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State of Palestine State of Palestine Endorsed by the GCF Climate Investment Committee on 5 November 2020 Environment Quality Authority State of Palestine’s Country Programme for the Green Climate Fund Climate Resilient Transformation with the Green Climate Fund State of Palestine 2019 Environment Quality Authority State of Palestine’s Country Programme for the Green Climate Fund Climate Resilient Transformation with the Green Climate Fund State of Palestine 2019 Table of List of Tables Table 1: Basic socio-economic statistics for the State of Palestine from 2010 to 2017 12 contents Table 2: Future climate scenarios for the State of Palestine 20 Foreword 4 Table 3: Key emitters and related mitigation challenges 22 Section 1: Country Profile 6 Table 4: Summary of major climate policies and responses 24 1.1 Development profile 8 Table 5: Summary of Nationally Determined Contribution targets 28 1.2 Climate change profile 18 Table 6: Summary of roles and responsibilities of key institutions as proposed in the 1.3 Climate change response 23 Capacity Development - Phase 1 report 37 1.3.1 National frameworks 23 Table 7: Exemplary list of climate change stakeholders in the State of Palestine 55 1.3.2 Regional engagement 32 Table 8: Relationships with existing International Accredited Entities, potential 1.3.3 Access to finance 34 Accredited Entities and relevant public, private and civil society partners 62 1.4 Gaps and opportunities 36 Table 9: Project proposals submitted to the Green Climate Fund 65 1.4.1 Transformational success factors 42 Table 10: Green Climate Fund Investment Criteria 67 1.4.2 Demand driven and inclusive solutions by engaging with civil society sector 44 Table 11: Summary of proposals 69 1.4.3 Paradigm shift to leverage private sector resources 48 Table 12: Top proposals for submission to GCF from 2020 to 2024 70 Section 2: Country Agenda and Green Climate Fund Engagement 52 2.1 Institutional arrangements 52 List of Figures 2.2 Roles and contributions of key stakeholders 55 Figure 1: Map of the State of Palestine with a land area of 6,020 km2 and 2.3 State of Palestine Green Climate Fund Pipeline Principles 64 population of 4.9 million. 8 Figure 2: State of Palestine GDP per capita. 9 2.4 Prioritizing the State of Palestine Green Climate Fund pipeline 67 Figure 3: Proposed multi-layered institutional framework on climate change for 2.5 Country portfolio 69 the State of Palestine 52 2.6 Priority proposals for submission to the Green Climate Fund from 2020 to 2024 69 Figure 4: Institutional and financial framework to access and use bilateral and Section 3: Monitoring and Evaluation of Country Programme Implementation 74 international climate finances 54 Section 4: Annexes 75 Annex 4.1: Prioritized Pipeline A to be implemented between 2019 and 2023 76 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily Annex 4.2: Prioritized Pipeline B to be implemented between 2024 to 2030 102 represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or its Member States”. Foreword Climate change is the most prominent threat the world is facing, and it is having a This Country Programme is focused on large-scale projects and those that fall under severe impact on all aspects of life on this planet. In an effort to respond to climate a range of Green Climate Fund support mechanisms, namely: the Simplified Approval change challenges, the international community created the Green Climate Fund Process; the National Adaptation Plans Support process; and the Green Climate Fund under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Fund is Readiness Support process. essentially a financial mechanism to assist developing countries to adapt to and The Israeli occupation amplifies the impact of climate change, and the State of mitigate the impacts of climate change. The objective of the Fund is to support Palestine continues to move forward in its struggle to end to the occupation and projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing countries. The seek full independence of our state. The task of tackling climate change is ever more Green Climate Fund is recognized as core to international efforts to increase access daunting under foreign occupation. to climate finance. We strongly appreciate the support that has been given to the State of Palestine by Like all countries, the State of Palestine will be hit hard by climate change. Indeed, signs the international community. This support has come in the form of capacity building, of the impact are already evident, well defined, and clearly observed. In an attempt technology development and transfer, and finance. Climate finance is a new and to respond to the consequences of climate change, leaders in the State of Palestine additional source of funds, but it is not related to official development assistance. have been among the first in the world to sign and ratify the Paris Agreement. The Consequently, it can help the State of Palestine respond to threats of climate change. Palestinian Environment Quality Authority, in its capacity as a National Focal Point Access to climate finance will also transform climate challenges into tangible for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, has led, facilitated investment opportunities that benefit Palestinian communities. and coordinated national efforts to respond to the challenges of climate change. The Environment Quality Authority has coordinated preparation of this Green Climate Fund National Country Programme. This has been done with guidance and support from the Fund. The main objective is to communicate and share with the Fund’s Secretariat the most pressing climate issues facing the State of Palestine. Building H.E. Adalah Atira on our Nationally Determined Contributions and our national Communication and Minister Adaptation reports, we prepared this Country Programme document with the aim of Chairman of Environment Quality Authority scaling up national adaptation and mitigation projects. 4 Climate Resilient Transformation with the Green Climate Fund Climate Resilient Transformation with the Green Climate Fund 5 Total emissions Percentage of na- Section 1: Activity (Gg CO2 eq.) tional emissions (%) Energy 1997.7 62 Key emitting sectors10 Country profile Industrial processes and product use Not estimated Not estimated Agriculture, forestry and other land uses 476.9 15 Waste 751.7 23 Water: Geographical loca- Middle East • increased water shortages from lower rainfall and higher evaporation; tion United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: Asia Pacific • increased storm water flooding from greater rainfall variability; 2 Gaza Strip: 365 2 insufficient rain to recharge aquifers; Land area1 West Bank: 5,655 km 2 Total: 6,020 km km • reduced surface and groundwater quality; and lower supply of water from Israel, the occupying power. County area2 Total (land and water): 6,257 km2 Agriculture: • West Bank: 2.83 million people (51% men and 49% women) • more frequent droughts and increased desertification; Population3 • Gaza Strip: 1.87 million (50.7% men and 49.3% women) • changes in economic viability of crops, such as shorter growing seasons; • State of Palestine: 4.70 million (50.9% men and 49.1% women) • increased crop water requirements; • decline in grazing ranges and stocks; 2 2 West Bank: 522 people/km ; Gaza Strip: 5373 people/km ; State of Palestine: 816 • and higher food prices. Population density 2 people/km Energy: • Agriculture and fishing (3.2%) • increased energy demands to cope with temperature extremes; • Mining, manufacturing, electricity and water supply (13.3%) • and rising fuel demands to cope with water shortages. • Construction (6.3%) • Wholesale and retail trade and repair (18.2%) Public health: Key economic sec- • Transportation and storage (2.0 %) • increase in public health aliments related to a lack of water, such as diarrhoea, tors and percentage • Financial and insurance activities (3.7%) cholera, and dehydration; (%) of Gross Domestic • Information and communications (4.0%) • increased heat stress from high-temperature extreme events; Product4 • Services (20.2 %) • and spatial and temporal alteration of disease vectors, including malaria, leishman- • Public administration and defence (15.1%) iasis, and tick-borne diseases. 11 • Households with employed persons (0.1 %) Key sectors vulnera- Coastal management (the Gaza Strip): 1213 • Other5 (13.9 %) ble to climate risks • saline water intrusion into the coastal aquifer; • Total Gross Domestic Product: US$13.7 billion • land use impacts from sea-level rise and coastal erosion; The West Bank climate falls in the Mediterranean zone. Only the Lower Jordan Valley • soil degradation; has a different transitional climate, between dry steppe and the extreme desert condi- • and loss of biodiversity. Climate tions of the Dead Sea region. The Gaza Strip is located in a transitional zone, between Waste and wastewater: the arid desert climate of the Sinai Peninsula and the temperate and semi-humid Med- • waste and wastewater infrastructure vulnerable to frequent flooding; iterranean climate along the coast 6 • and high temperatures increase methane emissions through accelerated waste The country emitted 3,226.3 Gg CO2 eq. in 2011 with 0.8 tCO2e/capita.7 decomposition. 8 Regional and international comparisons (tCO2/capita) for 2011: Food: • Qatar (44) high temperatures and prolonged droughts affect yield and productivity. • United Arab Emirates (20) • United States (17) Gender: Greenhouse gas • Netherlands (10.1) women and children are very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. emission profile • Israel (9) Industry: • China (6.7) prolonged drought can affect access to water. • Lebanon (4.7) • Jordan (3.6) Terrestrial ecosystems: • Yemen (1) high temperatures can cause fires and loss of soil carbon from prolonged droughts. • State of Palestine (0.5)9 Tourism: high temperatures and flooding damage archaeological sites and affect tourism. 1 INCR 2016 Urban infrastructure: 2 INCR 2016 increased heat stress from high temperature events and flooding. 3 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2019.
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