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Deer Velvet Technical Manual Version Made by nature, supported by science. DeerTechnicalVelvet manual New Zealand Deer Products Technical Manual Version 6.3 Copyright Notice © Deer Industry New Zealand 20012009 The copyright and all other rights in these materials belong to Deer Industry New Zealand, P O Box 10 702, Wellington, New Zealand, Phone + 64 4 473 4500 Zealand These materials, and any part of these materials, are not to be reproduced, published, broadcast or used in anyNew other way without the prior written permission of Deer Industry New Zealand. Industry Deer IMPORTANT NOTICE While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information, it is a condition of the supply of this information that Deer Industry New Zealand is not responsible or liable for any loss or damage which may result from the use of, or reliance upon any part of this information. Copyright © This information is intended as scientific information for the use of trade as a summary of research conducted on deer velvet. It is not intended as information for use by consumers and does not represent approved statements related to any product use. This information is provided only for the person or organisation to whom it was supplied. It is not for further dissemination. A register is kept of people and organisations to whom this information is provided. Zealand New Industry Deer Copyright © Contents Table of Contents 1 Background ____________________________________________________________ 9 1.1 Introduction ______________________________________________________________ 9 1.2 Historical Perspective _______________________________________________________ 9 1.3 What is Velvet Antler? ______________________________________________________ 9 1.4 A Renewable Resource _____________________________________________________ 10 1.5 New Zealand Environment __________________________________________________ 10 1.6 Farming of New Zealand Velvet Antler ________________________________________ 10 1.7 Welfare of the Deer during Velvet Removal _____________________________________ 10 1.8 Stringent Health Standards _________________________________________________ 11 1.9 Research ________________________________________________________________ 11 1.10 Research in New Zealand ___________________________________________________ 12 1.11 Deer Industry New Zealand _________________________________________________ 12 2 Velvet in Perspective ___________________________________________________ 13 2.1 Relevance to Modern Lifestyles ______________________________________________Zealand 13 2.2 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 13 2.3 Future Prospects for New Zealand Velvet Antler ________________________________New _ 13 3 Deer Velvet Safety Information ___________________________________________ 15 4 Traditional Use ________________________________________________________ 17 4.1 Early Recorded Use _______________________________________________________ 17 4.2 Traditional Uses __________________________________________________________Industry 17 4.3 Tonic Actions ____________________________________________________________ 17 5 Processing ____________________________________________________________Deer 19 5.1 Preservation _____________________________________________________________ 19 5.2 Processing Yields _________________________________________________________ 19 5.3 Further Processing ________________________________________________________ 19 5.4 Product Description _______________________________________________________ 19 5.5 ExtractionCopyright Yields __________________________________________________________ 20 © 6 Composition and Active Substances _______________________________________ 21 6.1 Overview _______________________________________________________________ 21 6.2 Basic Composition of Velvet Antler ___________________________________________ 21 6.3 Proteins ________________________________________________________________ 24 6.4 Collagen ________________________________________________________________ 27 6.5 Amino Acids _____________________________________________________________ 27 6.6 Lipids __________________________________________________________________ 30 6.7 Glycosaminoglycans _______________________________________________________ 31 6.8 Polyamines ______________________________________________________________ 31 6.9 Nucleic acid components ___________________________________________________ 31 6.10 Vitamins ________________________________________________________________ 32 Velvet Technical Manual, Version 6.3 3 Contents 7 Dosage Rates _________________________________________________________ 33 7.1 Overview ________________________________________________________________ 33 7.2 Doses of Deer Velvet Recommended by Medical Practitioners ______________________ 33 7.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 34 8 Overview of Health Benefits _____________________________________________ 35 8.1 Traditional Chinese Medicine ________________________________________________ 35 8.2 Russia __________________________________________________________________ 35 8.3 Specific Health Benefits Reviewed in this Manual ________________________________ 35 9 Support for Growth ____________________________________________________ 37 9.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 37 9.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 37 9.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 37 10 Immune Function ______________________________________________________ 43 10.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 43 10.2 Suggested Immunological Rationale __________________________________________Zealand 43 10.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 43 11 Healthy Joint Function __________________________________________________New 47 11.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 47 11.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 47 11.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 47 12 Strong Bones _________________________________________________________Industry 51 12.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 51 12.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 51 12.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________Deer 51 13 Aiding Recovery After Tissue Injury ________________________________________ 57 13.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 57 13.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 57 13.3 Research SupportCopyright _________________________________________________________ 57 14 Blood Health __________________________________________________________© 61 14.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 61 14.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 61 14.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 61 15 Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Health __________________________________ 67 15.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 67 15.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 67 15.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 67 16 Normal Cholesterol Balance _____________________________________________ 71 16.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 71 16.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 71 4 Velvet Technical Manual, Version 6.3 Contents 16.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 71 17 Athletic Performance ___________________________________________________ 73 17.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 73 17.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 73 17.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 73 18 Support for Memory Function ____________________________________________ 81 18.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 81 18.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 81 18.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 81 19 Ageing _______________________________________________________________ 83 19.1 Health Benefits ___________________________________________________________ 83 19.2 Suggested Physiological Rationale ____________________________________________ 83 19.3 Research Support _________________________________________________________ 83 20 Toxicity and Contraindications ____________________________________________ 85 20.1 Toxic Effects _____________________________________________________________Zealand 85 20.2 Precautions ______________________________________________________________ 86 21 References ____________________________________________________________New 89 Industry Deer Copyright © Velvet Technical Manual, Version 6.3 5 Contents List of Tables Table 1. Composition of adult New Zealand red deer velvet antler _____________________________ 23 Table 2. Collagen and glycosaminoglycans concentrations in Canadian
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