces

    Māori Election Petitions of the 1870S: Microcosms of Dynamic Māori and Pākehā Political Forces

    Māori Election Petitions of the 1870s: Microcosms of Dynamic Māori and Pākehā Political Forces PAERAU WARBRICK Abstract Māori election petitions to the 1876 Eastern Māori and the 1879 Northern Māori elections were high-stakes political manoeuvres. The outcomes of such challenges were significant in the weighting of political power in Wellington. This was a time in New Zealand politics well before the formation of political parties. Political alignments were defined by a mixture of individual charismatic men with a smattering of provincial sympathies and individual and group economic interests. Larger-than-life Māori and Pākehā political characters were involved in the election petitions, providing a window not only into the complex Māori political relationships involved, but also into the stormy Pākehā political world of the 1870s. And this is the great lesson about election petitions. They involve raw politics, with all the political theatre and power play, which have as much significance in today’s politics as they did in the past. Election petitions are much more than legal challenges to electoral races. There are personalities involved, and ideological stances between the contesting individuals and groups that back those individuals. Māori had to navigate both the Pākehā realm of central and provincial politics as well as the realm of Māori kin-group politics at the whānau, hapū and iwi levels of Māoridom. The political complexities of these 1870s Māori election petitions were but a microcosm of dynamic Māori and Pākehā political forces in New Zealand society at the time. At Waitetuna, not far from modern day Raglan in the Waikato area, the Māori meeting house was chosen as one of the many polling booths for the Western Māori electorate in the 1908 general election.1 At 10.30 a.m.
  • The Native Land Court and the Ten Owner Rule in Hawke's Bay, 1866-1873: an Analysis

    The Native Land Court and the Ten Owner Rule in Hawke's Bay, 1866-1873: an Analysis

    169 THE NATIVE LAND COURT AND THE TEN OWNER RULE IN HAWKE'S BAY, 1866-1873: AN ANALYSIS Richard Boast* and Lisa Lefever Black** This article is an analysis of the operation of the 'ten owner rule' established by section 23 of the Native Lands Act 1865 in the Hawke's Bay region. It was in Hawke's Bay that the effects of the rule were most significant. The article analyses the precise effects of the rule based on a full examination of the unpublished manuscript records of the Native Land Court. The article shows that in fact many blocks of land were allocated to fewer than ten owners and that typically alienation to private sector purchasers was very rapid. During the ten owner period the Native Land Court essentially did not issue judgments but just recorded the lists of grantees in the Court records, as was the Court's practice in other areas at this time. The ten owner system was paradoxically both revolutionary and conservative in that it created a new kind of tenure and led to the rapid development of an unregulated market in Maori land in the province while at the same time it reinforced the power of the indigenous chiefly elites. The net effect was rapid dispossession, leading to a great deal of protest resulting ultimately in a remodelling of the Maori land system in 1873. Cet article est une étude de la règle dite des 'dix propriétaires', mise en place par l'article 23 du Native Land Act de 1865 dans la région de Hawkes Bay située sur la côte Est de l'île du Nord en Nouvelle-Zélande.