Some Notes on the Manor of East Tytherley
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SOME NOTES ON THE MANOR OF EAST TYTHERLEY. BY MRS. SUCKLING. WHEN the Hampshire Field Club visited East Tytherley in 1904 the late Mr. Shore alluded to the generally accepted tradition that two .of the tenants of the Manor fought for Harold and were slain at Hastings. More documents are now available to aid research, and in the " Victoria History of Hampshire " is a translation of the Domesday Survey of 1086. At that date both East and West Tytherley were held by tenants under the King, but only in the Tytherley held by " Alwi, the son of Saulf," are there mills—namely, two, which stood on the site of Holbury Mill and Ford Mill—because in East Tytherley there was water to turn them.. Unfortunately, this rules out the Hastings story, for it is clearly of West Tytherley that Domesday relates that " It was held by Alwin, the son of Turber," whose tenancy, however, was disputed, because there was no evidence that his predecessor's rights had ever been confirmed by King William. This predecessor was probably one of the three tenants who held West Tytherley as three manors under Edward the Confessor, for Domesday continues, " Two of these who held the manor were slain at the battle of Hastings," evidently suggesting that the third would not have been likely to have been approved by King William. His name was also Alwin, but above it in small letters is the word " Ret." Possibly the scribe in- tended to alter Alwin into Alured (see " V. C. H. Hants," I, 505). In 1086, at the time of the Domesday Survey, the manor of Tytherley included lands in Holbury and Lockerley, which continued to extend into Lockerley parish after the members of Holbury and Lockerley had been separated .from the main manor. ' '' B 2 Assessments in the Pipe Rolls of Henry II seem to indicate that the Tytherleys were still held by the Crown ; in 1168 there had been, serious trouble in the district. Two years earlier Alan de Neville, as King's Marshal, had held an assise of the New Forest, with -the result that the Sheriff accounts, in the Pipe Rolls, for 6s. 8d. recovered from the effects (sold) of Roger Bentley, 19s. 2d. from the chattels of those who had fled from justice, and the Tithings, of Tytherley had been fined one mark for failure to arrest and to deliver to justice a fellow who had escaped. As Roger Bentley had not been fined, in that case he would have had to personally account for the money, and he was not included in the general item concerning those who fled; it can only be assumed that he was hanged: Towards the end of the twelfth century the manor was held by the family of de Columbieres, who took their name from Columbieres, near Bayeux, in Normandy, and first settled in Kent. They were hereditary cupbearers to the Crown—probably from the Norman Court—and are therefore often referred to as the Coparius or Cuparius, whence their descendants became Cooper. Thomas de Columbars, who was lord of East Tytherley between 1195 and 1229, held in 1196 (" Feet of Fines, Hants, 13th Henry III "), with •other possessions, one hide of land in Lockerley, and gave to the Priory of St. Denys by Southampton his half of Basset's 'Mill, which.stood upon the site of the present " Ford Mill" at Lockerley. Thomas was the father of Michael de Columbars, Governor of Winchester Castle, and of Mathew, his heir, who, on suc- ceeding to his father's lordship, granted the Church of Tiderleg, together with certain lands belonging to it, to the Priory of St. Denys (Add. MSS., 15314, for. md), and the appropria- tion was confirmed by Bishop Orleton in 1334. In 1207 Michael gave 200 marks for leave to marry Alice de Croc, the daughter of Elias de Croc (" Additions to- Dugdale's Baron- age "), who'was a descendant of Croc the Huntsman, the holder of Crux Easton Manor at the Domesday Survey. By this •marriage he was to have the office of forester at Elias Croc's death, " but he died in 1234, and his widow; as daughter and 3 heiress of Elias Croc, had livery of the bailewick of the Forest of. Chute until her death in 1258." Francis Townsend, Windsor Herald, in his "Additions to Dugdale;s Baronage," says that:—'•' Michael de Columbars, who in Anno 1st John gave 200 marks to the King-to marry Avice, the daughter of Elias Croc (and was probably brother of that Mathew who was one of the Governors of Winchester Castle in 1199), was the father of Mathew, who married Maud de Morville ; that Avice, the widow of Michael, died in the 43rd Henry III, leaving Mathew, her son and heir, 40 years old ; that the said Mathew died in first of Edward I (1272) without issue by the said Maud de Morville, leaving Michael, his brother and heir, sixty years old. And that Maud, the widow of Mathew, married Henry de Cobham." He bore Gules, on a chevron three estoiles ("The Feudal Coats of Arms,-Edward II Roll "). Michael de Columbars " inclosed the park at Tiderleg with a ditch and hedge," and was succeeded by his son Gilbert; who " confirmed his father's gift of Tiderleg Church with the consent of Mathew, his son and heir " (Add. MSS., 15314, fol. 111^). In the St. Denys Cartulary Gilbert is clearly described as son and heir of Michael and father of Mathew, and on the same authority it is stated that he " kept his court at Tiderleg." He died before 1244, and was followed in the lordship ,of the manor by his son Mathew, who was " aged 40 and more," in 1257. In the year 1245 "he paid 100 marks for leave to-keep the park of Tiderleg inclosed and to inclose his grove at Holbury, called Caufaunde, and another Grove at Tiderleg called Norston, so'that the beasts of the chase may have-free entry and exit." Thomas de Columbars had a small manor (held at the Con- quest by Alwi), which is believed to comprise- the present " Lbckerley Water Farm." It is recounted that Mathew enlarged this manor in 1241, and in-. 1271 received a grant of a weekly market on a Wednesday at his Manor of Lockerley, and a yearly Fair on the Eve of St. John Baptist ("Gal. 'Char. R.," 1257-1300, p. 177). In 1259-60 the same Mathew was Governor of Salisbury Castle, and was one of the rebel barons at the Battle of. Lewes, but made his peace by B 2 •4 the. Dictum de Kenilworth. This Dictum was that each should compound for his rebellion by forfeiting five years' rent of his lands and estates; on making his peace with the King, he received a grant for his good service—" that he and his heirs should be quit of the lawing of their dogs within the Manor of Tiderleg, with its members of Holbury and Lockerley, which were within the metes of the Forest of Buckholt." The lawing of dogs in the ancient law of .the Forest was to cut off the claws of the dog's fore-feet every three years for the preservation of the King's game. The arms of Maheu de Columbars are given in the Roll of Henry III as " Argent, a chief Gules." Foster's " Feudal Coats of Arms " gives the following :—" Maheu de Columbars (Henry III. Roll) bore (i) Argent a chief Gules, Glover Roll ; (2) (Edward III) Gules a chief Argent, a cross recercelee counterchanged; jenyn's Ordinary. In St. George and Arden Rolls the chief becomes per fesse argent and gules, and the cross moline counterchanged." He was married in the year 1237 to Maud, daughter, and heiress of Eudo de Morville (" Gal. Close Rolls," 1270-88, p. 161), but died childless in 1273, when his brother Michael was found to be " his next heir and sixty years of age and more." The Morville arms were an Eagle displayed. Henry de Cobham bore Gules, on a chevron or three fleurs-de-lys azure (Ed. II Roll). There was a Robertas Columbars of Wiltshire who bore a cross patty fitchee temps Henry III, and a family of five Philip de Columbars in succession at Stowey in Somerset, beginning in 1155 and ending 1343 in Philip Baron Columbars, who died s.p., and bore Gules, a bend or, a label of three points argent. Mathew'.s widow married Henry, son of John de Cobham, in Kent; and -rfichola, daughter and heiress of Michael, became the wife of John de Lisle of the Isle of Wight. So ended the lordship of the Columbars, who must so often have worshipped within the thirteenth-century, church at Tytherley, and-may even have given the mitred and mass-robed figures in the glass of that period still to be seen in the porch. 5 Thomas de Columbars, of .= Elyas Croc, son and heir. East Tytherley (1196; I of Mathew Croc;"held living 1229). j Croc's Easton. I . Mathew Columbars, Michael de Columbars=Avice, daughter and Governor of Winchester held E: Tytherley' 'heiress (married 1207- Castle 1st John v(d. 1235). 8 ; died 1257-8). (1199-1200).' Gilbert de Mathew deColu'mbars=Maud, daughter Michael.de Col- Columbars, aged 40 and more in - and heiress of umbars, heir to held Court at 1257-8; held Tyther- Eudo de Morville;, his brother, E. Tytherley, ley in 1242 (died married sec- Mathew, aged (dead in 1242). 1273). ondly Henry de 60 and more .