An Assesment of the Value of a Small Nature Reserve, with Particular
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Somatic Embryogenesis and Regeneration of Endangered Cycad Species
Somatic Embryogenesis and Regeneration of Endangered Cycad Species R.E. Litz and P.A. Moon V.M. Chavez Avila Tropical Research and Education Center Jardin Botanico, Instituto de Biologia University of Florida Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 18905 SW 280 Street Apartado Postal 70-614 Homestead FL, 33031-3314 04510 Mexico DF USA Mexico Keywords: Somatic embryo, gymnosperm, Cycadales, conservation Abstract The Cycadales (Gymnospermae) include some of the world's most endangered and rare plant species. Many of the cycad species are known only as single specimen trees (e.g., Encephalartos woodii), as very small populations in the wild (e.g., Ceratozamia hildae) or have become extinct in the wild (e.g., Ceratozamia euryphyllidia). All cycads are dioecious, so that seed production is no longer possible with the rarest of the species. Conditions for induction of embryogenic cultures from leaves of mature phase trees of several species in the family Zamiaceae have been reported, and plants have been regenerated from somatic embryos. Embryogenic cultures of two species have been successfully cryopreserved. These strategies should contribute to the conservation of these endangered species and could lay the basis for commercial propagation of these beautiful but rare plants. INTRODUCTION The Cycadales represent the most ancient surviving group of higher plants, having arisen during the Permian era and flourished in the Mesozoic and Jurassic periods. They have been referred to as "living fossils" (Gilbert, 1984). Norstog (1987) considered that the cycads are unique for the study of the evolution of development in higher plants. There are only three extant cycad families, the Cycadaceae, Stangeriaceae and Zamiaceae, and these contain approximately 224 species. -
ENCEPHALARTOSNCEPHALARTOS Tydskrif Van Die Broodboom Vereniging Van Suid-Afrika
Journal of the Cycad Society of South Africa EENCEPHALARTOSNCEPHALARTOS Tydskrif van die Broodboom Vereniging van Suid-Afrika No. 109 September 2012 ISSN 1012-9987 Visits to three Encephalartos ferox colonies: provisional impressions Philip Rousseau¹* & George James Mann² As part of the larger endeavor to produce a mono- graphic revision of the genus Encephalartos, field work was conducted on three natural populations of Encephalartos ferox. Encephalartos ferox has always been regarded as a morphologically (both vegetative and reproductive) variable species (Vorster 2004), yet easily distinguishable as a sp e cie s, even at juvenile and s e e dling s t age s. B e c aus e of its well-defined diagnostic features, Dr. Piet Vorster places the species as unassociated in his groupings of species, a position confirmed by the senior author’s molecular work (Rousseau 2012). Encephalartos ferox is characterised by very wide ovate and heavily dentate leaflets, undulate in its width, unmistakable smooth pinkish to red cones, and seeds with a red sarcotesta. Amongst collectors special interest has always been shown towards the variability primarily in the so called “cigar leaf form” (Figure 1) and the “yellow cone form” (Figure 2). The known distribution of E. ferox extends from northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, northwards in a more or less continues strip halfway up the Mozambican coast, the latter range involving the provinces of Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane and Sofala. Plants invariably grows at low elevation and close to the sea (IUCN 2010). The first field trip was by the first author to a population in the northeastern corner of KwaZulu-Natal (Maputaland) in January 2012. -
Species Encephalartos Family Zamiaceae CITES Listing Appendix I Common Names Cycad Trade All South African Cycad Species (Encephalartos Spp
SANBI IDentifyIt - Species Encephalartos Family Zamiaceae CITES Listing Appendix I Common names Cycad Trade All South African cycad species (Encephalartos spp. and Stangeria eriopus) are listed on CITES Appendix I. While no international trade is permitted in wild plants, trade is permitted in artificially propagated plants that meet certain requirements, for example, the stem diameter is less than 15 cm. The National Cycad Policy, when redrafted, will detail trade standards such as the types of shipping containers that may be used, how these containers should be sealed and when microchips are needed. Once completed, this information will be made available on the DEAT website (www.environment.gov.za). Identifying cycadsUnless complex botanical keys are used, specific cycad identification is very difficult. However, as all cycads are protected by CITES and national legislation, it is sufficient to recognise that a plant is a cycad. Become familiar with the terminology of cycad structure and the key to cycad genera, but always remember to call an expert for assistance (see Contacts). Note that there are three plant families containing cycads. Of the two genera found in South Africa, Stangeria has a single species, Stangeria eriopus. This plant, which occurs on the East coast of South Africa, has soft, fern-like pinnate leaves from 30cm to 2m long (see picture). Lateral veins arise at almost right angles to the midrib of the leaflets. Members of the genus Encephalartos can be recognized by the following basic characteristics: Leaves are pinnate, leaflets with sunken, parallel veins (no midrib). Leaflets are hard and prickly and DO NOT bend easily: they may be deep green, blue green, or grey. -
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
REPUBLIC OF GHANA MINISTRY OF ENVIORNMENT, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ACCRA NOVEMBER 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v Abbreviations/ Acronyms .............................................................................................................. vi FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ x CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Territorial Area ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Biogeographical Zones ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Biodiversity and its Significance ..................................................................................... 2 1.4 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Ecosystem in Ghana .............................................................. 3 1.4.1 The Flora of Terrestrial Systems.............................................................................. -
Exposing the Illegal Trade in Cycad Species (Cycadophyta: Encephalartos) at Two Traditional Medicine Markets in South Africa Using DNA Barcoding1 J
771 ARTICLE Exposing the illegal trade in cycad species (Cycadophyta: Encephalartos) at two traditional medicine markets in South Africa using DNA barcoding1 J. Williamson, O. Maurin, S.N.S. Shiba, H. van der Bank, M. Pfab, M. Pilusa, R.M. Kabongo, and M. van der Bank Abstract: Species in the cycad genus Encephalartos are listed in CITES Appendix I and as Threatened or Protected Species in terms of South Africa’s National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) of 2004. Despite regulations, illegal plant harvesting for medicinal trade has continued in South Africa and resulted in declines in cycad populations and even complete loss of sub-populations. Encephalartos is traded at traditional medicine markets in South Africa in the form of bark strips and stem sections; thus, determining the species traded presents a major challenge due to a lack of characteristic plant parts. Here, a case study is presented on the use of DNA barcoding to identify cycads sold at the Faraday and Warwick traditional medicine markets in Johannesburg and Durban, respectively. Market samples were sequenced for the core DNA barcodes (rbcLa and matK) as well as two additional regions: nrITS and trnH-psbA. The barcoding database for cycads at the University of Johannesburg was utilized to assign query samples to known species. Three approaches were followed: tree-based, similarity-based, and character-based (BRONX) methods. Market sam- ples identified were Encephalartos ferox (Near Threatened), Encephalartos lebomboensis (Endangered), Encephalartos natalensis (Near Threatened), Encephalartos senticosus (Vulnerable), and Encephalartos villosus (Least Concern). Results from this study are crucial for making appropriate assessments and decisions on how to manage these markets. -
National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (57/2003): Consultation Process in Terms of the Act: Intention to Declare the Following 1699
126 No. 1699 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE, 7 JULY 2016 MUNICIPAL NOTICE 100 OF 2016 100 National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (57/2003): Consultation process in terms of the Act: Intention to declare the following 1699 KWAZULU-NATAL NATURE CONSERVATION BOARD E Z E N I V E L O ETHEKWINI KZN WILDLIFE MUNICIPALITY CONSULTATION PROCESS IN TERMS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: PROTECTED AREAS ACT, 2003 (ACT NO. 57 OF 2003): INTENTION TO DECLARE THE FOLLOWING: Notice is hereby given by the Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs in KwaZulu-Natal, in terms of section 33 (1) of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 2003 (Act No. 57 of 2003) of the intention to declare the following reserves, in terms of Section 23 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 2003. The proposed protected area is located on the following properties: Burman Bush Nature Reserve: Portion 2 of 40 Durban, situated in the eThekwini municipality, Registration Division FU, Province KwaZulu-Natal, in extent of 0.2786 hectares as indicated in Proclamation Diagram SG 603/2015 Portion 7 of 40 Durban, situated in the eThekwini municipality, Registration Division FU, Province KwaZulu-Natal, in extent of 0.4592 hectares as indicated in Proclamation Diagram SG 603/2015 Remainder of 45 Durban, situated in the eThekwini municipality, Registration Division FU, Province KwaZulu-Natal, in extent of 0.8012 hectares as indicated in Proclamation Diagram SG 603/2015 Portion 1 of 45 Durban, situated -
MINUTES Ethekwini Biodiversity Forum 17 May 2012 9H00 – 12H00 Paradise Valley Nature Reserve
MINUTES eThekwini Biodiversity Forum 17 May 2012 9h00 – 12h00 Paradise Valley Nature Reserve PRESENT Aarnia van Vuuren AV Jabulani Khoza JK Nomafu Dlamini ND Avrille Coen AC Jean Lindsay JL Olwen Cranstow OC Barry Lang BL Jo Boulle JB Vuyiswa Radebe-Thabethe VR Basheshile Thusi BT Kate Richardson KR Rashieda Davids RD Bryan Ashe BA Kevin Collett KC Richard Boon RB Bheka Nxele BN Katherine Terblanche KT Richard Lundie RL Derrek Ruiters DR Lesley Frescura LF Rodney Bartholomew RB1 Di Higginson DH Lettie Coskey LC Robert Jamieson RJ Errol Douwes ED Lyle Ground LG Sarah Chilee SC Geoff Pullan GP Lynne Thompson LT Suvarna Parbhoo SP Gerald Clarke GK Lilian Develing LD Teddy Govender TG Graham Cairns GC Martin Clement MC Terry Stewart TS Heather Cairns HC Natasha Govender NG Jabu Sithole JS Nick Liebenberg NL APOLOGIES Janet gates, Duane Constance, Margaret Burger, Reshnee Lalla, Leigh R. Richards 1. WELCOME & INTRODUCTION ACTION 1.1 NG welcomed all and facilitated introductions. 2 PRESENTATION – EZEMVELO KZN Wildlife Restructuring Roger Uys presented the restructuring of the Ezemvelo KwaZulu Natal Wildlife (EKZNW) regions but noted; however, that the realignment was not yet finalised. RU noted that EKZNW is composed of three main spheres as listed below, with an Administration function serving all three spheres: • People and conservation : Including Terrestrial Nature Conservation Officers and Hunting & Permits; KZN Biodiversity Stewardship Program • Protected Areas : Including Conservation Management; Community Conservation; Camp Managers and Marine Nature Conservation Officers 2.1 • Scientific Services : Including Biodiversity Research & Assessment; Biodiversity Information & Dissemination; Ecological Advice; Social Research & Assessment and Land Use Planning & Integrated Environmental Management. -
Breeding Biology of the Southern Grey-Headed Sparrow in the Namib-Naukluft Park, Namibia P.A
July 2003 Bird Numbers 12 (1) Breeding biology of the Southern Grey-headed Sparrow in the Namib-Naukluft Park, Namibia P.A. Bridgeford NamibRand Nature Reserve, PO Box 43, Maltahöhe, Namibia The Southern Grey-headed Sparrow Passer a similar trend in choice of nest site. Only diffusus is widely distributed in southern two were in natural sites, namely a wood- Africa, except in southwestern Namibia and pecker nest and a hole in the broken end of southwestern Western Cape Province of a branch. Southern Grey-headed Sparrows South Africa (Craig 1997). Despite it being used the Zais nest in the asbestos chimney so common, little is known of its breeding for over 20 years. The nests were filled with biology. Maclean (1993) stated that incuba- feathers, but a few pieces of paper and cloth tion and fledging periods are unrecorded, were also found. Indeed, most nests were so while Tarboton (2001) said that incubation is filled with feathers that it was difficult to see not recorded and nestling/fledging period is eggs or chicks. c.19 days. This paper gives some new infor- mation on the breeding biology of this spe- Breeding season cies in Namibia, based on Southern Grey- Breeding seasons are slightly later in Na- headed Sparrows monitored at Zais (24°01'S, mibia than elsewhere and coincide with rela- 16°09'E) in the Namib-Naukluft Park from tively late summer rains. This study, with 17 1986 to 1993. records, showed January (24% of all active The study area, below the escarpment in nests), February (29%), and March (24%) as the pro-Namib, is in a semi-desert and the peak breeding months at Zais (Table 1). -
The Official Magazine of the Durban Ramblers Hiking Club Th 4 Quarter: October to December - 2019
C/O The Chairman 14 Edgecliffe Park 14 Bartle Road GILLITS 3610 http://durbanramblers.co.za [email protected] Banking Details: Nedbank Musgrave Account No 1138655228 Branch Code 1301 2600 THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE DURBAN RAMBLERS HIKING CLUB TH 4 QUARTER: OCTOBER TO DECEMBER - 2019 CHAIRMAN’S RAMBLINGS Hiking is a wonderful activity, as it helps rejuvenate our body and compliments general fitness. This brings me to the controversial topic of walking /hiking with the aid of a walking stick or hiking poles. A lot of folk say it is not necessary, but at times using a walking stick makes sense. Let us look at walking sticks vs. hiking poles. Walking sticks are used individually, usually made from wood, decorated in some fashion showing its origin. Best used on flat terrain, but it is also good for support on uneven terrain, crossing water and when ascending or descending hills. The disadvantage is that one tends to overly lean to one side, which may cause a stumble or fall on terrain that is not flat. So, when using a walking stick, use it with the least amount of load on it. Hiking poles are usually designed in pairs, but can be used as a single pole. They have adjustable length and can be altered depending on the terrain. They usually have straps, but can be hazardous when falling- best not to use the straps. Hiking poles take pressure off the knees during steep descents, give extra security and grip. Because of their adjustability, for ascents length is reduced, for descents they can be lengthened. -
Plan: Danville Park Girls' High School Organisation: Danville Park Girls High School Administrator: Sarah Alsen
Plan: Danville Park Girls' High School Organisation: Danville Park Girls High School Administrator: Sarah Alsen Last modified at: 02 Nov 2020, 12:55 Danville Park Girls' High School About us Danville Park Girls’ High School is a secondary school located in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa with about 850 learners in attendance. A beautiful Coastal Red Milkwood tree (Mimusops caffra), a protected species, stands proudly in the centre of our quad. Our school badge incorporates four leaves of the Coastal Milkwood tree. The fruit of the tree is symbolised on our badge by four gold berries, each representing a value upheld by Danville, namely gentleness, tolerance, courtesy and love. Danville has been actively involved in the International Eco-Schools Programme since 2004 and the Water Explorer Programme since 2015. We have an active Environmental Society open to the whole school as well as passionate Grade 11 Environmental Monitors and Grade 12 Environmental Prefects who drive the various environmental projects around the school. The environmental facet at Danville is overseen by our environmental facet educator. Danville’s green business, called Originally Made Green (OMG), was started in 2012, and makes many different products out of waste items collected by the school. Funds raised are donated to local environmental organisations each year. Our vision At Danville Park Girls’ High School, we aim to raise awareness of current environmental issues and encourage each member of the Danville family to commit to sustainability, both at school and at home, for life. We also aim to create a culture of caring for others and making a difference in people’s lives by being involved in community outreach projects. -
Phansi Museum Birdlife Port Natal Botanical Society of Sa
KZN HERITAGE, CULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIETIES EVENTS DIARY FOR JUNE 2019 Date & Time Society & Venue Speaker & Topic Charge Contact person Every Saturday PHANSI MUSEUM www.phansi.com 10h00 to 14h00 500 Esther Roberts Road, Glenwood, Durban Indigenous Games Saturdays incl. Codemakers, N/C Thobeka Dhlomo (Indigenous Food on Sale) Capoeira (martial art) and Pen Pals [email protected] Saturday BIRDLIFE PORT NATAL 01 June 2019 Pigeon Valley, Glenwood Bring picnic tea and chairs for afterwards. Terry Walls 07h30 Cell: 082 871 6260 Saturday BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF SA - KZN COASTAL www.botsoc-kzn.org.za [email protected] 01 June 2019 Leckhampton Farm Wholesale Nursery, Collette Norris: Tour of nursery and opportunity N/C Tel. 031 201 5111 10h00 to 12h00 Hammarsdale to buy indigenous plants. Cell: 071 869 3693 Saturday SPEAK OUT SA - DURBAN BRANCH www.speakoutsa.jimdo.com Mary Laing 01 June 2019 Glenwood Presbyterian Church Hall Various speakers. Aspects of training in public Free for visitors Tel. 031 202 8130 13h00 for 13h30 Esther Roberts Road, Glenwood, Durban speaking + communication skills. [email protected] Sunday PALMIET NATURE RESERVE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE http://www.palmiet.za.net/ 02 June 2019 At end of Old New Germany Road off Linda Smith will lead a four-hour hike through Donations welcome Warren Friedman 08h30 Jan Hofmeyr Rd opp. Westville Boys High the reserve. for Reserve upkeep Tel. 031 262 2935 Sunday PIETERMARITZBURG MODEL ENGINEERING SOCIETY www.pmes.co.za Martin Hampton 02 June 2019 78 Rudling Road, Bisley, Pietermaritzburg Model Steam Train Rides Train rides: R10 Cell: 083 388 3149 10h00 to 15h00 [email protected] Wednesday THE UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE 05 June 2019 United Congregational Church Hall, Angie Thistlethwaite: Memorable U3A meetings Tea/coffee R5 Jill Seldon 09h00 for 09h30 Pardy Gardens, off Musgrave Road, Durban and outings, illustrated with a slide show Visitors R20 Tel. -
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland