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Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Staffords Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham 1394-1521 by Carole Rawcliffe 2 - THE SECOND AND THIRD DUKES OF BUCKINGHAM, 1460–1521. When, on 28 February 1464, Edward IV purchased the wardship and marriage of Henry, second Duke of Buckingham, from the first Duke's executors, he may already have intended him as a husband for Elizabeth Wydeville's younger sister, Katherine. The match took place some months before Henry and his brother became members of the new Queen's household in August 1465, and is said to have caused particular offence to Richard, Earl of Warwick, and also to Buckingham himself in later life. Whereas the former probably regarded his own daughter, Isobel, as a more suitable bride for the young Duke, the latter had less cause for resentment. There is certainly no reason to believe that his subsequent hostility to the Wydevilles sprang from a sense of bitterness at being forced to marry beneath him. Although no new estates or titles came to him through his connexion with the Queen, he was at least £3,000 richer as a result of the royal licences which enabled him to enter his inheritance three years before coming of age, and to recover the lordship of Cantref Selyf. He had a more genuine cause for complaint in his permanent exclusion from power and the business of government: his duties at court were purely ceremonial, while his official appointments, such as his brief tenure of the High Stewardship of England for the Duke of Clarence's trial, were largely formal. The Staffords Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham: 1394-1521 by Carole Rawcliffe. Access to raw data. Carole Rawcliffe, The Staffords. Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham, 1394-1521. Abstract. Beauroy Jacques. Carole Rawcliffe, The Staffords. Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham, 1394-1521. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 35ᵉ année, N. 5, 1980. pp. 1070-1072. To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request. The Staffords Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham: 1394-1521 by Carole Rawcliffe. He was born at Stafford, Staffordshire, England, the son of Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford and Anne of Gloucester, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock and a granddaughter of Edward III of England. When Humphrey was a small child his father died and he became 6th Earl of Stafford, inheriting a large estate with lands in more than a dozen counties. He was Knighted in 1421, became a Privy Councillor in 1424. He was made a knight of the Order of the Garter in 1429. Stafford had been Lieutenant-General of Normandy between 1430 and 1432 and was created, in 1431, the Count of Perche, a province in English-occupied Normandy by King Henry VI. This title was one of many granted by Henry VI to his leading supporters during the English occupation of France. On 14 September 1444 he was created the First Duke of Buckingham. He had previously been recognized as Earl of Buckingham, by right of his mother, who was the Countess of Stafford. Captain of Calais, Seneschal of Halton in 1439, and Lieutenant of the Marches from 1442 – 1451, he also served as an Ambassador to France in 1446. Stafford became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle (and Queensborough, on the Isle of Sheppey), in 1450. Buckingham was one of the lords who arrested Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester at Bury St Edmunds on 18 February 1447. Although loyal to King Henry VI he was reluctant to take up arms for Somerset and when the conflict between York and Somerset burst into open war in 1455 he seemed to be the ideal choice to negotiate. After York failed to get an undertaking that Somerset would be tried he was given command of the King's army in the First Battle of St. Albans but was wounded and captured with the King when the Earl of Warwick scored a remarkable success. In spite of this Buckingham kept an open mind and helped maintain a relative stability during York's second protectorate. Unfortunately, his actions estranged him from Queen Margaret. Even so his decision in favour of the queen in 1459 made possible York's humiliation at Ludford Bridge and he was rewarded with extensive grants from the estates of Sir William Oldhall. In 1460 with the invasion by Warwick increasingly likely he was appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports. In the lead up to the Battle of Northampton fought on 10 July 1460 he brusquely told a group of Yorkist bishops that they were not men of peace but men of war and there could be no peace with Warwick. In this Buckingham was supported by his son-in-law Shrewsbury, Beaumont and Egremont but all four were killed by Kentishmen outside the king's tent after Grey de Ruthyn's treachery. Buckingham was buried at Grey Friars. Stafford married Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland sometime before 18 October 1424, at Raby Castle, County Durham, England. They had the following children: 1. Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford (d. 1458). Married Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Stafford, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Eleanor Beauchamp. They were parents of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. 2. Henry Stafford (d. 1471. Second husband of Lady Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp. Margaret Beaufort had previously been married to Edmund Tudor, the eldest half-brother of Henry VI, and had given birth to the future Henry VII two months after Edmund's death. She and Henry Stafford had no children together. 3. Edward Stafford 4. Catherine Stafford (1437 - 26 December 1476). Married John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury. 5. George Stafford (born 1439). Twin brother of William Stafford. 6. William Stafford (born 1439). Twin brother of George Stafford. 7. John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 8 May 1473. Married Constance Green. They were the parents of Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire. 8. Joan Stafford (1442 - 1484). Married first William Beaumont and secondly William Knyvett. 9. Anne Stafford (1446 - 1472). Married first Aubrey de Vere, son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford. She married secondly Thomas Brooke, 8th Baron Cobham. 10. Margaret Stafford. Married Robert Dunham. His eldest son having already died, Humphrey was succeeded by his grandson Henry. He fought and died in the Battle of Northampton, on 10 July 1460. He was on the Lancastrian side. Children of Humphrey Stafford and Lady Anne Neville * Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford+ b. b 1440, d. c 1459 * Sir Henry Stafford b. b 1447, d. 4 Oct 1471 * Lady Joan Stafford b. b 1451 * Catherine Stafford+ b. b 1452, d. 26 Dec 1476 * Anne Stafford+ b. b 1460. The Staffords Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham: 1394-1521 by Carole Rawcliffe. HENRY STAFFORD, Second DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM , 1 (1454-1483), was the son of Humphrey Stafford, killed at the first battle of St. Albans in 1455, and grandson of Humphrey the 1st Duke (cr. 1444), killed at Northampton in 1460, both fighting for Lancaster. The first duke, who bore the title of Earl of Buckingham in right of his mother, was the son of Edmund, 5th Earl of Stafford, and of Anne, daughter of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III; Henry's mother was Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset,* grandson of John of Gaunt. Thus he came on both sides of the Blood Royal, and this, coupled with the vastness of his inheritance, made the young duke's future of importance to Edward IV. He was recognized as duke in 1465, and next year was married to Catherine Woodville, the queen's [Elizabeth Woodville] sister. On reaching manhood he was made a Knight of the Garter in 1474, and in 1478 was high steward at the trial of George, Duke of Clarence. He had not otherwise filled any position of importance, but his fidelity might seem to have been secured by his marriage. However, after Edward's death; Buckingham was one of the first persons worked upon by Richard, Duke of Gloucester. It was through his help that Richard obtained possession of the young king [Edward V], and he was at once rewarded with the offices of Justiciar and Chamberlain of North and South Wales, and Constable of all the royal castles in the principality and Welsh Marches. In the proceedings which led to the deposition of Edward V he took a prominent part, and on the 24th of June 1483 he urged the citizens at the Guildhall to take Richard as king, in a speech of much eloquence, "for he was neither unlearned and of nature marvellously well spoken" (Sir Thomas More). At Richard's coronation he served as chamberlain, and immediately afterwards was made Constable of England and confirmed in his powers in Wales. Richard might well have believed that the duke's support was secured. But early in August Buckingham withdrew from the court to Brecon. He may have thought that he deserved an even greater reward, or possibly had dreams of establishing his own claims to the crown. At all events, at Brecon he fell somewhat easily under the influence of his prisoner, John Morton, who induced him to give his support to his cousin Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond. A widespread plot was soon formed, but Richard had early warning, and on the 15th of October, issued a proclamation against Buckingham.

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