Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-Vi
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN WESTERN HONDURAS: ANNEXES I-VI AUGUST 2014 This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech ARD and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. Contributors to this report: John Parker (Team Leader), Kelly Miller (Deputy Chief of Party), Luis A. Caballero Bonilla, Ph.D. (Eco-Hydrology Specialist), Rosa M. Escolan (Livelihoods Specialist), Edas Muñoz (Protected Areas Specialist), Alfonso del Rio (Phenology Specialist), Roberto Banegas (Value Chains Specialist), Olman O. Rivera (Watershed Management Specialist), and Anton Seimon, Ph.D. (Climate Specialist). Cover Photo: Hillside maize production in Candelaria, Lempira. Photo by J. Parker, July 2012. This publication was produced for the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech ARD, through a Task Order under the Prosperity, Livelihoods, and Conserving Ecosystems (PLACE) Indefinite Quantity Contract Core Task Order (USAID Contract No. AID-EPP-I-00-06-00008, Order Number AID-OAA-TO-11-00064). Tetra Tech ARD Contacts: Patricia Caffrey Chief of Party African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change (ARCC) Burlington, Vermont Tel.: 802.658.3890 [email protected] Anna Farmer Project Manager Burlington, Vermont Tel.: 802-658-3890 [email protected] VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN WESTERN HONDURAS: ANNEXES I-VI AFRICAN AND LATIN AMERICAN RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE (ARCC) AUGUST 2014 Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................iii ANNEX I. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDES .......................................................... 1 ANNEX II. CLIMATE ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 10 ANNEX III. PROTECTED AREAS PROFILES................................................................... 33 ANNEX IV. PHENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 39 ANNEX V. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 67 ANNEX VI. LIST OF CONTACTS – SCOPING TRIP AND FOCUS GROUPS .......... 121 Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI ii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARCC African and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change CODEMS Municipal Emergency Committees CODELES Local Emergency Committees COPECO Permanent Contingency Commission of Honduras DGRH Dirección General de Recursos Hídricos ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation ERA European Reanalysis FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FGDs Focus Group Discussions FIC Fundación para la Investigación del Clima FIPAH Foundation for Participatory Farmer Research FtF Feed the Future GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network HDI Human Development Index ICF Institute of Forest Conservation ICT Instituto Tecnologico Comunitario ICT Information and Communications Technologies IEH Instituto de Estudios del Hambre IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IHCAFE Instituto Hondureño del Café IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRI International Research Institute for Climate and Society JAPOE Council for Administration of Water and Sewage Disposal KIIs Key Informant Interviews MEI Multivariate ENSO Index MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MPI Multidimentional Poverty Index NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI iii NGO Nongovernmental Organization PIF Programa de Investigación en Frijol PLCI Permanent Land Cover Index PY Psyllid Yellow Disease of Potato QSMAS Quesungual Slash-and-Mulch Agroforestry System RCPs Representative Concentration Pathways SES Social-ecological Systems TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission UNDP United Nations Development Programme USAID United States Agency for International Development USDA United States Department of Agriculture VA Vulnerability Assessment WEIA Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index ZC Zebra Chip Disease Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI iv ANNEX I. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDES Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI 1 ARCC WESTERN HONDURAS VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FACILITATION GUIDE FOCUS GROUPS WITH PRODUCERS Department _______________ Municipality __________________ Communities represented ____________________________________ Facilitator ______________________ Note taker _____________________ # of women in FGD_______________ # of men in FGD ________________ # of youth (less than 25 years old) ____________ Date________________ Start time of FGD_____________ End time of FGD _____________ General observation about focus groups: (quality of conversation [active or passive]; consensus or disagreement of opinions; vulnerable subgroups present; individuals dominating discussions if relevant, etc.) PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS (10 MINUTES) THANK YOU: Thank you for taking the time to meet with us today. WHO WE ARE AND PURPOSE: We are conducting a study to learn about farming experiences in Western Honduras that will inform future programs for agriculture in the region. (Clarify, if necessary, that this is not related to direct funding to the community, but will help the government and its partners plan activities across the country). TIME: The discussion will take approximately two hours. We want you to feel comfortable with this conversation. If at any time you feel uncomfortable or have a question, please let us know. II. IDENTIFY THE FIVE MOST IMPORTANT CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES RELATED TO CLIMATE (1½ HOURS) 1. How many of you have worked in agriculture for the past 20 years? Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI 2 2. What events have occurred that affected agricultural production during the last 20 years? (This includes everything—not only events related to Climate, but prices and markets, increased pests and diseases, conditions of roads, type of crops, land tenure, etc.) 3. What other factors have affected your farm? 4. When did these events occur? (Locate them along the timeline in the year that they occurred) 5. How long did the event last? (number of weeks, months or years – in the timeline) 6. What are the crops and varieties that you plant today? What about 10 years ago? 20 years ago? (List them in the timeline. Take into account if there have been changes and why.) 7. What agricultural practices do you implement on your farm today? (Discuss – identify up to 10 important changes) Group A: Farmers that have received technical assistance Group B: Farmers that have not received technical assistance Field preparation. List the practices that you implement to prepare the soil (clearing land, tilling soil, slash and burn, no-till, etc. [If the practices are different by crop, select the 2-3 crops that are considered most important] Planting and crop management. List the practices that you carry out to prepare for crop production from planting until harvest (selection of seeds, application of fertilizers and pesticides, planting, pest control, harvest, etc.). [Identify how seeds are selected and any change in varieties.] Post-harvest. List all the post-harvest activities that you carry out (storage, processing, and transport to markets). TODAY PRACTICES CROP Field preparation Planting and crop Post-harvest management 8. What agricultural practices did you implement 10 to 20 years ago? Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI 3 Group A: Farmers that have received technical assistance Group B: Farmers that have not received technical assistance List the changes in practices related to field preparation and why those changes occurred. List the changes in practices related to crop production (planting until harvest) and why those changes occurred. List the changes in practices in post-harvest (storage, processing and transport) and why those changes occurred. 10 TO 20 YEARS AGO PRACTICES CROP Field preparation Planting and crop Post-harvest management 9. What are the most significant changes in agricultural practices? Why? III. EXPLORE CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE: VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY (1 HOUR) Now we are going to talk about how changes in agricultural practices have affected your lives and the lives in your community. Group A: Farmers that have received technical assistance Group B: Farmers that have not received technical assistance Change Nº 1 1. What caused the change in agricultural practice? (e.g., presence of a program or project, technical assistance/training, climate-related event, etc.) 2. How did you learn this practice? (e.g., local knowledge, technical assistance) 3. What support did you need to change the practice (e.g., financial resources, technical assistance, tools, agricultural inputs, etc.) 4. Did this practice help you address events of drought? Rainstorms? Strong winds? Temperature changes? Hail storms? How? Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change in Western Honduras: Annexes I-VI 4 5. What results did you obtain upon implementing this practice? (e.g., income, food security, water availability,