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Ordo Lepidoptera) and Flower Plants in Mount Muria Kudus, Central Java

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Ordo Lepidoptera) and Flower Plants in Mount Muria Kudus, Central Java Jurnal Biodjati 5(2):122-135, May 2021 e-ISSN : 2541-4208 p-ISSN : 2548-1606 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati DIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLIES (ORDO LEPIDOPTERA) AND FLOWER PLANTS IN MOUNT MURIA KUDUS, CENTRAL JAVA Melisa Oktaviani Sukma1*, Lianah2, Saifullah Hidayat3 Received : October 28, 2020 Abstract. Indonesian is a megadiverse country. Butterflies become Accepted : April 11, 2021 one of the Indonesian diversities. Indonesian has the second-highest butterfly species in the world with more than 2000 species. Flower DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v6i1.10070 plants are used by butterflies as hostplants and foodplant. The aims 1,2,3Program Study of Biology and Bio- of this research were to know butterflies’ diversity and food plants in logy Education, Faculty of Science and Mount Muria at Kudus City, Central Java. The research used the sam- Technology, UIN Walisongo, Jl. Wali- pling transect method with three stations (along 2 km). The research songo No. 3-5, Semarang City 50185 was conducted in March and June 2020. The tools used were insect Central Java Indonesia, 024-7604554 net, thermohygrometer, lux meter, digital camera, roll meter, GPS, jar, and identification book. Data on butterflies diversity were analyzed by e-mail: Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness index (E), Relative Abundance (Pi), *[email protected] [email protected] Simpson Dominance Index (D), Density (KR) Frequency (FR), and [email protected] Important Value Index (IVI). Results of the research showed that at least 40 species of six family butterflies found at Mt. Muria. Butter- *Corresponding author flies at Mt. Muria area has a medium diversity, medium evenness, and low dominance. Leptosia nina has the highest relative abundance, frequency, density and IVI (Important Value Index). Butterflies were found frequently feeding on flowers as hostplants and foodplants. 31 species of flower plants were found at Mt. Muria. The most used plant as hostplants and foodplants by butterfly is Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata from Verbenaceae and Asteraceae. Keywords: butterflies, diversity index, flower plant. Citation Sukma, M. O., Lianah & Hidayat, S. (2021). Diversity of Butterflies (Ordo Lepidoptera) and Flower Plants in Mount Muria Kudus, Central Java. Jurnal Biodjati, 6(1), 122-135. INTRODUCTION (Sari, 2019). Many factors affect butterflies diversity namely canopy, hostplant, altitude, Indonesian territory has many islands temperature, humidity, light intensity, wea- with various contours, from hill to mountain, ther, and season (Sari, 2019). One of the im- from narrow until large with various flora, portant components for butterflies’ life is the fauna, and microbes live (Triyono, 2013). availability of vegetation as a source of food, Butterflies have many functions in the eco- a place for breeding and shelter (Ruslan & system, they provide the stability for the food Andayaningsih, 2016). Butterflies’ prefer- webs, as herbivore, pollinators, prey of pre- ence for plants is a tendency or attraction of dators (Rusman et al., 2016), environment butterflies for plants. Flower plants used by bioindicator, aesthetic, educational, endemic, butterflies as hostplant, foodplant, and activi- conservation, ecological and cultural values ties place (Mas’ud et al., 2019). A positive re- Jurnal Biodjati 5(2):122-135, May 2021 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati lationship has been found between butterfly mahagony) planted in 1942, tusam (Pinus diversity and plants, particularly in tropical merkusii) planted in 1944, sengon (Albizzia regions, where insect show high abundance falcate) planted sporadically, Eucalyptus and species diversity (Majumder, 2013). deglupa, and coffee planted in 1942. More- Earlier, a study on butterfly diversity in over, there are 5 kinds of sendok snake relation to nectar foodplants from Bhor Tahsil, (Java cobra), green phyton, weling snake, Pune District, Maharashtra, India recorded a welang snake, and the other animals, such total of 64 butterfly species which dominated Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi), deer by family of Nymphalidae. A total of 90 nec- (Muntiacus muntjak), long-tailed monkey tar food plants were identified belong to 10 (Macaca fasciculari), langur (Trachypithecus plant families. Plant of the Asteraceae fami- auratus), porcupine (Hystrix javanica), ly are more used by butterflies as nectar food squirrel, wild boar (Sus secrofa), partridge, plants (Nimbalkar et al., 2011). weasel, leopard, and kinds of bird such as Butterflies diversity in Indonesia has hawk, sooty-headed Bulbul, kacer kembang, been recorded including in Mount Sago, West greater green leafbird, cucak kembang, owl, Sumatra, where184 species of butterfly and trucuk, woodpecker, flycather, bar-winged 56 species of nectar plants were recorded Prinia, truntung, plontang, honey bird, wern, (Rusman et al., 2016). A total of 34 species hornbill, cuckoo, heron, woodpecker and of butterflies were reported in Mount Prau, horsfield’s bushlark. Mount Muria also has Central Java (Purwowidodo, 2015). In Mount the potential existence of Javan tiger (Pan- Slamet, 10 species endemic butterflies re- tera tigris sondaica) and Javan Hawk-eagle corded in Java (Widhiono, 2014). More- (Nisaetus bartelsi) (Widjanarko, 2016). over, 17 species butterfly recorded in Mount The field study was conducted by Pus- Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, litbang - Muria Center for Environmental Stu- (Dendang, 2009). Here, we studied diversity dies, Muria Kudus University Research Center of flower plants and butterflies in Mount and Yogyakarta Indonesia Institute of Niche Muria, Central Java. on 4–14 August 2004 in the Muria mountain Mount Muria is located in three dis- area by exploring the Semliro, Puncak Songo- tricts, namely Kudus, Pati, and Jepara districts likur, Tempur, Nduplak, Mount Rowo, (Malik & Kusumarini, 2019). Muria moun- Colo, Air Tiga Raksa and Semliro areas co- tain in the Central Java area is a destination vering Kudus, Pati, and Jepara districts. This for religious tourism. Mt. Muria has an altitu- research has identified 68 species of birds, dinal gradient of 1602 m asl (above sea level), one of which is the Javan hawk (Spizaetus with destination object of Mt. Muria has slope bartelsi) or known as the Garuda bird. This of 700 m asl, the forest cover of the coffee bird is endemic to Java and protected as it plants, and protected forest (Widjanarko & is in a state of danger of extinction (endan- Wismar’ein, 2011). gered). In addition, the team also succeeded in Based on data of Muria Studies and making an inventory of 109 plant species Perum Perhutani, Forest Management Unit belonging to 51 families, including grass, (KPH) Pati on flora and fauna richness orchids and typical Muria trees: mranak, fruit in Muria mountain, revealed that mount types, such as mango, durian, cashew nut, Muria has about 80 kinds of trees, palm, grass, tailings, papaya, rambutan, parijoto and pine- and planted tress such as mahoni (Swietenia apple (Widjanarko, 2016). Sukma et al. 123 Jurnal Biodjati 5(2):122-135, May 2021 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati Based on those data, we know that butterflies’ diversity and flower plants in the Mount Muria has potential for butterfly di- Muria mountain at Kudus Central Java and versity, so we studied butterfly diversity and observe the abiotic factors. Data on the butter- flower plants in Mount Muria, Central Java. fly diversity and flower plants in Mount Muria The aims of this research were to determine are necessary to support conservation effort. Figure 1. Location of Study Area (Source: Google earth, 2019). MATERIALS AND METHODS tion was carried out from 08.00–15.00. The tools used were insect net, ther- Muria mountain is located in the mohygrometer (Beurer), luxmeter (Extech Kudus district Central of Java. The study 401025), digital camera (Canon PowerShot area was divided into 3 Stations. Station 1 SX410 IS and Canon 1000D), GPS (Global in Kembang River between 06°40’06.71” Position System) Garmin Oregon 750, roll N and 110°54’23.08” E. Station 2 in Mon- meter, jar, and identification book. The identi- thel waterfall between 06°39’41.36” N and fication books for butterflies used were “Lepi- 110°54’24.65” E. and, Station 3 in Rejenu be- doptera Semarang Raya” by Karyadi Baskoro tween 06°39’09.51” N and 110°54’07.05” E. (2018), “Butterflies and Moth” by David Car- Vegetation at stations 1, 2, and 3 was ter (1992) and “The Complete Field Guide to shrub-like plants, mostly of Asteraceae and Butterflies of Australian” by Michael F. Braby Poaceae group. Station 1 is the lowest and (2004). While, The identification books for closest place to residential areas. Station 2 has plants used were “Flora of Java” by C. A. medium altitude, and station 3 has the highest Backer, and R C Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr altitude. Data collection was done through 2 (1965), and “Flora Pegunungan Jawa” by C. repetitions within 2 months at March 10–16, G. G. J. Van. Steenis (2006). 2020 and June 19–25, 2020. Butterfly collec- This study focuses on butterflies’ diver- Jurnal Biodjati 6(1):122-135, May 2021 124 Jurnal Biodjati 5(2):122-135, May 2021 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati sity and flower plants in Mt. Muria. Data in fly was caught by the insect net along obser- the research are amount and kinds of butter- vation lines that had been determined. three flies and flower plants that were successfully stations as the sampling area were used with recorded in the station. Supporting data on this a difference of 2 km between stations. Each study were abiotic factors such as temperature, station is divided into three (30 × 10 m) sized humidity, luminous intensity, and altitude. substations (Figure 2). Flower plants visited The data collection used in this study by species of butterfly observed and identified was the sampling transect method. The butter- on three stations area. Figure 2. Station (Plot) Design of Research Data analysis using descriptive method. Note: Qualitative and quantitative morphological E = Index of evenness characterization was used for the descrip- H' = Index of diversity tion analysis (Lianah, et al., 2020).
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