2- Tools and Methods Used in Cybercrime Stages of an Attack on Network
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Operating Systems and Virtualisation Security Knowledge Area (Draft for Comment)
OPERATING SYSTEMS AND VIRTUALISATION SECURITY KNOWLEDGE AREA (DRAFT FOR COMMENT) AUTHOR: Herbert Bos – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam EDITOR: Andrew Martin – Oxford University REVIEWERS: Chris Dalton – Hewlett Packard David Lie – University of Toronto Gernot Heiser – University of New South Wales Mathias Payer – École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne © Crown Copyright, The National Cyber Security Centre 2019. Following wide community consultation with both academia and industry, 19 Knowledge Areas (KAs) have been identified to form the scope of the CyBOK (see diagram below). The Scope document provides an overview of these top-level KAs and the sub-topics that should be covered under each and can be found on the project website: https://www.cybok.org/. We are seeking comments within the scope of the individual KA; readers should note that important related subjects such as risk or human factors have their own knowledge areas. It should be noted that a fully-collated CyBOK document which includes issue 1.0 of all 19 Knowledge Areas is anticipated to be released by the end of July 2019. This will likely include updated page layout and formatting of the individual Knowledge Areas. Operating Systems and Virtualisation Security Herbert Bos Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam April 2019 INTRODUCTION In this knowledge area, we introduce the principles, primitives and practices for ensuring security at the operating system and hypervisor levels. We shall see that the challenges related to operating system security have evolved over the past few decades, even if the principles have stayed mostly the same. For instance, when few people had their own computers and most computing was done on multiuser (often mainframe-based) computer systems with limited connectivity, security was mostly focused on isolating users or classes of users from each other1. -
A Solution to Php Code Injection Attacks and Web
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND ROBOTICS Vol.2 Issue.9, Pg.: 24-31 September 2014 www.ijrcar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND ROBOTICS ISSN 2320-7345 A SOLUTION TO PHP CODE INJECTION ATTACKS AND WEB VULNERABILITIES Venkatesh Yerram1, Dr G.Venkat Rami Reddy2 ¹Computer Networks and Information Security, [email protected] ²Computer Science Engineering, 2nd [email protected] JNTU Hyderabad, India Abstract Over the decade web applications are grown rapidly. This leads to cyber crimes. Attacker injects various scripts to malfunction the web application. Attacker injects these scripts to text box of vulnerable web application from various compounds such as search bar, feedback form, login form etc and later which is executed by the server. Sometimes attacker modifies the URL to execute a successful attack. This execution of system calls and API on web server by attacker can damage the file system and or leaks information of web server. PHP is a server side scripting language, dynamic features and functionalities are controlled through the PHP language. Hence, the use of PHP language results in high possibility of successful execution of code injection attacks. The aim of this paper is first to understand the code web application vulnerability related to PHP code injection attack, the scenario has been developed. Secondly defeat the attack and fast incident determination from the developed domain dictionary. This proposed system is helpful for cyber forensics expert to gather and analyze the evidence effectively Keywords: Code Injection, vulnerabilities, Attack, cyber forensics 1. INTRODUCTION The web environment is growing rapidly day by day, the cyber crimes also increasing rapidly. -
ITEE Journal
Volume 3, Issue 6 ISSN: - 2306-708X December 201 4 ITEE Jo urnal Information Technology & Electrical Engineering ©2012-14 International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Malware Contaminated Website Detection by Scanning Page Links 1 Mehdi Dadkhah, 2 Amin Dadkhah, 3 Jie Deng 1 Lecturer of Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. 2 Student of Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. 3 Queen Mary University London, London, UK. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT With increasing growth of communication networks, social interactions and financial transactions have been migrate to virtual environments. Internet is one of the most substantial platform for most people's social interactions and transactions. However, the notable challenge in online transactions is security in cyber environments and to understand the hazards accompanied with this communication platform. Because of the increased use of Internet and virtual environments in daily affairs such as financial transactions, this platform has become the focus of attackers and swindlers, for example the stealing of users' passwords. In this paper, we introduce main methods which attackers use to contaminate websites by malware. Even though several articles have been written on the subject, our main goal is introducing the advanced type of these frauds conducted by professional attackers which includes contaminating websites by any kind of malware like using phishing attacks, security vulnerability in web, social engineering and click hijacking. Finally we present our approach for confronting frauds conducted by installing spyware by contaminated websites attack and malware behavior. Keywords: Online fraud, cyber environment, phishing, web vulnerability, spyware. -
Protecting Against the Top 5 Attack Vectors Stay Secure from the Most Common Threats Seen by Arctic Wolf’S Security Team
Protecting Against the Top 5 Attack Vectors Stay secure from the most common threats seen by Arctic Wolf’s security team ©2019 Arctic Wolf Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. | Public PERSONAL | PREDICTABLE | PROTECTION CONTENTS Major Cyberattacks in the News ......................................................................................................................................3 The Top 5 Attack Vectors ...................................................................................................................................................4 The Cyber Kill Chain .............................................................................................................................................................7 Protecting Against the Top 5 Attacks Malware/Ransomware ....................................................................................................................................8 Phishing Attack ...................................................................................................................................................9 PUP/Adware ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Account Hijacking ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Unpatched/Outdated Software ................................................................................................................. -
Automated Malware Analysis Report for Shellcode.Exe
ID: 205432 Sample Name: shellcode.exe Cookbook: default.jbs Time: 00:40:30 Date: 04/02/2020 Version: 28.0.0 Lapis Lazuli Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Analysis Report shellcode.exe 3 Overview 3 General Information 3 Detection 3 Confidence 3 Classification 4 Analysis Advice 4 Mitre Att&ck Matrix 5 Signature Overview 5 AV Detection: 5 System Summary: 5 Data Obfuscation: 5 Malware Configuration 5 Behavior Graph 5 Simulations 6 Behavior and APIs 6 Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection 6 Initial Sample 6 Dropped Files 6 Unpacked PE Files 6 Domains 6 URLs 6 Yara Overview 7 Initial Sample 7 PCAP (Network Traffic) 7 Dropped Files 7 Memory Dumps 7 Unpacked PEs 7 Sigma Overview 7 Joe Sandbox View / Context 7 IPs 7 Domains 7 ASN 7 JA3 Fingerprints 7 Dropped Files 7 Created / dropped Files 8 Domains and IPs 8 Contacted Domains 8 Contacted IPs 8 Static File Info 8 General 8 File Icon 8 Static PE Info 8 General 8 Entrypoint Preview 9 Data Directories 10 Sections 10 Imports 11 Network Behavior 11 Code Manipulations 11 Statistics 11 System Behavior 11 Disassembly 11 Copyright Joe Security LLC 2020 Page 2 of 11 Analysis Report shellcode.exe Overview General Information Joe Sandbox Version: 28.0.0 Lapis Lazuli Analysis ID: 205432 Start date: 04.02.2020 Start time: 00:40:30 Joe Sandbox Product: CloudBasic Overall analysis duration: 0h 2m 15s Hypervisor based Inspection enabled: false Report type: light Sample file name: shellcode.exe Cookbook file name: default.jbs Analysis system description: Windows 10 64 bit (version 1803) -
Smashing the Stack for Fun and Profit
Introduction Since the famous article "Smashing the Stack for fun and profit" by aleph1 there have been countless papers about buffer overflows, why then should there be another one? Because I have read most of them and they lack the specifics of the technique, why everything happens and how to react in case of a change and why you have to react. Most of the papers out there are really notes. I can say that this has been explicitly written as a formal paper. Examples are made and also live examples are done of the different techniques and they all should work, if they don't drop me an email, although they have been tested on Slackware 7.0, 7.1 and RedHat 6.0, 6.2 and 7.0, all examples have been revisited on Slackware 9.0, RedHat 8.0 and Mandrake 9.0, Windows 2000 and Solaris on SPARC architecture. During this chapter we will have some standards, I'll use and example to illustrate them: nahual@fscking$ ./exploit1 [ + ] Example 1 for The Tao of Buffer Overflows [ + ] [ + ] Coded by Enrique A. Sanchez Montellano [ + ] Using address 0xbffff9c0 [ + ] Starting exploitation... bash# id As you can see now we've exploited the program uid=0(root) gid=0(root) bash# So as you can see user input will have this type of font, the computer will have normal and comments will have this type of font. And the Tao was born. Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), gets(), sprintf() and all its derivates can be dangerous if not used with care. Why are they not used with care?, Books and classes are not taught with security in mind, the concept of buffer overflows is a concept that is solely for security consultants and hackers, being the first a ramification of the later as far as a lot of people are concerned, so you need special skills to find them and exploit them. -
Host-Based Code Injection Attacks: a Popular Technique Used by Malware
Host-Based Code Injection Attacks: A Popular Technique Used By Malware Thomas Barabosch Elmar Gerhards-Padilla Fraunhofer FKIE Fraunhofer FKIE Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144 Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144 53113 Bonn, Germany 53113 Bonn, Germany [email protected] [email protected] c 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is per- implemented with different goals in mind, they share one mitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all common feature: they all inject code locally into foreign other uses, in any current or future media, including process spaces. One reason for this behaviour is detection reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or avoidance. However, code injections are not limited to tar- promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for geted malware. Mass-malware also uses code injections in resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any order to stay under the radar (ZeroAccess, ZeusP2P or Con- copyrighted component of this work in other works. ficker). Detection avoidance is not the only advantage of us- ing code injections from a malware author’s point of view. Abstract Further reasons for using code injections are interception of critical information, privilege escalation or manipulation of Common goals of malware authors are detection avoid- security products. ance and gathering of critical information. There exist The above mentioned examples are all malware fami- numerous techniques that help these actors to reach their lies for Microsoft Windows. However, code injections are goals. One especially popular technique is the Host-Based platform-independent. In fact all established multitasking Code Injection Attack (HBCIA). -
SQL Injection Authored By: Stephanie Reetz, SOC Analyst
TLP: WHITE Technical White Paper January 2013 SQL Injection Authored by: Stephanie Reetz, SOC Analyst INTRODUCTION Web applications are everywhere on the Internet. Almost everything you do online is done through a web application whether you know it or not. They come in the form of web-based email, forums, bulletin boards, bill payment, recruitment systems, health benefit and payroll systems. It is important to understand that these types of websites are all database driven. Databases are an essential element of web applications because they are able to store user preferences, personal identifiable information, and other sensitive user information Web applications interact with databases to dynamically build customized content for each user. The web application communicates with the database using Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is a programming language for managing databases that allows you to read and manipulate data in MySQL, SQL Server, Access, Oracle, DB2, and other database systems. The relationship between the web application and the database is commonly abused by attackers through SQL injection. SQL injection is a type of injection attack in which SQL commands are supplied in user-input variables, such as a web form entry field, in an attempt to trick the web application into executing the attacker's code on the database. SQL injection was one of the primary attack vectors responsible for many of 2011’s high profile compromises including Sony Pictures, HBGary, and PBS. It was also responsible for the more recent Adobe data breach in which names, email addresses, and password hashes were stolen from one of their customer databases. -
Defeating Web Code Injection Attacks Using Web Element Attribute Mutation
Session 1: New Moving Target Defenses MTD’17, October 30, 2017, Dallas, TX, USA WebMTD: Defeating Web Code Injection Attacks using Web Element Attribute Mutation Amirreza Niakanlahiji Jafar Haadi Jafarian UNC Charlotte University of Colorado Denver [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT injection and server-side script injection, they are still one of the Existing mitigation techniques for Web code injection attacks have most common attack vectors on Web applications; examples are the not been widely adopted, primarily due to incurring impractical recently discovered XSS vulnerabilities on Amazon [4] and Ebay overheads on the developer, Web applications, or Web browsers. [7] Websites. According to OWASP [21], XSS, the most prevalent They either substantially increase Web server/client execution time, type of Web code injection attacks, is the third Web application enforce restrictive coding practices on developers, fail to support security risk. legacy Web applications, demand browser code modification, or Methodologies for countering code injection attacks could be fail to provide browser backward compatibility. Moving Target De- broadly divided into two categories: (I) input validation techniques fense (MTD) is a novel proactive class of techniques that aim to that prevent injection of malicious code, but are highly suscepti- defeat attacks by imposing uncertainty in attack reconnaissance ble to evasion [23]; and, (II) code differentiation techniques that and planning. This uncertainty is achieved by frequent and ran- prevent execution of injected code, including BEEP [15] , ISR [17], dom mutation (randomization) of system configuration in a manner CSP [25], Noncespaces [27] and xJS [2]. However, as demonstrated that is not traceable (predictable) by attackers. -
Arbitrary Code Injection Through Self-Propagating Worms in Von Neumann Architecture Devices
Arbitrary Code Injection through Self-propagating Worms in Von Neumann Architecture Devices Thanassis Giannetsos1, Tassos Dimitriou1, Ioannis Krontiris2 and Neeli R. Prasad3 1Athens Information Tech. 19.5 km Markopoulo Ave. Athens, Greece 2Computer Science Dep. University of Mannheim D-68161 Mannheim, Germany 3Department of Communication Aalborg University Fr. Bajers Vej 7A5, DK-9220,Denmark Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Malicious code (or malware) is de¯ned as software designed to execute attacks on software systems and ful¯ll the harmful intents of an attacker. As lightweight embedded devices become more ubiquitous and increasingly networked, they present a new and very disturbing target for malware developers. In this paper, we demonstrate how to execute malware on wireless sensor nodes that are based on the Von Neumann architecture. We achieve this by exploiting a bu®er overflow vulnerability to smash the call stack and intrude a remote node over the radio channel. By breaking the malware into multiple packets, the attacker can inject arbitrarily long malicious code to the node and completely take control of it. Then we proceed to show how the malware can be crafted to become a self-replicating worm that broadcasts itself and infects the network in a hop-by-hop manner. To our knowledge, this is the ¯rst instance of a self-propagating worm that provides a detailed analysis along with instructions in order to execute arbitrary malicious code. We also provide a complete implementation of our attack, measure its e®ectiveness in terms of time taken for the worm to propagate to the entire sensor network and, ¯nally, suggest possible countermeasures. -
Blindfolded SQL Injection
Blindfolded SQL Injection Written By: Ofer Maor Amichai Shulman Table of Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................3 Identifying Injections ................................................................................................5 Recognizing Errors ...........................................................................................................................5 Locating Errors............................................................................................................................... ...6 Identifying SQL Injection Vulnerable Parameters ........................................................................6 Performing the Injection ..........................................................................................8 Getting the Syntax Right..................................................................................................................8 Identifying the Database ..................................................................................................................9 Exploiting the Injection ...................................................................................................................10 UNION SELECT Injections ....................................................................................11 Counting the Columns....................................................................................................................11 Identifying Columns Types -
Study of Stenography and Forensic Analysis of Cyber Crimes Using Sql Injection Attack Viral Rajendrakumar Dagli, Surendranagar Dr
Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 STUDY OF STENOGRAPHY AND FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF CYBER CRIMES USING SQL INJECTION ATTACK VIRAL RAJENDRAKUMAR DAGLI, SURENDRANAGAR DR. H. B. BHADKA, C U SHAH UNIVERSITY DR. K. H. WANDRA ABSTRACT Cyber Crime is normally comprehended to comprise of getting to a PC without the proprietor's consent, surpassing the extent of one's endorsement to get to a PC framework, changing or annihilating PC information or utilizing PC time and assets without appropriate approval. Cyber fear mongering comprises basically of undertaking these equivalent exercises to propel one's political or ideological closures. Psychological oppressor activities in the internet should be possible by confined people or fear monger gatherings, yet one state against another. By that, digital psychological warfare doesn't vary from other sort of fear mongering in any capacity. The particular idea of the risk can extend from forswearing of administration to listening in, extortion, damage, and robbery of licensed innovation and restrictive data. This paper expects to give a wide review of the difficulties looked by the world in digital wrongdoing and issues looked by law implementation organizations and Information and Communication Technology security masters in digital examinations and the advantages that might be picked up by the worldwide network and obviously the open private associations (PPP) to the anticipation, location and arraignment of digital violations and how underdeveloped nations need to keep pace with the consistently changing innovations and the control of this innovation by what we may term digital crooks so as to make benefit. Keywords: Cyber Crime, online frauds, SQL Injection INTRODUCTION Cybercrime is any crime that includes a PC, organized gadget or a system.