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„Engagement Zwischen Entwicklungshilfe Und Rüstungsexporten – „Engagement zwischen Entwicklungshilfe und Rüstungsexporten – die außenpolitische Strategie Israels in Subsahara-Afrika“ Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln November 2016 vorgelegt von Master of Science Maike Hoffmann aus Höxter Referent: Prof. Dr. Thomas Jäger Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Leidhold Tag der Promotion: 17.01.2017 Verfasser M.Sc. Maike Hoffmann Rathausstr. 21 82024 Taufkirchen Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. i Teil I: Einleitung ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Thema ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. Fragestellung ................................................................................................................. 3 3. Relevanz des Themas und Stand der Forschung........................................................... 4 4. Methodik ........................................................................................................................ 6 5. Aufbau der Arbeit ........................................................................................................... 9 Teil II: Hauptteil ....................................................................................................................12 6. Grundlagen des israelischen Staates ............................................................................12 6.1 Historische Aspekte .................................................................................................12 6.2 Politisches System ..................................................................................................15 6.3 Militärische Doktrin ..................................................................................................20 6.4 Außenpolitische Rahmenbedingungen ....................................................................22 6.5 Besonderheiten des israelischen Staates ................................................................28 6.6 Geheimdienste ........................................................................................................33 6.7 Zwischenfazit ...........................................................................................................34 7. Historische Entwicklung der Beziehungen zwischen Israel und den afrikanischen Staaten .........................................................................................................................................35 7.1 Die „Goldenen Jahre“ der israelisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen: 1948–1967 .........36 7.2 Die Krise in den israelisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen: 1967–1979 ........................48 7.3 Die dritte Phase der israelisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen ab 1979 ........................54 7.4 Zwischenfazit ...........................................................................................................58 8. Empirische Untersuchung des aktuellen israelischen Engagements in Subsahara-Afrika ………………………………………………………………………………………………………59 8.1 Diplomatische Beziehungen ....................................................................................63 8.2 Entwicklungshilfe .....................................................................................................80 8.3 Wirtschaft .............................................................................................................. 105 8.4 Militärische Beziehungen ....................................................................................... 125 8.5 Fazit des Empiriekapitels ....................................................................................... 148 9. Anwendung des Analysemodells ................................................................................ 149 9.1 Das Modell Strategischen Handelns ...................................................................... 149 9.2 Die internationalen Rahmenbedingungen .............................................................. 155 9.3 Innenpolitische Restriktionen ................................................................................. 164 9.4 Anwendung des Modells ....................................................................................... 166 9.5 Realismus und Neorealismus ................................................................................ 175 9.6 Neorealismus als Außenpolitiktheorie .................................................................... 185 9.7 Zwischenfazit ......................................................................................................... 193 Teil III: Schluss ................................................................................................................... 195 10. Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................... 195 11. Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage .......................................................................... 199 12. Ausblick .................................................................................................................... 204 Literaturverzeichnis ............................................................................................................ 206 Anhang ............................................................................................................................... 226 Anhang A: Kurze Historie der israelischen Diplomatie ................................................. 226 Anhang B: Aktivitäten des MASHAV in weiteren Ländern ............................................ 228 Anhang C: Partnergesellschaften des MASHAV.......................................................... 230 Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb. 1: Israels Regierungssystem ........................................................................................16 Abb. 2: Diplomatische Beziehungen zwischen Israel und Subsahara-Afrika .........................63 Abb. 3: Teilnehmer aus Afrika in Kursen vor Ort oder in Israel .............................................84 Abb. 4: Handelsübersicht Israel – Angola ........................................................................... 108 Abb. 5: Handelsübersicht Israel – Elfenbeinküste ............................................................... 110 Abb. 6: Handelsübersicht Israel – Kamerun ........................................................................ 112 Abb. 7: Handelsübersicht Israel – Eritrea............................................................................ 112 Abb. 8: Handelsübersicht Israel – Äthiopien ....................................................................... 114 Abb. 9: Handelsübersicht Israel – Ghana ........................................................................... 115 Abb. 10: Handelsübersicht Israel – Kenia ........................................................................... 117 Abb. 11: Handelsübersicht Israel – Nigeria ......................................................................... 119 Abb. 12: Handelsübersicht Israel – Senegal ....................................................................... 121 Abb. 13: Handelsübersicht Israel – Südafrika ..................................................................... 122 Abb. 14: Handelsübersicht Israel – Südsudan .................................................................... 123 Abb. 15: Lieferungen von Waffensystemen aus Israel nach Subsahara-Afrika, 2006-2010 130 Abb. 16: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Angola ............................................................. 133 Abb. 17: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Kamerun .......................................................... 137 Abb. 18: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Äthiopien ......................................................... 139 Abb. 19: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Ghana .............................................................. 140 Abb. 20: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Kenia ............................................................... 141 Abb. 21: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Nigeria ............................................................. 144 Abb. 22: Rüstungsexporte von Israel nach Südafrika ......................................................... 146 Abb. 23: Modell strategischen Handelns ............................................................................ 150 Abb. 24: Entwicklung außenpolitischer Entscheidungen ..................................................... 160 Abb. 25: Analyseschema Diplomatie .................................................................................. 167 Abb. 26: Analyseschema Entwicklungshilfe ........................................................................ 168 Abb. 27: Analyseschema Handel ........................................................................................ 170 Abb. 28: Analyseschema Militärische Beziehungen ............................................................ 171 Abb. 29: Analyseschema Außenpolitik ............................................................................... 173 i Teil I: Einleitung 1. Thema „I am prouder of Israel’s international cooperation program and the technical aid we gave to the people of Africa than I am of any other single project we have ever undertaken“.1 Selten werden bei der Betrachtung Israels umgehend Assoziationen
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