DOCSLIB.ORG

Oil and Gas Towns in Western Siberia: Past, Present and Future Challenges Yvette Vaguet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oil and Gas Towns in Western Siberia: Past, Present and Future Challenges Yvette Vaguet Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges Yvette Vaguet To cite this version: Yvette Vaguet. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges. Nordregio, Nordregio, 2013, WP 6:218 (125-132). halshs-01779907v2 HAL Id: halshs-01779907 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01779907v2 Submitted on 22 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 21. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges Yvette Vaguet Introduction er, what lies in the future could also be a flourishing economy with the prospect of oil-and-gas development Western Siberia, lying mainly in a permafrost area, has northwards to the Arctic Ocean. Awaiting a response, been urbanised for two decades or thereabouts. Russia the region still presents a positive migration balance has had the most notable experience of urbanisation and nowadays Western Siberian towns are trying to di- within the circumpolar zone and the landscape bears versify their economic profile. Municipalities are also the most consummate signs of this experience in the trying to improve the quality of life in order to retain, region. if not attract, inhabitants, especially the more highly Oil extraction constitutes the major determinant of skilled. Moreover, here and there in these towns, there this urbanisation. The Ob’ region is one of the biggest are evident signs of gentrification, with the spread of oil and gas basins in the world, and contributes up to the detached house model, as in many parts of the 68 % of the national production of oil and 91 % of gas. world. Thanks to Western Siberia, Russia is the first gas pro- To sum up, upcoming challenges question the resil- ducer in the world, and the second for oil. This exploi- ience of this urban geographical system. The answer is tation started in 1964. During the Soviet era, the de- not as easy as it might appear. This article introduces velopment of the oil/gas industry came with the spread the complexity of the subject. Because of its unique of modern society northwards within the almost un- 50-year experience, Western Siberia is a key area when inhabited taiga first, and the tundra later, as far as the considering urban development in the Arctic. Yamal peninsula along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. When the USSR collapsed less than 30 years later, 23 out of 28 towns had been created ex-nihilo and were as- 1. Past challenges: Building an sociated with considerable in-migration. Building hu- urban system on the edge man residential and industrial infrastructure on this The study area in this article covers three constituent scale and at this pace within such a harsh natural envi- entities of the Russian Federation. It includes two pro- ronment, almost without any permanent human settle- ducing territories, namely the Autonomous Okrug of ment nearby, was a challenge in itself. Town and coun- Khanty-Mansi (mostly oil producing), and towards the try planning currently have new challenges to face. north, the Autonomous Okrug of Yamalo-Nenets One can wonder if these urban centres were actual along the Arctic Ocean coastline (mostly gas produc- towns rather than just short-term settlements. The cur- ing). It also includes the southern Oblast of Tyumen, rent debate concerns the future of these towns: whether which is not hydrocarbon producing itself but has ad- they can survive beyond the peak oil or even earlier by ministrative functions (fig. 1). The whole study region flooding of the marshy Ob’ basin due to global warm- is 70 % the size of Greenland. ing and its associated melting permafrost. Howev- VAGUET, Y. 2013. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges. In Nordregio, ed. Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic. WP 6:218. 125–132. Figure 1: Western Siberia, its oil and gas towns The development of industry started in 1964 at the Sa- sistence came from hunting, fishing, gathering and matlor oil field near the future town of Surgut (61°15’N). reindeer herding, as it still does today. Their territory This was the beginning of a fantastic human adventure, was structured by rivers. There was neither major road which was also, one should note, an environmental dis- nor airport, and their administrative centres (Khanty- aster. From the start, modern society, both urban and Mansiysk (61°00’N) and Salekhard (66°32’N)) resem- industrial, was to be found in the south, mostly along bled fishing villages. the Trans-Siberian Railway. Meanwhile, the two huge This economic transition brought not only indus- northern Okrugs were the territory of indigenous peo- trialisation and urbanisation but also a rotation of the ples (the Khanty, Mansi and Nenets). Their main sub- main regional strategic axis: from the east-west Trans- VAGUET, Y. 2013. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges. In Nordregio, ed. Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic. WP 6:218. 125–132. Siberian, it developed northwards towards the Arctic. in many ways. First, numerically speaking, the pic- New hydrocarbon fields progressively opened up in ture of an empty Okrug was no longer a reality. If 83 these environments, which were increasingly difficult % of Western Siberia’s population were to be found in for humans and human activities. In the mid-1960s, the southern Oblast of Tyumen in 1959, the northern the first oil pipelines were laid in the middle of the Ob two Okrugs had 57 % of the regional population by River in marshy areas, in the discontinuous permafrost 1989. Secondly, in qualitative terms, the image of an and an active 80 cm thick layer. In the late 1980s, the urban and industrial Russian society in the southern Urengoi gas basin opened up in an area where perma- part alongside a nomadic and rural indigenous soci- frost is up to 400 m thick and contains up to 50 % of ety in the northern part is no longer true either (Za- ice. It produces more gas than all the European coun- itseva A.N., 2002; Vaguet-Marchand Yv., 2004; Vaguet tries put together. Its associated town, Novy-Urengoi Y., 2007). Out of the 28 towns, 23 are new, created for (66°05’N), is one of thebiggest cities within the polar the needs of the economic transition. Among those, 21 region (pop.≈100 000). Northwards, more recent gas were created within the northern two Okrugs that reg- fields extend across the continuous permafrost area, up istered the biggest urban increases within the country to 500 m thick and containing up to 90 % of ice. Since for half a century (fig. 2). Their population became ur- 2000, a gas pipeline has connected the Yamal peninsula ban (>77 %). Moreover, the new population came from to Western Europe. all over the USSR and was unrelated to indigenous peo- In-migration was high and directed towards the two ples, their lifestyle and arctic environment. Meanwhile, northern Okrugs. The regional population increased a complex transport network emerged with a major from 1.1 million in 1959 to 5.2 million in 2002. In- north-south railway, a main north-south road and air- migration reduced the gap between North and South ports in every town. Figure 2: The urban transition (database: SiberCities ©Yv. Vaguet) Apart from towns, there are other kinds of settlements month or so, before going back home. Workers arrive that were introduced by the economic transition. In or- mainly by air in the nearest town and the company der to get an official town status, an urban centre needs picks them up at the airport by bus and drives them to apply for this status from the government when its straight to the base. Thus, the town of Noyabrsk population is greater than 12,000 inhabitants. While (63°12’N) for instance, had up to 10 % of its population there are 28 urban centres with town status, there are employed as shift-workers, which is to say about 10,000 also about 40 urban settlements without this official in 1991. status. They have all arisen since the mid-1960s for the In this process of industrialisation and urbanisation needs of the economic transition; they are gas plant or of Western Siberia, the creation of a settlement follows road maintenance facility centres, etc. Besides these, a model. First, prospectors arrive and if hydrocarbons long distance commuter settlements should also be are found, human settlement starts. Newcomers are mentioned. They are small outposts in the taiga or tun- mostly young men (20-30 years old) and possessing few dra where oil and gas shift-workers come to work for a skills. They build all the required human infrastruc- VAGUET, Y. 2013. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia: past, present and future challenges. In Nordregio, ed. Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic. WP 6:218. 125–132. ture (roads, pipelines, industrial plants, houses, etc.). Russia, which registered dramatic out-migration dur- Shortly afterwards, women arrive and the settlement ing the 1990s. registers a baby boom. Meanwhile the building stage is The city of Noyabrsk is a good example of this pro- still ongoing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yamalia English Language Teachers’ Association
    Yamalia English Language Teachers’ Association YAMALIA – THE BACK OF BEYOND A Series of English Lessons in Yamalia Studies Edited by Eugene Kolyadin Yelena Gorshkova Oxana Sokolenko Irina Kolyadina Based on teaching materials created by Alevtina Andreyeva (Salemal), Svetlana Bochkaryova (Salekhard), Natalia Bordzilovskaya (Noyabrsk), Natalia Derevyanko (Noyabrsk), Yelena Gorshkova (Gubkinsky), Olga Grinkevich (Muravlenko), Tamara Khokhlova (Noyabrsk), Anzhelika Khokhlyutina (Muravlenko), Irina Kolyadina (Gubkinsky), Yulia Rudakova (Nadym), Irina Rusina (Noyabrsk), Diana Saitova (Nadym), Yulia Sibulatova (Nadym), Natalia Soip (Nadym), Yelena Ten (Nadymsky district), Natalya Togo (Nyda), Olga Yelizarova (Noyabrsk), Alfiya Yusupova (Muravlenko), Irina Zinkovskaya (Nadym) Phonetic and Listening Comprehension tapescripts sounded by Svetlana Filippova, Associate Professor, Nizhny Novgorod Dobrolyubov State Linguistics University Gubkinsky Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2015 2 Yamalia English Language Teachers’ Association Yamalia – the Back of Beyond. A Series of English Lessons in Yamalia Studies: Сборник учебно-методических материалов для проведения учебных занятий по регионоведению Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа на английском языке в 8 – 11 классах средних общеобразовательных организаций / Под ред. Е.А. Колядина, Е.А. Горшковой, И.А. Колядиной, О.Б. Соколенко. – Губкинский, 2015. – 82 c. – На англ. яз. Yamalia – the Back of Beyond 3 FOREWORD1 The booklet you are holding in your hands now is a fruit of collaboration of tens of Yamalia teachers of English from different parts of the okrug. The main goal of the authors’ team was to summarise the best practices developed by the okrug educators as well as their expertise in teaching regional studies and disseminate that all around Yamalia. We think that it is a brilliant idea to arm our teachers with ready-made though flexible to adaptation lessons to teach students to different aspects of life in our lands in English.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Policies for Arctic Cities
    RUSSIAN ANALYTICAL DIGEST No. 129, 24 June 2013 2 ANALYSIS Russia’s Policies for Arctic Cities By Alexander Pilyasov, Moscow Abstract Although the population of Russia’s Arctic has shrunk notably in the past two decades, the region contin- ues to be highly urbanized. The process of developing sustainable, economically self-sufficient, and socially resilient urban centers requires the implementation of informed and directed policy at the federal and local level. In order to assist in informing better policy, this article establishes several categories of northern urban centers based on their economies, political situation, and social networks. The efficacy of policy is analyzed through two case studies, the cities of Muravlenko and Gubkinsky, which have experienced divergent out- comes despite their proximity and organization. Finally, some general policy recommendations are proposed for the different urban categories, based on their varying needs and characteristics. Introduction (a short statistical review of mum to minimum salaries is often a factor of three. The Russian Arctic cities) most attractive sectors in terms of salary are usually pub- Russian Arctic cities are known for the large size of their lic policy, finance, and mining. In the single-industry populations relative to the Arctic region in general. By cities, differentials between maximum and minimum far, the majority of the biggest Arctic cities are located salaries are usually greater, sometimes by a factor of six, in Russia. Their large size stems from the Soviet era’s but in extreme cases the difference between the best and “triumph of the cities,” and continues to be centered worst paid can be as much as 13 times.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Version Assessing the Efficiency of Gazprom Neft's Contribution
    GAZPROM NEFT Gazprom Neft at a glance Sustainable development management Health and safety Commissioning Environmental safety of the Sports Complex Employee development in Yamalo-Nenets Social policy Autonomous Okrug Appendices Expanding partnership with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Gazprom Neft and the Government The area of the Ice Centre totals 5,400 of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous square metres. The Centre will host Okrug signed a supplementary ice-hockey, figure-skating, and other agreement on partnership winter-sports training sessions in social and economic projects. and competitions. The parties will continue their cooperation to ensure The Polyarny Sports Complex will further economic development allow local residents to swim, Modern sports centres of the region, and improve quality play futsal, basketball, volleyball are an essential of life there. The agreement also and tennis, do aerobics and dance all part of development provides for the development year round. The 7,000-square-metre on Yamal. Sports of energy infrastructure and roads complex also includes a versatile facilities such as Polyarny in the Tazovsky district. gym and a weight room, an aerobics are becoming centres that studio, and a six-lane swimming pool. attract local residents The company implemented several and open up new opportunities major infrastructure projects The company has previously opened for talented children. Together in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous such sports facilities in Noyabrsk, with the Avangard Ice Centre, Okrug, designed to promote Myuravlenko, and Tarko-Sale. which we built nearby an attractive urban environment, Construction of the multifunctional in cooperation with regional and develop sport for children Yamal-Arena Sports Complex authorities, it marks and the general public, as part in Salekhard is continuing the completion of sports of the “Home Towns” Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth of Cheap Russian Gas
    Founded by H.S.H. Prince Michael of Liechtenstein The myth of cheap Russian gas Dr. Frank Umbach Russia & Central Asia Sept. 05 2017 The desolate Arctic landscape of Gazprom’s Bovanenkovo gas field on the Yamal peninsula, 4,300 kilometers away from West European customers (source dpa) A frequent but unquestioned claim about the controversial Nord Stream 2 (NS-2) gas pipeline and the latest round of American sanctions against Russia is that Russian natural gas is much cheaper than that of rival suppliers. This particularly applies to liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from shale producers in the United States. According to this argument, the European Union should leave it to the market price to determine which gas suppliers European importers choose. But Russia’s cheap gas from its mature fields in Western Siberia are rapidly dwindling, while output from the new gas fields in the Yamal peninsula must be heavily subsidized to offset higher production and transport costs. This question is far from academic at a time when gas prices in Europe and Asia are declining rapidly, and the LNG exports from the U.S. are getting cheaper. In fact, Europe is now entering a new era when Russian gas (if not subsidized) is no longer cheap, and LNG from the U.S. and other producers is no longer expensive. Different product From 2012 to 2016, the average price of Russian natural gas exports to Europe dropped from more than $400 per 1,000 cubic meters (cm) to just $167. That significantly undercut prices at Europe’s main gas hubs (the Netherlands’ TTF and Germany’s NCG), which averaged about $243-$245 per 1,000 cm last year.
    [Show full text]
  • Circulation in the Southwestern Part of the Kara Sea in September 2007 A
    ISSN 00014370, Oceanology, 2010, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 643–656. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2010. Original Russian Text © A.G. Zatsepin, E.G. Morozov, V.T. Paka, A.N. Demidov, A.A. Kondrashov, A.O. Korzh, V.V. Kremenetskiy, S.G. Poyarkov, D.M. Soloviev, 2010, published in Okeanologiya, 2010, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 683–697. MARINE PHYSICS Circulation in the Southwestern Part of the Kara Sea in September 2007 A. G. Zatsepina, E. G. Morozova, V. T. Pakab, A. N. Demidova, A. A. Kondrashovb, A. O. Korzhb, V. V. Kremenetskiya, S. G. Poyarkova, and D. M. Solovievc a Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Email: [email protected] b Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia c Marine Hydrophysical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine Received September 16, 2009; in final form, January 2, 2010 Abstract—During cruise 54 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh to the southwestern Kara Sea (September 6 to October 7, 2007), a large amount of hydrophysical data with unique spatial resolution was obtained on the basis of measurements using different instruments. The analysis of the data gave us the possibility to study the dynamics and hydrological structure of the southwestern Kara Sea basin. The main elements of the gen eral circulation are the following: the Yamal Current, the Eastern Novaya Zemlya Current, and the St. Anna Trough Current. All these currents are topographically controlled; they flow over the bottom slopes along the isobaths. The Yamal Current begins at the Kara Gates Strait and turns to the east as part of the cyclonic cir culation.
    [Show full text]
  • Nenets Reindeer Herders on the Lower Yenisei River: Traditional Economy Under Current Conditions and Responses to Economic Change
    Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions and responses to economic change Konstantin B. Klokov The article is dedicated to the problems of survival and development among the aboriginal peoples of northern Russia in the context of current conditions. Data collected in the western part of the Taimyr Autonomous District allowed us to divide the non-sedentary population of this territory into three groups differentiated by overall way of life, land use and economic “calendar.” These groups are: the nomadic reindeer herders of the tundra (about 250-300 people), the semi-nomadic fishermen- herders of Yenisei delta (about 500), and t6e nomadic herders of the forest-tundra (300-350). The economy and ways of life of the three non-sedentary groups are described. Communities whose traditional subsistence base is reindeers have entered a crucial period. In response to the pressure of the dominant society, these peoples have three possible strategies: isolation, passive adaptation and active adaptation. Only the last strategy can preserve their culture, and create a “neoculture”. Now, however, passive adaptation predominates. The mutual, bi-directional process of cultural integration needs to reinforce positive aspects of acculturation and promote active, rather than passive, adaptation. A necessary condition for this is the appearance among the Nenets of an intermediate social stratum which maintains close links to nomadic reindeer-husbandry and is simultaneously integrated into the dominant society. K. B. Klokov, Geography Institute, University qf St. Petersburg, 41/43 Sredni Prospect, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia. Reindeer husbandry in the Russian North is in One area stands out against this overall picture crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Spatial Study of Geo-Economic Risk Exposure of Russia's Arctic Mono-Towns with Commodity Export-Based Economy
    Journal of Geography and Geology; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2014 ISSN 1916-9779 E-ISSN 1916-9787 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Spatial Study of Geo-Economic Risk Exposure of Russia’s Arctic Mono-Towns with Commodity Export-Based Economy Anatoly Anokhin1, Sergey Kuznetsov2 & Stanislav Lachininskii1 1 Department of Economic & Social Geography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 2 Institute of Regional Economy of RAS, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Correspondence: Stanislav Lachininskii, Department of Economic & Social Geography, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Tel: 7-812-323-4089. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 30, 2013 Accepted: January 14, 2014 Online Published: January 16, 2014 doi:10.5539/jgg.v6n1p38 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v6n1p38 Abstract In the context of stagnating global economy mono-towns of Arctic Russia are especially exposed to uncertainty in their socio-economic development. Resource orientation of economy that formed in the 20th century entails considerable geo-economical risk exposure both for the towns and their population as well as for Russia's specific regions. In the 1990–2000s Russia’s Arctic regions were exposed to a systemic crisis which stemmed from production decline, out-migration, capital asset obsolescence, depletion of mineral resources and environmental crisis. This spatial study of geo-economic risk exposure of Russia’s Arctic mono-towns with commodity export-based economy was conducted at four dimensions - global, macro-regional, regional and local. The study of the five types of geo-economic risks was based on the existing approach, economic and socio-demographic risks being the most critical for the towns under consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Territories and Empires: from Mongol Ulus to Russian Siberia1200-1800 Stephen Kotkin
    Defining Territories and Empires: from Mongol Ulus to Russian Siberia1200-1800 Stephen Kotkin (Princeton University) Copyright (c) 1996 by the Slavic Research Center All rights reserved. The Russian empire's eventual displacement of the thirteenth-century Mongol ulus in Eurasia seems self-evident. The overthrow of the foreign yoke, defeat of various khanates, and conquest of Siberia constitute core aspects of the narratives on the formation of Russia's identity and political institutions. To those who disavow the Mongol influence, the Byzantine tradition serves as a counterweight. But the geopolitical turnabout is not a matter of dispute. Where Chingis Khan and his many descendants once held sway, the Riurikids (succeeded by the Romanovs) moved in. *1 Rather than the shortlived but ramified Mongol hegemony, which was mostly limited to the middle and southern parts of Eurasia, longterm overviews of the lands that became known as Siberia, or of its various subregions, typically begin with a chapter on "pre-history," which extends from the paleolithic to the moment of Russian arrival in the late sixteenth, early seventeenth centuries. *2 The goal is usually to enable the reader to understand what "human material" the Russians found and what "progress" was then achieved. Inherent in the narratives -- however sympathetic they may or may not be to the native peoples -- are assumptions about the historical advance deriving from the Russian arrival and socio-economic transformation. In short, the narratives are involved in legitimating Russia's conquest without any notion of alternatives. Of course, history can also be used to show that what seems natural did not exist forever but came into being; to reveal that there were other modes of existence, which were either pushed aside or folded into what then came to seem irreversible.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject of the Russian Federation)
    How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • A Check-List of Longicorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
    Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 18(3): 199–212 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL doi: 10.15298/euroasentj.18.3.10 JOURNAL, 2019 A check-list of longicorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Tyumenskaya Oblast of Russia Àííîòèðîâàííûé ñïèñîê æóêîâ-óñà÷åé (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Òþìåíñêîé îáëàñòè V.A. Stolbov*, E.V. Sergeeva**, D.E. Lomakin*, S.D. Sheykin* Â.À. Ñòîëáîâ*, Å.Â. Ñåðãååâà**, Ä.Å. Ëîìàêèí*, Ñ.Ä. Øåéêèí* * Tyumen state university, Volodarskogo Str. 6, Tyumen 625003 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. * Тюменский государственный университет, ул. Володарского 6, Тюмень 625003 Россия. ** Tobolsk complex scientific station of the UB of the RAS, Acad. Yu. Osipova Str. 15, Tobolsk 626152 Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. ** Тобольская комплексная научная станция УрО РАН, ул. акад. Ю. Осипова 15, Тобольск 626152 Россия. Key words: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Tyumenskaya Oblast, fauna, West Siberia. Ключевые слова: жесткокрылые, усачи, Тюменская область, фауна, Западная Сибирь. Abstract. A checklist of 99 Longhorn beetle species (Cer- rambycidae of Tomskaya oblast [Kuleshov, Romanen- ambycidae) from 59 genera occurring in Tyumenskaya Oblast ko, 2009]. of Russia, compiled on the basis of author’s material, muse- The data on the fauna of longicorn beetles of the um collections and literature sources, is presented. Eleven Tyumenskaya oblast are fragmentary. Ernest Chiki gave species, Dinoptera collaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Pachytodes the first references of the Cerambycidae of Tyumen erraticus (Dalman, 1817), Stenurella bifasciata (Müller, 1776), Tetropium gracilicorne Reitter, 1889, Spondylis bu- oblast at the beginning of the XX century. He indicated prestoides (Linnaeus, 1758), Pronocera sibirica (Gebler, 11 species and noted in general the northern character 1848), Semanotus undatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Monochamus of the enthomofauna of the region [Csíki, 1901].
    [Show full text]
  • Sibir' (Siberia)
    Ethnolinguistic 28 Lublin 2017 I. Research articles DOI: 10.17951/et.2016.28.187 Aleksandra S t a r z y ń s ka (Olomouc, Palacký University, Czech Republic) Sibir’ (Siberia) in the Russian language system∗ SIBIR’ (СИБИРЬ, SIBERIA) belongs to the concepts and words with a special status in the Russian lexis, and so in the Russian worldview. The present study reconstructs the image of SIBIR’ on the basis of the Russian language system (more precisely, on the basis of dictionaries) and with the use of the cognitive definition proposed by Jerzy Bartmiński. Discussed is the etymology of Sibir’ (Сибирь), the lexeme’s synonyms, opposites, semantic and word-formational derivatives. The analysis is complemented with a survey of fixed expressions and collocations. Thus we arrive at the cognitive definition that consists of thirty defining features organised into the following facets: category, part, opposition, location, non-physical features, size, appearance, localiser, living conditions, function, feelings and attitudes to Siberia, and the region’s inhabitants. In various contexts of the usage of Sibir’ (and its derivatives) the most conspicuous is the negative valuation of Siberia as a place of exile, harsh climate, and unwelcoming living conditions. Key words: cognitive definition, Siberia, language system, Russian ∗ The present paper is an abridged version of a fragment of my Ph.D. dissertation, prepared during my research stay at the Department of Polish Philology, Maria Curie- Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland. The research stay for doctoral students of Palacký Univeristy Olomouc was possible thanks to an agreement between the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Republic of Poland, and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, the Czech Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Sino-Russian Gas Connections and Impacts
    THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY JAPANESE ENERGY SECURITY AND CHANGING GLOBAL ENERGY MARKETS: AN ANALYSIS OF NORTHEAST ASIAN ENERGY COOPERATION AND JAPAN’S EVOLVING LEADERSHIP ROLE IN THE REGION SINO-RUSSIAN GAS CONNECTIONS AND IMPACTS XIAOJIE XU PETROSTRATEGICSTUDIES BEIJING, CHINA PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN ENERGY STUDY SPONSORED BY THE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY – MAY 2000 Sino-Russian Gas Connections and Impacts CONTENT INTRODUCTION CHANGING ENERGY PICTURE IN NORTHEAST ASIA 1. Energy Demands 2. New Hydrocarbon Sources SEARCHING FOR COOPERATION 1. Quests for Russian Resources - Japan - South Korea - North Korea and Mongolia - China 2. Sino-Russian Gas Cooperation - Gas import options and routes - E&P joint ventures in Russia - Extensive cooperation - Financial arrangements - Environmental protection - Governmental coordination - Risk management GEOPOLITICS 1. Geopolitical impacts 2. Geopolitical comparison CONCLUSIONS 1. Prospects 2. Strategic Choices ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCE 2 Sino-Russian Gas Connections and Impacts INTRODUCTION Northeast Asia (N. E. Asia), a sub-region on the Eurasian continent, is strategically significant both geographically and economically. The region has a history of strife including the Russian occupation of Japanese northern islands, the separation of the Koreas as result of Korean War and the Japanese invasion of China during the World War II. Economic connections and political cooperation in this region was minimal during the entire Cold War. Energy producing countries did not export to key consumers in the region. Russian Siberia is bestowed with huge hydrocarbon resources and serves as a large non- OPEC producer competing with OPEC.
    [Show full text]