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Direct Action and the Struggle for Integration Mulford Q
Hastings Law Journal Volume 16 | Issue 3 Article 3 1-1965 Direct Action and the Struggle for Integration Mulford Q. Sibley Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mulford Q. Sibley, Direct Action and the Struggle for Integration, 16 Hastings L.J. 351 (1965). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol16/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. Direct Action and the Struggle for Integration By MuLorm Q. Smri.y* A MOST striking aspect of the integration struggle in the United States is the role of non-violent direct action. To an extent unsurpassed in history,1 men's attentions have been directed to techniques which astonish, perturb, and sometimes antagonize those familiar only with the more common and orthodox modes of social conflict. Because non- violent direct action is so often misunderstood, it should be seen against a broad background. The civil rights struggle, to be sure, is central. But we shall examine that struggle in the light of general history and the over-all theory of non-violent resistance. Thus we begin by noting the role of non-violent direct action in human thought and experience. We then turn to its part in the American tradition, par- ticularly in the battle for race equality; examine its theory and illus- trate it in twentieth-century experience; inquire into its legitimacy and efficacy; raise several questions crucial to the problem of civil disobedience, which is one of its expressions; and assess its role in the future battle for equality and integration. -
SENATE—Thursday, September 16, 2010
15878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 156, Pt. 11 September 16, 2010 SENATE—Thursday, September 16, 2010 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY safety. I have had a number of people called to order by the Honorable CARTE LEADER from Nevada—about a dozen people— P. GOODWIN, a Senator from the State The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- who have talked about their foodborne of West Virginia. pore. The majority leader is recog- illnesses, children whose growth is nized. stunted their entire life. One young PRAYER woman spent 11 months in the hospital f The PRESIDING OFFICER. Today’s as a result of eating tainted spinach. opening prayer will be offered by Rev. SCHEDULE All over America this is happening. Dr. Bruce Hargrave, vice president of Mr. REID. Mr. President, following We have food safety laws that are in- development for the United Methodist any leader remarks, the Senate will re- adequate and causing people to get sick Theological Seminary, Moscow, Russia. sume consideration of the small busi- because the food is not checked closely The guest Chaplain offered the fol- ness jobs bill. Under an agreement we enough. Senators DURBIN, HARKIN, lowing prayer: reached yesterday, Senator GRASSLEY chairman of the committee, and ENZI Let us pray. and Senator HATCH will offer their re- have worked hard to get something O God, You are the eternal sovereign spective motions to suspend the rules. done. I have talked with Senator of all the world and yet personal. Help Senators BAUCUS, GRASSLEY, and MCCONNELL. He thinks something our Senators to be aware of Your pres- HATCH will control 15 minutes each, for should be done. -
Performative Citizenship in the Civil Rights and Immigrant Rights Movements
Performative Citizenship in the Civil Rights and Immigrant Rights Movements Kathryn Abrams In August 2013, Maria Teresa Kumar, the executive director of Voto Lat mo, spoke aJongside civil rights leaders at the fiftieth anniversary of the March on Washington. A month earlier, immigrant activists invited the Reverend Al Sharpton to join a press conference outside the federal court building as they celebrated a legal victory over joe Arpaio, the anti-immigrant sheriff of Maricopa County. Undocumented youth orga nizing for immigration reform explained their persistence with Marlin Luther King's statement that "the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towardjustice." 1 The civil rights movement remains a potent reminder that politically marginalized groups can shape the Jaw through mobilization and col lective action. This has made the movement a crucial source of sym bolism for those activists who have come after. But it has also been a source of what sociologist Doug McAdam has called "cultural innova uons"2: transformative strategies and tactics that can be embraced and modified by later movements. This chapter examines the legacy of the Civil Rights Act by revisiting the social movement that produced it and comparing that movement to a recent and galvanizing successor, the movement for immigrant rights.3 This movement has not simply used the storied tactics of the civil rights movement; it has modified them 2 A Nation of Widening Opportunities in ways that render them more performative: undocumented activists implement the familiar tactics that enact, in daring and surprising ways, the public belonging to which they aspire.4 This performative dimen sion would seem to distinguish the immigrant rights movement, at the level of organizational strategy, from its civil rights counterpart, whose participants were constitutionally acknowledged as citizens. -
You May Well Ask: "Why Direct Action? Why Sit Ins, Marches and So Forth? Isn't Negotiation a Better Path?" You Are Quite Right in Calling for Negotiation
TITLE: PENTECOST 2020 Media: Liturgical Watercolor Artist: Marcus A. Hong “You may well ask: "Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?" You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored.” Martin Luther King, Jr. “Letter from a Birmingham City Jail” "If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. This struggle may be a moral one, or it may be a physical one, and it may be both moral and physical, but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never does and it never will." Frederick Douglass, from the "West Indian Emancipation" speech, 1857 I recently re-read the Pentecost narrative in Acts chapter 2. As if for the first time, I recognized how disturbing and disruptive the event must have been. There is a sound like "a VIOLENT rushing wind." (NRSV) Flame appears above the disciples. People think the disciples are drunk. 1 In this chaotic moment, Peter addresses the crowd, quoting the prophets: "In the last days it will be, God declares, that I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams. -
Waving the Constitution at Those Who Ignore It
WAVING THE CONSTITUTION AT THOSE WHO IGNORE IT I waved my pocket copy of the Constitution at Nancy Pelosi on July 19,2008. Khizr Khan waved his at Donald Trump on July 28,2016. In real time Thursday night, I caught only the final few seconds of Khizer Khan’s powerful speech at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. Through the rest of Thursday and Friday, more and more of the details of the speech flitted through my Twitter stream and then my heart was warmed when I saw photos of Khan pulling out his pocket copy of the Constitution and waving it at Donald Trump. Almost exactly eight years ago, I had done the same thing, waving my pocket copy at Nancy Pelosi, who then was Speaker of the House and appearing at Netroots Nation in Austin. Khan was confronting Trump about his campaign in which he had noted that “Trump consistently smears the character of Muslims. He disrespects other minorities, women, judges, even his own party leadership. He vows to build walls and ban us from this country.” (Quotes come from this copy of Khan’s transcript.) Khan then continued, presumably in reference to banning Muslims from the US: “Donald Trump, you are asking Americans to trust you with our future. Let me ask you: Have you even read the U.S. Constitution? I will gladly lend you my copy.” In my case, as I noted here and then in a follow-up a couple of months later here, I was urging Pelosi to act on the clear evidence that the George W. -
Americablog News| a Great Nation Deserves the Truth: What
AMERICAblog News| A great nation deserves the truth: What... http://www.americablog.com/2005/08/what-makes-people-gay.html AmoLatino.com Feedback - Ads by Google JOHN'S PHOTOS MONDAY, AUGUST 15, 2005 What Makes People Gay? by Michael in New York on 8/15/2005 11:53:00 AM A lengthy, interesting Boston Globe article about why people are gay. It looks at all the recent studies and concludes that people are "born" that way, though well-funded studies are needed and there's a lot more to learn. Basically a sympathetic, friendly article for gays. But, hey, this is a blog and blogs were born to nitpick, so here goes. (Thanks to threader Gypsy Queen for pointing us to this.) What makes the case of Patrick and Thomas so fascinating is that it calls into question both of the dominant theories in the long-running debate over what makes people gay: nature or nurture, genes or learned behavior. Actually, only the MSM would describe the debate that way. It's been pretty clear to researchers (and obvious to queers) that sexual orientation is typically due to some combination of genetics and "environment," with environment typically referring to in utero exposure to certain amounts of hormones, etc. People are genetically disposed to being gay and that orientation is "locked in" by the time we're three at most, and most of the factors that lead to it are in utero. (A gross generalization, of course.) But no one serious in the field has argued for many years that dad refusing to play catch with his eight year old son is a contributing factor. -
OFFICIAL NETROOTS NATION 2010 STRAW POLL QUESTIONS Straw
OFFICIAL NETROOTS NATION 2010 STRAW POLL QUESTIONS Straw Poll conducted by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research & Revolution Messaging Thursday, July 22 – Sunday, July 25, 2010 Las Vegas, Nevada Please indicate if you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling his job as president? --Strongly approve --Somewhat approve --Somewhat disapprove --Strongly disapprove What race is your top priority this fall? --Jack Conway vs. Rand Paul (KY Senate) --Harry Reid vs. Sharron Angle (NV Senate) --Tarryl Clark vs. Michele Bachmann (MN CD-6) --Joe Sestak vs. Pat Toomey (PA Senate) --Tom Perriello vs. Robert Hunt (VA CD-5) Now please read the list below and indicate which ONE you think should be the TOP priority for President Obama and Congress. (RANDOMIZE) --Immigration reform --Improve jobs situation --Finish Afghanistan --Iraq drawdown --Reduce deficit --Repeal DADT Which of the following people would you most like to see as the Republican nominee for president in 2012? (RANDOMIZE) --Sarah Palin --Mitt Romney --Mike Huckabee --Newt Gingrich --Ron Paul --Tim Pawlenty --Rick Santorum --Mike Pence Which of the following do you think is President Obama’s top accomplishment in his first year and a half in office? (RANDOMIZE) --Health care reform --Economic recovery plan --New Afghanistan strategy --Extend unemployment pay --Moving toward DADT repeal --Wall St. reform Compared to the 2006 midterm elections, are you more enthusiastic about voting this year, or less enthusiastic? --More enthusiastic --Less enthusiastic --About the same 1 = FIRST statement STRONGLY 2 = FIRST statement NOT SO STRONGLY 3 = SECOND statement NOT SO STRONGLY 4 = SECOND statement STRONGLY 5 = Both 6 = Neither _____ I would like to see President Obama work more closely with Republicans to get his agenda through Congress. -
Ethical and Political Approaches Anthology V8 WEBSITE VERSION
Ethical and Political Approaches Anthology V8 Pre-publication draft. “Are We Smart Enough to Know When to Take the Political Turn for Animals?” Published in Ethical and Political Approaches to Nonhuman Animal Issues edited by Andrew Woodhall and Gabriel Garmendia da Trindade (Palgrave Macmillan; 2017) Kim Stallwood An advocate for animals who is an author and independent scholar and consultant [email protected] www.kimstallwood.com Author, Growl: Life Lessons, Hard Truths, and Bold Strategies from an Animal Advocate (Lantern Books; 2017) Kim Stallwood 1 Ethical and Political Approaches Anthology V8 Are We Smart Enough to Know When to Take the Political Turn for Animals? 1. Protests in the Primaries The 2016 presidential election in the United States had its share of street theatre, but not all was attributable to Donald Trump. Early on in the primaries, on March 30, three protestors from the animal rights organisation Direct Action Everywhere (DxE) interrupted US Senator and Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders while he spoke at a town hall meeting in Kenosha, Wisconsin.1 This was one of a small number of protests targeting Sanders by DxE. A YouTube video showed the protestors holding a banner declaring “Animal Liberation Now.” They shouted that Sanders once said, “The greatness of a nationI is measured by how it treats its most vulnerable,” but claimed that Sanders — who campaigned as a “Democratic socialist” — continued to “ignore the most vulnerable in our society,” meaning nonhuman animals. The protestors eventually were drowned out by the crowd’s hand-clapping and chanting of “Bernie! Bernie! Bernie!” From the stage, Sanders gestured for the protestors to sit down. -
The Civil Rights Movement in the West: 1950-1970
"JUSTICE IS SLOW BUT SURE": THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE WEST: 1950-1970 Quintard Taylor* Americans remain fascinated by the African American-led Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s that transformed this nation. Our fascination for the era encompasses a search for its proper place in the nation's history. In the early 1970s, the first Civil Rights Movement historians portrayed the period as one dominated by a national political coalition, inspired by heroic figures such as Martin Luther King and Fannie Lou Hamer, which secured major new national legislation such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. By the 1980s and 1990s other historians argued that the movement could best be explained in terms of local initiatives from "grass-roots" organi- zations in the South. For them, it was the role of indigenous Southern black leaders throughout the region and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Com- mittee (SNCC) organizers who assisted their efforts.' Civil rights campaigns in the American west suggest a third alternative. This movement was a national transformation, an energizing of small and large African American communities in the North and West as well as the South, which was certainly inspired by national goals and leadership, but which also pursued a distinct local agenda. For African American westerners, the Move- ment was not simply a television report of police dogs set on demonstrators in distant Birmingham or Alabama State Troopers confronting voting rights marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge outside Selma. It was instead the cam- paign of ordinary people to end job bias or school segregation in local commu- nities as diverse as Berkeley, Omaha, San Antonio, Phoenix, Wichita, Seattle and Las Vegas.' An examination of the civil rights movement in the American West offers opportunities for analyzing the third alternative and possibly refashioning our views on that era. -
Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition
handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 1 Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition Published by War Resisters’ International Second Edition June 2014 ISBN 978-0-903517-28-7 Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) 1 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 2 2 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 3 CREDITS The process of writing this Handbook was a collective effort, with people from across the world (more than 20 countries) contributing their time, skills, knowledge and resources. The first edition was translated into 10 languages. The second edition was expanded on by a range of writers and contributors. All of the content and translations are available for free online at http://wri-irg.org/pubs/NonviolenceHandbook Coordinator: Andrew Dey Editorial Committee: Javier Gárate, Subhash Kattel, Christine Schweitzer and Joanne Sheehan Editorial consultant: Mitzi Bales Layout: Contributors to both editions of the handbook include: Ahmadullah Archiwal, Eric Bachman, Roberta Bacic, Jagat Basnet, April Carter, Janet Cherry, Jungmin Choi, Howard Clark, Jake Coleman, Lavinia Crossley, Jagat Deuja, Denise Drake, Hilal Demir, Luke Finn, Abraham Gebreyesus Mehreteab, Dan Glass, Symon Hill, Ruth Hiller, Ippy, Yeo Jeewoo, Jørgen Johansen, Sian Jones, Randy Kehler, Adele Kirsten, Boro Kitanoski, Hans Lammerant, Cattis Laska, Tali Lerner, Benard Lisamadi Agona, Dieter Lünse, Brian Martin, Jason MacLeod, Shannon McManimon, Rosa Moiwend, Michael Randle, Andrew Rigby, Vicki Rovere, Chesterfield Samba, Ruben Dario Santamaria, Vivien Sharples, Martin Smedjeback, Majken Sorensen, Andreas Speck, Jill Sternberg, Roel Stynen, Miles Tanhira, Katja Tempel, Cecil Barbeito Thonon, Ferda Ûlker, Sahar Vardi, Stellan Vinthagen, Steve Whiting, Dorie Wilsnack. -
And the Environment Resistance, Social Change
Resistance, Social Change, and the Environment Introduction Environment is one of the key sites of global social change, with environ- mental activist groups seeking to draw attention to the effects of specific practices on the environment, and subsequently seeking to impact policy making and practices that shape the environment (Castells, 1996, 1997, 1998; della Porta & Diani, 2006; Rootes, 2004; Sklair, 1995). In our discus- sion of the politics of resistance in this chapter, we will specifically focus on global social change movements that emphasize local participation and processes of change, situated amidst the broader backdrop of claims making and presentation of arguments that seek to impact the realms of policy making and programming. Drawing upon examples from the global North as well as from the South, we will particularly examine the ways in which social change processes are constituted amidst policy frameworks and articulations across various global spaces. We will attend to the discursive pro- Chapter cesses and strategies through which resistive efforts Four of transforming environmental policies are played out. The voices of resistance weaved together in this 137 138 Resistance, Social Change, and the Environment chapter create opportunities for engaging in dialogue with alternative rationalities for organizing the environment and, more importantly, the knowledge about the environment. In the voices of resistance to the global politics of the environment, entry points are created for disrupting the monolithic narratives of global policies that are dictated by the powerful influences of transnational cor- porations (TNCs) in shaping global, national, and local environmental policies (Pezzullo, 2004; Rootes, 2002a, 2002b; Sklair, 1995; Smith, 2002; Yearley, 1994, 1996; Yearley & Forrester, 2000). -
AS-3405-19/FA (Rev) Creating a Holistic
ACADEMIC SENATE OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY AS-3405-19/FA (Rev) November 14-15, 2019 CREATING A HOLISTIC AND HUMANE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CSU RESOLVED: That the Academic Senate of the California State University (ASCSU) requests the California State University System concentrate on the mission of educating students with an emphasis on holistic and humane educational environments, with a focus on faculty and staff as wholly integral to this mission; and be it further RESOLVED3 3T : That the ASCSU recommends the creation of a task force to develop specific actions that 3 3T support3 3T holistic and humane educational environments; and be it 33Tfurther RESOLVED3 3T : 33TThat the 33TASCSU 33T distribute this resolution to the 33TCSU Board of Trustees, CSU Chancellor, CSU campus Presidents, CSU campus Senate Chairs, CSU campus Senate Executive 33TCommittees3 3T , CSU Provosts/Vice Presidents of Academic Affairs, CSU campus articulation officers, California Faculty Association (CFA), California State Student Association (CSSA), CSU Emeritus and Retired Faculty & Staff Association (CSU-ERFSA), Academic Senate for the California Community Colleges (CCC), Academic Senate of the University of California (UC), California Community Colleges’ Board of Governors, and the University of California Board of Regents. RATIONALE: It is imperative that the CSU focuses on our raison d’etre: educating students. This is particularly urgent in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis sweeping the globe, the U.S., California, and the CSU system simultaneously. But teaching and learning cannot happen in 1 landscapes of fearP0F P – for students, nor for faculty. Racial, gender, religious, and sexual violence creates fear.