DOCSLIB.ORG

Can Drones Map Earth Cracks? Landslide Measurements in North Greece Using UAV Photogrammetry for Nature-Based Solutions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Can Drones Map Earth Cracks? Landslide Measurements in North Greece Using UAV Photogrammetry for Nature-Based Solutions sustainability Article Can Drones Map Earth Cracks? Landslide Measurements in North Greece Using UAV Photogrammetry for Nature-Based Solutions Paschalis D. Koutalakis 1 , Ourania A. Tzoraki 1 , Georgios I. Prazioutis 2, Georgios T. Gkiatas 3 and George N. Zaimes 3,* 1 Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilene, Greece; [email protected] (P.D.K.); [email protected] (O.A.T.) 2 Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, International Hellenic University, University Campus Magnisias, 62124 Serres, Greece; [email protected] 3 UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, University Campus Drama, 1st km Drama-Mikrohoriou, 66100 Drama, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2521-060-411 Abstract: The accuracy of photogrammetry for geohazards monitoring has improved within the last years because of the “drone revolution”. This study is an attempt to perform morphometric measure- ments in a landslide event that took place near the village Nea Zichni in Northern Greece. The DJI Mavic 2 Pro was selected to capture orthoimages of the entire area including the landslide event but also other adjusted disaster phenomena. The images were loaded in the commercial software Pix4D in order to produce orthomosaics and digital surface models of the area. The georeferenced results Citation: Koutalakis, P.D.; Tzoraki, were further analyzed in ArcGIS in order to digitize and estimate the morphometric parameters of O.A.; Prazioutis, G.I.; Gkiatas, G.T.; Zaimes, G.N. Can Drones Map Earth the landslide, such as its area and volume, but also to detect cracks and plot the tensile cracking Cracks? Landslide Measurements in directions. We conclude that the methodology and produced outputs are crucial for the responsible North Greece Using UAV authorities to detect, monitor and mitigate natural disasters such as landslide events and other mass Photogrammetry for Nature-Based movements. The best practices to control mass movements are nature-based solutions such as soil Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4697. bioengineering and proper vegetation cover assisted by engineering measures. Finally, our goal is to https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094697 frequently monitor the landslide phenomenon in order to determine its evolution. Academic Editor: Alejandro Keywords: drone; DSM; fissures; geohazard; GIS; mapping; natural disaster; nature-based solutions; Gonzalez-Ollauri orthomosaic; UAS Received: 15 March 2021 Accepted: 19 April 2021 Published: 22 April 2021 1. Introduction The definition of the landslide hazard is difficult because it is a very complex nat- Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in ural (or even man-triggered) phenomenon [1]. A landslide is “a process of changes in published maps and institutional affil- the stress–strain state of a slope groundmass leading to a mass separation and ground iations. movement downslope, while maintaining a continuous contact between sliding mass and underlying undisturbed ground” [2]. This specific definition of “landslide” excludes other related types of slope failures such as subsidence, toppling and rockfall [3,4]. In general, a landslide develops in time through several stages (prefailure deformations, failure itself and postfailure displacements) but it can also be a sudden event. Additionally, there are Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. landslides with many movement episodes, separated by long or short periods of relative Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article inactivity [5]. Landslides are complicated phenomena and may exhibit many different slope distributed under the terms and failures apart from the main soil slump, e.g., topples, rockfall, subsidence, creep, etc. while conditions of the Creative Commons typical and profound types of fractures are the tensile cracks or fissures (Figure1)[6,7]. Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// Geohazards such as landslides, mass movements, subsidence and sinkholes have been creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ recorded in many areas of Greece (Florina, Thessaloniki, Thessaly, etc.) [8–10] as well as in 4.0/). other parts of the world (Ebro River in Spain, Mexico City, Venice in Italy, etc.) [11–13]. Most Sustainability 2021, 13, 4697. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094697 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 while typical and profound types of fractures are the tensile cracks or fissures (Figure 1) [6,7]. Geohazards such as landslides, mass movements, subsidence and sinkholes have been recorded in many areas of Greece (Florina, Thessaloniki, Thessaly, etc.) [8–10] as well Sustainability 2021, 13, 4697 as in other parts of the world (Ebro River in Spain, Mexico City, Venice in Italy, etc.)2 of 20[11– 13]. Most of these cases are characterized by the presence of loose sedimentary deposits with confined or semiconfined aquifers, as well as artesian aquifers [14,15]. Slope satura- oftion these by cases water are is characterized a primary cause by the of presence landslid ofes. loose This sedimentary can occur by deposits extreme with precipitation confined orevents semiconfined [16], by aquifers, active faults as well and as earthquakes artesian aquifers [17], [14by, 15intense]. Slope human saturation activities, by water construc- is a primarytions and cause urbanization of landslides. causes This [18,19], can occur by by climate extreme change precipitation in permafrost events regions [16], by [20] active and faultsby sea and level earthquakes rise in coastal [17], byareas intense (including human tsunamis) activities, [21,22]. constructions and urbanization causes [Landslides18,19], by climate and other change catastrophic in permafrost events regions have [significant20] and by impacts sea level on rise human in coastal com- areasmunities (including and can tsunamis) result in [21 several,22]. kinds of damage, such as economic losses and, in the worstLandslides cases, casualties and other [23,24]. catastrophic Monitoring events is have mandatory significant in order impacts to investigate on human commu-such phe- nitiesnomena, and can to resultassess in the several possible kinds triggering of damage, factors such asand economic to measure losses the and, evolution in the worst of the cases,postemergency casualties [23 phase.,24]. Monitoring There are isvarious mandatory meth inods, order tools to investigateand approaches such phenomena, for landslide tomonitoring assess the possible that include triggering geophones factors andand to incl measureinometers, the evolution topographical of the postemergencysurvey measure- phase.ments There with are total various stations methods, or Global tools Navigati and approacheson Satellite for Systems landslide (GNSS) monitoring receivers, that in-Air- cludeborne geophones Light Detection and inclinometers, and Ranging topographical (LiDAR) systems, survey measurementsTerrestrial Laser with Scanners total stations (TLSs), orphotogrammetric Global Navigation techniques Satellite Systemsusing aerial (GNSS) photos receivers, or high Airborne resolution Light satellite Detection images, and Dif- Rangingferential (LiDAR) Interferometry systems, using Terrestrial radar Laser images Scanners (DInSAR) (TLSs), and photogrammetric photogrammetric techniques techniques usingusing aerial data photos from Unmanned or high resolution Aerial Vehicles satellite (U images,AVs) [25–28]. Differential A successful Interferometry innovative using ex- radarample images is the (DInSAR)LITMUS landslide and photogrammetric detection system, techniques which provides using data a web from portal Unmanned and a live Aerialdemonstration Vehicles (UAVs) map of [25 the–28 events.]. A successful The LITMUS innovative combines example multiple is the physical LITMUS sensors landslide such detectionas near system,real-time which data providesfrom the aUnited web portal States and Geological a live demonstration Survey (USGS) map seismic of the network, events. Thethe LITMUS Tropical combines Rainfall Measuring multiple physical Mission sensorsby National such Aeronautics as near real-time and Space data Administra- from the Unitedtion (NASA), States Geological but also Surveyreports (USGS)from social seismic media, network, e.g., Twitter, the Tropical YouTube, Rainfall and Measuring Instagram Mission[29]. by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), but also reports from social media, e.g., Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram [29]. Figure 1. An idealized illustration of a landslide that has evolved to a slump-earth flow. The image also contains the main parts of the landslide with labels (image based on Varnes classification 1978). Figure 1. An idealized illustration of a landslide that has evolved to a slump-earth flow. The image also contains the main parts of the landslide with labels (image based on Varnes classification 1978). The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or the Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), or as they are most well-known “drones”, are tools that can provide spatial resolution datasets on local or wider scale areas [30,31]. The UAV is a component of an unmanned aircraft/aerial system (UAS), which includes the tool, the pilot and the communication system [32]. During the last decade, the combination of: (a) the rapid development of low cost UAV with improved battery life and (b) the reduction in the dimensions and costs of the optical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Aromanians in Macedonia
    Macedonian Historical Review 3 (2012) Македонска историска ревија 3 (2012) EDITORIAL BOARD: Boban PETROVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editor-in-chief) Nikola ŽEŽOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Dalibor JOVANOVSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Toni FILIPOSKI, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia Charles INGRAO, Purdue University, USA Bojan BALKOVEC, University of Ljubljana,Slovenia Aleksander NIKOLOV, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Đorđe BUBALO, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ivan BALTA, University of Osijek, Croatia Adrian PAPAIANI, University of Elbasan, Albania Oliver SCHMITT, University of Vienna, Austria Nikola MINOV, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Macedonia (editorial board secretary) ISSN: 1857-7032 © 2012 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius - Skopje Faculty of Philosophy Macedonian Historical Review vol. 3 2012 Please send all articles, notes, documents and enquiries to: Macedonian Historical Review Department of History Faculty of Philosophy Bul. Krste Misirkov bb 1000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia http://mhr.fzf.ukim.edu.mk/ [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Nathalie DEL SOCORRO Archaic Funerary Rites in Ancient Macedonia: contribution of old excavations to present-day researches 15 Wouter VANACKER Indigenous Insurgence in the Central Balkan during the Principate 41 Valerie C. COOPER Archeological Evidence of Religious Syncretism in Thasos, Greece during the Early Christian Period 65 Diego PEIRANO Some Observations about the Form and Settings of the Basilica of Bargala 85 Denitsa PETROVA La conquête ottomane dans les Balkans, reflétée dans quelques chroniques courtes 95 Elica MANEVA Archaeology, Ethnology, or History? Vodoča Necropolis, Graves 427a and 427, the First Half of the 19th c.
    [Show full text]
  • IAU OAD TF2E Final Report
    Astronomical Measurements in Ancient Greece IAU OAD Project TF2E Final Report Astronomical Measurements in Ancient Greece (project TF2E) Final report Introduction – Project goals Although it is not widely known to students and the public, the ancient Greek philosophers had made a number of accurate astronomical measurements and created successful models in an effort to describe the wonders of the Cosmos. With the power of the human mind they carried out reasonable estimates of the sizes of the earth, the moon and the sun and the distances of the sun and moon from the earth. This project’s aim is two-fold. Firstly it aims at bringing this knowledge to the secondary education students, who, by carrying out these measurements, will appreciate how an innovative mind can explore the universe from our little planet. The students will carry on exploring the universe beyond the earth, moon and sun and by analysing their observations will evolve their knowledge of the universe and change any alternative ideas held to the scientific accepted ones. Secondly, it is this project’s aim to support these students in reaching out the community and spreading this knowledge to the public so that everyone can realize that the cosmos is not far out of reach but is within everybody’s grasp to explore it even from their own backyard, as the Ancient Greek astronomers did. 1. Short summary A series of workshops was designed to support students of the senior High School (called Lyceum) of Nea Zichni to get acquainted to the acomplishments of ancient Greek philosophers regarding astronomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Fhu2xellcj7lgbnexipovzl4g6a.Pdf
    Griechenland Attika...................................................................................................................................................4 Athen-Zentrum.....................................................................................................................................4 Athen-Nord...........................................................................................................................................5 Athen-Süd.............................................................................................................................................6 Athen-West...........................................................................................................................................7 Piräus....................................................................................................................................................8 Inseln....................................................................................................................................................9 Ostattika..............................................................................................................................................10 Westattika............................................................................................................................................11 Epirus.................................................................................................................................................12 Arta.....................................................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Balkan Wars Between the Lines: Violence and Civilians in Macedonia, 1912-1918
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: BALKAN WARS BETWEEN THE LINES: VIOLENCE AND CIVILIANS IN MACEDONIA, 1912-1918 Stefan Sotiris Papaioannou, Ph.D., 2012 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe, Department of History This dissertation challenges the widely held view that there is something morbidly distinctive about violence in the Balkans. It subjects this notion to scrutiny by examining how inhabitants of the embattled region of Macedonia endured a particularly violent set of events: the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War. Making use of a variety of sources including archives located in the three countries that today share the region of Macedonia, the study reveals that members of this majority-Orthodox Christian civilian population were not inclined to perpetrate wartime violence against one another. Though they often identified with rival national camps, inhabitants of Macedonia were typically willing neither to kill their neighbors nor to die over those differences. They preferred to pursue priorities they considered more important, including economic advancement, education, and security of their properties, all of which were likely to be undermined by internecine violence. National armies from Balkan countries then adjacent to geographic Macedonia (Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia) and their associated paramilitary forces were instead the perpetrators of violence against civilians. In these violent activities they were joined by armies from Western and Central Europe during the First World War. Contrary to existing military and diplomatic histories that emphasize continuities between the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War, this primarily social history reveals that the nature of abuses committed against civilians changed rapidly during this six-year period.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomologia Hellenica
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by National Documentation Centre - EKT journals ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 23, 2014 The entomofauna on the leaves of two forest species, Fagus sylvatica and Corylus avelana, in Menoikio Mountain of Serres Stoikou M. Laboratory of Forest Protection, Department of Forestry and Environmental Management and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou str., Orestiada Karanikola P. Laboratory of Forest Protection, Department of Forestry and Environmental Management and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou str., Orestiada https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11538 Copyright © 2017 M. G. Stoikou, P. P. Karanikola To cite this article: Stoikou, M., & Karanikola, P. (2014). The entomofauna on the leaves of two forest species, Fagus sylvatica and Corylus avelana, in Menoikio Mountain of Serres. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 23(2), 65-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11538 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 21/02/2020 00:31:27 | ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 23 (2014): 65-73 The entomofauna on the leaves of two forest species, Fagus sylvatica and Corylus avelana, in Menoikio Mountain of Serres M.G. STOIKOU AND P.P. KARANIKOLA* Laboratory of Forest Protection, Department of Forestry and Environmental Management and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou str., Orestiada ABSTRACT The insect species composition and their abundance were investigated on the leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica, Fagaceae) and hazel trees (Corylus avelana, Betulaceae) in the mixed forest located in Menoikio Mountain of Serres. For that purpose from April to June 2011 leaves were collected from the two forest species at weekly intervals and the insects found were reared in the laboratory under outdoor conditions and checked every day till their pupation and adult emergence.
    [Show full text]
  • Visa & Residence Permit Guide for Students
    Ministry of Interior & Administrative Reconstruction Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate General for Citizenship & C GEN. DIRECTORATE FOR EUROPEAN AFFAIRS Immigration Policy C4 Directorate Justice, Home Affairs & Directorate for Immigration Policy Schengen Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.ypes.gr www.mfa.gr Visa & Residence Permit guide for students 1 Index 1. EU/EEA Nationals 2. Non EU/EEA Nationals 2.a Mobility of Non EU/EEA Students - Moving between EU countries during my short-term visit – less than three months - Moving between EU countries during my long-term stay – more than three months 2.b Short courses in Greek Universities, not exceeding three months. 2.c Admission for studies in Greek Universities or for participation in exchange programs, under bilateral agreements or in projects funded by the European Union i.e “ERASMUS + (placement)” program for long-term stay (more than three months). - Studies in Greek universities (undergraduate, master and doctoral level - Participation in exchange programs, under interstate agreements, in cooperation projects funded by the European Union including «ERASMUS+ placement program» 3. Refusal of a National Visa (type D)/Rights of the applicant. 4. Right to appeal against the decision of the Consular Authority 5. Annex I - Application form for National Visa (sample) Annex II - Application form for Residence Permit Annex III - Refusal Form Annex IV - Photo specifications for a national visa application Annex V - Aliens and Immigration Departments Contacts 2 1. Students EU/EEA Nationals You will not require a visa for studies to enter Greece if you possess a valid passport from an EU Member State, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • New VERYMACEDONIA Pdf Guide
    CENTRAL CENTRAL ΜΑCEDONIA the trip of your life ΜΑCEDONIA the trip of your life CAΝ YOU MISS CAΝ THIS? YOU MISS THIS? #can_you_miss_this REGION OF CENTRAL MACEDONIA ISBN: 978-618-84070-0-8 ΤΗΕSSALΟΝΙΚΙ • SERRES • ΙΜΑΤΗΙΑ • PELLA • PIERIA • HALKIDIKI • KILKIS ΕΣ. ΑΥΤΙ ΕΞΩΦΥΛΛΟ ΟΠΙΣΘΟΦΥΛΛΟ ΕΣ. ΑΥΤΙ ΜΕ ΚΟΛΛΗΜΑ ΘΕΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΧΑΡΤΗ European emergency MUSEUMS PELLA KTEL Bus Station of Litochoro KTEL Bus Station Thermal Baths of Sidirokastro number: 112 Archaeological Museum HOSPITALS - HEALTH CENTERS 23520 81271 of Thessaloniki 23230 22422 of Polygyros General Hospital of Edessa Urban KTEL of Katerini 2310 595432 Thermal Baths of Agkistro 23710 22148 23813 50100 23510 37600, 23510 46800 KTEL Bus Station of Veria 23230 41296, 23230 41420 HALKIDIKI Folkloric Museum of Arnea General Hospital of Giannitsa Taxi Station of Katerini 23310 22342 Ski Center Lailia HOSPITALS - HEALTH CENTERS 6944 321933 23823 50200 23510 21222, 23510 31222 KTEL Bus Station of Naoussa 23210 58783, 6941 598880 General Hospital of Polygyros Folkloric Museum of Afytos Health Center of Krya Vrissi Port Authority/ C’ Section 23320 22223 Serres Motorway Station 23413 51400 23740 91239 23823 51100 of Skala, Katerini KTEL Bus Station of Alexandria 23210 52592 Health Center of N. Moudania USEFUL Folkloric Museum of Nikiti Health Center of Aridea 23510 61209 23330 23312 Mountain Shelter EOS Nigrita 23733 50000 23750 81410 23843 50000 Port Authority/ D’ Section Taxi Station of Veria 23210 62400 Health Center of Kassandria PHONE Anthropological Museum Health Center of Arnissa of Platamonas 23310 62555 EOS of Serres 23743 50000 of Petralona 23813 51000 23520 41366 Taxi Station of Naoussa 23210 53790 Health Center of N.
    [Show full text]
  • Layout for Individual Lists of Approved Plants
    Last amendment: 22-07-2021 MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF VETERINARY SERVICES DIRECTORATE OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS SECTION I Establishments or plants carrying out intermediate activities and plants storing animal by-products Activities Entry Number Approval and Associated and Name Town/Region Category(1) Remarks number Product activities Date types (2) COLLECTION, DRYING PETROYSA COLL, 291021 ‘’AFOI MARIGGOY & AND 1. 2Y3EL52E DRAMA 3 OTHER 09-05-07 SIA E.E.’’ SALTING HIDES AND Τel.6972000494 HISKR SKINS 3d km KATERINIS-NEAS EFESOY SORTING, CUTTING, ‘’KOYKOYLIATAS OTHER, 336208 «KOYLOYRA» CHILLING AND 2. 7Υ3EL61Ε GEORGIOS’’ 3 STORP 06-11-07 PIERIA STORING HIDES AND HISKR Τel.23510 51272 SKINS Fax.2351052271 292761/ «POWER WOOLINEX 11-04-08 PRODUCTION 3. 12Y3EL13E LTD» AIGIO AXAIA 3 WHBF 963/40025 PROCESSED WOOL 26-03-2014 MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD. GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF VETERINARY SERVICE. DIRECTORATE OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH. DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS Σελίδα 1 Last amendment: 22-07-2021 VI.PE. (industrial area) COLLECTION, OTHER, 295759 ‘’KARAPATSIAS ST.’’ ORESTIADAS CHILLING, SALTING 4. 13Υ3EL71Ε 3 STORP 08-05-08 EVROS AND STORING HIDES HISKR Τel.25520 28740 AND SKINS Position PLALISTRA COLL, COLLECTION, DRYING ‘’DANIAS 339712 LIVADIA OTHER AND 5. 22Y3EL03E IOANNIS’’ 3 22-10-08 VIOTIA HISKR SALTING HIDES AND Τel.22610 27417 SKINS Position PLALISTRA COLL, COLLECTION, DRYING 339713 ‘’DANIAS LIVADIA OTHER AND 6. 23Y3EL03E 3 22-10-08 DIMITRIOS’’ VIOTIA HISKR SALTING HIDES AND Τel.22610 27417 SKINS AG. TRIADA COLL, COLLECTION, DRYING AKROTIRIOY CHANION 334543 ‘’KARAGIANNAKIS OTHER AND 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Data for WNV Infection Outbreak In
    NPHO, 2020 Annual Report Annual epidemiological report for West Nile virus human infection, Greece, 2020 This epidemiological report aims to present an overview of the epidemiological data on West Nile Virus (WNV) human infection, the reported cases and the public health response to WNV in Greece for transmission period 2020. Data presented in this report was derived from the notifications of laboratory diagnosed human cases of WNV infection sent to the Hellenic National Public Health Organization (NPHO) by the treating physicians and from the daily communication with diagnostic laboratories: i) the National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, ii) the Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, iii) the Hellenic Pasteur Institute, iv) the Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete. The Vector-borne Diseases Department of the Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases of the NPHO undertakes a verification procedure and investigates all reported cases within 24 hours, through communication with the treating physicians and the patients, in order to identify the probable place of exposure, the characteristics of the disease and the risk factors. In addition, the health status/ outcome of hospitalized cases is daily updated. In 2020 period, one hundred forty-five (145) laboratory diagnosed cases of WNV infection were reported to NPHO, one hundred sixteen (116) of which presented with neuro-invasive disease (WNND, with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, encephalitis and/or meningitis and/or acute flaccid paralysis) and twenty-nine (29) cases presented with mild symptoms (febrile syndrome, without CNS manifestations, “West Nile Fever”) (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Sydney
    THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Copyright and use of this thesis This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author -subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Copyright Service. sydney.edu.au/copyright A Comparative Study of West Slope Pottery Productions in the Hellenistic World Elizabeth A. Bollen Volume 1.2 Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sydney 2004 Contents Volume 1.1 Acknowledgements ........ ix Abstract ......... xi Ch. 1 An Introduction to West Slope Pottery .... 1 1.1 Historical Setting ....... 1 1.2 Definition of West Slope Pottery. .... 4 1.2.1 The name .....
    [Show full text]
  • Visa & Residence Permit Guide for Students
    Ministry of Interior & Administrative Reconstruction Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate General for Citizenship & C GEN. DIRECTORATE FOR EUROPEAN AFFAIRS Immigration Policy C4 Directorate Justice, Home Affairs & Directorate for Immigration Policy Schengen Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.ypes.gr www.mfa.gr Visa & Residence Permit guide for students 1 Index 1. EU/EEA Nationals 2. Non EU/EEA Nationals 2.a Mobility of Non EU/EEA Students - Moving between EU countries during my short-term visit – less than three months - Moving between EU countries during my long-term stay – more than three months 2.b Short courses in Greek Universities, not exceeding three months. 2.c Admission for studies in Greek Universities or for participation in exchange programs, under bilateral agreements or in projects funded by the European Union i.e “ERASMUS + (placement)” program for long-term stay (more than three months). - Studies in Greek universities (undergraduate, master and doctoral level - Participation in exchange programs, under interstate agreements, in cooperation projects funded by the European Union including «ERASMUS+ placement program» 3. Refusal of a National Visa (type D)/Rights of the applicant. 4. Right to appeal against the decision of the Consular Authority 5. Annex I - Application form for National Visa (sample) Annex II - Application form for Residence Permit Annex III - Refusal Form Annex IV - Photo specifications for a national visa application Annex V - Aliens and Immigration Departments Contacts 2 1. Students EU/EEA Nationals You will not require a visa for studies to enter Greece if you possess a valid passport from an EU Member State, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • The Model-Space and Web-Based Virtual Electric Circuit Laboratories
    Enhancing Science Education: the Model-space and Web-based Virtual Electric Circuit Laboratories Taramopoulos Athanasios Anastasios Molochidis, Hatzikraniotis Euripides Psillos Dimitrios Secondary Education Department of Physics Department of Education General Lyceum of Nea Zichni Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Nea Zichni, Greece Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—This paper presents two virtual electric circuit Modern virtual laboratory environments can be categorized laboratories designed and developed within the Science Education into five groups with respect to their technical runtime Cosmos-Evidence-Ideas framework. The virtual laboratories characteristics and appearance [11]: Simulations, networked implement all necessary Physics laws in real time and possess applet labs (Cyber Labs), Virtual Labs (VL), Virtual Reality highly desirable features for Science Education, such as Labs (VR Labs) and Remote Labs (robotic labs controlled over photorealistic graphics, direct manipulation of objects, user network). Simulations, Virtual Labs and Virtual Reality Labs friendliness and multiple measuring instruments. Most are computer applications which, mainly for speed and security importantly they incorporate multiple visualizations of the reasons, are executed at the user’s local computer. This restricts experiments via the Model-space tool which facilitates the linking their use inside the school premises and does not allow between the schematics (model) and the real appearance of an assignments of exploratory homework utilizing the virtual electric circuit. One of laboratories is web-based and can be utilized remotely offering teachers and students unique laboratory. Such activities can only be carried out with the use advantages in distance education.
    [Show full text]