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U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Quantification of motor neuron adaptation to sustained and intermittent stimulation. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Spielmann, John Michael. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 20:02:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185411 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313761-4700 800 521-0600 Order Number 9123464 Quantification of motor-neuron adaptation to sustained and intermittent stimulation Spielmann, John Michael, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 QUANTIFICATION OF MOTOR-NEURON ADAPTATION TO SUSTAINED AND INTERMITTENT STIMULATION by John Michael Spielmann A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1991 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by __~J~o~hn~M~.~S~p~i~e~l~m~a~n~n __________________________ entitled QUANTIFICATION OF MOTOR-NEURON ADAPTATION TO SUSTAINED AND INTERMITTENT STIMULATION and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the of __~D~o~c~t~o~r_o~f~P~h~i~l~o~s~o~p~h~y ________________________________ 12/21/90 Date 12/21/90 mes R. Bloedel ~ Date ~ (- / J ,---~ ,_"t t/ J-lc..c ( l--/ -.------ 12/21/90 i Raphael/P. Gruener c Date -----rtt ~.<1A- ~, kt~ 12/21/90 Thomas M. Hamm Dat.e ,(r~ 12/21/90 Date Richard B. Levine Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. aa;til1 J ~L~'V 12/21/90 Dissertation Director Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: J4..?tk4.d~ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to my mentor, Dr. Douglas Stuart, for the_ counlless hours he contributed to the editing of this Dissertation and to my training during the time I spent in his laboratory. To my dissertation committee: Drs. James Bloedel, Raphael Gruener, Thomas Hamm, Richard Levine, and David McCrea, who served as the external examiner, I express my sincere appreciation for their review and criticisms of the work. I would like to thank collectively the Department of Physiology and the Motor-Control Group for their support over the years. As in any systems level of approach to cellular neurophysiology, many people contributed to the successful completion of the project. Ms. Patricia Pierce provided excellent surgical support· and assistance with the preparation of the graphics; Mr. Robert Reinking provided superb technical support and participated in many facets of the work including data collection and analysis; Drs. Viannis Laouris and Michael Nordstrom are paid special tribute for their endless enthusiasm during every phase of the work; Dr. Grant Robinson, a special thanks is in order for his participation in the difficult, early phases of the work; and a special thanks to Dr. Leslie Bevan for her help with surgeries and for her wonderful friendship. Drs. Pei-Pei Ping, Chris Kirby, and Diane Pelletier are also thanked for their friendship and interest in my progress. To my loving and supportive family, thank you. To my loving wife and friend Jane, a very special ... thank you. This work was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grants RR05675 (to the College of Medicine), NIH HL 07249 (to the Department of Physiology), NIH HS 0703 and NSF Int 8520863 (to the Motor-Control Group) and NIH NS 25077 (to Dr. Douglas Stuart). 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 11 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTiON AND AIMS .......................................................................................... 14 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 14 1.2 AIMS ........................................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 17 2.1 MOTOR UNITS, THEIR ORDERLY RECRUITMENT, AND THE SIZE PRINCiPLE ........................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Classification of motor- and muscle units ................................................. 17 2.1.2 Orderly motor-unit recruitment.. ................................................................ 18 2.1.3 Henneman's Size Principle ...................................................................... 19 2.1.4 Summary ................................................................................................. 21 2.2 MUSCLE- AND MOTOR-UNIT FATIGUE ................................................................22 2.2.1 Sites of fatigue ......................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Stimulus frequency-force relations during muscle and motor-unit fatigue ..................................................................................... 24 Muscle wisdom ...................................................................................... 24 The sensory-feedback hypothesis ......................................................... 25 2.2.3 Summary ................................................................................................. 28 2.3 MOTOR-NEURON ADAPTATION ........................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Historical precedents ................................................................................ 29 2.3.2 Initial and late adaptation ......................................................................... 31 2.3.3 Intrinsic cellular mechanisms ................................................................... 36 Initial adaptation: cat motor neurons ..................................................... 36 Initial adaptation: other neurons ............................................................38 Summary ............................................................................................... 41 Late adaptation: cat motor neurons ...................................................... .42 Late adaptation: other neurons .............................................................. 43 Summary ............................................................................................... 45 2.3.4 Summary: motor-neuron adaptation .......................................................
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