Ideal Conditions for Urine Sample Handling, and Potential in Vitro Artifacts Associated with Urine Storage
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Ketones, Urine
Lab Dept: Urine/Stool Test Name: KETONES, URINE General Information Lab Order Codes: UKE Synonyms: Urine Ketones; Nitroprusside Reaction for Ketones CPT Codes: 81003 – Urinalysis, by dipstick; automated, without microscopy Test Includes: Screen for urine ketones. Logistics Test Indications: Useful for evaluation of ketonuria, detection of acidosis, ketoacidosis, fasting, starvation, high protein diets, diabetes mellitus, and stress- hormone excess. Lab Testing Sections: Urinalysis Phone Numbers: MIN Lab: 612-813-6280 STP Lab: 651-220-6550 Test Availability: Daily, 24 hours Turnaround Time: 1 hour Special Instructions: Submit only one (1) of the following: Catheterized specimen or clean- catch specimen. Note: Indicate type of specimen (catheterized) on request form. Date and time of collection are required on request form for processing. Transport specimen to laboratory immediately following collection Specimen Specimen Type: Urine Container: Urine cup Draw Volume: Entire specimen collection (catheter or clean catch) Processed Volume: Minimum: 0.5 mL urine Collection: A specimen collected by catheterization is optimal; however, a clean- catch or mid-stream specimen is also acceptable. Random, voided specimens will be accepted, but are the least desirable and are not recommended if a urine culture is also being requested. Special Processing: N/A Patient Preparation: None Sample Rejection: Less than 0.5 mL urine submitted; mislabeled or unlabeled specimen Interpretive Reference Range: Negative Critical Values: N/A Limitations: Specimens containing -
Small Wonder Acetone Vaporizer
Acetone Vaporizers and Clearing Supplies: 84-85 Microscope Slides & Cover Glass: 86-87 Sample Collection and Storage Bags: 88 Respirator Fit Test Kits: 89-91 Small Wonder Acetone Vaporizer The Wonder Makers Small Wonder Acetone Vaporizer was developed as an economical and quick way to clear asbestos PCM slides. Specifically designed to meet NIOSH 7400, 7402, or ORM requirements for preparation of PCM samples. Features: ■ Heat control and thermometer built into vaporizer unit ■ Padded carrying case protects equipment and supplies ■ Detailed instruction manual ■ Enough supplies for the analysis of 1/2 gross of slides ■ Lightweight but solidly built ■ Designed in strict compliance with the NIOSH 7400, 7402, or ORM requirements for preparation of microscope slides for PCM analysis Specifications 4-7/8” L x 4-1/2” W x 2-3/4” H (Small Wonder vaporizer) DIMENSIONS 13” L x 11” W x 4” H (Complete Analysis Kit) Plastic case, ABS plastic cover on vaporizer, clear MATERIALS plastic bottles, metal and plastic tools. 2-1/2 lbs. (Small Wonder vaporizer) WEIGHT 8 lbs. (Complete Analysis Kit) Black vaporizer cover with FINISH gray cord. Case color may vary. Complete Kit Shown Includes everything needed to clear slides for PCM analysis PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Small Wonder Analysis Kit WM-42 Includes acetone vaporizer, 1 box microscope slides, 1/2oz Triacetin, 2oz Acetone, 1 microdropper, 1 syringe, 1 scalpel, tweezers, padded carrying case and instruction manual. WM-44 Acetone reagent, 2oz, 99% pure WM-45 Triacetin reagent, 1/2oz, 99% pure WM-47 1cc Syringe WM-48 Rounded Edge Scalpel WM-49 Microdropper 81 The Professionals Choice for Air Sampling Equipment Perm-O-Fix Acetone Vaporizer A simple, easy to use, actone vaporizer for use in preparing asbestos PCM samples as per NIOSH 7400. -
Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data
INDEX 4K score, 612 determining respiratory versus rheumatoid arthritis, 505 4Ts score, 399 metabolic, 307 systemic lupus erythematosus, 509 5-alpha reductase enzyme, 593–594 metabolic acidosis, 308–309, 309, 310. Acute phase response, 500 See also Metabolic acidosis 5' nucleotidase, 334, 335, 636 Acute type B hepatitis (minicase), 349 metabolic alkalosis, 309, 310. See also 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 138 ADAM Questionnaire, 596 Metabolic alkalosis 13C- and 14C-labeled urea, 353 Addison disease, 219 respiratory acidosis, 310, 311 15/15 rule, 208 Adenocarcinoma of lung respiratory alkalosis, 311, 311 17-OHP, 578 anaplastic lymphoma kinase, 526 Acid-base homeostasis, 270–271 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 526 EGFR and, 525 Acid-base homeostasis, regulation of, 99m Tc-sestamibi imaging, 165 306–307, 307 Adenosine, 164 201 TI perfusion imaging, 165 Acid-base physiology, 306 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 394, Acidemia, 303 394 A Acid-fast bacilli and stains, 470 Adenoviridae, 456 A1c. See Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) Acidosis. See also Metabolic acidosis ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), 136 Abacavir, 468–469 defined, 303 Adnexal tumors, hirsutism secondary to Absolute neutropenia, 387 lactic, 308, 309 (minicase), 577 Absorbance optical system, 28 respiratory, 310, 311 Adolescents Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and Activated clotting time (ACT), 408 excretion (ADME), 136 categories of substances abused by, 70 Activated partial thromboplastin time prerequisite drug testing of, 82–83 Accu Check Compact Plus, 200 (aPTT), -
Bilirubin (Urine) Interpretive Summary
Bilirubin (Urine) Interpretive Summary Description: Bilirubinuria is an indicator of conjugated bilirubin in the urine. Excessive bilirubinuria in a dog or any bilirubinuria in a cat is an indication to evaluate serum bilirubin concentrations. Decreased Bilirubin Common Causes Normal Artifact o Exposure to UV light or room air o Delayed analysis o Centrifugation of urine prior to analysis o Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Increased Bilirubin Common Causes Normal dogs (especially males with concentrated urine) Liver disease, bile duct obstruction RBC destruction (hemolysis) o Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia o Zinc or onion toxicity o RBC parasites Uncommon Causes Hemoglobinuria Fever Prolonged anorexia False positive reactions due to medications o Phenothiazines (e.g., chlorpromazine) o Etodolac Related Findings Liver disease, biliary obstruction o Increased serum bilirubin, ALT, ALP, GGT, AST o Increased serum bile acids o Decreased albumin, cholesterol, BUN and glucose in severe cases o Abnormalities in liver and/or biliary tract on abdominal ultrasound RBC destruction o Decreased hematocrit, RBC, hemoglobin o Increased reticulocytes, increased MCV and decreased MCHC, polychromasia o Increased serum bilirubin o Spherocytosis (in dogs), autoagglutination o Hemoglobinuria o Positive Coombs or saline agglutination test may or may not be present with IMHA Generated by VetConnect® PLUS: Bilirubin (Urine) Page 1 of 2 Additional Information Physiology Conjugated bilirubin passes freely through the glomerular filtration barrier and is excreted in urine. Unconjugated bilirubin is bound to albumin and does not normally pass through the glomerular filtration barrier. Therefore, it is not detectable in urine (unless albuminuria or glomerular disease is present). Bilirubinuria usually precedes hyperbilirubinemia and icterus Dogs: Clinically normal dogs (especially males) may have detectable bilirubinuria in concentrated urine due to a low renal threshold for bilirubin. -
Using Microscopes
Using Microscopes Grade Level: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Duration: 30-45 minutes Classification: Classroom Subject(s): Biology, Microbiology Categories (STEM): Science, Technology Keywords: Staining, Microscopes, Microbes Introduction ● Summary: Students will learn how to properly use microscopes and view different cells and organisms. ● Description: Microscopes are often used to view different types of organisms, cells, and organelles. Microscopes can be used to visualize changes in cell structure and identify unknown organisms. Students will learn all the parts of microscopes and how to use and adjust them. Another important step of using microscopes is to learn how to properly prepare slides and wet mounts. Different organisms, cells, and organelles will be viewed under a microscope. In case of school policy limitations, note that student role models are required to cut vegetables at schools before the visit starts. *Note - School is responsible for providing microscopes for this activity. Online Resources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUo2fHZaZCU\ Vocabulary Organisms: an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form Cell: smallest structural unit of an organism Organelle: organized structures (compartments) within a living cell Nucleus: dense organelle (generally in the middle of a cell) that contains genetic information Wet Mount: microscope slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid Materials Materials Quantity Reusable? Nail Polish 1 red per classroom Yes Microscopes (provided by school) TBD by school Yes Dirty -
Proteinuria and Bilirubinuria As Potential Risk Indicators of Acute Kidney Injury During Running in Outpatient Settings
medicina Article Proteinuria and Bilirubinuria as Potential Risk Indicators of Acute Kidney Injury during Running in Outpatient Settings Daniel Rojas-Valverde 1,2,* , Guillermo Olcina 2,* , Braulio Sánchez-Ureña 3 , José Pino-Ortega 4 , Ismael Martínez-Guardado 2 and Rafael Timón 2,* 1 Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica 2 Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; [email protected] 3 Programa Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; [email protected] 4 Departmento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, 30720 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.R.-V.); [email protected] (G.O.); [email protected] (R.T.); Tel.: +506-8825-0219 (D.R.-V.) Received: 2 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore which urinary markers could indicate acute kidney injury (AKI) during prolonged trail running in outpatient settings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine experienced trail runners (age 39.1 8.8 years, weight 71.9 11 kg, ± ± height 171.9 8.3 cm) completed a 35 km event (cumulative positive ascend of 1815 m, altitude = 906 to ± 1178 m.a.s.l.) under a temperature of 25.52 1.98 C and humidity of 79.25 7.45%). -
Different Response of Body Weight Change According to Ketonuria After Fasting in the Healthy Obese
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.3.250 • J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27: 250-254 Different Response of Body Weight Change According to Ketonuria after Fasting in the Healthy Obese Hyeon-Jeong Kim1, Nam-Seok Joo1, The relationship between obesity and ketonuria is not well-established. We conducted a Kwang-Min Kim1, Duck-Joo Lee1, retrospective observational study to evaluate whether their body weight reduction response and Sang-Man Kim2 differed by the presence of ketonuria after fasting in the healthy obese. We used the data of 42 subjects, who had medical records of initial urinalysis at routine health check-up and 1Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon; follow-up urinalysis in the out-patient clinic, one week later. All subjects in the initial 2Department of Family Medicine, CHA Biomedical urinalysis showed no ketonuria. However, according to the follow-up urinalysis after three Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, subsequent meals fasts, the patients were divided into a non-ketonuria group and Korea ketonuria group. We compared the data of conventional low-calorie diet programs for ± Received: 20 August 2011 3 months for both groups. Significantly greater reduction of body weight (-8.6 3.6 kg vs 2 2 Accepted: 17 January 2012 -1.1 ± 2.2 kg, P < 0.001), body mass index (-3.16 ± 1.25 kg/m vs -0.43 ± 0.86 kg/m , P < 0.001) and waist circumference (-6.92 ± 1.22 vs -2.32 ± 1.01, P < 0.001) was Address for Correspondence: observed in the ketonuria group compared to the non-ketonuria group. -
Microscope Slide-Making Kit
Microscope Slide-Making Kit 665 Carbon Street, Billings, MT 59102 Phone: 800.860.6272 Fax: 888.860.2344 www.homesciencetools.com Copyright 2005 by Home Training Tools, Ltd. All rights reserved. Viewing Slides Scan a slide at low power (usually 40X) to get an overview of the specimen. Center the part of the specimen you want to view at higher power. Adjust your lighting until the slide specimen has clear, sharp contrast. Then switch to medium power (usually 100X) and refocus to observe tissue and cell variations. Repeat at high power (usually 400X). Making Your Own Slides Whole Mounts: Whole mounts are made by placing small objects or specimens whole on a blank slide and then covering them with a coverslip. If your specimen is thick, a concavity slide will work better. You can make whole mounts of many things. Here are some ideas: Colored thread Feather (piece) Thin plant leaf Print (letters) Cloth fibers Hair strand Small insects Dust Algae Pond water Thin paper Insect parts Whole mount specimens must be thin enough to allow light to pass through them. Do not use large, hard objects like rocks, as they can break your slides and microscope lenses. Sections: Section mounts are made by slicing a very thin section of specimen. A cross section is made by slicing across the width or diameter of the specimen. A longitudinal section is made by slicing across the length of the specimen. It is difficult to make sections thin enough without an instrument called a microtome. You can make a simple microtome with a thread spool, a 1/4” diameter bolt at least 2” long, and a 1/4” nut. -
Deficient Diabetic Mice
Diminished Loss of Proteoglycans and Lack of Albuminuria in Protein Kinase C-␣–Deficient Diabetic Mice Jan Menne,1,2 Joon-Keun Park,2 Martin Boehne,2 Marlies Elger,2 Carsten Lindschau,2 Torsten Kirsch,2 Matthias Meier,2 Faikah Gueler,2 Annette Fiebeler,3 Ferdinand H. Bahlmann,2 Michael Leitges,4 and Hermann Haller2 Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We showed earlier that PKC-␣ is activated in the kid- iabetes affects Ͼ300 million people worldwide; -neys of hyperglycemic animals. We now used PKC-␣؊/؊ 20–40% will develop overt nephropathy. Diabe mice to test the hypothesis that this PKC isoform tes is the most common cause of end-stage mediates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Drenal disease. The earliest clinical sign of ne- We observed that renal and glomerular hypertrophy was phropathy is microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria also ؊ ؊ similar in diabetic wild-type and PKC-␣ / mice. How- heralds impending cardiovascular morbidity and mortality ever, the development of albuminuria was almost absent (1–4). Microalbuminuria predicts overt proteinuria, which ؊/؊␣ in the diabetic PKC- mice. The hyperglycemia-in- is now believed to actively promote renal insufficiency (5). duced downregulation of the negatively charged base- Therefore, successful treatment of diabetic patients ment membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan -؊ ؊ should aim for the prevention or regression of albumin was completely prevented in the PKC-␣ / mice, com- pared with controls. We then asked whether transform- uria. Hyperglycemia seems to cause microalbuminuria in   diabetic patients (6,7). However, how the metabolic dis- ing growth factor- 1 (TGF- 1) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the turbance causes cellular effects is incompletely under- PKC-␣–mediated changes in the basement membrane. -
An Antique Microscope Slide Brings the Thrill of Discovery Into a Contemporary Biology Classroom
ARTICLE An Antique Microscope Slide Brings the Thrill of Discovery into a Contemporary Biology Classroom FRANK REISER ABSTRACT that few others share my interests), I add them to my growing collection. The discovery of a Victorian-era microscope slide titled “Grouped Flower Seeds” began When I found skillfully prepared Victorian-era microscope slides listed an investigation into the scientific and historical background of the antique slide to under the category “Folk Art” in an antique dealer’s online catalog, it led develop its usefulness as a multidisciplinary tool for PowerPoint presentations usable in not only to my acquiring them but also to the beginning of a journey contemporary biology classrooms, particularly large-enrollment sections. The resultant involving Internet and library research, trips to herbaria, field collecting presentation was intended to engage students in discussing historical and contempo- excursions, and, finally, to the development of a PowerPoint lecture for rary biology education, as well as some of the intricacies of seed biology. Comparisons between the usefulness and scope of various seed identification resources, both online community college biology students. The slide that triggered the snow- and in print, were made. balling project is titled “Grouped Flower Seeds” (Figure 1). Having spent most of my life as a biology educator, I view most of Key Words: Grouped Flower Seeds; Watson and Sons; antique microscope slide; what I encounter in life from a science-oriented perspective. Finding pre- online seed identification resources; seed identification manuals; seed biology; pared microscope slides described as “folk art” sharply conflicted with large-enrollment lecture. my sense of the correct order of disciplines – particularly for items that I would reverently classify as the tools of scientists. -
Microscopic Exam of Urine Sediment 1
Name:___________________________ Seat # ______ Do not write in pencil (use pen). Do not use Liquid Paper (draw one line through error). Date: ____/____/____ Periods_______________ Please staple all work. Routine Urinalysis with Microscopic Lab Title 4 Lab Number Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to learn how to identify sediment found in urine and learn the clinical significance of urine sediment. Materials: 1. cup to collect urine sample 6. (2) coverslips 11. Laboratory Coat 2. centrifuge 7. test tube rack 12. Disinfecting wipes 3. plastic pipette 8. Microscope 13. Biohazard containers 4. centrifuge tube 9. Sedi-stain 14. Refactometer 5. (1) microscope slide 10. Working Mat (paper towel) 15. Beaker of water Procedure(s): See student handout and pictures to help aid in your procedure. Microscopic Exam of Urine Sediment 1. Collect a fresh urine sample. Obtain a centrifuge tube and put your seat number at the very top of tube. 2. Pour or pipette 12 ml of urine into the centrifuge tube. 3. Centrifuge tube for 5 minutes. Centrifuge Procedure: a. After pouring 12 ml of urine in tube, put in centrifuge and balance your tube with 12 ml of fluid in the same type of tube (pair up with another student). b. Position tubes directly across from each other. c. The teacher will demonstrate how to close and lock lid, and set timer and speed. d. Centrifuge will stop automatically. e. Make sure the centrifuge comes to a complete stop before opening. (Remember the movie OutBreak) ***While your urine is spinning, review how to use the microscope properly (see lesson in lab manual). -
Interpretation of Canine and Feline Urinalysis
$50. 00 Interpretation of Canine and Feline Urinalysis Dennis J. Chew, DVM Stephen P. DiBartola, DVM Clinical Handbook Series Interpretation of Canine and Feline Urinalysis Dennis J. Chew, DVM Stephen P. DiBartola, DVM Clinical Handbook Series Preface Urine is that golden body fluid that has the potential to reveal the answers to many of the body’s mysteries. As Thomas McCrae (1870-1935) said, “More is missed by not looking than not knowing.” And so, the authors would like to dedicate this handbook to three pioneers of veterinary nephrology and urology who emphasized the importance of “looking,” that is, the importance of conducting routine urinalysis in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of dogs and cats. To Dr. Carl A. Osborne , for his tireless campaign to convince veterinarians of the importance of routine urinalysis; to Dr. Richard C. Scott , for his emphasis on evaluation of fresh urine sediments; and to Dr. Gerald V. Ling for his advancement of the technique of cystocentesis. Published by The Gloyd Group, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware © 2004 by Nestlé Purina PetCare Company. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Nestlé Purina PetCare Company: Checkerboard Square, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63188 First printing, 1998. Laboratory slides reproduced by permission of Dennis J. Chew, DVM and Stephen P. DiBartola, DVM. This book is protected by copyright. ISBN 0-9678005-2-8 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................1 Part I Chapter 1 Sample Collection ...............................................5