International Journal of South Asian Studies Special Issue
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ISSN 0974 - 2514 International Journal of South Asian Studies A Biannual Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 1 January – June 2008 No. 1 Special Issue SOCIETY FOR SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES Department of Politics & International Studies Pondicherry University Puducherry, India INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES (IJSAS) CHIEF PATRON Ambassador Madanjeet Singh PATRON Professor J A K Tareen Vice-Chancellor, Pondicherry University EDITOR Professor Mohanan Bhaskaran Pillai CONSULTING EDITOR Professor Nalini Kant Jha EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Binu Zachariah T Marx INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF EDITORS Amena Mohsin Lok Raj Baral Santasilan Kathirgamar Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka Bhim Sandhu Mahendra Pal Lama Santhosh C Saha USA India USA G Rollin Mainuddin Meghna Guherkurta V Nallainayagom USA Bangladesh Canada G Gopakumar V Suryanarayan Nazeem Zehra India India Pakistan Joel Campbell Venkatesh Athreya Ravi Raman Japan India UK GUIDELINES FOR SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS Original papers that fall within the scope of the Journal shall be submitted by e-mail. An Abstract of the article in about 150 words must accompany the papers. The length of research papers shall be between 5000 and 7000 words. However, short notes, perspectives and lengthy papers will be published if the contents could justify. Notes should be placed at the end of the text and their location in the text marked by superscript Arabic Numerals. References should be cited within the text in parenthesis. Example : (Sambandhan 2007:190) Bibliography should be placed at the end of the text and must be complete in all respects. Examples: 1. Hoffmann, Steven (1990): India and the China Crisis, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 2. Bhalla and Hazell (2003): “Rural Employment and Poverty: Strategies to Eliminate Rural Poverty within a Generation”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.33, No.33, August 16, pp.3473-84. All articles are, as a rule, referred to experts in the subjects concerned. Those recommended by the referees alone will be published in the Journal after appropriate editing. No article shall be sent for publication in the Journal if it is currently being reviewed by any other Journal or press or if it has already been published or will be published elsewhere. e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] International Journal of South Asian Studies A Biannual Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 1 January – June 2008 No. 1 Contents Editor’s Note Perspectives Rethinking Social Research Methodology in the Context of Globalisation – Rajan Gurukkal Three Frontiers Theory: An Explanation to India - Pakistan Animosity – L Premashekhara Special Articles Sino-Indian Relations – 1947 to Present: From Conflict to Cooperation – Bhim Sandhu Facilitating Cooperation in SAARC: Relevance of the EC/EU Model – Jayaraj Amin Insights Hindu-Muslim Communal Violence in India: An Analysis of Causes – Santosh C Saha Indian Historiography and Ambedkar: Reading History from Dalit Perspective – P Kesava Kumar Memoir and Marginality: Representing Subalternity of the Dalits in Colonial Andhra – K Venugopal Reddy The Factors that Affect Indian Migrants' Decision to Stay in or Counter Migrate from the United States: A Study with Special Reference to the Role of Tourism Related Imagery as a Determinant – Babu P George & Anuratha Shyamsundar Articles The Indian Ocean: Cold War - Post-Cold War Scenario – Ashwani Sharma Non Alignment and Post–Cold War International System: Problems and Perspectives – Pavithran K S Opinion Nehruvian Non-Alignment and Gaullian Unalignment: Contemporary Relevance – B Krishnamurthy Survey Report Health Condition of the Elderly Women: A Need to Enhance Their Well Being – J Sheela & M Jayamala Commentary Women Political Leadership and Perception – A Case Study of South Asia – C S Anuradha Book Reviews The Holocaust of Indian Partition: An Inquest – L Premashekhara Talking India: Ashis Nandy in Conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo - S S Tabraz Discussion Tibet Issue – Likely Impact on Sino-Indian Ties – D S Rajan Research Note Entangled Histories in the Discourses of 'Good Governance': From Colonial Notions to Globalized Enclosures in Contemporary World – Shri Krishan MESSAGE FROM AMBASSADOR MADANJEET SINGH The South Asia Foundation (SAF) is a secular, non-profit and non-political organization, designed to promote regional cooperation among eight countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The launch of the International Journal of South Asian Studies (IJSAS) by the Department of Politics and International Studies, Pondicherry University, is most welcome as it would also help in achieving the SAF’s cardinal objectives of upholding its core values of regional cooperation and peace through education, cultural interaction and sustainable economic development. I wish the IJSAS all success as an international journal with intellectual scholarship which will be able to cover a wide array of issues and interests and serve as a platform for a cross section of professionals and practitioners to highlight concerns in South Asian region and related fields worldwide. MADANJEET SINGH UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Founder, South Asia Foundation PATRON’S NOTE I was associated with the South Asia Foundation for quite some time, which believes in the cardinal principle of Regional Co-operation. I had a dream Project in my mind, while assuming office as Vice-Chancellor of Pondicherry University that a full-fledged Post Graduate Programme in South Asian Studies for students from the SAARC countries should be initiated at the University. Secondly, I wanted to launch a Journal of international significance and relevance for championing the cause of South Asian region. Both these dreams have been realized within a few months time thanks to the benevolence of South Asia Foundation and the labour of the Department of Politics & International Studies. This journal is essentially a collective academic endeavour to generate a healthy and scholarly debate to understand the peculiar problems and issues concerning South Asia. Besides governmental efforts and activism of civil society, the academia here and elsewhere would also contribute immensely through this Journal to usher in peace, co-operation and development in the subcontinent. I wish and pray that this journal would provide the necessary impetus to policy makers in this part of the region so that a tangible progress will swiftly follow on political, economic, cultural and trade fronts. I sincerely hope that the Society for South Asian Studies which promotes the Journal would evolve as an intellectual platform for serious academic deliberations for SAARC countries in the years to come. -Professor J A K Tareen Vice -Chancellor EDITOR’S NOTE Under the patronage of Ambassador Madanjeet Singh, founder of the South Asia Foundation and under the inspiring leadership of Professor J A K Tareen, Vice-Chancellor of Pondicherry University, the Department of Politics & International Studies of the University has taken the initiative to bring out a Biannual International Journal of South Asian Studies with the sole objective of contributing in its own humble way towards the process of regional co-operation and peace building that has already been initiated in the region by the establishment of the SAARC as also by the efforts of number of civil society organizations in South Asia cutting across political boundaries that came into existence during the time of the independence of the subcontinent. Visionaries like our revered Ambassador visualize the emergence of South Asian Union similar to that of the European Union with a currency of its own. Ambassador Madanjeet Singh has christened the yet to be born currency as SASIA, which he is sure would take birth. But we are also well aware that the arrangements like SAPTA and SAFTA have not made much headway and hence the emergence of a South Asian Union witonflicth a common currency is not that easy as we think. Even though SAARC was inaugurated in 1985 it could not go beyond inter-governmental organization because of imponderable problems and cs. The task before us is transforming challenges into opportunities and conflicts into co-operation. For that purpose the SAARC initiatives and activities are required to be supported by in-depth analysis of the problems by committed academics on the one hand and strengthening of region building by civil society organizations like the South Asia Foundation, on the other. Under the circumstances, it is felt that launching this kind of Journal would help promote publication of original academic research in humanities, culture, comparative religion, social science, industry, education, rural development, science & technology for development, ecology & environment, gender & development, security issues, ethnic conflicts, domestic politics, governance & social movements, grassroots governance etc in South Asia and thus contribute substantially towards strengthening regional co-operation. South Asia is one of the great cradles of civilization in the world. It has been the theatre of great conflicts and wars too. The scars of partition have been haunting the region ever since the withdrawal of the British. However, following the initiative of the late General Zia-ul-Rahman of Bangladesh an arrangement has been hammered out for regional co-operation in South Asia. Even though SAARC is moving at a slow pace it has contributed towards greater understanding among the people of South Asia. For furthering this understanding, academic