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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS A SORT OF FOREWORD, Yona Friedman 25 PART 1 /THE DILUTION OF ARCHITECTURE / Yona Friedman Architecture as improvisation 28 Strip cartoon: Improvisation in architecture 30 "Space-time" architecture 34 Strip cartoon: The dilution of architecture 36 ANTHOLOGY OF A PROCESS 1. MASSIVE Mainstream architecture. "Shoe-box" 45 2. "VILLE SPATIALE" EARLY STUDIES Scheme of the theory. 1958 - 65 48 Level floors studies, 1958 - 62 60 Space-chain technique, 1958 -70 64 Irregular pattern, 1959 - 90 66 Die inner city, 1958- 2000 70 EUROPEAN PROJECTS Paris Spatial, various projects, 1959-2008 76 Venice ofMonaco, 1959 94 Moscow, 1990 96 Milan stadium, 2004 98 Berlin, 2004 100 Vienna, 2004 102 ASIAN PROJECTS Tokyo International Forum. 1989 104 Yokohama Triennale, 2001 106 AMERICAN PROJECTS New York, various projects, 1958 - 99 108 Los Angeles freeway, 1964 116 San Francisco, 2006 118 AFRICAN PROJECTS Early studies, 1958-59 120 Treichville, 1959 123 Tunis, competition, 1959 124 Dares Salaam, Parliament House, 1967 128 BRIDGE-TOWN Gibraltar, 1962 130 African Bridge-Town, 1963 132 Eleven Bridge-Towns to link five continents. 1963 133 Channel Bridge. 1963 134 Venice, 1969-2005 140 Strasbourg. Administrative Center for the EU, 1990 146 Peace Bridge. Tel Aviv, 1990 150 Centre-Bridge for London. 2004 152 http://d-nb.info/1056931167 3. ACCUMULATION CONTAINERS Trihedrical containers: A versatile technique, c. 2005 156 Container agglomeration, Semi-containers, 2002-05 158 Container Street-museum, c. 2005 160 Space-frame container, c. 2005 162 Strip cartoon: Container accumulation 164 6. TRANSPARENCY IRRE9ULAR STRUCTURES Introduction and manuals, from 1994 172 Panel chains. 1945 178 Movable boxes. 1949 180 Cylinders, 1953 - 58 182 Trihedral system, 1955 184 Curved panels, 1956 188 Carboard boxes, 1990-2005 190 Lamellar structures, from 1990 192 Crumpled sheets, 1992-2000 194 Macaroni, 1992 198 The Train, from 1992 200 Gribouilli, 1995-2005 202 Moebian structures, from 2000 208 Irregular & Pseudo tensegrity, 2000 - 05 210 Merzstrukturen. 2006 212 ICONOSTASE Proteinic structures, 1992 216 Space-chain dome, 1970 - 85 218 Space-chain iconostase, various projects, 2010 -13 220 5. DISSIPATED Meuble + Plus, 2009 234 6. "NATURE MADE HABITABLE" Street museum Como, 2004 - 08 238 Graffiti museum, 2006 - 09 240 Museum of Afghan civilisation, from 2008 242 Amorphous architecture, 2009 243 Tree museum. Rome-Paris, c. 2012 244 Shop Windows: A museum of our civilization, 2012 246 Strip cartoon: A museum is not a building 248 7. THE LABYRINTH Nagasaki competition. 1996 256 8. BUILD LESS Strip cartoon: Architecture without building 260 PART II /THE ERRATIC UNIVERSE OF YONA FRIEDMAN / Manuel Orazi Prologue 269 1. THE EARLY YEARS Hungarian "false fascism" 275 Science as ait: Werner Heisenberg 284 Mythology as collective psychology: Karoly Kerenyi 292 Architecture in Hungary between the wars 302 Palestine/Israel: Utopian Zionism 314 Haifa "the Red" and the Technion Institute ofTechnology 330 Konrad Wachsmann's technological Utopia 348 Europa '56 362 2. THEORIES. SOCIETY AND TECHNOLOGY "L'architecture mobile" and its circulation 385 "Groupe d'etudes d'Architecture mobile" GEAM 414 Constant. Debord, Lefebvre 426 1964: The year of the megastucture 438 Michel Ragon's GIAP 452 Ideology of the street 472 Graph theoty and the diagram 484 Architecture-by-yourself: Nicholas Negroponte and the MIT 498 3. ARCHITECTURE AND AUTOREOULATION "Utopies realisables" 509 Lycee David. Angers 526 Philosophy of participation 536 PART III /APPENDIX A conversation with Yona Friedman. Manuel Orazi. 2005 545 Seven questions for Bernard Tschumi. Guia Camerino and Manuel Orazi. 2005 560 EXHIBITION Yona Friedman - Genesis of a Vision. Nader Seraj, 2012 562 Lecture series: Manuel Orazi, Juan Miguel Hernandez Leon, Dominique Rouillard, 2012 566 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books and articles by Yona Friedman 568 Books and articles on Yona Friedman 574 .
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  • Yona Friedman
    YONA FRIEDMAN FRANCESCA MININI VIA MASSIMIANO, 25 20134 MILANO T +39 02 26924671 [email protected] WWW.FRANCESCAMININI.IT Budapest, Hungary, 1923 Paris, 2020 YONA FRIEDMAN Budapest, Hungary, 1923 2020, Paris Yona Friedman studied at the Technical University in Budapest, before Yona Friedman ha studiato alla Technical University di Budapest, continuing his training from 1945 to 1948 at the Technion in Haifa, prima di continuare la sua formazione dal 1945 al 1948 al Technion di Israel, where he worked as an architect until 1957. In 1953-54, he met Haifa, in Israele, dove ha lavorato come architetto fino al 1957. Nel Konrad Wachsmann, whose studies on prefabrication techniques and 1953-54 incontrò Konrad Wachsmann, i cui studi sulle tecniche di three-dimensional structures had a considerable influence on him. In prefabbricazione e le strutture tridimensionali furono di notevole 1954, together with some inhabitants of Haifa, Friedman embarked influenza per Friedman. Nel 1954, insieme ad alcuni abitanti di Haifa, upon an initial experiment involving housing designed by the occupant, Friedman iniziò un esperimento che prevedeva alloggi progettati but this project never reached completion. In 1956, at the 10th dall'occupante, ma questo progetto non raggiunse mai il International Congress of Modern Architecture (ICMA) in Dubrovnik, completamento. Nel 1956, al decimo Congresso Internazionale di modernism was called into question by his universalist approach and Architettura Moderna (ICMA) a Dubrovnik, il modernismo fu messo in his belief in progress. At the Congress, when people were taking discussione per il suo approccio universalista e per la sua convinzione "mobile architecture "to mean the mobility of the dwelling" the nel progresso.
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  • An Archaeology of the Future 4 Yona Friedman 10 Cini Boeri 36 Renée Gailhoustet 54 Dante Bini 82 Hans Walter Müller 114 Claude
    Contents 3 AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE FUTURE 4 YONA FRIEDMAN 10 CINI BOERI 36 RENÉE GAILHOUSTET 54 DANTE BINI 82 HANS WALTER MÜLLER 114 CLAUDE PARENT 136 ANTTI LOVAG 158 List of works Johanna Diehl 188 Biographies 190 Selected bibliography 191 Imprint/Photo credits/Acknowledgments 192 1074_17_EUROTOPIANS - PageNr: 3 INT_3.pdf -- UK - Sheet: -- A INSIDE 17-08-17 - 11:51:01 - dario.zanella PDF_FAX_VETTORIALE Yona Friedman It was on a cold January afternoon in 2004 when the idea suddenly came to him, in his small fat crammed full of architectural models, drawings, packaging waste, and fetishes in an old apartment building on Boulevard Garibaldi in Paris. The apartment itself looked like the enlarged brain of an architect. There were models stacked along shelves; souvenirs hanging from the ceiling like half-baked ideas; thousands of objects lying around that Yona Friedman had brought back from his travels: a brightly coloured elephant, an old stool, Indian fetishes, African masks, a glittering chain, a wooden crocodile, foam packaging, sketches, photographs, pictures, snippets of theories jotted down on sheets of paper affxed to the walls with drawing pins. Even the windows were papered over with drawings that obscured the milky light of a Parisian winter while, down below, the Métro Aérien rattled past on its way from Montparnasse to the elegant 16th arrondissement. We had spoken about Paris and about Berlin while Balkis, his antediluvian dog, crossed his paws and Florentine, his ante- diluvian cat, padded across the desk trying to catch the lines that Yona Friedman was sketching on his notepad. We had asked him what he liked about the new Berlin; he replied: “Oh well.” Things could have been done differently.
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  • Download the "Yona Friedman" Guide Booklet
    SELF- GUIDING ENGLISHBOOKLET VERSION YONA FRIEDMAN – THE MOBILE 0EXHIBITION DUNKIRKYONA FRIEDMAN / MAUBEUGE / BEAUVAIS– THE MOBILE AND AMIENS EXHIBITION CNEAI Collection = on deposit at the Frac Grand Large — Hauts-de-France. Based on an idea by: Sylvie Boulanger, Keren Detton, Lucy Hofbauer “At the present time we build too much. Earth is over built, earth is over planned, earth is over farmed. This does not mean that we don’t need architects, planners and farmers but we have to change rules.” Yona Friedman Life and Work in Movement The architecture of survival provides food for thought to Yona Friedman on our fundamental needs in an ecosystem subjected to the rarefaction of resources. Born in 1923 in Hungary, he had started studying architecture in Budapest when WWII erupted. As a refugee in Romania, he lived in camps for the displaced before finally settling in Israel where he lived in a kibbutz and returned to architecture. It was in these conditions that he developed his original approach to habitat based on user experiences. In 1957, he founded the Mobile Architecture Study Group (Groupe d’Étude d’Architecture Mobile - GEAM) and promoted the use of flexible structures made of prefabricated elements. His ideas caught the attention of leading figures including Le Corbusier and Jean Prouvé, who invited him to move to France. From then on, he relentlessly transmitted his ideas throughout the most renowned universities in both Europe and the United States and wrote profusely, publishing over 500 articles and books. The Mobile Exhibition, Architecture and Life in Common The title of this exhibition pays tribute to his major work L’Architecture mobile (Mobile Architecture, 1958), in which Friedman develops his Spatial-City ideas.
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  • Savage Mind to Savage Machine
    Savage Mind to Savage Machine: Techniques and Disciplines of Creativity, c. 1880-1985 Ginger Nolan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 ©2015 Ginger Nolan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Savage Mind to Savage Machine: Techniques and Disciplines of Creativity, c. 1880-1985 Ginger Nolan This dissertation explores how the imagined semiotic mode of the unconscious, illiterate “savage” was instrumental to twentieth-century technologies of production in two respects: firstly, in the context of a global division of labor, as a way to disqualify certain groups’ intellectual products from the category of intellectual property; and, secondly, in disciplines of aesthetic production, as an imaginary model on which to base new technologies of design and communication. In my dissertation, Savage Mind to Savage Machine: Techniques and Disciplines of Creativity (1870-1985), I argue that class inequalities under capitalism have been linked to the ongoing formulation of two distinct—albeit tacit—categories of epistemic subjectivity: one whose creative intellectual processes are believed to constitute personal property, and one whose creative intellectual processes—because these are deemed rote or unconscious—are not regarded as the property of those who wield them. This epistemic apartheid exists despite the fact that the unconscious psyche or, as I call it, the “Savage Mind,” was, at the same time, repeatedly invoked by modernist designers in their efforts to formulate creative technologies, ones that tended increasingly towards digital modes of production. The history I examine in the dissertation reveals how modernist design has implicitly constituted itself as the process through which unconscious, magical creativity becomes consciously systematized and reified as technological, scientific forms of production.
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  • Megastructures
    n.3 2018 vol.I Megastructures Dominique Rouillard edited by Wolfgang Fiel Dominique Rouillard Xavier Van Rooyen Anna Rosellini Francesco Zuddas Lorenzo Ciccarelli Lorenzo Diana Beatrice Lampariello Valentin Bourdon Scientific Commitee Editorial Team Nicholas Adams (Vassar College), Micaela Antonucci Histories of Ruth Baumeister (Aarhus School abstract and paper submission editor of Architecture), Francesco Benelli Stefano Ascari (Università di Bologna), Eve Blau graphic and design editor Postwar (Harvard University), Federico Bucci, Politecnico di Milano, Matteo Cassani Simonetti Maristella Casciato (Getty images manager Architecture Research Institute), Pepa Cassinello Lorenzo Ciccarelli (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), editorial assistant ISSN 2611-0075 Carola Hein (Delft University of https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2611-0075/v1-n3-2018 Technology), Helene Janniere Elena Formia (Université Rennes 2), Giovanni communication manager Leoni (Università di Bologna), Beatrice Lampariello Thomas Leslie (Iowa State editorial assistant University), Mary Caroline McLeod (Columbia University), Daniel J. Sofia Nannini Naegele (Iowa State University), editorial assistant Joan Ockman (Penn University), Gabriele Neri Antoine Picon (Harvard Graduate editorial assistant School of Design), Antonio Pizza (Escola Tècnica Superior Anna Rosellini paper review and publishing editor under the auspices of d’Arquitectura de Barcelona), Dominique Rouillard (Ecole Matteo Sintini Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture journal manager de Paris Malaquais), Paolo Scrivano (Xi’an Jiaotong University - Ines Tolic University of Liverpool), Laurant abstract and paper submission editor Stalder (ETH Zurich), Martino AISU Stierli (MoMA), Rosa Tamborrino, Associazione Italiana di Storia Urbana Politecnico di Torino, André Carinha Tavares (Universidade do Minho), Letizia Tedeschi, (Archivio del Moderno, Università della Svizzera Italiana), Herman van Bergeijk, AISTARCH (Delft University of Technology), Società Italiana di Storia dell’Architettura Christophe van Gerrewey (EPFL).
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  • ON YONA FRIEDMAN's MANUALS the Caps
    APRDELESP ⌂⌂ – ON YONA FRIEDMAN’S MANUALS The capsules attached to the core in Kisho Kurokawa’s Nakagin Capsule Tower are not apartments, but cells that grow from a central structure. That is, of course, the metaphor of choice for the loosely formed group referred to as the Japanese Metabolists. Their architecture was required to be adaptable, reconfigurable, and updatable, allowing for limitless, organized growth and improvisation. Indeed, many of Kurokawa’s contemporaries were trying to achieve the same goals using a similar logic of a structure (“megastructure”, “mega machine”, “infrastructure”. etc.) to which interchangeable, individual units (“capsules”, “cells”, “modules”, “dwellings”, etc.) are attached. While the Japanese Metabolists used biological metaphors, their British counterparts from Archigram borrowed from technology: in Peter Cook’s Plug-in-City, industrially built houses and stores are lifted and “plugged into” a megastructure by cranes. And in France, more or less at the same time, Yona Friedman was trying to achieve similar goals using a slightly different logic in his life-long Ville Spatiale, an infrastructural grid supports people’s activities. However, in sharp contrast to the strategies of the Metabolists and Archigram, the design of the dwellings is absent in Friedman’s Ville Spatiale. Instead, people would self-organize and build their own homes wherever and however they wanted. Instead of taking advantage of standardization and the increased efficiency of factory production, Friedman took a hands-off approach, trading some inefficiencies in production for individual freedom of choice and expression. To this end, Friedman developed a series of manuals that would help non-experts to organize, design, and build the homes that would infill the structure.
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  • Spatial City an Architecture of Idealism Spatial City an Architecture of Idealism
    Spatial City An Architecture of Idealism Spatial City An Architecture of Idealism The First Touring Exhibition in the United States of the Collections of the Frac (French Regional Contemporary Art Funds) La première exposition itinérante aux États-Unis des collections des Frac (Fonds régionaux d’art contemporain) Institute of Visual Arts (Inova), Milwaukee February 5-April 18, 2010 Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago May 23-August 8, 2010 Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit – MOCAD September 10-December 30, 2010 Spatial City An Architecture of Idealism edited by / direction éditoriale Marie-Cécile Burnichon / Polly Morris contributions by / contributions de Nicholas Frank Marie-Ange Brayer Gean Moreno / Ernesto Oroza Gil Snyder Allison Peters Quinn Luis Croquer Regroupement des Fonds régionaux d’art contemporain Artists Artistes Lida Abdul Simon Faithfull Didier Marcel Cristian Alexa Didier Fiuza Faustino Raphaël Maze Élisabeth Ballet Cao Fei François Morellet Yves Bélorgey Robert Filliou Sarah Morris Berdaguer & Péjus Élise Florenty Juan Muñoz Katinka Bock Yona Friedman Stéphanie Nava Monica Bonvicini Dora García June Bum Park Jeff Carter Ben Hall Philippe Parreno Maurizio Cattelan Camille Henrot Philippe Ramette Jordi Colomer Séverine Hubard Sara Schnadt François Dallegret Pierre Huyghe Kristina Solomoukha Edith Dekyndt Stefan Kern Tatiana Trouvé herman de vries Bouchra Khalili Hui-min Tsen Peter Downsbrough Bertrand Lamarche Marie Voignier Philippe Durand Vincent Lamouroux Steve Wetzel Jimmie Durham Mark Leckey Raphaël Zarka Table of Contents
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  • Yona Friedman Papers, 1956-2006
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8p84hgg No online items Preliminary Inventory of the Yona Friedman Papers, 1956-2006 Polly Hunter and Ann Harrison Preliminary Inventory of the Yona 2008.M.51 1 Friedman Papers, 1956-2006 Descriptive Summary Title: Yona Friedman papers Date (inclusive): 1956-2006 Number: 2008.M.51 Creator/Collector: Friedman, Yona Physical Description: 75.8 Linear Feet(161 boxes, 15 flatfiles, 5 boxed rolls) Repository: The Getty Research Institute Special Collections 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100 Los Angeles 90049-1688 [email protected] URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10020/askref (310) 440-7390 Abstract: The Yona Friedman papers contain manuscripts, sketches and drawings, and photographs and slides documenting the broad intellectual activity of this visionary architect and planner. In his primary role as a theoretician, Friedman was a key participant in many of the defining architectural discussions of the second half of the twentieth century, including topics such as megastructures, prefabrication and modular construction, adaptability and participatory design. Request Materials: Request access to the physical materials described in this inventory through the catalog record for this collection. Click here for the access policy . Language: Collection material is primarily in French and English Biographical/Historical Note Yona Friedman has spent his almost seventy-year career defying definition and categories. Architect, urbanist, filmmaker, sociologist, theoretician, philosopher, economist, mathematician, physicist, artist-Friedman is all, and yet not precisely any, of these, as the vocations are usually interpreted. The roles of architect and urbanist may weave the most consistent thread through his long history, but Friedman's work forces a re-evaluation of what it means to be either of these.
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  • YONA FRIEDMAN | Solo Show
    YONA FRIEDMAN | Solo show Yona Friedman, Extensions to the Georges Pompidou Center, 2008. Courtesy of the artist. YONA FRIEDMAN Solo show March 18th - April 15th, 2017 Public opening and performance on the Pompidou Center piazza Saturday, March 18th Dossier de presse YONA FRIEDMAN | Solo show YONA FRIEDMAN - solo show March 18th - April 15th, 2017 Public opening and performance on Saturday, March 18th Galerie Jérôme Poggi is proud to collaborate for the first time with Yona Friedman. A solo exhibition will be devoted to him from March 18th to April 15th, 2017. On the occasion of the opening, Saturday, March 18th, a public performance will be organised on the Pompidou Center piazza, in partnership with the Centre National Edition Art Image (CNEAI) and Pompidou Center. The gallery will also dedicate a solo show to Yona Friedman in May during the Loop vidéo art fair, in Barcelona. News Loop, Barcelona (ES) The African tales May 25th - 27th, 2017 Galerie Jérôme Poggi is proud to present for the first time Yona Friedman at LOOP vidéo art fair. The African tales are a series of ten films produced by Yona Friedman and his wife Denise Charvein, between 1960 and 1963. The animations are produced from wooden blocs, carved and assembled to create the different scenes. The soundtrack primary material is the UNESCO African music library, and each film being inspired by an ancestral African tale. Broadcasted in Africa by ethnologist and moviemaker Jean Roch, they encountered great success. Lost until 2007, they were restored with the help of CNEAI= (National Center for Edition, Art and Image).
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  • YONA FRIEDMAN Mobile Architecture, People’S Architecture
    YONA FRIEDMAN Mobile Architecture, People’s Architecture 23 rd June – 29 th October 2017 www.maxxi.art “My understanding of architecture is very similar to my understanding of music: anyone can build, just like anyone can sing; however, some singers are so prepared that they become artists” (Yona Friedman, 2017) Rome, May 2017 . The MAXXI dedicates the YONA FRIEDMAN. Mobile Architecture, People’s Architecture exhibition, curated by Gong Yan and Elena Motisi, which shall take place from 23 rd June to 29 th October 2017 to Yona Friedman (Budapest 1923), a legendary architect, an exuberant, creative artist transcending disciplines, whose thinking is extraordinarily relevant. This exhibition, which was organised by Power Station of Art , Shanghai – where it was presented in 2015 – is now hosted by the MAXXI with a new outfitting, conceived together with the architect. Friedman – who built an apparently floating modular structure in 2016 for the Serpentine Gallery of London – believes that anyone can use simple, flexible mobile structures to design and build their own architecture, such as houses and the “spatial cities” that fluctuate over real cities. On the occasion of the MAXXI exhibition, Yona Friedman’s famous Ville Spatiale reaches Rome, and brings a fragment, which interacts with the unpublished graphic elaborations hanging on the walls, into the museum. But there is more: the exhibition includes unpublished drawings dating back to the 60s, his mobile and “improvised” structures and the instructions required to build them, photomontages, videos and a collection of animation films . Given that Friedman believes that contemporary museums should exhibit what really matters for people, he has created a temporary Street Museum containing objects that belong to citizens, which have been collected thanks to an open call by the museum.
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  • Urban Mobility – Architectures, Geographies and Social Space
    Nordisk Arkitekturforskning The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Proceedings Series 2017-1 URBAN MOBILITY – ARCHITECTURES, GEOGRAPHIES AND SOCIAL SPACE Editors: Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn Nordisk Arkitekturforskning The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Proceedings Series 2017-1 URBAN MOBILITY – ARCHITECTURES, GEOGRAPHIES AND SOCIAL SPACE URBAN MOBILITY – ARCHITECTURES, GEOGRAPHIES AND SOCIAL SPACE 1 URBAN MOBILITY – ARCHITECTURES, GEOGRAPHIES AND SOCIAL SPACE Proceeding Series 2017:1 PUBLISHER Nordic Academic Press of Architectural Research Homepage: http://arkitekturforskning.net/na EDITORS Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn GRAPHIC DESIGN Ole Tolstad, NTNU COPY-EDITING Dawn Michelle d´Atri PRINTING NTNU Grafisk senter HOMEPAGE http.// arkitekturforskning.net/na © 2017 NAAR and authors. All rights reserved. The authors are responsible for copyrights for photographs, illustrations and images in their chapter. ISBN 978-91-983797-1-6 FINANCIAL SUPPORT Stiftelsen Svensk-danska kulturfonden N A F / N A A R 2 NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING – THE NORDIC ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH CONTENT 5 FOREWORD Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn 7 INTRODUCTION Anne Elisabeth Toft and Magnus Rönn 13 INSTANT URBANISM AND THE POLITICS OF MOBILE ARCHITECTURE David Pinder 45 WORKING WITH THE BACKSIDE OF URBAN MOBILITY: STRATEGIC DESIGN FOR RURAL DECLINE Anne Tietjen 69 MOBILITIES DESIGN – ON THE WAY THROUGH UNHEEDED MOBILITIES SPACES Ditte Bendix Lanng, Simon Wind and Ole B. Jensen 85 MOBILE PLACE-MAKING ON AN EVERYDAY
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  • Yona Friedman's Roofs: Manuals for Simple, Low-Cost Building
    Yona Friedman’s Roofs: manuals for simple, low-cost building Andrea Bocco1,a, Emiliano Cruz Michelena Valcárcel1,b, Laura Trovato1,c 1DIST-Politecnico di Torino, viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Yona Friedman, low-tech, low cost, bamboo construction, learning by doing. Abstract. Since 1973, Yona Friedman, architect, born in Hungary in 1923, used the “manual” as a method of providing information to those unable to decipher technical drawings. The communication was entrusted to very schematic drawings, similar to comics, coupled with short texts. Manuals – mostly produced thanks to the support of UN agencies – were intended to transmit easy techniques regarding the basics of survival, i.e. shelter and food. The privileged recipients were slum dwellers. In his book L’architecture de survie, Friedman explained his lucid vision of an impoverished world, where in “developing” and industrialized countries alike, conditions of scarcity will be common and the question of survival will be urgent, even more so in cities. The only effective way to ensure the survival of the poor would be to support their autonomous development of feasible solutions. The manuals collected in Roofs contain a number of techniques suitable for people without building skills. Most involve the use of natural materials and include many different solutions for bamboo domes, which Eda Schaur and Yona Friedman used in the Museum of Simple Technologies they built in Madras in 1987. The techniques – chosen because of ease of use and low cost – have also important ramifications in terms of autonomy and environmental impact, and are the subject of sometimes advanced research carried out in rich countries.
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