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American Mineralogist, Volume 74, pages 500-505, 1989 NEW MINERAL NAMESX JonN L. J.runon CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0G1, Canada J,tcnx Puztnwtcz Institut fiir Mineralogie, Universitet Hannover, D-3000, Hannover 1, Federal Republic ofGermany S (S) 6.1I, polysulfideS (S")7.25, thiosulfateS (S) 6.20, Abhurite* HrO (hydroxyl) 9.46, H,O (molecular)31.20, O 12.20, J.T. Matzko, H.T. Evans,Jr., M.E. Mrose,P. Aruscavage total I00.00 wto/0,corresponding to Ca(Stu,Si'r)ro*Ca- (1985) Abhurite, a new tin hydroxychloride mineral, (S1rrO, oo)' Ca6 oo(OH),2 20' 20. I 4HrO. The mineral forms and a comparative study with a synthetic basic tin chlo- aggregatesup to I cm in diameter, orangeto yellow, light ride. Can. Mineral., 23,233-240. yellow streak,vitreous luster; intergrowths ofparallel plates Chemical analysisgave Sn 73.4, Cl 15.7, O 11.0, H have a pearly luster. Crystalsare bladesup to 5 mm long, 0.4, sum 100.5 wto/o;the ideal formula SnrO(OH)rCl re- flattenedon {010), elongate[001], with {ll0} edgesand quiresSn 74.6,Cl 14.9,O 10.1,H 0.4 wto/o.The mineral rerminaredby {01l}, {l0l}, and {l I l}. Thin crystalsare occurs as cryptocrystalline crusts and as platy hexagonal transparent,and coarsergrains are transparent to trans- crystals that average 1.5 mm in diameter. Colorless, lucent. Fracture uneven,very good {010} cleavage,brittle transparent with opalescentluster, white streak, hackly but elasticin thin leaves,H: 2, r-.." : 1.83(l), D"",": fracture, H: 2, dissolvesslowly in HCI and HNO3, D*"". 1.845g/cm3 withZ: 1. No luminescencein ultraviolet : 4.29 (pycnometer),D"r": 4.35 g/cm3 with Z : 21. Iight (360 nm). Decomposesin water, giving S and a white Crystalsare platy to tabular on hexagonal(0001), twinned porous residuum; decomposesin HCI to give S and HrS. on (0001), and have rhombohedral forms {0115} and Slowly hydrolyzes in air, gradually becoming colorless {0001}. Optically uniaxial positive,o: : 2.06,e : -2.11. with a weak bluish tint, preservingthe transparency.Hy- Single-crystalX-ray study indicated rhombohedral sym- drolyzed pseudomorphstypically have porous aggregates metry, spacegroup R3m, R3m, or R32 the refined Gui- of S on their surfaces.The DTA curve shows a strong nier-Hiigg powder pattern (CuKa,) gave hexagonal pa- endothermaleffect at 140"C (lossof molecularwatet,37.7 'C rametersa : 10.0175(3),c:44.014(2) A, and strongest wto/o),a distinct exothermal one at 365 (loss of sulfidic lines of 4.1 39(50X1 l 6), 3.404(50X208),3.27 r(35)(2rr), and polysulfidic sulfur, 13.4 wIo/o),and an endothermal 3.244(3s)(r22), 3.r42(3s)(2r4), 2.9074(35)(217), one at 495 "C (loss of hydroxyl water, 16.2 wt0/0).Addi- 2.8915(70X300),2.8175(50X128), 2.5313(100)(l 1.15), tional weight loss at higher temperatures is 4.80/0.The and 1.8928(3sX4l0). infrared spectrum shows absorption bands at 810 (HrO), Abhurite occurs as blisterlike protuberancesthat formed ll00 (SO and S,O,), 1630 (H,O), and 3300 (OH) cm-'. as a corrosion product of tin ingots recovered from the Opticallybiaxial positive, a: 1.595(2),B : 1.619(2),7 cargoofa sunkenship, wreckedpossibly 100 yr ago,lying : 1.697(3)(white light), a: Y, b : X, c A Z : 30",2V.,," in a Red Seacove known as Sharm Abhur, about 30 km : 60'20'. Strong pleochroism: X deep green-yellow, Y north of Jiddah, Saudi Arabia. Associated minerals are greenish-yellow,Z palegreenish-yellow, X > Z > Y. Sin- romarchite, kutnohorite, and aragonite. Specimens of gle-crystal X-ray study shows the mineral to be mono- abhurite are in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, clinic,space group P2,/c, a: 8.45(l),b: 17.47(l),c: D.C., and in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, On- 8.24(l), B : I19.5". Strongestlines of the powder pattern tario. J.L.J. (57.3-mmcamera) are 8.76(100X020),4.39 (100X040), 2.91 (60X060), 2.8 l(50X240), 2.62(s0)(r22),2.28(50)(260), and 1.996(70)(162).The X-ray pattern of the mineral is Bazhenovitex similar to that of its synthetic orthorhombic analogue. B.V. Chesnokov,V.O. Polyakov,A.F. Bushmakin(1987) The crystal structure of the mineral is layered, with Bazhenovite CaSr.CaSrO.. 6Ca(OH)r. 20HrO-A new Ca(OH)r, polysulfide, and water-bearinglayers parallel to mineral. Z,apiskiVses. Mineralog. Obshch., 116,737- {010}. 743 (it Russian). Bazhenovite is associatedwith native iron, native sul- periclase Wet-chemical analysis combined with rc results (water) fur, oldhamite, troilite, pyrrhotite, fluorite, and prod- and corrected for impurities (Fe) gave Ca 27.58, sulfide in altered pyritized siderite fragmentsin the melted ucts of old, burning coal dumps of the Chelyabinsk coal basin, south Ural Mountains, USSR. The name is for A. Bazhenov (petrographer)and L. F. Bazhenova (ana- * Prior to publication, minerals marked with an asteriskwere G. approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral lytical chemist). Type material is in the Fersman Min- Names, International Mineralogical Association. eralogicalMuseum, Moscow. J.P. 0003-o04x/89/0304-0500$02.00 s00 JAMBOR AND PUZIEWICZ: NEW MINERAL NAMES 501 Cesplumtantite* north of Mingary and on the Adelaide-Broken Hill rail- A.V. Voloshin, Ya. A. Pakhomovskii, A. Yu. Bakhchis- way about 470 km from Adelaide. The holotype specimen araitsev,N.N. Devnina (1986)Cesplumtantite-A new (M32479) is in the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Aus- cesium-leadtantalate from granitic pegmatites.Miner- tralia. J.L.J. alog.Zhurnal 8(5), 92-98 (in Russian). Microprobeanalysis (3 given)gave TarO, 63.85,NbrO, Ecandrewsite* 3.24,CsrO5.37, Na,O 0.71, CaO 0.83, PbO 20.24,5b,O3 2.88, SnO, (calculated)1.60, sum 100.21 wt0/0,corre- W.D. Birch,E.A.J. Burke, V.J. Wall, M.A. Etheridge(1988) Ecandrewsite,the zinc analogueof ilmenite, from Little sponding to (CsonrNao ruCao.u)r, ss(Pbr rrsbflj8 Snfijr),rrr- Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, and the San (Ta, orNbou$nt;u)r, nrOro,ideally (Cs,Na)r(pb,Sb3*)3Ta8O24 Valentin Mine, Sierra de Cartegena,Spain. Mineral. with Cs > N4 Pb > Sb. X-ray powder study shows the Mag., 52,237-240. mineralto be tetragonal,a: 13.552(8),c : 6.445(l A, Z : 2. The strongest X-ray lines (35 given) are Four electron-microprobeanalyses of the mineral from 6.l l (50)(21 0), 3.I 9(50X330),3.054( I 00)(t| 2), 2.037(s0, the type locality, the Melbourne Rockwell mine at Little diffuse)(621),1.869(70X323), 1.593(70X821), and Broken Hill (13 km southeastof the main Broken Hill I . 18 I (50X654).The mineral is colorless,transparent, white deposit, New South Wales),gave TiO, 50.12-52.45,FeO streak, adamantine luster. No cleavageobserved. Micro- 8.8- I 3.6 5, MnO 4.4-7.64, ZnO 28.5-3 5.05, toral 98. 8 5- hardness1240 kg/mm, (40 g load). D."b : 6.87(5)g/cm'. 100.0wto/0, correspondingto (Zno ss. 6sFeo,n- ,oMno,o_o ,r)- Light gray in reflectedlight, weak bireflectance,no pleoch- Ti.ee-r0303,ideally ZnTiOr,theZn analogueof ilmenite. roism or internal reflection. Strongly anisotropic, with At the type locality the mineral occursas euhedraltabular complex polysynthetic twinning. Reflectancevalues (nm, grains,up to 50 by 150pm. Physicaland optical properties o/o) in air (Si standard)are 47 6, 18.2,17 .l ; 55 3, I 7.3, I 6.5; are similar to those of ilmenite: dark brown to black color 589,17.1, 16.5;656,15.6, 15.3. and streak, submetallic luster, VH,oo: 500-600 kg/mrn2, Cesplumtantite was found in a museum specimen of no cleavageor twinning, D.,,: 4.99 g/cm3with Z: 6. thoreaulite in granitic pegmatitefrom Manono, Zaire. The In reflectedlight, grayish-whitewith a pinkish tinge, weak new mineral occurs as veinlets ofelongate aggregatesup reflection pleochroism in air, strongly anisotropic from to 0.3 mm long and is associatedwith lithiotantite, cas- greenish-grayto dark brownish-gray. Reflectancevalues siterite, calciotantite, and microlite. The name alludes to in air (SiC standard) for R. and R. are 470, 19.2-19.9, the chemical composition. The type specimen is at the 17.2-17.7;546, 19.0-19.7,17.2-17.6; 589, 18.9-19.6, Museum of the Leningrad Mining Institute, Leningrad, 17.0-17 .6;650, 18.7-19.2,16.8-17 .5. X-ray crystal-struc- USSR.J.P. ture study indicated rhombohedral symmetry, spacegroup Cobaltaustinite* R3, hexagonalcell dimensions 4 : 5.090(l), c : 14.036(2) A. Strongest lines of the powder pattern arc 2.73- E.H. Nickel, W.D. Birch (1988)Cobaltaustinite-A new (r00x1014),2.53(90)(l r20), 2.23(60x1 123), 1.87(40)- arsenatemineral from Dome Rock, South Australia. (0224), Austral. Mineral., 3, 53-57. and 1.71(70)(1126),inclose agreemenr wirh data for syntheticZnTiO, (PDF 26-1500). Electron-microprobe analysis gave CaO 22.4, CoO At the type locality the mineral is disseminated in quartz- 25.8,CuO 2.5, AsrO,46.l, PrO,0.3, SO3 0.3, HrO (CHN rich metasedimentaryrocks of amphibolite-granulite fa- analysis) 3.6, sum l0l.I wt0/0,corresponding to cies and coexists with almandine-spessartine,ferroan Ca,o,CoorrCuoorAs, o,Poo,Soo,O._06(OH), 0,, simplified as gahnite, and rutile. Associatedamphibolites contain zin- Ca(Co,CuXAs,P,S)Oo(OH)and ideally CaCoAsOo(OH). cian ilmenite.
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  • Periclase Mgo C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1

    Periclase Mgo C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1

    Periclase MgO c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 32/m. As small octahedra, less commonly cubo-octahedra or dodecahedra, may be clustered; granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {001}, perfect; on {111}, good; may exhibit parting on {011}. Hardness = 5.5 D(meas.) = 3.56–3.68 D(calc.) = 3.58 Slightly soluble in H2O when powdered, to give an alkaline reaction. Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless, grayish white, yellow, brownish yellow; may be green or black with inclusions; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Isotropic. n = 1.735–1.745 Cell Data: Space Group: Fm3m. a = 4.203–4.212 Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 2.106 (100), 1.489 (52), 0.9419 (17), 0.8600 (15), 1.216 (12), 2.431 (10), 1.0533 (5) Chemistry: (1) FeO 5.97 MgO 93.86 Total 99.83 (1) Monte Somma, Italy. Mineral Group: Periclase group. Occurrence: A product of the high-temperature metamorphism of magnesian limestones and dolostone. Association: Forsterite, magnesite (Monte Somma, Italy); brucite, hydromagnesite, ellestadite (Crestmore quarry, California, USA); fluorellestadite, lime, periclase, magnesioferrite, hematite, srebrodolskite, anhydrite (Kopeysk, Russia). Distribution: On Monte Somma, Campania, Italy. At Predazzo, Tirol, Austria. From Carlingford, Co. Louth, Ireland. At Broadford, Isle of Skye, and Camas M`or,Isle of Muck, Scotland. From Le´on,Spain. At the Bellerberg volcano, two km north of Mayen, Eifel district, Germany. From Nordmark and L˚angban, V¨armland,Sweden. In mines around Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk coal basin, Southern Ural Mountains, Russia. In the USA, at the Crestmore quarry, Riverside Co., California; from Tombstone, Cochise Co., Arizona; in the Gabbs mine, Gabbs district, Nye Co., Nevada.
  • A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats

    A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats

    A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951).
  • Romarchite, Hydroromarchite and Abhurite Formed During the Corrosion of Pewter Artifacts from the Queen Anne’S Revenge (1718)

    Romarchite, Hydroromarchite and Abhurite Formed During the Corrosion of Pewter Artifacts from the Queen Anne’S Revenge (1718)

    659 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 659-669 (2003) ROMARCHITE, HYDROROMARCHITE AND ABHURITE FORMED DURING THE CORROSION OF PEWTER ARTIFACTS FROM THE QUEEN ANNE’S REVENGE (1718) STACIE E. DUNKLE, JAMES R. CRAIG§ AND J. DONALD RIMSTIDT Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0420, U.S.A. ¶ WAYNE R. LUSARDI Underwater Archaeology Branch, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Pewter, a tin-rich alloy, has been widely used for ornamental and utilitarian purposes for the last 400 years because it is durable, relatively easily worked, resistant to corrosion, and similar to silver in appearance. Pewter plates and implements have been recovered and examined from what is believed to be the wreck site of the Queen Anne’s Revenge, flagship of the pirate Blackbeard, that sank near Beaufort, North Carolina in 1718. All of the pewter artifacts from the site display a surface veneer of corrosion products and may be viewed as experiments on tin corrosion that have been continuously in operation for more than 280 years. Mineralogical examination of the pewter samples has revealed that the corrosion products are composed of romarchite (SnO), hydroromarchite [Sn3O2(OH)2], and abhurite [Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6]. The corrosion generally develops in crudely concentric layers, with an inner layer of abhurite in contact with the pewter; the overlying outer layers consist of romarchite and hydroromarchite. Romarchite, hydroromarchite, and abhurite occur as irregular grains and laths up to 100 micrometers in length. Abhurite also occurs as masses of equant grains with abundant small inclusions of residual pewter.
  • Light Rare Earth Element Redistribution During Hydrothermal Alteration at the Okorusu Carbonatite Complex, Namibia

    Light Rare Earth Element Redistribution During Hydrothermal Alteration at the Okorusu Carbonatite Complex, Namibia

    Mineralogical Magazine (2020), 84,49–64 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.54 Article Light rare earth element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration at the Okorusu carbonatite complex, Namibia Delia Cangelosi1* , Sam Broom-Fendley2, David Banks1, Daniel Morgan1 and Bruce Yardley1 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; and 2Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK Abstract The Cretaceous Okorusu carbonatite, Namibia, includes diopside-bearing and pegmatitic calcite carbonatites, both exhibiting hydrother- mally altered mineral assemblages. In unaltered carbonatite, Sr, Ba and rare earth elements (REE) are hosted principally by calcite and fluorapatite. However, in hydrothermally altered carbonatites, small (<50 µm) parisite-(Ce) grains are the dominant REE host, while Ba and Sr are hosted in baryte, celestine, strontianite and witherite. Hydrothermal calcite has a much lower trace-element content than the original, magmatic calcite. Regardless of the low REE contents of the hydrothermal calcite, the REE patterns are similar to those of par- isite-(Ce), magmatic minerals and mafic rocks associated with the carbonatites. These similarities suggest that hydrothermal alteration remobilised REE from magmatic minerals, predominantly calcite, without significant fractionation or addition from an external source. Barium and Sr released during alteration were mainly reprecipitated as sulfates. The breakdown of magmatic pyrite into iron hydroxide is inferred to be the main source of sulfate. The behaviour of sulfur suggests that the hydrothermal fluid was somewhat oxidising and it may have been part of a geothermal circulation system. Late hydrothermal massive fluorite replaced the calcite carbonatites at Okorusu and resulted in extensive chemical change, suggesting continued magmatic contributions to the fluid system.