Prayer and Participation in the Gospel: the Formative Aspect of Paul’S Prayer Language in His Mission to the Gentiles
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Prayer and Participation in the Gospel: The Formative Aspect of Paul’s Prayer Language in His Mission to the Gentiles A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2017 James Moretz School of Arts, Languages and Cultures This research was carried out at Nazarene Theological College, Manchester List of Contents List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 13 Declaration and Copyright Statement ............................................................................. 14 Dedication ........................................................................................................................... 15 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 16 Preface ................................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 1) Introduction .................................................................................................... 18 1.1) The Theses ................................................................................................................ 19 1.2) Thesis Outline ........................................................................................................... 20 Part I: Paul, Prayer, and the Science of the Mind .......................................................... 22 Chapter 2) From Formgeschichte to an Embodied Hermeneutic ................................. 25 2.1) Paul Schubert, Gordon Wiles, and Peter O’Brien .................................................... 25 2.2) Günther Harder and Adalbert Hamman .................................................................... 30 2.3) Karl-Heinrich Ostmeyer ........................................................................................... 33 Chapter 3) Constructing an Embodied Hermeneutic ..................................................... 37 3.1) The Fundamental Principles of ECS ......................................................................... 38 3.2) Embodied Theories of Cognition and Language ...................................................... 39 3.3) Complex Adaptive Systems Theory ......................................................................... 44 3.4) Differentiating Ontological and Ontic Aspects of Human Existence ....................... 46 3.5) The Heuristic: Conceptual Blending Theory ............................................................ 47 3.6) The Conceptual Constructs for Applying an Embodied Hermeneutic ..................... 51 3.7) Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 55 Part II: The Greek-speaking, Pharisaic, Roman Citizen, Apostle of Christ ................ 56 Chapter 4) Ancient Epistolography, Rhetoric, and Prayer ........................................... 57 4.1) Graeco-Roman Sociocultural Expression as a Complex Adaptive Religious System57 4.2) Embodied Cognition and the Allure of Epistolary-Rhetorical Criticism ................. 59 4.3) Bridging the Epistolary-Rhetorical Impasse ............................................................. 66 2 4.4) Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 71 Chapter 5) The Line Between 2T Jewish Prayer and Paul’s Missional Prayer ........... 73 5.1) The Sensorimotor Constraints of 2T Judaism as a Complex Adaptive Religious System .............................................................................................................................. 74 5.2) Living in The Torah: A Hermeneutic of Conceptual Blending ................................ 76 5.3) Prayer as The Blended Space for Covenant Remembrance and Participation ......... 78 5.4) Distinguishing between Jewish and Graeco-Roman Prayer ..................................... 85 5.5) Conclusion: Sketching the Topology of Paul’s Prayer Language ............................ 85 Part III: Paul’s Prayer Language as Emergent Embodied Complexity ....................... 88 Chapter 6) Paul’s Prayer Reports as Functions of Emergent Complexity and Integration .......................................................................................................................... 90 6.1) Integrating Prayer, Narrative, and Humanity in Paul’s εὐχαριστέω Reports ............ 90 6.2) Prayer Reports as Prototypical Integrative Narratives ............................................ 104 6.3) Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 110 Chapter 7) The Emergent Complexity of Certainty in Paul’s Wish Prayers ............. 112 7.1) Prototypical Blessing Blends .................................................................................. 112 7.2) Paul at the Wishing Well: Optative Morphology and Hermeneutic Uncertainty ... 113 7.3) The Emergence of Semantic Optativity and Hermeneutic Certainty ..................... 116 7.4) The Emergence of Scaled Semantic Optativity and Certainty in Paul’s Wish- Prayers ............................................................................................................................ 119 7.5) Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 132 Chapter 8) The Emergent Complexity of Paul’s Blessings and Doxologies ............... 133 8.1) Reciprocity and Category Metamorphosis in Paul’s Blessings and Doxologies .... 133 8.2) Scaled Solidarity in Paul’s Prayer-Greetings and Farewell-Blessings ................... 136 8.3) The Emergence of Solidarity in Paul’s Conditional Blessings ............................... 141 8.4) Paul’s Doxologies and the Emergence of the Life-Structured Ontology ............... 146 8.5) Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 155 3 Excursus: Dualism, Word Magic, and The Limits of Embodied Cognition ............... 157 Chapter 9) The Emergent Complexity of Paul’s Curse Language .............................. 159 9.1) Curses and Apotropaic Rituals as an Ancient ECINs ............................................. 159 9.2) Prototypical Curse Blends, Embodiment, and Paul’s Gospel ................................. 161 9.3) ἀνάθεμα as an Apotropaic Unconditional Ban ........................................................ 162 9.4) μὴ γένοιτο as an Apotropaic Unconditional Ban .................................................... 171 9.5) Oaths as Proactive Conditional Curses ................................................................... 176 9.6) Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 180 Chapter 10) Faithful Christ-Covenant Gebetspraxis as the Embodiment of Hope ... 182 10.1) The Phenomenal Emergence of Αββα ὁ πατήρ ..................................................... 183 10.2) The ἐξομολόγησις-Kneeling Image: Joyful Praise or Subjugated Concession? .... 187 10.3) The Groaning of the Spirit as the Epitome of an Embodied Hope-Gebetshaltung189 10.4) Continual Prayer as christliche Grundhaltung ...................................................... 193 10.5) Prayer and The Emergent Complexity of the Christianity in Corinth .................. 197 10.6) Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 203 Chapter 11) Conclusion ................................................................................................... 205 11.1) Analysing Paul’s Prayer Language: Challenges and Embodied Cognitive Science205 11.2) Prayer and Participation in the Gospel: Theses and Conclusions ......................... 206 11.3) Contributions to Scholarship and New Avenues of Enquiry ................................ 212 11.4) Pauline Prayer Language: “Normative, Not Timeless” ........................................ 213 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 215 Word Count including Footnotes: 79,884 4 List of Abbreviations Note: Abbreviations in this thesis are primarily taken from The SBL Handbook of Style: For Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2nd edition (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014). Some of these and additional abbreviations are indicated in the following tables. Primary Sources Note: Unless otherwise noted, Greek and Latin sources are cited from Perseus Digital Library, ed. Gregory R. Crane, URL= http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/. Qumran texts are translations from The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, Vol. 1. IQ –4Q273, ed. Florentino Garcı́a Martı́nez and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar (Leiden: Brill, 1997). 1QS Rule of the Community [Erot.] Eroticus 1QM War Scroll Aen. Aeneid Ag. Ap. Against Apion Ant. Jewish Antiquities CD Cairo Genizah copy of the Damascus Document Congr. De congressu eruditionis gratia Diss. Dissertationes Embassy On the Embassy to Gaius Exord. Exordia Hist. Historiae Leg. Legum allegoriae Migr. De migratione Abrahami Opif. De opificio mundi Paneg. Panegyricus Ostraca and Papyri Collections Note: All ostraca and papyri referenced