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GRE ® Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book This practice book contains ◾ one actual, full-length GRE® Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test ◾ test-taking strategies Become familiar with ◾ test structure and content ◾ test instructions and answering procedures Compare your practice test results with the performance of those who took the test at a GRE administration. www.ets.org/gre Table of Contents Overview ..................................................................................................................................................3 Test Content ............................................................................................................................................3 Preparing for the Test ...............................................................................................................................5 Test-Taking Strategies ..............................................................................................................................5 What Your Scores Mean ..........................................................................................................................6 Taking the Practice Test ..........................................................................................................................6 Scoring the Practice Test .........................................................................................................................6 Evaluating Your Performance ..................................................................................................................7 Practice Test .............................................................................................................................................9 Worksheet for Scoring the Practice Test ...............................................................................................58 Score Conversion Table .........................................................................................................................59 Answer Sheet .........................................................................................................................................60 Test takers with disabilities or health-related needs who need test preparation materials in an alternate format should contact the ETS Office of Disability Services [email protected] . For additional information, visit www.ets.org/gre/disabilities. Copyright © 2016 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, and GRE are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States and other countries. MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING is a trademark of ETS. 007884-72507 GRE Biochemistry Test Practice Book • Dr01 4/17/08 ta • Dr02 5/7/08 ta • Dr03 5/20/08 ta • [NEW 108353] • CS6 • Dr01 5/1/15 jw • Dr02 6/1/15 jw • Dr03 6/11/15 jw • Dr03 int1 6/15/15 jw • Dr04 6/22/15 jw • [New Job] 007884-113203 Drft01 3/22/16 ew • PDF-ACC Drft01 3/28/16 ew Overview The three subscore areas are interrelated. Because of these interrelationships, individual questions or sets of The GRE® Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology questions may test more than one content area. Test consists of approximately 170 multiple-choice Therefore, the relative emphases of the three areas in questions, a number of which are grouped in sets the following content outline should not be considered toward the end of the test and based on descriptions of definitive. Likewise, the topics listed are not intended to laboratory situations, diagrams or experimental results. be all-inclusive but, rather, representative of the typical Testing time is 2 hours and 50 minutes; there are no undergraduate experience. separately-timed sections. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the GRE Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology I. Biochemistry (36%) Test to help you get ready for test day. It is designed to A. Chemical and Physical Foundations help you: Thermodynamics and kinetics • Understand what is being tested Redox states • Gain familiarity with the question types Water, pH, acid-base reactions and buffers • Review test-taking strategies Solutions and equilibria • Understand scoring Solute-solvent interactions • Practice taking the test Chemical interactions and bonding To learn more about the GRE Subject Tests, visit Chemical reaction mechanisms www.ets.org/gre. B. Structural Biology: Structure, Assembly, Organization, and Dynamics Small molecules Test Content Macromolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, The content of the test is organized into three major polysaccharides, polypeptides, complex areas: biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology lipids) and genetics. In addition to the total score, a subscore Supramolecular complexes (e.g., membranes, in each of these subfield areas is reported. Because these ribosomes, multienzyme complexes) three disciplines are basic to the study of all organisms, Macromolecular structure and function test questions encompass both eukaryotes and C. Catalysis and Binding prokaryotes. Throughout the test, there is an emphasis Enzyme reaction mechanisms and kinetics on questions requiring problem-solving skills (including Ligand-protein interaction (e.g., receptors, mathematical calculations that do not require the use of substrates and effectors, transport proteins, a calculator) as well as content knowledge. While only antigen-antibody interactions) two content areas in the following outline specifically Interplay between structure and function mention methodology, questions on methodology and data interpretation are included in all sections. D. Major Metabolic Pathways Because of the diversity of undergraduate curricula, Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur assimilation few test takers will have encountered all of the topics in Anabolism the content outline. Consequently, no test taker should Catabolism expect to be able to answer all questions on the edition Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules of the test he or she takes. E. Bioenergetics Energy transformations at the substrate level Electron transport Proton and chemical gradients Energy coupling (e.g., phosphorylation, transport) GRE Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book 3 | Page F. Regulation and Integration of Metabolism D. Protein, Processing, Targeting, and Turnover Covalent modification of enzymes Translocation across membranes Allosteric regulation Posttranslational modification Compartmentation Intracellular trafficking Hormones Secretion and endocytosis G. Methods Protein turnover (e.g., proteosomes, Biophysical approaches (e.g., spectroscopy, lysosomes, damaged protein response) x-ray crystallography, mass spectroscopy) E. Cell Division, Differentiation and Development Isotopes Cell cycle, mitosis, and cytokinesis Separation techniques (e.g., centrifugation, Meiosis and gametogenesis chromatography, electrophoresis) Fertilization and early embryonic Immunotechniques development (including positional Macromolecular structure information, homeotic genes, tissue- specific expression, nuclear and cytoplasmic II. Cell Biology (28%) interactions, growth factors and induction, environment, stem cells and polarity) Methods of importance to cellular biology, such Stem cells (embryonic and adult, roles in as fluorescence probes (e.g., FRAP, FRET, GFP), development) imaging, cell sorting, and proteomics will be covered as appropriate within the context of the III. Molecular Biology and Genetics (36%) content below. A. Genetic Foundations A. Cellular Compartments of Prokaryotes and Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance Eukaryotes: Organization, Dynamics and Transformation, transduction, and Functions conjugation Cellular membrane systems (e.g., structure, Recombination and complementation function, transport across membranes, water Mutational analysis regulation) Genetic mapping and linkage analysis Nucleus (e.g., envelope, matrix, nuclear transport) B. Chromatin and Chromosomes Mitochondria and chloroplasts (e.g. general Karyotypes and genetic diagnostics function, biogenesis and evolution) Translocations, inversions, deletions, and duplications B. Cell Surface and Communication (in context of Aneuploidy and polyploidy development and adult organisms) Structure Extracellular matrix (including cell walls) Epigenetics Cell adhesion and junctions Signal transduction C. Genomics Receptor function Genome structure Excitable membrane systems Physical mapping Repeated DNA and gene families C. Cytoskeleton, Motility, and Shape Gene identification Regulation of assembly and disassembly of Transposable elements filament systems Bioinformatics Motor function, regulation, and diversity Molecular evolution Muscle function Cell motility 4 | Page GRE Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book D. Genome Maintenance Preparing for the Test DNA replication DNA damage and repair GRE Subject Test questions are designed to measure DNA modification skills and knowledge gained over a long period of time. DNA recombination and gene conversion Although you might increase your scores to some extent through preparation a few weeks or months before you E. Gene Expression take the test, last minute cramming is unlikely to be of The genetic code further help. The following information may be helpful. Transcription/transcriptional profiling RNA processing • A general review of your college courses is Translation probably the best preparation for the test. However, the test covers a broad range
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