PGI Visual Fortran™ for Multi-Core X64 Processor-Based Systems

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PGI Visual Fortran™ for Multi-Core X64 Processor-Based Systems PGI Visual Fortran™ M The Portland Group™ PGI Visual Fortran™ For Multi-core x64 Processor-based Systems PGI Visual Fortran (PVF*) fully integrates PVF augments the Visual Studio debug- the PGI suite of high-performance 64- ger with a custom debug engine that bit and 32-bit parallel Fortran compilers provides the language-specific debugging into Microsoft* Visual Studio* 2005. capability required for Fortran. The PVF debug engine supports graphical symbolic High-performance PGI Compilers debugging of single-thread, multi-thread, PVF features the latest version of PGI’s and OpenMP applications. It enables native OpenMP and auto-parallel FOR- debugging of 64-bit or 32-bit applications TRAN 77 and Fortran 95 compilers. symbolically using source code or with Parallel Fortran PGI compilers are supported on and interleaved assembly code, and it provides can generate fully optimized code for a full access to the registers and hardware Compilers and broad range of popular high-performance state of the processor. The PVF debug en- computing platforms including 64-bit gine is interoperable with the Visual C++. x64 (AMD64 and Intel* EM64T) and Tools for Visual 32-bit x86 processor-based systems. Documentation includes the PVF User’s Guide, PVF Release & Installation notes Studio 2005 PGI Fortran compilers offer world-class and the PGI Fortran Language Reference performance and features including auto- manual. Extensive online help for PVF is parallelization, support for multi-core pro- built into the Visual Studio help system. cessors, OpenMP 2.5, and the PGI Unified The PVF User’s Guide and PGI Fortran Binary*. The PGI Unified Binary stream- Reference are also part of PVF online help. lines cross-platform support by combining into a single executable file code optimized A Complete Development Solution for both x64 processor families. State- PGI Visual Fortran is available in two of-the-art compiler technologies found configurations.PVF Workstation Com- in PVF include vectorization, paralleliza- plete includes a bundled copy of the tion, interprocedural analysis, memory Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 IDE—the hierarchy optimization, function inlining, premier Integrated Development Envi- CPU-specific optimization and more. ronment for the Windows platform, the current MSDN documentation library, Visual Studio Integration assembly-optimized BLAS/LAPACK/FFT PVF includes features to enable rapid code math library routines, PGI’s PGPROF* development. The Fortran-aware text edi- parallel performance profiler, and a full tor supports syntax coloring, Fortran in- boxed media kit with CD-ROM’s and trinsics tips and keyword completion. PVF printed documentation. PVF Worksation also automatically manages all build de- Complete has everything you need to pendencies. PVF is interop- start developing Fortran applications in erable with Microsoft Visual minutes. There is no need to acquire or C++ so Fortran sub-pro- install any third party software packages. grams can call C functions and vice versa. PVF includes If you already have Visual Studio 2005, a number of DVF/CVF compatibility fea- PGI Visual Fortran Standard Edition is tures including full support for the Win32 a complete production-quality parallel API. Sample projects include building For- Fortran 95 project system “plug-in” for tran dialog boxes, console and Windows developing optimized Fortran solutions applications, DLLs and static libraries. for both Intel and AMD processors. The Visual Studio 2005 included with PVF contains PGI compilers only. STMicroelectronics ® SPECIFICATIONS PGI Visual Fortran™ Visual Studio Integration Fortran aware text editor Interoperable with Microsoft Fortran intrinsics tips Visual C++ Keyword completion Bundled Visual Studio 2005 IDE† Fortran debug engine Bundled MSDN library† Automatic Dependency Analysis Bundled ACML math library† Fortran Compilers Features Full 64-bit support on AMD64 Vectorization/Optimization and Intel EM64T directives Full 32-bit support and optimiza- Integrated cpp pre-processor tion for x86/x87 targets Fast compile times PGI Unified Binary optimized Compile-time optimization for both AMD64 and EM64T listings Auto-parallelization Annotated assembly OpenMP 2.5 parallelization code listings Inter-language calling Online and printed IEEE arithmetic options documentation Optimizations AMD64 and EM64T cross- Global dependence analysis target optimization Global flow analysis Interprocedural Analysis (IPA) Integrated local, global and Scalar SSE code generation vector register allocation Function inlining Induction variable analysis Loop fusion Load/store analysis Profile-feedback optimization Tail recursion elimination Instruction scheduling Scalar expansion Invariant code and con- Scalar replacement ditional hoisting Value propagation Common sub-expression Strength reduction elimination (CSE) Dead code elimination Global constant propagation Vector/Parallel Transformations State-of-the-art dependence Scalar promotion analysis Temporary vector creation Nested loop autoparallelization Stripmining, Cache Tiling Nested loop vectorization Concurrent call support Loop interchange Inline concurrent code segments Loop splitting, unroll & jam Vector SSE code generation Iteration peeling Software prefetching Aligned access optimizations Parallel Debug Engine 32-bit and 64-bit targets Attach to running processes Debug Fortran and Visual C++ Traceback, Log files, Help Debug parallel OpenMP and One-touch symbolic display multi-threaded programs Multiple format display of Interleaved source and values or strings assembly language Track register states One-touch breakpoint setting Control multiple threads at once† Step into, over, out of functions Program status visualizer† PGPROF Parallel Performance Profiler† 32-bit and 64-bit targets Multiple format displays: Histo- Profile parallel OpenMP and mul- gram, Percentage, Bar charts, tithreaded Fortran programs Counts, Absolute value Function-level and source Sort by line number, value, time line-level displays Extensive online help † Feature available in PVF Workstation Complete version only. The Portland Group™ Two Centerpointe Dr., Suite 320 www.pgroup.com Lake Oswego, OR 97035 Sales: [email protected] Tel: (503) 682-2806 Technical Support: [email protected] Fax: (503) 682-2637 ® * The registered trademarks and marks are the property of their respective owners. PVF-806-02 STMicroelectronics.
Recommended publications
  • PGI Fortran Guide
    PGI® User’s Guide Parallel Fortran, C and C++ for Scientists and Engineers The Portland Group® STMicroelectronics Two Centerpointe Drive Lake Oswego, OR 97035 While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group ® retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics, Inc. and/or The Portland Group® and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement ("EULA"). No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics, Inc and/or The Portland Group®. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this manual, STMicroelectronics was aware of a trademark claim. The designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. PGF95, PGF90, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. PGI CDK is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portland Group
    ® PGI Compiler User's Guide Parallel Fortran, C and C++ for Scientists and Engineers Release 2011 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the end-user license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group. PGI® Compiler User’s Guide Copyright © 2010-2011 STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: Release 2011, 11.0, December, 2010 Second Printing: Release 2011, 11.1, January, 2011 Third Printing: Release 2011, 11.2, February, 2011 Fourth Printing: Release 2011, 11.3, March, 2011 Fourth Printing: Release 2011, 11.4, April, 2011 Technical support: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] Web: www.pgroup.com ID: 1196151 Contents Preface .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Portland Group
    ® PGI Compiler Reference Manual Parallel Fortran, C and C++ for Scientists and Engineers Release 2011 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the end-user license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group. PGI® Compiler Reference Manual Copyright © 2010-2011 STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First printing: Release 2011, 11.0, December, 2010 Second Printing: Release 2011, 11.1, January 2011 Third Printing: Release 2011, 11.3, March 2011 Fourth Printing: Release 2011, 11.4, April 2011 Fifth Printing: Release 2011, 11.5, May 2011 Technical support: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] Web: www.pgroup.com ID: 111162228 Contents Preface .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Portland Group
    PGI Visual Fortran® 2013 Installation Guide Version 13.5 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group. PVF® Installation Guide Copyright © 2010-2013 STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: Release 2013, version 13.1, January 2013 Second Printing: Release 2013, version 13.2, February 2013 Third Printing: Release 2013, version 13.3, March 2013 Fourth Printing: Release 2013, version 13.4, April 2013 Fourth Printing: Release 2013, version 13.5, May 2013 Technical support: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] Web: www.pgroup.com ID: 07183206 Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portland Group
    PGI® 2013 Release Notes Version 13.3 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®) makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from The Portland Group and/or its licensors and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the end-user license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, PGI Unified Binary, and PGCL are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of The Portland Group, Inc. PGI® 2013 Release Notes Copyright © 2013 The Portland Group, Inc. and STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: Release 2013, version 13.1, January 2013 Second Printing: Release 2013, version 13.2, February 2013 Third Printing: Release 2013, version 13.3, March 2013 Technical support: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] Web: www.pgroup.com ID: 07135184 Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuning C++ Applications for the Latest Generation X64 Processors with PGI Compilers and Tools
    Tuning C++ Applications for the Latest Generation x64 Processors with PGI Compilers and Tools Douglas Doerfler and David Hensinger Sandia National Laboratories Brent Leback and Douglas Miles The Portland Group (PGI) ABSTRACT: At CUG 2006, a cache oblivious implementation of a two dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics model of a single ideal gas material was presented. This paper presents further optimizations to this C++ application to allow packed, consecutive-element storage of vectors, some restructuring of loops containing neighborhood operations, and adding type qualifiers to some C++ pointer declarations to improve performance. In addition to restructuring of the application, analysis of the compiler-generated code resulted in improvements to the latest PGI C++ compiler in the area of loop-carried redundancy elimination, resolution of pointer aliasing conflicts, and vectorization of loops containing min and max reductions. These restructuring and compiler optimization efforts by PGI and Sandia have resulted in application speedups of 1.25 to 1.80 on the latest generation of x64 processors. KEYWORDS: Compiler, C, C++, Optimization, Vectorization, Performance Analysis, AMD Opteron™, Intel Core™ 2, Micro-architecture vector or SIMD units to increase FLOP rates in general 1. Introduction purpose processors. While first-generation AMD and Intel 64-bit x86 Although modern compilers do an admirable job of (x64) processors contain 128-bit wide Streaming SIMD optimization when provided with nothing other than the Extensions (SSE) registers, their 64-bit data paths and “–fast” switch, many times there are still significant floating-point units limit the performance benefit of performance gains to be obtained with detailed analysis vectorizing double-precision loops.
    [Show full text]
  • Supercomputing in Plain English Exercise #3: Arithmetic Operations in This Exercise, We’Ll Use the Same Conventions and Commands As in Exercises #1 and #2
    Supercomputing in Plain English Exercise #3: Arithmetic Operations In this exercise, we’ll use the same conventions and commands as in Exercises #1 and #2. You should refer back to the Exercise #1 and #2 descriptions for details on various Unix commands. You MUST complete Exercises #1 and #2 BEFORE starting Exercise #3. For Exercise #3, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW HOW TO ACCOMPLISH BASIC TASKS, based on your experiences with Exercises #1 and #2. In the exercise, you’ll benchmark various arithmetic operations, using various compilers and levels of compiler optimization. Specifically, you’ll benchmark using the following compilers: the GNU Fortran compiler, gfortran, for various optimization levels; the Intel Fortran compiler, ifort, for various optimization levels; the Portland Group Fortran compiler, pgf90, for various optimization levels. Here are the steps for this exercise: 1. Log in to the Linux cluster supercomputer (sooner.oscer.ou.edu). 2. Copy the ArithmeticOperations directory: % cp -r ~hneeman/SIPE2011_exercises/ArithmeticOperations/ ~/SIPE2011_exercises/ 3. Choose which language you want to use (C or Fortran90), and cd into the appropriate directory: % cd ~/SIPE2011_exercises/ArithmeticOperations/C/ OR: % cd ~/SIPE2011_exercises/ArithmeticOperations/Fortran90/ 4. Edit the batch script arithmetic_operations.bsub so that it contains your username and your e-mail address. 5. Compile, using the shell script named make_cmd (a shell script is a file containing a sequence of Unix commands), which in turn invokes the make command: % make_cmd If that doesn’t work, try this: % ./make_cmd 6. Submit the batch job: % bsub < arithmetic_operations.bsub 7. Once the batch job completes, examine the several output files to see the timings for your runs with executables created by the various compilers under the various levels of optimization.
    [Show full text]
  • PGI Visual Fortran Reference Manual
    ® PGI Visual Fortran Reference Manual Parallel Fortran for Scientists and Engineers Release 2011 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the end-user license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group. PGI® Visual Fortran Reference Manual Copyright © 2010-2012 STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First printing:
    [Show full text]
  • The GPU Computing Revolution
    The GPU Computing Revolution From Multi-Core CPUs to Many-Core Graphics Processors A Knowledge Transfer Report from the London Mathematical Society and Knowledge Transfer Network for Industrial Mathematics By Simon McIntosh-Smith Copyright © 2011 by Simon McIntosh-Smith Front cover image credits: Top left: Umberto Shtanzman / Shutterstock.com Top right: godrick / Shutterstock.com Bottom left: Double Negative Visual Effects Bottom right: University of Bristol Background: Serg64 / Shutterstock.com THE GPU COMPUTING REVOLUTION From Multi-Core CPUs To Many-Core Graphics Processors By Simon McIntosh-Smith Contents Page Executive Summary 3 From Multi-Core to Many-Core: Background and Development 4 Success Stories 7 GPUs in Depth 11 Current Challenges 18 Next Steps 19 Appendix 1: Active Researchers and Practitioner Groups 21 Appendix 2: Software Applications Available on GPUs 23 References 24 September 2011 A Knowledge Transfer Report from the London Mathematical Society and the Knowledge Transfer Network for Industrial Mathematics Edited by Robert Leese and Tom Melham London Mathematical Society, De Morgan House, 57–58 Russell Square, London WC1B 4HS KTN for Industrial Mathematics, Surrey Technology Centre, Surrey Research Park, Guildford GU2 7YG 2 THE GPU COMPUTING REVOLUTION From Multi-Core CPUs To Many-Core Graphics Processors AUTHOR Simon McIntosh-Smith is head of the Microelectronics Research Group at the Univer- sity of Bristol and chair of the Many-Core and Reconfigurable Supercomputing Conference (MRSC), Europe’s largest conference dedicated to the use of massively parallel computer architectures. Prior to joining the university he spent fifteen years in industry where he designed massively parallel hardware and software at companies such as Inmos, STMicro- electronics and Pixelfusion, before co-founding ClearSpeed as Vice-President of Architec- ture and Applications.
    [Show full text]
  • CUDA Fortran 2013
    CUDA Fortran 2013 Brent Leback The Portland Group [email protected] Why Fortran? . Rich legacy in the scientific community . Semantics – easier to vectorize/parallelize . Array descriptors . Modules . Fortran 2003 Today’s Fortran delivers many of the abstraction features of C++ without compromising performance Tesla C1060 Commodity Multicore x86 + Commodity Manycore GPUs 4 – 24 CPU Cores 240 GPU/Accelerator Cores Tesla C2050 “Fermi” 4 – 24 CPU Cores 448 GPU/Accelerator Cores Tesla K20 “Kepler” GPU Programming Constants The Program must: . Initialize/Select the GPU to run on . Allocate data on the GPU . Move data from host, or initialize data on GPU . Launch kernel(s) . Gather results from GPU . Deallocate data 6 What Does CUDA Fortran Look Like? attributes(global) subroutine mm_kernel ( A, B, C, N, M, L ) real :: A(N,M), B(M,L), C(N,L), Cij integer, value :: N, M, L integer :: i, j, kb, k, tx, ty real, device, allocatable, dimension(:,:) :: real, shared :: Asub(16,16),Bsub(16,16) Adev,Bdev,Cdev tx = threadidx%x . ty = threadidx%y i = blockidx%x * 16 + tx allocate (Adev(N,M), Bdev(M,L), Cdev(N,L)) j = blockidx%y * 16 + ty Adev = A(1:N,1:M) Cij = 0.0 Bdev = B(1:M,1:L) do kb = 1, M, 16 Asub(tx,ty) = A(i,kb+tx-1) call mm_kernel <<<dim3(N/16,M/16),dim3(16,16)>>> Bsub(tx,ty) = B(kb+ty-1,j) ( Adev, Bdev, Cdev, N, M, L) call syncthreads() do k = 1,16 C(1:N,1:L) = Cdev Cij = Cij + Asub(tx,k) * Bsub(k,ty) deallocate ( Adev, Bdev, Cdev ) enddo call syncthreads() .
    [Show full text]
  • Opencl Actors-Adding Data Parallelism to Actor-Based Programming With
    OpenCL Actors { Adding Data Parallelism to Actor-based Programming with CAF Raphael Hiesgen∗1, Dominik Charousset1, and Thomas C. Schmidt1 1Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Internet Technologies Group Department Informatik, HAW Hamburg Berliner Tor 7, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany September 25, 2017 Abstract The actor model of computation has been designed for a seamless support of concurrency and dis- tribution. However, it remains unspecific about data parallel program flows, while available processing power of modern many core hardware such as graphics processing units (GPUs) or coprocessors increases the relevance of data parallelism for general-purpose computation. In this work, we introduce OpenCL-enabled actors to the C++ Actor Framework (CAF). This offers a high level interface for accessing any OpenCL device without leaving the actor paradigm. The new type of actor is integrated into the runtime environment of CAF and gives rise to transparent message passing in distributed systems on heterogeneous hardware. Following the actor logic in CAF, OpenCL kernels can be composed while encapsulated in C++ actors, hence operate in a multi-stage fashion on data resident at the GPU. Developers are thus enabled to build complex data parallel programs from primitives without leaving the actor paradigm, nor sacrificing performance. Our evaluations on commodity GPUs, an Nvidia TESLA, and an Intel PHI reveal the expected linear scaling behavior when offloading larger workloads. For sub-second duties, the efficiency of offloading was found to largely differ between devices. Moreover, our findings indicate a negligible overhead over programming with the native OpenCL API. Keywords: Actor Model, C++, GPGPU Computing, OpenCL, Coprocessor 1 Introduction The stagnating clock speed forced CPU manufacturers into steadily increasing the number of cores on commodity hardware to meet the ever-increasing demand for computational power.
    [Show full text]
  • PGI Compiler Reference Manual
    ® PGI Compiler Reference Manual Parallel Fortran, C and C++ for Scientists and Engineers Release 2012 The Portland Group While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, The Portland Group® (PGI®), a wholly-owned subsidiary of STMicroelectronics, Inc., makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The Portland Group retains the right to make changes to this information at any time, without notice. The software described in this document is distributed under license from STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the end-user license agreement ("EULA"). PGI Workstation, PGI Server, PGI Accelerator, PGF95, PGF90, PGFORTRAN, and PGI Unified Binary are trademarks; and PGI, PGHPF, PGF77, PGCC, PGC++, PGI Visual Fortran, PVF, PGI CDK, Cluster Development Kit, PGPROF, PGDBG, and The Portland Group are registered trademarks of The Portland Group Incorporated. Other brands and names are property of their respective owners. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the purchaser's or the end user's personal use without the express written permission of STMicroelectronics and/or The Portland Group. PGI® Compiler Reference Manual Copyright © 2010-2012 STMicroelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First printing:
    [Show full text]