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accepted or practice. or current Archival guidance reflect policy, longer no May regulation, NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. accepted The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contentsor do not practice. necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. or The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. current Archival guidance reflect policy, longer no May regulation, UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL OF accepted STORM WATER RUNOFF or practice. DESIGN GUIDELINES or MANUAL current Archival By guidance Josephreflect B. Hannon, P.E. Senior Materials and Research Engineer policy,Prepared By longer California Department of Transportation Division of Construction noOffice of Transportation Laboratory In Cooperation With U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Office of Research and Development May Implementation Division regulation,Washington, D. C. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual was prepared by the Transportation Laboratory of the California Department of Transportation under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration working closely with the members of AASHTO-AGC-ARBA Joint Task Force 17 Committee on Storm Water Management. The members provided input and the nucleus for the various chapters of this manual and continuous liaison and guidance during the preparation process. The Task Force 17 Committee Study Team included the following persons: accepted Bernard E. Butler, P.E., Chairman or Associate Soils Engineer practice. New York Department of Transportation Albany, New York or Kenneth J. Boedecker, Jr., P.E., Vice Chairman Vice-President, Sales Syracuse Tank and Manufacturing Company West Palm Beach, Florida current Murray L. Corry,Archival P.E., Secretary Hydraulics Engineer Hydraulics Branch guidance Federal Highway Administration Washington, D. C. reflect Joseph B. Hannon, P.E. Senior Materials and Research Engineer Principal Investigator Transportation Laboratorypolicy, Californialonger Department of Transportation Sacramento, California Peterno F. Kerwin, Jr., P.E. Chief Engineer Park and Recreation Department Dade County May Miami, Florida regulation, ii Harold C. lvtattraw, Jr., Ph.D. Hydrologist U. S. Department of Interior Geological Survey f~i ami, Florida Darrell E. McQueen, P.E. Vice President Bristol, Childs and Associates Coral Gables, Florida Daniel S. O'Connor, P.E. Hydraulics Engineer/Contract Manager Federal Highway Administration Fort Worth, Texas William A. Porter, P.E. accepted General Manager-Chief Engineer Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute or Mississanga, Ontario practice. Canada or Edward G. Ringe, P.E. Engineer of Drainage Florida Department of Transportation Tallahassee, Florida current C. A. Schindler, III, P.E. ( District DrainageArchival Engineer Florida Department of Transportation Ft. Lauderdale, Florida guidance Burt Solano, P.E.reflect Chief Drainage Design Engineer Arizona Department of Transportation Phoenix, Arizona H. Lee Swanson, policy,P.E. Projectlonger Engineer Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. Miami,no Florida Paul E. Theil, P.E. Paul Theil Associates Bramalea, Ontario May Canada regulation,George J. Tupac Marketing Representative U. S. Steel Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania iii Clayton E. Warner Vice President, Engineering ARC Kyle Incorporated Atlanta, Georgia Robert C. Wood Contract t~anager Office of Development Implementation Division Federal Highway Administration Washington, D. C. Consultants Mr. Harry R. Cedergren, Civil Engineer, served underaccepted contract with FHWA as a special consultant to the Committeeor on sub­ surface drainage. Mr. Cedergren developed Chapter II,practice. 11 State­ of-the-Art11 and Chapter IV-A, 11 Determination of orInfiltration Rate 11 • Messrs. Robert G. Carroll, Jr., currentSteven Freese, and Ray Mullarkey of the Celanese Fibers Company assisted the ( Committee in developingArchival a test method and specifications for filter fabrics. Messrs. Roger Brockenbroughguidance of U. S. Steel Corporation; Charles Goode,reflect County Engineer, Sarasota County, Florida; Frank Johnson, FHWA; and William J. Rutledge, Florida DOT, also served the Committee during its early stages. The author expresses hispolicy, thanks to the Committee members and consultantslonger for their expertise, guidance, and cooperation.no Special appreciation and credit is extended to: Dr. Martin P. Wanielista, Professor of Engineering, Florida Technological University, for his review and constructive comments. Dr. Harold Mattraw for guidance in preparing MayChapter III-8, 11 Environmental and Legal Considerations 11 ; and regulation,to Mr. Peter Kerwin and 11r. Darrell McQueen for develop­ ing a great deal of design and performance information on iv trench systems in Southern Florida. Mr. McQueen deserves particular credit for his review of Chapter IV-B, 11 Hydrology 11 and Chapter IV-C, 11 Design of Storm Hater Collection and 11 Disposal Systems • Messrs. McQueen, Edward Ringe and Clayton Warner are recog­ nized for their development work with slotted concrete pipe. The author also tenders special recognition to r,1r. Paul Theil, who offered considerable expertise to the manual preparation. Mr. Theil pioneered the concept of subsurface disposalaccepted of storm water in Canada. or practice. Mr. Bernard Butler and Mr. Ken Boedecker should also be given special credit for management and directionor of the various Committee meetings, which were essential to the manual input. These efforts kept the committee on track. Mr. George Tupac is here creditedcurrent for lending his special ( expertise which helpedArchival accomplish the committee•s goal. ( Mr. Murray Corry, the Committee Secretary,guidance is commended here for committee liaisonreflect and for his helpful suggestions. The author particularly appreciates the guidance of Mr. Dan o•connor, Contract Managerpolicy, from the Federal Highway Administrationlonger during the major portion of the contract; and of Mr. Robert Wood, his successor. no The author also wishes to thank Mr. John Campbell of the Caltrans Lab, for technical editing; Mr. Ron Thompson, for Mayexhibit preparation; Mr. Raymond Forsyth, for his general supervisionregulation, and guidance; and Mrs. Bernie Hartman, for typing and distribution to Committee members. v Special thanks is also extended to Mesdames Lorraine Haglund, Carol Johnson, Darla Bailey, Lydia Burgin, and Betty Stoker of the Caltrans Laboratory for typing. Appreciation is also given for review and helpful comments by l~r. Richard Howell and r1r. Earl Shirley of the Enviro­ Chelllical Branch of Caltrans Laboratory; Mr. Hoy Chalmers, the Hydraulics Engineer from the Office of Planning and Design, Mr. Alvin Franks, Chief, Hydrogeologic/Geotechnical Section, California State Water Resources Control Board and Mr. James Morris, Chief of Water Quality Section,accepted California Department of Water Resources. or practice. or current Archival guidance reflect policy, longer no May regulation, vi TABLE OF CONTENTS AC KNOWL EDG Et~ENTS . ii INDEX TO FIGURES . xvi I ND EX T 0 TAB L Es . XX CONVERSION FACTORS .•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• xxi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••• CHAPTER II. STATE-OF-THE-ART .••••••••••••••••••• 6 Background • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • •accepted • 6 1. Infiltration Basins .•••••••••••••••••••or 8practice. 2. Infiltration Trenches .•••••••••••••••••or 9 3. Infiltration Wells .•••••••••••••••••••• 13 4. New Products and Methods for Aiding Infiltration ••••••••••••••••••••current 19 a. SyntheticArchival Filter Fabrics . 1 9 b. Precast Concrete or Formed-In- Place Perforated Slabsguidance . .. .. 20 c. Porous reflectPavements . 21 d. Perforated or Slotted Pipe . 23 CHAPTER I I I. GENERAL policy,CONSIDERATIONS . .. .. 32 Preliminarylonger Information .•••••••••••••••••••• 32 A.no ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS . 34 1. Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••• 34 2. Environmental Considerations of May Runoff Waters ••••••••••••••••••••• 37 regulation,a. Groundwater Quality Processes. 42 b. Groundwater Monitoring ••••••• 45 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) ~ 3. Legal Considerations .•••.••..•..•• 47 a. Introduction .••.•.•..•...••.• 47 b. Water Rights .•••..•.•••••.•.• 50 4. Summary and Conclusions •..••.•••.• 51 B• S 0 I LS EX PL 0 RAT I 0 N . • . • • . • . • • . • . • . 56 l. Considerations for Determining Subsurface Soil and Groundwater Conditions . • • . • . • . .accepted . 56 2. Preliminary Activities ..•..••..••.or 57practice. a.) Possible Sources of Existing Subsurface Data •••••••.•...•.or 57 b.) Preliminary Site Inspection •.. 58 3. General Guidelines for Explorations Programs ..........................current 58 C. EVALUATION ArchivalOF ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS . guidance. 64 l. Alternativesreflect to Positive Discharge. 64 a. Basins . • . • . 64 b. Wells and Pits .••.••••••••••• 64 c. Trenchespolicy, . 65 longerd. Combination Systems .•••••.••• 66 no e. Economic Considerations •••••• 66 2. Site Evaluation and Selection of Alternative Infiltration Systems
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