Die Neogene Tsotilion Formation. Sedimentologie Und Stratigraphie Der Molasseablagerungen Im Mesohellenischen Becken, NW Griechenland

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Die Neogene Tsotilion Formation. Sedimentologie Und Stratigraphie Der Molasseablagerungen Im Mesohellenischen Becken, NW Griechenland ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont., 22:23-77, Wien 1997 Die neogene Tsotilion Formation. Sedimentologie und Stratigraphie der Molasseablagerungen im Mesohellenischen Becken, NW Griechenland The Neogene Tsotilion Formation. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Molasse Deposits in the Mesohellenic Trough, NW G reece von Georgia FERMELI* IGCP Projekt No. 326 “Oligocene-Miocene Transition in the Northern Hemisphere” FERMELI, G., 1997. Die neogene Tsotilion Formation. Sedimentologie und Stratigraphie der Molasseab­ lagerungen im Mesohellenischen Becken, NW Griechenland — Beitr. Paläont., 22:23-77, 27 Abb., 10 Tab., 10 Taf., Wien. Inhalt 1. Zusammenfassung 1. Zusammenfassung.............................................. 23 Die Untersuchungen an den Molassesedimenten der 2. Summary...............................................................24 Mesohellenischen Senke im Gebiet südöstlich von Gre­ 3. Einleitung.............................................................26 vena führten zu folgenden Resultaten: 4. Geologische Übersicht ......................................... 26 Lithologische Gliederung: 5. Mesohellenische Senke ....................................... 26 a) Unter- bis mitteloligozäne Sedimente der „Pen- 5.1. Geologischer Rahmen...................................26 talofon Formation“ mit reichhaltiger Mikroflora, 5.2. Sedimente des Beckens.................................27 die in einer limnisch-sumpfigen Umgebung abge­ 5.3. Biostratigraphische Zonierung ...................... 28 lagert wurden (Gebiet um Asprokklisia). 5.4. Tsotilion Formation im Becken von b) Oberoligozäne Sedimente der „Heptachorion For­ Grevena..........................................................29 mation“ mit Mollusken, die in einer seicht-mari­ 5.5. Profilbeschreibungen.....................................30 nen Umgebung abgelagert wurden (Gegend von Asprokklisia.................................................. 30 Itea, Profil J1,J3). Karperon K l .................................................. 33 c) Untermiozäne Sedimente der „Tsotilion Formati­ Karperon K2 .................................................. 35 on“, die fast das ganze Untersuchungsgebiet be­ Karperon K3 .................................................. 37 Karperon K4 ..................................................38 decken und Fossilien einer vollmarinen Fazies des Itea J1.............................................................39 tieferen Wassers führen (Profil A, J, K, II). Itea J2.............................................................40 d) Plio-pleistozäne und holozäne, limnisch-fluviatile Itea J3.............................................................43 Deckschichten. Kalochion II...................................................44 Die „Tsotilion Formation“ ist unter den oben ange­ 6. Korrelation der Litho- und Biostratigraphie .......49 führten Ablagerungen das Hauptobjekt dieser Unter­ 7. Granulometrische und mineralogische Ana­ suchungen. Lithologisch gesehen, unterscheidet man lyse ....................................................................... 51 innerhalb dieser Formation folgende Einheiten: 7.1. Granulometrische Analyse ............................51 Basalkonglomerat. Konglomerate, mit Einschaltungen 7.2. Mineralogische Analyse................................53 von Mergeln und Sandsteinen, sehr stark verfestigt. 8. Charakteristik der Tsotilion Formation............... 53 Auf der Westseite des Beckens ein deutlicher Anteil an 9. Paläogeographische Entwicklung der Mesohel­ ophiolitischen Gerollen. lenischen Senke....................................................56 Tsotilion-Mergel. Die feinklastische Abfolge der Tso­ 10. Schlußfolgerungen............................................... 59 tilion Formation weist eine sehr starke lithologische 11. Literaturverzeichnis............................................ 60 Variabilität auf. Paläontologische Resultate: Die Fauna besteht aus Ko­ rallen, Mollusken, Echinodermen, Foraminiferen und * Anakreontosstraße 20, 14671 N. Erithrea/Athen, Grie­ Ostracoden. Außerdem wurden Mikrofloren und kal­ chenland kige Nannofossilien untersucht. Die Faunenzusammen- ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien 24 Beitr. Paläont.,22, Wien 1997 Setzung steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Es lassen sich folgende paläogeographische Folgerun­ Sedimentausbildung. gen ableiten: Nach dem Ende der alpidischen Faltung, Horizonte von Sandsteinen und sandigen Mergeln in während des Mitteleozäns folgte die Absenkung des den Konglomeraten enthalten Korallen, Mollusken, Mesohellenischen Beckens, in das zunächst das Ober­ Echinidenstacheln und benthonische Foraminiferen in eozän von Krania und Rizoma transgredierte. Nach schlechter Erhaltung oder sind fossilfrei (Gegend von einer Erosionsphase begann die marine Transgression Asprokklisia). Im Gegensatz dazu enthalten Mergel der eigentlichen Molasseablagerungen mit den basalen und Tone eine reiche Fauna, vorwiegend von plankto- Bildungen der Heptachorion Formation. Danach wur­ nischen Foraminiferen. Ein großer Anteil der plankto- de die Pentalofon Formation abgelagert. Zwischen der nischen Foraminiferen und Nannofossilien stammt aus Heptachorion und der Pentalofon Formation treten re­ älteren Horizonten. Dies zeigt, daß die untermiozänen gional Diskordanzen auf. Darüber transgrediert die Sedimente der Tsotilion Formation viel umgelagertes Tsotilion Formation. Kleinfalten und Flexuren in der Material enthalten. Tsotilion Formation sind nicht tektonisch verursacht, Mikropaläontologische Charakteristik der Tsotilion sondern beruhen auf Gravitationsgleitungen. Im Nord­ Formation: Nach planktonischen Foraminiferen (BI- teil der Senke beginnt bereits im unteren Burdigalien ZON & BIZON, 1972,1979) wurden folgende charak­ eine Faziesentwicklung, die mit der Ablagerung der teristische Biozonen des Aquitanien und Burdigalien Odria Kalke eine regressive Phase einleitet, die im festgestellt: oberen Burdigalien mit der Orlias Formation endet, in Globorotalia kugleri Zone der fluviatile Einschüttungen zunehmen. Die tektoni­ Catapsydrax dissimilis! Globigerinoides altiaperturus schen Vorgänge nach dem Untermiozän führten zur Zone Einsenkung einzelner Beckenteile während des Unter­ Globigerinoides trilobus Zone pliozäns. Globigerinoides bisphericus Zone. Die Nannoplankton-Biozonen NN2-3 bis NN4 nach MARTINI (1971) sind in einigen Profilen nachgewie­ 2. Sum m ary sen worden. This study is a micropaleontological and biostrati- graphical investigation of the fossiliferous molassic Ergebnisse der mineralogischen Analysen deposits from the Mesohellenic Trough in the Grevena Die pelitischen Sedimente zwischen den Bänken der area of northwest Macedonia. It presents a detailed Basalkonglomerate enthalten Kalzit, Feldspat, Smektit description of the planktonic foraminifera and other und selten Serpentin. microfossils found within the molassic sediments, and Die Mergel des Aquitanien enthalten Kalzit, Dolomit, a biozonation based on the stratigraphic ranges of the Quarz, Feldspat, Smektit und Serpentin. planktonic foraminifera. A mineralogical and grain- Die Mergel und Sandsteine des Burdigalien enthalten size analysis of the sediments is discussed. The results Kalzit, Quarz, Feldspäte, Smektit, Illit, Chlorit und have been used to draw conclusions regarding the Serpentin. Der Smektit und in geringerem Umfang der paleogeographic evolution of the studied area. Chlorit zeigen eine Abfolge des Kristallisationsgrades The sedimentary sequences distinguished in the area zwischen den Proben. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten von are: Smektit und Serpentin in den Sedimenten zeigt, daß a) the Lower and Middle Oligocene sediments of the der Smektit ein Verwitterungsprodukt des Serpentins Eptahorion Formation, which contain a rich micro­ ist und durch das Mineral Hectorit charakterisiert wird. flora (Asprocclesia area, section A); Die Zufuhr des klastischen Materials der Sedimente b) the Upper Oligocene shallow marine deposits of erfolgte aus ultrabasischen Gesteinen, die vorwiegend the Pentalofon Formation, with molluscs (Itea area, vom Rand der Pelagonischen Zone stattfand. sections 1-2 and 1-3); Die Auswertung der Korngrößenanalyse der Tsotilion c) the Lower Miocene molassic deposits of the Formation: Die Proben aus den Schichten zwischen Tsotylion Formation, which is rich in microfossils den Basalkonglomeraten bestehen aus einem nicht gut and covers almost the whole area of study, and sortierten, relativ groben Sediment. Das Sediment d) the fluviatile-lacustrine beds of Plio-Pleistocene wurde in einer Umgebung mit intensiver Sedimentati­ and Holocene age. From the above rocks, only the on und niedriger Energie abgelagert. In den Sedimen­ Lower Miocene beds of the Tsotylion Formation ten wird eine Durchmischung und Beimengung von have been discussed in detail; this is because they feinkörnigem Material in Suspension beobachtet. Die include an abundant and well-preserved forami- mittlere Korngröße zeigt eine bessere Sortierung als niferal fauna and microflora. kleinere und größere Größen. Die Proben aus den Mer­ In the Thessaly basin the Tsotylion Formation is geln und Sandsteinen des Burdigalien zeigen Korn­ transgressively overlying the Eptahorion Formation. größen mit verschiedenen Abstufungen. In the western border of the basin there is an uncon­ ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien FERMELI, G., Die neogene Tsotilion Formation 25 formity
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