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Coleoptera, Polyphaga) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese Amber

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Coleoptera, Polyphaga) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese Amber © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at New beetles of Polyphaga (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber A lexander G. K IREJTSHUK, D any A ZAR, P aul T AFFOREAU, R enaud B OISTEL & V incent F ERNANDEZ Abstract: This paper deals with the description of Cretonodes antounazari gen. et sp.nov. (Cretonodini trib.nov., oldest represen- tative of the subfamily Trinodinae; Dermestidae), Rhizophtoma elateroides gen. et sp.nov. (first member of Rhizophtominae sub- fam.nov. and oldest representative of Monotomidae), and Archelatrius marinae gen. et sp.nov. (oldest representative of the Latridi- inae; Latridiidae). Short reviews of known fossil records of the mentioned families are given. Key words: Dermestidae, Latridiidae, Lebanese amber, Monotomidae, new taxa, Rhizophtominae. Santrauka: Šioje publikacijoje aprašoma Cretonodes antounazari gen. et sp.nov. (Cretonodini trib. nov., kuris yra seniausias pošei- mio Trinodinae; Dermestidae atstovas), Rhizophtoma elateroides gen. et sp.nov. (pirmas pošeimio Rhizophtominae subfam.nov. ats- tovas ir seniausias šeimos Monotomidae vabzdys) ir Archelatrius marinae gen. et sp.nov. (seniausias iš Latridiinae; Latridiidae). Trumpai aptariami žinomi minimu˛ šeimu˛ fosiliniai pavyzdžiai. Raktiniai žodžiai: Dermestidae, Latridiidae, Libano gintaras, Monotomidae, nauji taksonai, Rhizophtominae. Introduction approximately of the same age and are mainly late Bar- remian to lowermost Aptian (AZAR et al. 2003a). In This paper is presenting the fifth contribution to the majority of amber outcrops in Lebanon the amber is the knowledge of the Coleoptera fauna from Lower found in its primary deposits. The material studied Cretaceous Lebanese amber (KUSHEL & POINAR 1993; herein comes from Jouar Ess-Souss (known as Jezzine LEFEBVRE et al. 2005; KIREJTSHUK & AZAR 2008; KIRE- outcrop), Southern Lebanon; Homsiyyeh-Aazour- JTSHUK et al. 2009), and is devoted to its families, the Room deposit, Southern Lebanon; Kefar Selouane de- oldest representatives of which are frequently found in posit, Central Lebanon; and mostly from Mdeyrij-Ham- Lebanese inclusions. The families here considered seem mana deposit, Central Lebanon. The material has been to represent rather archaic groups of Cucujiformia, al- prepared (cut and polished), then imbedded in Canada though all of them have rather specialized Recent rela- balsam between two glass cover slips as described by tives. The families considered in the paper are provid- AZAR et al. (2003b); or in a glass cube made by cover ed with a short necessary review of data on systematics slips. For their study the usual optic equipment was and historical development. More detailed information used, in particular the stereomicroscope Olympus on these coleopterous families in the fossil record can SCX9 and inverted microscope Olympus CK 40 in the be found in the catalogue by PONOMARENKO & KIREJT- Paris museum, and also the stereomicroscope Leica MZ SHUK (2008). All new genera here described are repre- 16.0 in the St. Petersburg institute. sented by a single species and, therefore, their defini- tion considerably overlaps with the description of One paratype specimen of Rhizophtoma elateroides species (”descriptio generica specifica“). sp.nov. was scanned and three-dimensionally recon- structed using phase contrast X-ray synchrotron imag- ing (according to the protocol published by LAK et al. Material and methods 2008) before it was finally embedded in Canada balsam The oldest amber with many biological inclusions between two cover slips. All the experiments were per- originated from Lebanon (AZAR 1997) and also from formed on the Beamline ID19 at the European Syn- Denisia 26, surrounding territories (Jordan, Israel: e.g. BANDEL et chrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble zugleich Kataloge der oberösterreichischen al. 1997). Lebanese amber ranges from the Late Jurassic (France). The following description is based on a 3D- Landesmuseen Neue Serie 86 (2009): to Cenomanian in age. The fossiliferous outcrops are all reconstruction, obtained by local propagation phase- 119–130 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Suborder Polyphaga Infraorder Cucujiformia LAMEERE, 1938 Superfamily Dermestoidea LATREILLE, 1804 Family Dermestidae LATREILLE, 1807 This family is characterized by the comparatively small head deflected and rather inserted into the pro- thorax, single median ocellus on vertex, more or less de- veloped antennal club, posterior angles of pronotum usually somewhat projecting posteriorly and complete lateral carina of prothorax, procoxae mostly conical and their cavities open posteriorly, excavate and frequently (sub-) contiguous metacoxae, comparatively wide mete- pimera and simple tarsomeres. This family has been recorded from the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber (COCKERELL 1917; RASNITZIN & ROSS 2000), however, most findings of it originated from the Cenozoic (most- ly from Baltic amber) and are summarized in (LARSSON 1978; SPAHR 1981; HÁVA & PROKOP 2004; PONO- MARENKO & KIREJTSHUK 2008). Most fossil species were put into the genera Dermestes LINNAEUS, 1758 (Lower Miocenian Radoboj: HEER 1847; Lower Oligocene Florissant: WICKHAM 1912); Attagenus LATREILLE, 1802 (Lower Miocene Dominican amber: HÁVA et al. 2006a, 2006b; Lower Oligocene Florissant: SCOODER 1900; WICKHAM 1913; Upper Oligocene or Middle Miocene Salzhausen: C. HEYDEN & L. HEYDEN 1865); Attagenus LATREILLE, 1802; Cryptorhopalum GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE, 1838 (Lower Miocene Dominican amber, and Oligocene-Miocene amber from Chiapas: BEAL 1972; Fig. 1: Cretonodes antounazari gen. et sp.nov.: (a) body of holotype, dorsal; (b) ibid., ventral; (c) ibid., lateral; (d) mesotibia and tarsus, lateral. HÁVA & PROKOP 2004) and Trinodes DEJEAN, 1821 (Up- per Eocene Baltic amber: HAVA & PROKOP 2006). Fur- ther species described are also Amberoderma beali HAVA & PROKOP, 2005 from Dominican amber; Miocryp- contrast microtomography (TAFFOREAU et al. 2006; LAK torhopalum kirkbyae PIERCE, 1960 from the Middle Mio- et al. 2008). The parameters of the scan were as follows: cen of Moja, and Orphilus dubius WICKHAM, 1912 from monochromatic beam set at an energy of 20.5 keV using the Lower Oligocene of Florissant. The species here de- a multilayer monochromator, 15mm of propagation dis- scribed is the oldest representative of the family at this tance between the sample and the detector, 25 mm time. Another specimen from Lebanese amber still waits thick YAG scintillator screen, isotropic voxel size of for study and description. 1.03 µm, 2500 projections of 0.3 s each taken over 360 degrees. After tomographic reconstruction and 8-bit Subfamily Trinodinae CASEY, 1900 conversion, the volume was segmented in 3D using the This subfamily can be diagnosed due to (sub) erect software VGStudioMax 2.0 (Volume Graphics, Heidel- long and stout hairs on dorsum, 11-segmented antennae berg, Germany), in order to virtually extract the speci- with 1-6-segmented club, pronotum with paralateral men from its amber. striae, prohypomera without depressions for reception of The material under consideration is temporally de- antennal club, prosternum somewhat projecting anteri- orly. Till now this subfamily is known as fossils only posited in the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Muséum from Baltic amber (Trinodes: LARSSON 1978; SPAHR National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, awaiting the cre- 1981; HÁVA 2003; HÁVA & PROKOP 2004, 2006 etc.). ation of a national natural history museum in Lebanon. Among inclusions of the lowermost Eocene French am- ber more than 30 specimens of this subfamily were re- cently found and all of them belong to the genera quite distinct, but rather related to those represented in the 120 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Figs 2-5: Cretonodes antounazari gen. et sp.nov., holotype: (2) body, dorsal; (3) ibid., lateral; (4) metathorax, elytra and abdomen, ventral; (5) antennal club. Scale bar: A = 0.5 mm. Recent fauna. At the same time the species here de- Genus Cretonodes KIREJTSHUK & AZAR, gen.nov. scribed is very isolated among the members of the sub- Type species: Cretonodes antounazari sp.nov. family and it could be separated from all of them as a Etymology: The name of this new genus is formed particular tribe. from the name of the Cretaceous geological period and the generic root (”nodes“) of the subfamily’s genotype. Tribe Cretonodini KIREJTSHUK & AZAR, trib.nov. Type genus: Cretonodes gen.nov. Cretonodes antounazari KIREJTSHUK & AZAR, Diagnosis: The new species under description has sp.nov. (Figs 1, 2-5) Holotype: ”939“, =. The complete specimen, with the following diagnostic peculiarities: very elongate and some gas layers and very small vesicles because of coarse strongly convex body, very narrowly separate pro- and microsculpture and pubescence in the very small bar of mesocoxae (subcontiguous), narrowly separate meta- amber (length c. 3 mm, width c. 2 mm), is embedded in coxae, very narrow and very long legs. All these charac- Canada balsam in a box of glass cover slips on the mi- ters put it in a very distinct and isolated position among croscope glass. A piece of organic matter is in the front all genera of the subfamily. Therefore it makes possible of specimen from left and another piece at the right side to regard this species not only as a separate genus, but of distal third of the elytra. The beetle seems to be also as a separate tribe. somewhat laterally compressed and somewhat laterally 121 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria;
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