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SOUTH SUDAN OCTOBER 2016 Advancing Partners & Communities Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) Is a Five-Year Cooperative Agreement Funded by the U.S

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SOUTH SUDAN OCTOBER 2016 Advancing Partners & Communities Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) Is a Five-Year Cooperative Agreement Funded by the U.S COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS CATALOG COUNTRY PROFILE: SOUTH SUDAN OCTOBER 2016 Advancing Partners & Communities Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) is a five-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-12-00047, beginning October 1, 2012. APC is implemented by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. in collaboration with FHI 360. The project focuses on advancing and supporting community programs that seek to improve the overall health of communities and achieve other health-related impacts, especially in relationship to family planning. APC provides global leadership for community-based programming, executes and manages small- and medium-sized sub-awards, supports procurement reform by preparing awards for execution by USAID, and builds technical capacity of organizations to implement effective programs. Recommended Citation Kristen Devlin, Susan Higman, Kimberly Farnham Egan, and Tanvi Pandit-Rajani. 2016. Community Health Systems Catalog Country Profile: South Sudan. Arlington, VA: Advancing Partners & Communities. Photo Credits: EU/ECHO/Malini Morzaria, Aimee Brown/Oxfam, Arsenie Coseac. JSI RESEARCH & TRAINING INSTITUTE, INC. 1616 Fort Myer Drive, 16th Floor Arlington, VA 22209 USA Phone: 703-528-7474 Fax: 703-528-7480 Email: [email protected] Web: advancingpartners.org COUNTRY PROFILE: SOUTH SUDAN | 2 ACRONYMS APC Advancing Partners & Communities BHC boma health committee BPHNS Basic Package for Health and Nutrition Services CHD county health department CHS community health system CHW community health worker CMHT county health management team CMW community midwife FP family planning HHP home health promoter HSDP Health Sector Development Plan IUD intrauterine device MCHW maternal and child health worker MOH Ministry of Health NGO nongovernmental organization PHCC primary health care center PHCU primary health care unit SMOH state ministry of health TB tuberculosis TBA traditional birth attendant USAID United States Agency for International Development VHC village health committee WASH water, sanitation, and hygiene COUNTRY PROFILE: SOUTH SUDAN | 3 INTRODUCTION This Community Health Systems (CHS) Catalog country profile is the 2016 update of a landscape assessment that was originally conducted by the Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) project in 2014. The CHS Catalog focuses on 25 countries deemed priority by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Office of Population and Reproductive Health, and includes specific attention to family planning (FP), a core focus of the APC project. The update comes as many countries are investing in efforts to support the Sustainable Development Goals and achieve universal health coverage while modifying policies and strategies to better align and scale up their community health systems. The purpose of the CHS Catalog is to provide the most up-to-date information available on community health systems based on existing policies and related documentation in the 25 countries. Hence, it does not necessarily capture the realities of policy implementation or service delivery on the ground. APC has made efforts to standardize the information across country profiles, however, content between countries may vary due to the availability and quality of the data obtained from policy documents. Countries use a wide variety of terminology to describe health workers at the community level. The CHS Catalog uses the general term “community health provider” and refers to specific titles adopted by each country as appropriate. The CHS Catalog provides information on 136 interventions delivered at the community level for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health; nutrition; selected infectious diseases; and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). This country profile presents a sample of priority interventions (see Table 6 in the Service Delivery section) delivered by community health providers and for which information is available. APC regularly updates these profiles and welcomes input from colleagues. If you have comments or additional information, please send them to [email protected]. COUNTRY PROFILE: SOUTH SUDAN | 4 SOUTH SUDAN COMMUNITY HEALTH OVERVIEW In 2005, following decades of a devastating war that resulted in millions dying and being displaced by famine, disease, and conflict, a peace treaty providing autonomy to southern Sudan was signed. Six years later, in 2011, the region achieved full national independence and became the Republic of South Sudan. Today, however, the country still faces ongoing political unrest, weak infrastructure, and poor delivery of health services. Despite these challenges, South Sudan has taken steps to establish and strengthen its health system. Beginning in 2005, the Southern Sudanese government embarked on a mission to set up and regulate health service delivery with an emphasis on community health and created policies promoting the right to health, equity, poverty reduction, community ownership, and good governance. Official independence in 2011 provided South Sudan with new opportunities to address the health needs of the country’s population. Originally developed in 2009 and updated in 2011, the Basic Package of Health and Nutrition Services (BPHNS) outlines the essential health service package for primary and secondary health care. The document emphasizes community infrastructure, a continuum of care for service delivery, and links health services with other sectors, such as agriculture, education, environmental management, and gender. The Ministry of Health (MOH) also developed an overarching health strategy, the Health Sector Development Plan 2012–2016 (HSDP), for which the objectives are to: 1. Increase use and quality of health services, with emphasis on maternal and child health. 2. Scale up health promotion and protection interventions that encourage communities to take charge of their health. 3. Strengthen institutional functioning including governance and health system effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. The HSDP summarizes many of the health challenges that South Sudan faces, such as underdeveloped infrastructure and a high disease burden, and identifies critical conditions for attaining health objectives, like the need for adequate human resources for health and for improved accessibility of health services. The country’s Policy Framework (2013–2016) is aligned with the HSDP and further defines the key policies and priorities South Sudan needs to reach its health goals. Additional policies provide guidance for specific health areas (e.g., for reproductive health, FP, and HIV), including at the community level. Policy guidance for community health in South Sudan is not always clear or comprehensive. This may be because some policies and strategies were developed at a time when it was an autonomous region (2005-2011), while others were developed after the country achieved full independence (2011 onward). Moreover, the country’s ongoing instability and involvement of multiple stakeholders has created a complex working environment for coordination, delineation of respective roles, and fragmented planning and implementation. Despite these complexities, this profile attempts to describe South Sudan’s community health system per available policy guidance as accurately and comprehensively as possible. South Sudan’s policies mention five main cadres of community health providers. Community health workers (CHWs) and maternal and child health workers (MCHWs) provide services from health facilities, which include primary health care units (PHCUs) and primary health care centers (PHCCs) – though CHWs may also work in communities. CHWs focus on general provision of primary health COUNTRY PROFILE: SOUTH SUDAN | 5 Table 1. Community Health Quick Stats Main community health Basic Package of Health and Health Sector Development Policy Framework policies/strategies Nutrition Services (BPHNS) Plan (2012–2016) (HSDP) (2013–2016) Last updated 2011 2012 2013 Number of community 5 main cadres health provider cadres Maternal and Community Community Home health Traditional child health health workers midwives promoters birth attendants workers (CHWs) (CMWs) (HHPs) (TBAs) (MCHWs) Recommended 1,600–2,152 408–568 Information not 1,218–1,584 Information not number of community CHWs1 CMWs1 available in policy MCHWs1 available in policy2 health providers Estimated number of At least 1,894 At least 1,894 CHWs and Information not CHWs and Information not community health 96 CMWs3 providers MCHWs available in policy MCHWs available in policy combined3 combined3 Recommended ratio of 2 CHWs : 1–2 CMWs : community health 1 community- 1 community- 1 HHP : 20–50 2 MCHWs : Approximately 1 5 providers to beneficiaries level health level health households 1 PHCU TBA : 1 village facility4 facility4 Community-level data Ye s collection Levels of management of National, state, county, community (payam, boma, village) community-level service delivery Key community health Various community health programs aligned under the primary health care service delivery program(s) system 1 Rough calculation based on a) approximately 609–792 PHCUs and 204–284 PHCCs in the country, given varying estimates; and b) an ideal number of approximately 2 CHWs per health facility (PHCU and PHCC), an ideal number of 2 MCHWs per PHCU, and an ideal number of 1 CMW per PHCU or 2 CMWs per PHCC. There is contradictory information in the BPHNS about this. 2 Policy indicates that the MOHS is trying
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