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2/2013 Volume 3 Socioekonomické a humanitní studie Studies of Socio-Economics and Humanities 2/2013 Volume 3 EDITORIAL .......................................................................................................................................................... 04 STATĚ / ARTICLES LUBOMÍR CIVÍN ......................................................................................................................................... 05 Některé metodologické problémy spojené se studiem procesů globalizace ve světové ekonomice / Some methodological problems associated with the study of the processes of globalization in the world economy RÓBERT JÁGER ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Ústavno - právne usporiadanie Uhorska podľa Jozefa Hložanského / Jozef Hložanský´s constitutional concept of Hungary STANISLAV HECZKO ................................................................................................................................. 22 Demografi cké výzvy ve světě a u nás / The demographic challenges in the world and in our country FRANTIŠEK PAVELKA ...............................................................................................................................37 Synergické účinky českého bankovního sektoru / Synergistic effects of Czech banking OLEKSIY PLASTUN, V’YACHESLAV PLASTUN ...................................................................................... 43 Případy vyšší moci a chování fi nančních trhů / Force-majeure events and fi nancial market’s behavior SLAVOMÍRA SVÁTKOVÁ ........................................................................................................................... 60 Dvacet let samostatnosti spotřebních daní v české daňové soustavě / Twenty years of excise taxes independence in Czech tax system LUKÁŠ URBAN .......................................................................................................................................... 75 Sociálně patologické jevy ve virtuálním světě. Dítě jako oběť a pachatel Socially pathological phenomena in the virtual world. The child as victim and offender AKTUÁLNÍ TÉMA / CURRENT TOPIC GULFAYRUS KABDULOVNA ZHAPEKOVA, GAUHAR GALYMOVNA AKHMETOVA ............................. 86 Svět náboženství v Kazachstánu a význam teologických znalostí / The world of religions in Kazakhstan and the meaning of theological knowledge Socioekonomické a humanitní studie, 2/2013, Vol. 3 EDITORIAL Vážení čtenáři, Dear readers, dostává se Vám do rukou nové číslo našeho vědeckého You are holding a new issue of our scientifi c journal. We časopisu. Chtěli bychom Vám v něm nabídnout zajímavé would like to offer you interesting and inspirational arti- a inspirativní statě z oblasti výzkumu realizovaného ne- cles from the fi eld of research, not only from the Banking jen na Bankovním institutu vysoké škole, ale i na jiných Institute / College of Banking, but also from other institu- institucích terciárního vzdělávání jak v České republice, tions of tertiary education in the Czech Republic as well tak i v zahraničí. as abroad. Ve snaze zvýšit prestiž, a tím i okruh potenciálních při- In an effort to increase the prestige and sphere of po- spěvatelů, byla v letošním roce realizátory tohoto perio- tential contributors, implementers of this periodical was dika podaná žádost o zařazení na Seznam recenzova- brought a request this year for inclusion on the List of ných neimpaktovaných periodik v České republice a též reviewed non-impact journals in the Czech Republic and do světové databáze SCOPUS. also to the world database SCOPUS. Jde o další krok na dlouhé cestě vytvořit z našeho časo- This is next step on a long way to make our journal rec- pisu uznávané odborné periodikum. ognized professional periodical. Významné slovo budete mít vždy Vy, naši čtenáři. Jsme Dear readers, you will always have the signifi cant word. nakloněni otevřené diskusi, Vašim nápadům, námětům We are inclined to open discussion, your ideas, recom- a doporučením. Vítáme nová témata a nové autory kva- mendations and advice. We welcome the new topics and litních odborných statí. new authors of high-quality papers. Těšíme se na oboustranně prospěšnou spolupráci. We are looking forward to mutually benefi cial coo- redakce peration The Editors 4 NĚKTERÉ METODOLOGICKÉ PROBLÉMY SPOJENÉ SE STUDIEM PROCESŮ GLOBALIZACE VE SVĚTOVÉ EKONOMICE SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STUDY OF THE PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE WORLD ECONOMY Lubomír Civín ABSTRAKT ABSTRACT Stať analyzuje potřebu nového přístupu k metodologii The paper analyzes the need for a new approach to výzkumu globální ekonomiky a změnám paradigmatu research methodology of global economy and a para- v jeho ekonomické teorii, stejně tak jako v praxi hos- digm shift in its economic theory, as well as in practices podářské politiky vlád a mezinárodních institucí. Tato of economic policies of governments and international potřeba vyvstává nejen z dosažené úrovně globalizace institutions. This need arises not only from the achieved a její negativních ekonomických, sociálních, ekologic- level of globalization and its negative economic, social, kých a dalších důsledků. Současná hloubka i šíře celo- environmental and others consequences. Current global světové hospodářské a fi nanční krize rovněž naznačuje, economic and fi nancial crisis, its depth and scope also že další vývoj globální ekonomiky nemusí nutně přinést suggest that further development of the global economy dominanci ekonomického růstu a jeho sledování pomocí does not necessarily bring the dominance of economic tradičních ukazatelů, jako zachování jednoho z hlav- growth and its monitoring using the traditional indicators ních paradigmat dosavadní ekonomické teorie. Změna as one of the main paradigms of present economic the- metodiky analýzy aktuálního vývoje světové ekonomiky ory. Change in methodology analyzing current develop- směrem k interdisciplinaritě a holistickému přístupu, ments of the world economy, towards an interdisciplinar- které jsou v poslední době používány stále víc a obšír- ity and holistic approach, which is used more and more něji, taky potvrzuje navrhovanou hypotézu o nezbytnosti widely and recently, confi rms presented hypothesis of změny paradigmatu. necessity of this paradigm shift too. Klíčová slova: Keywords: teorie globální ekonomiky, změny paradigmatu ekono- theory of global economy, paradigms changes of eco- mické teorie a politiky, metodologie vědeckého zkoumá- nomic theory and policy, methodology of scientifi c re- ní, ekonomický růst search, economic growth 5 INTRODUCTION and no more adapted to the search for answers to these questions addressing some anomalies both in terms of The process of globalization creates new challenges for theory and practice. If these anomalies accumulate too the fi nancial and the real economy, both on a macro and much, there is a search for a new paradigm, and after the micro level. The fi nancial crisis has deeply infl uenced completion of this process, the so-called normal science most countries of the world and showed the link across re-occurs. The new paradigm then wins in competition the fi nancial economy (including government sector), the with others, but they are mutually incomparable, as ser- real economy and their considerable interaction at the ved so different view of the world that cannot be eva- macro and micro-economical level. luated on the basis of one another. Adoption of the new paradigm is a revolution in world view, which is due to the Many professionals and experts in economic theory and fact that a paradigm consists of perception and assump- practice were taken by surprise with this development; tion itself is a kind of platform on the basis of which we the depth, width of its range. They were neither ready nor perceive the world in some different way. able to seek and fi nd the corresponding complex theo- retical and practical solutions, not only at national but That concept of a paradigm shift of science is very con- also at international level. The lack of theoretical basis venient to characterize the current situation of fumbling is transferred to the helplessness politicians in search in economic theory examining global economic deve- of adequate economic and political models of solution; lopment, but also on the overall economic and political what fi nancial markets refl ect in the form of high volatility, practice. This state has a very negative impact on the increased sensitivity to potential risks, which has a major character of the entire world economy development. It impact on the further deepening of the crisis and looping is possible, therefore, to believe that the search for fi n- paths representing possible ways out of the crisis. ding long-term and fundamental solutions to the current global economic crisis will require some form of the The depth of the problem, the inability to fi nd new ways scientifi c revolution, through alteration of paradigm in the out of this situation brings with it ever more intense need theory exploring the world economy, but maybe even the to search for substantial changes in approaches to eco- whole economic theory at the level of macro-and micro- nomic theory, the problem analysis and interpretation of economics. its results and their application to the needs of the ove- rall political practice management structures of today‘s Paradigm shift in exploring the global economy require world (the global economy). Each of these components mainly:
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