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A Balanced Marine Aquarium [And] the Biology of Marine Aquarium

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A Balanced Marine Aquarium [And] the Biology of Marine Aquarium DOCUMENT RESUME ED 247 108 SE 044 704 AUTHOR Palko, Barbara Jayne; And Others TITLE A Balanced M rine Aquarium°[and] The Biology of Marine Aquarium Fishes Collected in Monroe County, Florida. A Two-Paper NOAA Technical Memorandum. INSTITUTION National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC), Rockville, Md. National Marine Fisheries Service. REPORT NO NMFS-SEFC-59 PUB DATE Jan 81 NOTE '90p. AVAILABLE FROMSoutheast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami Laboratory, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149. PUB TYPE Reference Materials General (130) Reports Research/Technical (143) ii EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Animal Behavior; *Animals; *Ichthyology; *Marine Biology; Resource Materials; Wildlife; Zoology .IDENTIFIERS *Aquariums; *Fishes; Florida (Monroe County) ABSTRACT This document consists of two separate papers. The first paper, "A Balanced Marine Aquarium" (Barbara Jayne Palko), discusses various aspects of a balanced marine aquarium. Information provided includes the basic and optional equipment needed to construct a balanced aquarium, preparations for setting up the aquarium, preparing the aquarium for fish, selecting the fish, and comments on general maintenanc , feeding, and medicati.ons. The second paper, "The Biology of Marine quarium Fishes Collected in Monroe County, Florida" (Deb Hess an John Stevely), provides descriptions of 30 commercially valuable species in these families: (1) chaetodontidae (angelfishes and butterflyfishes); (2) pomacentridae (damselfishes);(3,) apogonidae (cardinalfishes); (4) opis,tognathidae (jawfishes); (5) spiaenidae (drums and croakers); (6) blenniidae (blennies);(7) labridae (wrasses); ande(8) the gobiidae (gobies). In addition, information on the biogeography of the species, local habitat in the Florida keys, food habits, predation, reproduction, and behavior is provided for the fishes in each of the eight familiep. Also.provided is a discussi01 of the diversity of tropical coral reef fish communities, a biblioigraphy of literature cited and additional references, definitions of general terminology, maps ,showing areas referred to in the Caribbean and Florida Keys, and illustrations of invertebrates and plants commonly mentioned in the text. '(JN) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ****************************.******************************************* U.S. DEPARTMENT QF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATI011 CENTER (ERIC) 10<t:isdocument has been reproduced z Jett-eyed born the person or organizabo e originating e. Minor changes have been Ironic to irnpro, reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this doct ment do not necess'aray represent official NI position or policy A two- r NO Technkal Mitytioe r,clurn .NN1FS-SEFC- 59 January 1981 U.S. National dc National The NOAH Technical Memorandum NMFS series is used for informal scientific and tech- nical publications, specialized reports that require multiple copies when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible.Requests for copies of this Technical Memorandum .should be sent to the Southeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami Laboratory, 75. Virginia 'Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149., The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned inthis publication. No reference shall 6e made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. A Balanced Marine Aquarium(page 1) Barbara Jayne Palko Southeast Fisheries Center NMFS Miami Laboratory The Biology of Marine Aquarium Fishes Collected in Monroe County, Florida(page 26) Deb Hess And John Steve ly Monroe County Marine Advisory Program Florida Cooperative Extension Service A two-paper NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFC-59 January 1981 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service A BALANCED MARINE AQUARIUM y Barbara Jayne Palko Fishery Biologist Southeast Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service Miami Laboratory,' 75 Virginia Beach Drive Miami, Florida 33149 305-361-4251 Artwork by Craig Phillips Director, National Aquarium U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington, D.C. ABALANCED MARINS AQUARIUM A balanced arine aquarium reproduces thenatural environment as closely at_ possible. Before, the introduction of the balanced aquarium, marine fishes were. usually kept in systems separate from marine , fnvertebrates. The balanced marine aquarium however, permits the successful mixing of fish and invertebrates.wirhin the closed "system and has becomeinc e singlAPpopular in the past .few years. It ismore appealing and behavior ofthe fishes and invertebrates within the system is --mere na aural. A marine aquarium that is set up and maintained for periods of six months or longer ithout medication, chemical additions, or other treat- - ments is the mark of a successful marine aquarist. All you add are food ,e4 and water. The b ttom medium may contain crushed ,coral, beach shell, or calcified algae ( t silica sand or colored gravel). The habitat of the aquarium it 41-64cle of rock with living. organisms on it,: cured coral, plants, ands anemon s (not plastic figures or ceramics). You should not suffer severe,loss sfrom disease, and fishes, should only need to be removed when they become too large for the system. Everything within- the system is compa ible in its m habitat within your home. Doe this sound impossible? W it isn't. 'In setting upa balanced marine aquarium, an important factor 'is. PATIENCE. A wellba anced sltwater aquarium cannot be etablished in one ) I day, but with patienc , you, gill be rewarded by an 4quarium that is both 'beautiful 'and .trouble free. No single set of, rules will guarantee the successful setup-and o eration of a saltwater aquarium,: for there is more than one way to achieve a well-balanced marine aquarium. Books and pamph- lets are only aids. This pamphlet will show you one way. Success depends on you and the amount of time you are willing to give to your aquarium. If you .do not .want to be totally involved,, then set up a large tank with ha'rdy fish that can survive without a great deal of care. However, if you are willing to accent the cWallenge of some of the more delicate and rarer A tt-opicals, then you must, be willing to give more of yourself. .Equipment Basic and Optional A saltwatet aquarium should be all glass or plastic, no smaller than 20 gallons forthe beginner.. Remember, larger aquariums are generally easier to take care 'of, but harder to set up initially..You .must have a sturdy stand or base that will support the aquariuni-, water, and habitat weight. For a 30 gallona4uarium, the weight will be a minimum of "'Pounds- You should also cut ,a 1/2" thick piece of styrofoam the same size as4youraquarium base to be used as a,cushion. Additional basic equipment ',requiredare anairpump,check valve,gangvalve, air line tubing, saltwater undergravel filter, glass cover, and fluorescent light. Opt 1 equipment includes an outside power filter with dacron floss and acts ate(' .carbon or anion-exchangeresin, heater,an undergravel power pump, ant /or an ultraviolet purifier(preferably with tire bulbs above the 'water for easier maintenance and better efficiency). Combination glass, metal, and slateaquAtums arestill safe for freshwater fish but should not be used for a marine aquarium, as seawater reacts with the metal and slate causing rust and toxins,that can kill marine fish and invertebrates. The check valve used to prevent back- syphoning in the event of a power failure. The undergravel filter is used to support the bottom media above a water column to assuregood water circulation thus enabling nitrifying bacteria to carry out their biological role of breaking down waste and organic matter. Purchase an undergravel filter designed for saltwater. The stems are larger and the platform base higher than freshwater filters. The undergravel power filter is a fairly new product and some data ck indicate it improves the efficiency of the undergravel filter and sets up a current in the aquarium. The outside power filter removes larger parti- culate matter in suspension in the water. It is also used to pump the water through the ultraviolet filter. This filter helps to break down organics,as well asservingitstwo primary functions: control of disease caused by microorganisms and maintenance of good waterquality. I believe the potential of the ultraviolet purifier has not yet beenfully realized. I feel my system lets me do more with a saltwater aquarium than just regular filtration. Itlets me put in more fish in one tank than published formulas recommend. You cannot "overdose" a tank with ultra- violet. All research data have shown that it does not change the water chemistry. PREPARATIONS FOR SETTING UP AN AQUARIUM. Parental supervisfonshould be considered with tyoungerhobbyists because the combination of salt water and electricitycan lead to some shocking experiences! 4 One of the first steps
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