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Future of Media at Aalto University During the Academic Year 2013–2014

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Future of Media at Aalto University During the Academic Year 2013–2014 This book is the 6th in the Bit Bang series of books produced as multidisciplinary teamwork exercises by doctoral students participating in the course Bit Bang 6: The Future of Media at Aalto University during the academic year 2013–2014. The course aimed at fostering teamwork and multidisciplinary Media of Future collaboration, as well as providing the students with global perspectives and business foresight on the future of the media industry. The media industry is currently undergoing its biggest revolution since the invention of the printing press: digitalization Future of is fundamentally changing the media landscape, and the distribution channels and revenue models of the print and broadcasting industries are being challenged. Digital convergence has changed the media value chain, and the Internet and social Media media have introduced new players to the game. Bit Bang 6 Working in teams, the students set out to answer questions related to the changing media industry and to brainstorm Bit Bang 6 radical scenarios of what the future could hold. This joint publication contains articles produced as teamwork assignments for the course, in which the students were encouraged to take novel and radical views on the future of the media industry. The Bit Bang series of courses is supported by the Multi­ disciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE). Previous Bit Bang publications are available from http:/mide.aalto.fi. ISBN 978-952-60-1087-8 (pbk), ISBN 978-952-60-1088-5 (pdf) Yrjö Neuvo, Erkki Ormala & Meri Kuikka (eds.) Aalto University’s Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE) Bit Bang 1 2 Bit Bang 6 The Future of Media 2 ISBN 978-952-60-1087-8 (pbk) ISBN 978-952-60-1088-5 (pdf) Cover: Nanna Särkkä Layout: Unigrafia Oy Printed by: Unigrafia Oy, 2014 2 Table of Contents FOREWORD 6 THE FUTURE OF MEDIA 9 Power to the People: Media Users’ Capabilities and Motivations to Influence Content Production and Distribution 11 1. Introduction 12 2. Motivation to Influence Media Content 14 3. Power to Influence Media Content 21 4. Factors Enabling User Power 23 5. Factors Limiting User Power 27 6. Interviews: Predictions and Future Perspectives of Power 33 7. Conclusions 37 Appendix 1: List of Expert Interviews 41 When Media Companies Move to the Cloud: What Happens to End-users if They Lose Control over Their Personal Data? 43 1. Introduction 45 2. State of the Art: Media, Cloud Computing and End-user 47 3. Three User Personas as Three Types of Media Consumers 51 4. Case Studies of Media Companies 53 5. Scenarios 58 6. Discussion 64 7. Conclusions 67 Appendix: Quantitative Analysis of Company Websites and Mobile Applications 70 Crowds and their Disruptive Influence on the Development of Journalism 73 1. Introduction 75 ISBN 978-952-60-1087-8 (pbk) 2. Participatory Journalism 76 ISBN 978-952-60-1088-5 (pdf) 3. Participatory Journalism Case Studies 90 Cover: Nanna Särkkä 4. Discussion 98 Layout: Unigrafia Oy 5. Conclusion 102 Printed by: Unigrafia Oy, 2014 2 Bit Bang 3 Television’s Next Top Business Model:Personalized and Pervasive 107 1. Introduction 108 2. Business Models and Its Components 110 3. Value 123 4. Predictions 131 5. Conclusion 134 Appendix 1 139 How Will Digital Media Impact Education? 141 1. Introduction 142 2. Individual Abilities in Processing Information 143 3. Formal and Informal Education 147 4. Schooling System 153 5. Methodology 156 6. Future of Education 157 7. Conclusion and Discussion 159 Transparent Media Driving Spaceship Earth 165 1. Introduction 166 2. Current Issues in Reporting 168 3. Current Trends in Media and Technology 170 4. Visions of the Future 174 5. Discussion 180 SMARTWEAR: Future Smart Wearables to Improve Our Health and Media Communications 185 1. Introduction 186 2. The Wearables Industry 189 3. The Health and Wellbeing Sector 195 4. Wearable Smartphones in the Health and Wellbeing Sector 197 5. Discussion 204 6. Conclusions 207 Ethical Personalisation Act 2025 213 1. Introduction 214 2. Personalisation Today 216 3. Implications of Personalisation 223 4 4. From Liking Towards Needing 228 5. How Can Ethical Personalisation Be Ensured in the Future? 234 6. Conclusions 241 SCENARIOS 245 Junior’s day at school in 2025 247 1. Quadrant 247 2. Factors Encouraging This Scenario 248 3. Factors Discouraging This Scenario 249 4. Narrative 249 Lucie’s Tale 251 1. Quadrant 251 2. Narrative 252 My Smartwear and My Context (The Smartwear Life of Mr. M) 257 1. Quadrant 257 2. Factors Driving Towards This Scenario 258 3. Factors Discouraging This Scenario 259 4. Narrative 259 Two Views from Inside the Bubble 263 1. Quadrant 263 2. Driving Forces Supporting and Preventing the Scenarios 264 3. Narratives 265 APPENDICES 273 1. The Bit Bang People 274 2. Lecturers 278 3. Course Literature 279 4. Study Programme in San Francisco 280 5. San Francisco Study Tour Reports 284 4 Bit Bang 5 Foreword This book is the 6th in the Bit Bang series of books produced as multidisciplinary teamwork exercises by doctoral students participating in the course Bit Bang 6: The Future of Media at Aalto University. The course was facilitated by Professor Yrjö Neuvo, Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE) program leader and former Nokia Chief Technol- ogy Officer; and Professor Erkki Ormala, former Vice President of Nokia. 25 students took part in the course during the academic year 2013-2014. The students were selected from diverse academic and cultural backgrounds: 11 nation- alities were represented by students from the Aalto schools of Electrical Engineering, Arts, Science, Engineering and Business, leading to spirited in-class discussions and multidisciplinary teamwork. The learning objectives of the course centered on teamwork, multidisciplinary col- laboration, and gaining global perspectives on industry and business foresight on the future of the media industry. These were achieved through weekly lectures from visit- ing industry leaders, writing the chapters of this book, and other teamwork assign- ments. As textbook material and to support class discussions and teamwork the stu- dents used Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology by Straubhaar, LaRose and Davenport as well as selected chapters from earlier Bit Bang publications. Working in teams, the students set out to answer questions related to the changing media industry. The media industry is currently undergoing its biggest revolution since the invention of the printing press: digitalization is fundamentally changing the media landscape, and the distribution channels and revenue models of the print and broadcasting industries are being challenged. Digital convergence has changed the media value chain, and the Internet and social media have introduced new play- ers to the game. By the end of the autumn term, four teams had produced four points of view on the future of media published in this book: Power to the People: Media Users’ Capabilities and Motivations to Influence Content Production and Distribution; When Media Companies Move to the Cloud: What Happens to End-users if They Lose Control 6 over Their Personal Data; Crowds and their Disruptive Influence on the Development of Journalism, and Television’s Next Top Business Model: Personalized and Pervasive At the start of the spring term, the groups were reshuffled and set to tackle new topics: Junior’s day at school in 2025: How Will Digital Media Impact Education, Transparent Media Driving Spacechip Earth, SMARTWEAR: Future Smart Wearables to Improve our Health and Media Communications, and Ethical Personalization Act 2025. During the spring term, the course also visited San Francisco and Palo Alto for a week-long study tour. The tour program and short reports on the company and institution visits are available in the appendices of this book. The Bit Bang series of courses is funded by the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE). The unique nature of the course has generated lots of positive feedback from the academic community, and produced an exten- sive network of alumni connecting doctoral student sand graduated doctors. We are very proud of the community we have been able to gather around this unique and though-provoking course. We wish to give our special thanks to this year’s tutors and Bit Bang alumni Zhongliand Hu, Helena Jin, Jan Kallenbach and Vesa Kantola for their tireless work with their teams and valuable advice given whenever needed. We also wish to thank our esteemed guest lecturers representing government, industry and academia. Their presentations and discussions gave valuable insight into the issues studied, and their role was essential for the success of the course. We wish you captivating moments with the book! Yrjö Neuvo, Erkki Ormala and Meri Kuikka 6 Bit Bang 7 8 The Future of Media 8 Bit Bang 9 10 Power to the People: Media Users’ Capabilities and Motivations to Influence Content Production and Distribution Badham Mark1, Elischka Synes2, Lehto Satu3, Sihvonen Siru4, Särkkä Nanna5, Vu Ba Tien Dung6, tutor Zhongliang Hu7 1 Aalto University School of Business, Department of Communication, PO Box 21210, FI-00076 Aalto 2 Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Film, PO Box 31000, FI-00076 Aalto 3 Aalto University School of Science, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, PO Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto 4 Aalto University School of Engineering, Department of Engineering Design and Production, PO Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto 5 Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Media, PO Box 31000, FI-00076 Aalto 6 Aalto University School of Science, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PO Box 15400, FI-00076 Aalto 7 Aalto University School of Engineering, Department of Automation and System Technology, PO Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto {mark.badham, synes.elischka, satu.lehto,, siru.sihvonen, nanna.sarkka, dung.vu.ba.tien, zhongliang.hu}@aalto.fi Abstract.
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