386
MANUAL BOOK SYSTEM CHECKLIST
Before proceeding any futher~ make sure that everythi ng you have purchased is in good physical cond~tion. If a nything i s obviously damaged or missing~ contact your dealer immediatl y . c .:
Carefully unpack the s ystem unit~ keyboard~ cable s ~ d i skette i : : MS-DOS and System Utilities Diskette~ one c o py o f this manual and two keys . Check that the items listed b e l ow a re in your possesion and in g o od condition VE d E
s ~
SYSTEM CHECKUST
NDTE Ke ep al l pac kag i ng material and b o xes. You Nill nee d t he m for r epack i ng ano t her location . ABOUT CAHCE
The idea of cache memory is that some active portion of the low speed memory is stored in duplicate~ in higher-speed cache memory. Whwn a memory request is generted~ the request is first presented to main memory.
Thus~ a cache ma i n board is designed to perform as a very efficient hierarchical memory system~ while the memory devices needed is a v ery low-cost. Following, is the detailed specification of this SPM386 / CACHE main board.
2 SPECIFICATIONS
* Standard AT Size * 100% IBM PC/AT Compatible * Support 80486 CPU Running at 20/25/33/50 in 1X clock * Support 80386 CPU Running at 33/40 in 2X clock * Support 80387 Coprocessor * Support cache size 64/128/256 KB * Support two banka DRAM with memory size up to 32MB * Support mixable 256 KB/1MB/4Mb DRAM moduls * Programable DRAM wait States * Supoort 256 Kb or 384 KB relocation to the top of DRAM memory * Support sophisticated shadow RAM for video and system BIOS. * Supoort fast gate A20 and fast CPU reset to optimize OS/2 operations. * Syncronous AT bus clock with programable clock (divided b 2,3,4,5,6,7,8) * Support parity generation and checking * 4-layer PCB with surface mounting technologi * support 6 AT Slots * Supoort 1 MCA slot for 486 local bus add-on cards TABLE OF . CONTENTS
1 . INTRODUCTION LOOK AT _ :86 L Main Board User's Manu a 1 page 1-1 to 1-2.
2. MEMORY CONFIGURATION Look at 386 L Main Board user's Manual page 2-1 to 2-3
3. JUMPER SETTIKG AKD CO~NECTORS Look. at .386 t~ > Main Board user's Manual page 3-1 to 3-4
4 . SYSTEM I?\STALATION Look at :861 Main Board user's Manual page 4-1 to 4-2
5. BUILT-IN BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Look at 386t 1lai n Board user's Manual page 5-1 to 5-lS
4 Your computer unit i s available for 115V or 230V of vo ltage CONN selection. The power selector switch is situated o n the front side of the power supply in the system unit. Slide the power Befo selector switch to the correct voltage setting. Make sure oper that the voltage option selected matches the power source. mC:t.rk prin CONNECTING YOUR SYSTEM lang prop Before installing your system, check that the power source is c1nd properly ground e d~ and confirm that the monitor and all the peripherals have been turned off. A pp
CONNECTING THE MONITOR If y If your mon itor is a monochrome display, your system must be para installed with a Monochrome Display Adaptet- or a video dis- pl<.:<.y adc:'•. pt.E~t ·- +. 1-•i'<.t. ,__.,__,:i..JJ .;:,-.. monocht~ome :-:,c:;nitc:.:ot·-·.
1.
Connecting monochrome monitor Orient the system unit s o that you have access to the rear panel. Connect the power and signal cables to their proper connectors on the rear panel. A SE
If y seri ·'- -·· ' '' the video monitor only if the monitor is rated and set for t he same .,/C) 1 t C:•. •;i F: ·:::: 1.. i. p p ] .i (? d 1... j:· t. hE.· C C.• !TI p U. t E· ,.-· ~- \,. S:- ·1.: i;7: iT1 .. I ·f t . he iTJ C• r; .i t. CJ r- .i t7, r- a. -l::.(·?:.* cJ ·r •::• t- cl i ·f ·f r2 :'-t.::·! ··~ t \/C) 1 t-::1.(1 e C• r- h -~- =· t=\ c! .::_ ·f ·f e r-=:·n t t -~./ p;::f! of pluu :i.. ·!::. :~.: · ··u'. .!.!.d b·:=.· c:c•nn·=.·c: tec:l d j_;-- ·· e=-t:J. ·y' teo E•. r.. ;b -=•ppr-o p t- j_ a. t E• c: :.i. . r ·· c: lJ :: t:. .. Othe comp tor-. CONNECTING THE PRINTER
Before proceeding, determine your printer type from is operation manual. Several different types are currently marketed. You can choose from parallel, serial, or graphics printers. If .you need to print doc uments in Europea n langguage, you will need a printer which can do the job properly. This manual will show y ou how to interface parallel and serial printers.
A PARALLEL PRINTER
If you have a parallel printer, i~ must be connectPd to the parallel printer connector.
lJJAF:t~ I NG ~ Connecting a parallel printer to the serial (RS-232) connector will cause permaner t damage to the system unit
A SERIAL PRINTER - . ... ~~- ..
If you use a serial printer, 1 be connected to the serial (RS-232) interfac~ connected.
~~~-"----m m~~ / }_' ., ~ .. <::::::::::::~ j!t11 : ~ Other serial (RS-232) devi c es suc h a s: modem~ terminal or host computer can also be connected to ~ he serial (RS-232) connec tor·. OONNECUNG THE ~.R SOlillCH i d First, connect the PfJ\·H:! r· cord to the :.:;y:.:;tem tmit. · Plug one d end of the power c.or·d to the system unit, and the other· E.·nu d to a grounded wall outlet.
Make sure that the power· to th1..· system nn.l t is not on Lha. L the head pr·otection ::-;heet i~; n,-move fr·orn the dif;kc!t Le dr-ive.
I LOADING THE OOS SYSTEM DJSKELfE A n c Insert the OOS syst.1:."!! into Lbe dc:i.ve A: . If you havf~ a Har·disk and the ros iB al h:·eady loaded in to it, then you n'-"ed not insert the DOS r~y;-';tf:UJ dL:kette into drivt! A:.
TURNING ON THE rowER INPUT
Turn on the power of the Video mrJrLi.tor ( if you monitor· i s not a monochrome display monitm· ) . 0 Turn on the power of your.· :.:;ystem urtit. Do not press any e keyboard key is pr·e<:~sE:d ·j _ ;~:.mediat.elly after· power-on, a key- board er·ror massage wilJ. displa.yed. f
SOME SYSTEM MESSAGES
After turning on the syst.em pm.Jt~r, you will see fo1}uwing message ; I t
(Look at US3486 Main Board User-s Manual) Page 4-4 to 4-6.
T b
7 if you didn, t insert the system diskette or· o.ny bo()table disktte or any boatable diskette in dr·ive A: , and no har·d disk with resident [:OS it: avai lubh:. thi::; ruensage will be displayed :
Non-system disk or disk error Replace disk and a1..rike any key
Inser·t the system diskeU:.E:· or ;_my bootablf.~ dii:!lwt te ln drive A: and press any key. If your· syBtern ·.i.E~ <-J net-:~ one that has not yet been configticed, or- when :it baa beeo -jnc"
(Look at US3486 Main Board Uuur~ u Manual) page 4-7 to 4- 10
Other BIOS self test c~ r-r. · or mc!ssage may be displayed. For example, whenever- you conf:i.@ .H'( :~d the memor·y size deffcr·mrL form that installed in the sy0tern. You 1-1ill s1~·e :
MmllRY SIZE ERROR - RUN -SETUP
If there no second hur·d djsk installed, but in the conLi.gnr·a ti.on you specifi a second l:v.. rr-d disk, you will see :
ERROR ENOOUNTERED INITIALIZING HARD DRIVE 1
The folowing erro-r- mF:.ssu.ge i~; displayed only lofhenuver.· the battery is low_, or when you .st;H·t the computer w:i.th hHtter-y not connected. co CMOS RAM ERROR~ CHECK BATTERY/RUN SETUP
Press the function key Fl. The following message is displayed CH
Current date is Sun 7-05-1987 If Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):_ co
If you do not wish to change the date~ press Enter. To enter Af the current date~ type the month~ date~ then y ear~ and press th Enter. Only numbers are accepted; t yping any other character th will cause the operating system to prompt you to reenter the te date. The nmointh~ date and year should each be separated by Bu II " / " CJr- II da sy re You will then see th ~ fo llowi ng time promft di Current time is 0:00:55.28 n- Enter new time : cu
If you wish to enter the correct time, the format is
hour:minute:second.hundredth of a second
The version numbe r of the MS - DOS operating system you are using and other message will then be displa. The Dos prompt "A>" ..
If your hard disk C h asa been installed DOS~ when the error 11 11 messa.ges a.ppeat- !' r·~-ec.:;s;. F J.. <:<.1-tCI tt-·te DDS wi 11 pr-ompt C> • CONFIGURING YOUR SYSTEM
CHECKING THE BATTRY WITH SETUP
If you have reached here successf ully~ you are now ready to configure the system unit.
After configuration~ the confiqurasi parameters are stored in the memory of the computer. The power source for maintaining these parameters in memeory is the battry~ thus these parame ters are not lost after you turn off your computer. But battry is dead, or become disconected~ the configuration data will be lost,and it will be necessary to reconfigure the system. Nothing in the computer is damaged though. After reconfiguration, y our conputer s ystem will work just like it did before.
The setup program is provided to configure the system for the current date and time, the type and number of disskette
10 KEYBOARD T c The keyboard has four indicator lights on the top right-hand m corner. These are the Power Indicator~ the Caps Lock indicator~ the Num Lock indicator~ and the Scroll Lock indicator. ,.. . ."': '"'··--
Keybcz~d Legs ADJUSTABLE LEGS T t The two adjustable legs at the bottom-rear of the keyboard i allow you to adjust the inclination of the keyboard to two s different positions for typing comfort. f
KEYBOARD DIVIS IO N
The keyboard is divided into the following sections
* t·/ pe~~J t- i tet- key T * The n u. rn e r i c h:;:· y p "-"· d _,...... ,,...... ,,--.--.--.--.--.--.--r-r-r-r--i t * The cursor control keys k * The function keys THE TYPEWRITER KEY AREA 101-Key Keyboard
This is the central part of the keyboard used for entering y most of your data. It is used to enter alphanumeric text in f the same way as you use a typewriter. k
Special characters and punctuation mark are displayed when used with the Shift key and character/punctuation keys .
Non-character keys are discussed below : T p t I Ente1~ L.__ _ s a l
11 This is the enter key. It is equivalent to the typewriter Carriage Return. When the Enter key pressed~ the cursor will move to the beginning of the next line.
<--..:. Backspace
The <--- [Backspace] key workklike Backspace on the typewriter. It moves the cursor one pasition to the left of is current position. But unlike that typewriter~ in many software applications this will also delete the character from the position the cursor has moved into.
I T;-t--, --
This is Tab key which shift the cursor a number of s pace to the right. Pressing the Tab key while holding down the shift key will move the cursor o f number of s pa ces to the left .
.----·----·--- Shift
Your keyboard has two S hift keys performing the same function. They are used to switch the keys in the typewriter key area and numeric keypad from lowercase to uppercase.
This key is used f or entering uppercase letters. Upon pt-essing the Cap ~.; Loc i.-:. I
.-, -L1 ~ Ct~l 1
This key allways used with othe~ key(s) to pe~fo~m special T functions o~ commands. Refe~ to the manual ~elated to you~ aplication p~og~am or operating system for specific functions. L N s Alt
This the alternate key. Different software application use .this key diffe~entl y . The spacific program documentation will instruct you on the usage of this key. T w 0 s
P' THE NUMERIC KEYPAD
The numeric keypad 1s located on the right side of the keyboard. These keys each have to functions~ depending on whether they are set in the numeric or the cursor control mode. The default 1s ·for numeric~ i~e·~ each time you power T up your computer~ the numeric keypad is automatically in the P' numeric mode c t
When you are in the numer1c mode~ the Num Lock indicator lights up, indicating the key pad is the-numeroc mode. The keys are arranged like a talculator~ which makes them more convenient to use than the keys in the top row of the T ' typewriter key area, this is specially useful when you need to key in a lot of numbers.
~f you press the Num Lock key~ the indicator goes off, indicating the keypad is in the cursor control mode. The cursor can be sihfted one space toany one of the four T l directions as indicated on the key top. To move the cursor more than one space, you hav e to either release the key and repeat a number of presses as needed~ or hold the key down a little longer. The latter featLwe is called "Auto -reapet".
To return top the numeric mode~ press Num Lock key again.
Ltes discuss the function of each keys in the numeric keypa~. Note that the function of each key in the numeric keypad is· software dependent.
0 Ins
This key is used to insert character(s) anywhere in a line. When character is inserted~ all the characters to the right of cursor shift one position to the right. With certain software appl ications~ pressing this key once will cause the screen to toggle to the ''Insert Othe character in the cursor position will be overwritten with you type.
Del
This key is used to erase the character in the cursor position. When a character is d eleted from a line~ all the character to the rightofthecursorwillmoveonepo sitionto the left"
This key is used to e n ter the minus symbol.
I+,. __ _
This key is used to enter the plus symbol THE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS
The cursor control keys as shown in the following figure are used to move the cursor to any part of the screen. Th: mo·
CURSOR CONTROL KEYS.
8
This key~ ca.lled the "Cuxsoi'---Up" key, moves thE· cLws.or up one Th1 line <=•.t a time. so
L~:-2----~~=---_-_-
Tt-.is key~ kalled the "Cu.rsor--Dot,Jn" key, mo\te the cursor clo•,..m Tho one line at the time. by sc
6
Th This key~ ca 11 ed the "Cut-sor-Ri·J ht" key, move the cUI~sor one do position to the r iqht. de EA
t-Jh ot ~---· sa Thi$ key~ ce<.lled th;2 "Cursor-Left" key , moves the cursor one nu position to the left. k.e in CC• 7
This is ~he Home key which~ in most applications~ nomrmally moves the cursor to the top left corner of your screen.
1
The function of the End key 1 s define d by your application softwc;.re.
I 9 The k.e·>' is ca.lled th 11 F'age-Up 11 key which moves the cut-sor up 11 by a diste~. nce of one screen. The precise definition of one screen 11 depends on t.he app licc;.tion softwa.t-e and system. L_
11 The key is ca 11 ed the II F' .3.ge-Dov-m key which moves tt-·,e cu,~sot down a distance of one screen. What one screen means again depends on the application s oftware and the system.
EASY TO USE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS
While the numeric key pad is in the numeric mode~ you ma y nee d ot move the cursor also to other parts of the screen at t he same time for e diting. To do s o , y ou hav e to exit from the numeric mode everytime~ which is inconvenient if you have to key in a lot of numerical da ta . To save you from this inconvenien ce~ trv::> !··.r:::y h o ,::•. r-cJ h -::•.s a. c-:; eparc..te set of cursot contt-·o l 1--:.F:·ys , - , E:· ~: t t:o +: he r.u.ntE·r-ic k.E·ypacJ. These k.e ys aJ~E· used exactly the same way as the n umer i c keypad in t h e cursor corttt-ol mod r:.-~ .
.!' . C)·' EASY-TO-USE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS. 101-KEY KEYBOARD
THE FUNCTION KEYS In ~ The functions of these keys are dependent on the definition mov1 of the application software that you use. For detail on how the to use them in the operating system~ please refer to the 1 igl MS-DOS User's Reference manual. it (
SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYS vJhet key~ mov. ,------·-- Print Sct·-E·en L__1 ____ _
When this key is used together with the Shift key~ all the data on the screen will be printed an the printer. When used with the Ctrl key, each l ine of data will be printed on the Pre· printer as it is being e ntered from the keyboard. the to This key also sever a s the System Request (SysRq) key defined ref· by the individual software app lication.
Esc
This is the Escape key and it a lso is software defined. Please check its functioA in your owmn operating system or application guide. l!Jhe sim t s c 1.\1
17 Scr-oll Lock
In some softwar-e packages this key is used to deter-mine the movements of the text on the scr-een when the cur-sor- r-eaches the top line of the scr-een. Pr-essing in once will cause the light labeled "Scr-oll Lock" on the keyboar-d to go on. To tur-n it off. Pr-ess the "Scr-oll Lock" key a.gain.
When this key is locked on~ the cur-sor--up and the cur-sor--down keys move the text on the screen up or- down one line without moving the cursor from its original position. ,------· I Ct.rl Alt 1 Del L____ _
Pressing this combination of keys simultaneously ~ill cause the system to r-eset. The effect is similar- to turn the power to your- computer- off and then on again. this is frequently r-eferr-ed to as a 11 \I'J c•. r·· rrt st<:tl~t".
,.------1 Ct:r 1 P.:.:..use L .______
~>Jhen the DOS system cornrna.nd '' break on'' has been e:·:ecuted ~ simultaneously pr-essing this combination of keys will cause t system to terminate the pr-ogr-am which is running. Pr-essing C While holding down the Ctrl key pr-oduces the same effect.
18 OPE
Ctrl s In sy= up If you want to pause the mdvement of text on the screen you dri can press a combination of keys to do this. Press any key ~o sin continue scrolling. mak
If sys Gui Pause Gui The The Pressing this key produces the same effect as the combination keys of Ctrl and S. This key is used only on the 101-key Wri keyboard. Dis Ins Bot Sys For Mak One Cop Cop Glo Lis Lis Sea The Ren The Del The How Cre Cha Del Ren Red Fil Pip Aut
19 OPERATING YOUR SYSTEM WITH DOS
In this chapter youn will learn to use some of the common system commands. We assume that your system unit has been set up (chapter 2) and has two diskette drives, or one diskette drive and one hard disk drive. The comma nds are similar for· single drive system. Two drive are more convenient and wili make things work faster.
If you want an indepth explanation of the MS - DOS operating system, please refer to the MS-DOS Operating System User's Guide/User's Reference or Supplement to the MS-DOS User 's Guide. The uppuer drive is dr i v e A~ and the lower driv e is drive B. The hard disk drive is designated drive C.
Write-Protecting Your Diskette Diskette Handling Inserting Diskette into the Disk Drive Botting Your System System Prompt Formatting a Diskette Making Backup Copies of Your System Diskette One Drive System Copying a File from One Disk Dinve to Another Copying More Than One File At a time Global Filename Characters Listing All Files on Default Drive Listing All Files with Multiple Drives Searching for a Fil e The Rename (REN) Command Renaming with Multiple Drives The Erase (DEL) Command Deleting with Multiple Drives The Check Disk (CHKDSK) tommand How to Manage Your Files Creating a Directory Changing Your Working Directory Deleting a Directo~ y Renaming a Directory Redirecting Your Output Filter Commands Pipe Command Autoexec Batch Files
20 INSE
WRITE-PROTECTING YOUR DISKETTE Hole side dri\ On receive the System 1 and System 2 diskette~ you should dowr make sure that they are write-protected. Put a tab on the writeprotec notch if the diskette are not so protected. This will prevent inadvertent writing or deleting of data on the diskette. BOOl
The second important step i s to make backup copies of the To t original system diskettes. You should work with backup copies Sysi only, so taht in t he event of loos s or dama ge you can make dis~ more backup copies from the origiRal. Directions f o r making you backup copies wilbe given in a later section of this chapter. the Jusi A diagram of the floppy diskette is given in the follwing Ec:tct ·figure . on i Thi~ FLOF'F'Y DISI Wher DISKETTE HANDL ING Under no circumstances should the exposed portion of the head aperture~ scratched~ or left in the open for dust or moisure If ·: to collect. Extreme temperatures are also to be avoided. The CUJ"' t ambient temperature s holud be around 45 to 105 degrees set Fahrenheit ( 8 to 40 degrees Centigrade). Sep1 When the diskette is removed from the diskette drive~ it is to be immediatly returned into its protective env elope. It should not bent~ thrown~ or written on with anything harder than afelt pen. All diskette s hould be kept far away from magnetic fields~ like those of electric fans and motors. or Diskettes should not be removed from a drive as long as the in-use light i s on . Afte wi 1: tAli l : .- ...::..!.... INSERTING DISKETTE INTO THE DISK DRIVE Hold the diskette lightly near its corner. Keeping the label side up~ insert the system diskette gently all the way into drive until the diskette is properly seated. Jurr the level downwards . to close the drive door. INSERTING DISKETTE BOOTING YOUR SYSTEM To boot your system, that is~ tko load the Disk Operating System (DOS) into the computer memory for use, insert system diskette 1 into driv e A before you turn on the computer. If you have a hard disk and it has been properly formatted with the operating system i nstalled on it, ignore the above step. Just switch the system on. Each time you power up your computer~ it will check the RAM on the system board or memory expansion board for defects. This takes some time, depending on how much memory is in stalled. The more memory , the longer it will take. When the system is booted, you will see these measseges Current d a te is Fri 7-25-1987 Enter new date (mm-dd-yy): If you want the current date, just press Enter, as the current date has been set by the real-time clock. Dr you can set a new date. Suppose the date you want to enter is September 10,1987~ y ou may type any one of the following 9/10/78 or 9/10/1987 or 9-10-87 or 9-10-1987 After you type the date and press Enter, the operating system will enter the day of the week for you. So septe mber 10,1987 will be displayed a s Tue 9-10-1987. SY! It is not nescessary that you have to enter the month, date, ~nd year in this order. An Englishman would prefer to enter A ~ the date first, while a Swede might enter ~he year first. ( ac This can be modified by copying the system diskette to di~ anather with the SELECT command. thi d i~ If you have not made a mistake, you should see the following a.s message If Current time is :0:01:57.94 Enter new t.irne The above time is zero hour, one minute and 57.94 seconds. an! Again you may eihter choos e to ignore it and hit the Enter key or you may enter a new time. If the time you want to enter is 8:30 p.m .. type 20:30:00 The colors are used t o separated the hour, minute, and FOI second. Hundred of a second is separated by a period. Your system unit uses military time. In If you have entered all the intructions correctly, you will mu~ see messages about the company name of the operating system, A ! the version number, etc., followed by the system prompt . e:-: 1 The system unit is now ready to accept your intructions. re To en Yo1 or· Th in :2 3 SYSTEM PROMPT A system prompt can be A> or C>~ depending on your default (active) drive. If you start up your computer with the system diskette in drive A~ the system prompt will be A > ~ indicating that the default is A. If you have hard disk~ and no system diskette in drive A~ after booting the system prompt appears as C > ~ indicating that the default is drive C. If you want to change the default drive to B, type B: and press Enter. The prompt becomes B> Now drive B is the default drive. FORMATTING A DISKETTE In order to make backup copies of the two system disks, you must first format two blank disks. A diskette tha.t 11ot bc~c~r1 l'or.. mattE·d cannot be u. ~:;ed s.inc.-2 tt-·Jet-e are no tracks or sectors on which to write information. For e xplanation of tracks and sectors on the di s kettes please refer to the Glossary in this manual. To format a diskette~ leave system diskette 1 in drive A and en tet- You may type this command either in lowercase or uppe rcase, or a combination of lower and uppercase. This ~ill load the FORMAT program from the system diskette into memory and cause the following message to be d isplayed Insert new dis~ e~te for dri v e B: a. n d s t r- i k e L: r ·~ T E F;.: 1...-·.' 1...1,: ;:· r·1 r.. E.· Press Y or y to r-epeat the for-matting pr-ocess. Remove the and for-matted disket te from driv e B and r-eplace it with another diskette~ then press Enter. Depe fir-s If you do not need to format another diskette~ t y pe n or N to disk exit from FORMAT. will This MAKING BACKUP COPIES OF YOUR SYSTEM DISKETTE Before attempting to bac~up your- system diskette, make sure Reme that it is wr-ite-pr-otected by putting a tab on the write B" i pr-otection n otch. Afte If y ou have two dri ve s~ the system d iskette will be in drive disk. A, and the newly formatted diskette in drive B. To copy all with the files from t h e system diske tte to a blank d iskette, type diskcop·/ ,:,l: I::J; and press Enter~ you will see the in-use lights of drives A dan B go alternately on and off as the files in the system diskette are being copied to the destination diskette. When a file is being copied~ its name will be displayed on the screen. After all the files are copied~ you will see th~s message: :-: File(s) copied ":·:" is the number of files that ~'/ere successfully copied. Remove the back-up copy from the drive and put a label on it for easy i dentification. Repeat the COPY process with the other system diskette. ONE DRI VE SYSTEM Make sure that the system diskette is write-protected, and inserted it in drive A. Type copy t~. * b: /v and press Enter Depending on how much memory your system has, the files will first be read into memory befory transferring to the target diskette. The mo re memory you have, the faster all the files will be copied. This message will be displayed Insert diskette for drive B: and strike any key when ready Remember "dt-ive A" s:.tar•ds for the source diskette a.nd "drive B" is for the cle~-;nE•.t.i . i.:•r! c!.i.skette. Afte1~ the system has completed writing to the destination diskette !• it will prompt you tb i nsert the source diskette with this mess<::•.ge ~ Insert dis kette for driv e A: and strike any key when rea dy .--. / .. :.:.a Remove the destination diskette f~om the d~ive and inse~t the sou~ce diskette. Each time you ~epeat the actions, ~emember to p~ess a key afte~ closing the drive latch to activate the reading/writing process. Each filename will be displayed on the sc~een, until all the A fi files are copied. grou glob "wil COPYING A FILE FROM Two ONE DISK DRIVE TO ANOTHER spec syst If drive A is the currently logged d~ive, you will see the system prompt A> disp layed. Follow the steps desc~ibed below ? is file 1. Insert the diskette with the source files to drive A the 2. Insert the target or backup diskette to drive 8 Fot ab?. 3. If tr-,e file ·-you h'ar·,t t .o copy is called "PRAGRAM.E XE" type in the following a a copy p~ogram.exe b: a and press Enter. The file will be copied to the diskette in dt-ive B, and it will hc-.ve the na.m e "PROGRAM.EXE ". On the screen you will see the following message 1 File(s) cor::•ied As a This message will always appear wheneve~ you have e:-:te successfully copied a file. However~ if you need a different e :·; te filename for the desnatibn file~ you may enter the new one filename like this : copy pragram.exe b:prog.exe COPYING MORE THAN ONE FILE AT A TIME A filenamE· .is:, m::o. c:!f':~ 1• .1. p c:. f or·,,? to E· i g ht c hc. .. re.c t•:::l~. The characters that ara allowed ma y be any of the fol lowing: '27 Alphabet A through Z Numbers 0 through 9 Special characters !~#~$~%~&,()-,_, A ,~~· A file name is sometimes followed by filename extension, a group of files can be accessed or processed at one time. T~e global filename characters are sometimes referred to as "wi 1 dcard characters". Two global filename characters are used for file specification: ? and *· You have already used * to backup the system diskettes. ? is used to substittute any one character in a filename or a filename extention. It can represent any chara cter used in the filena.me. For e:.;c:uT1plE?: ab?.bas refers to all the follwing files abl.bas ab2.bas ab :·: . bas ctby. bas ,:\b~':. bas ab~~. bas As a ? reprensent only one character in filename or its extension~ an * represents the complete filename or its e x tention. For example, the file specification *·* means any one of the following fil~nam e s and their extentions : XXXXX>::xx. XXX ;.: ;.: ;.: yy·,, z z • c\ bo:: 28 The global characters ? and * can be used together in a global file specification. for example, the file specification ab ?.* can be used to refer to the following LIS files : If abl. bc..k def ab2. ba.s ab>:. int aby.com and fil The global characters are useful to copy (or delete) a group the of files or to list the files in a directory. siz• ShOI To use of global f ilename c haracter allows a group of files to be processed at one time when the file specifications of Tht=:· these files match the files specifications you entered with aft• 1 in1 the global characters. If war-·,. As a result~ whe n a global file specification is entered following the COPY command, it a lows a group of files to be hol• copied together at one time. t-.av• sen If you enter the global file specification ab?.* following the COPY command, then all the files which match this files specification *·* following the COPY command, then allthe app· files in the default drive are copied to the destination dt-ive. Other frequently used commands are DIR, RENAME and ERASE. The DIR command displays the directory of the fi les on a Lis· diskette or searches f or specific files with filenames that match those in the command line. The RENAME command enables Sup1 you to alter the filename. Ths ERASE command deletes the sto1 specified file(s) in the command l ine. and LISTING ALL FILES ON DEFAULT DRIVE If you want to examine all the files on hte diskette in th~ · default drive~ type dir and press Enter. This command will display a list of the filles on your video monitor~ including thier filenames and extentions~ the size of each file~ and the date and time when the files were last created or edited. Following this~ the size of the unused storage s pa ce on the diskette will a lso be shown. The file information is displ ayed on the screen one line after the other~ moving the first line upwards as the next line is dispalyed. This screen movement is called scrolling. If the of the screen messages is too fast for you to read wahat's on the scre en ~ you may press the Num Lock key while holding down the Ctrl key to freeze the scolling. When y ou have finished reading the s creen, press any key to continue scrolling. After all the files have been listed, the system prompt will appear again. If you have a printer conneted to your computer~ and you want to print out a copy of the screen messages for future reference. press S hift and PrtSc together. LISTING ALL FILES WITH MULTIPLE DRIVES Suppose the default dri v e . is A and you wish to list the files stored the diskette in Driv e B, Type : dir B: and press Enter . 30 SEARCHING FOR A FILE The Using DIR to search a disk for a specific can be a slow dri process~ especially if there are many in the directory. to spare this inconvenience, Dos allows you to type the filename (global characters * and ? are allowed) after dir. For 1. e>:ample~ type: dir ba.~. ica. . com After pressing Enter~ the file name, extention, size of file~ last access date and time~ and the free storage space left on the diskette are displayed. If the file specified atfter the DIR command line is not found on the diskette the following 2. message will be display~d File nc.!i::. ·f c.u.nd 3. THE RENAME (REN) COMMAND The RENAME command cahnges the filename of an existing file The sysntac is : rename oldname.ext newname.ext or THI ren oldname.ext newmname.ext Note that the old filename (the file to be renamed) comes To 1 first in the command line, and the old filename and the new fol filename are separated by a space. Also note that if there ?re other files on the disk, the new filename must not be identical to one of them~ otherwise the old file not be renamed, and y ou will see this message displayed on the screen DEL! Duplicate filename or file not found RENAMING WITH MULTIPLE DRIVES -:t· ·I ,_:o _I_ The following steps are taken to rename a file located in a drive other than the default drive. 1. If the drive A and the file to be renamed is in drive 8~ first change the default drive to Drive B by entering : b: The screen shows ·.. . B .. · 2. Enter the f ollowing command line : rena me oldname.ext newname.ext 3. After a. shot~t whi 1 e, the pt-ompt " B> " ~t-Ji ll C.\ ppec..r, signaling that the file h2s been renc..med. THE ERASE (DEL) COMMAND To delete a file on the diskette~ use the DEL command. The following example s hows how to use the DEL command. del f ilename.ext erase filename.ext DELETING WITH MUL TI PLE DRIVES If you have a dis kette in the d e faLllt drive A, an d the file yo ~ wish to deleted is in drive B. Ty pe : de l b:fil ename .ex t -:--· ,...... : •L HOW and press Enter. You can also change the default drive to B first, then enter The com1 del filena.me.e:-:t or g . for if you type One del *·* thn You will be asked for confirmation The be , Are you sure (Y/N) ? Rmd Press y if you want the entire disk or directory erased~ and If · n if you don not. This is avery powerful command and should ref• be used with caution. Once you a nswer Y, all files in the current directory are essentially lost forever. To 1 COml \US! THE CHECK DISK (CHKDSK) COMMAND . This utility determine the amount of memory used and memory and avaible on the specified disk and in the system. Insert system diskette 1 in drive A and type: CRE1 chkdsk To 1 Press Enter. You should see something like this: havt din 362496 bytes total· disk space 38912 bytes in 2 hj_dden files CHAI 261444 bytes in 36 user files If ·. 61440 bytes avaible on disk din ther xxxxxx b ytes total memory xxxxxx bytes free 11 11 ;.; : .;;.;;.:;;;.: CiE,pend<;::. U.p011 hCJ,\1 fTIUC:-·1 ru.:'d'1 iS instc:<.llecl in YOUI· a.nd ~'3yStem. \NEl HOW TO MANAGE YOUR FILES. The MS-DOS operating system provides several very useful commands which enable you to manage data efficiently. You can organize your files in onderly way so that it will be easier for you to search for files. One of the most commonly ~sed methods for data management is through the aplication of a tree structure system. The creation and management of a tree-structured system can be accomplished by using the Mkdir(MD)~ Cdir (CO)~ and Rmdir(RD) commands. If you need futher details concerning use of these command~ refer to The MS-DOS User's Reference Manual. To check the directory you are in, you can use the MS - DOS command Chdir(CD). For e x ample~ if you waorking directory is \USER\JOE~ you simply type : cd and press Enter~ you will see a:\user\joe CREATING A DIRECTORY To create a branch directory from your working directory~ you have to specify the Mkdir(MD) command. For example~ to create directory named NEWDIR~ type : Md newdir CHANGING YOUR WORKING DIRECTORY If your wish to change from working directory to another directory, simpl y type chdir od cd (Change Directory)~ and then a pathname. Fo~ ex a mple~ typ~ : cd\newdir and press Enter. MS-DOS will change the working directory to \NEWDIR. 34 REI' DELETING A DIRECTORY To If you find that your directory is no longer useful or out of 1. date~ then you may delete the directory using the Rmdir (RD) · command. For example~ to remove the NEWDIR directory from t~e working directory~ s i mply type : 2. d ir rm newdir ":!' An example is give n be low s howing you how to delete a ·-'. directory by usi ng a pat hname. To remove the \ USER \ TED 11 11 11 dit-ectory~ be s u re tr·,e<.t i t contains only the II. ar,d •• 4. enteries~ then t y pe r d \ u s et- \ t e d e<.nd pres s Enter. To If y our want to r e move all files in a directory, t y pe Del and 1. then the pathname of directory. For ex ampl e ~ to d elete all files in the USER \ BOB dir e ctory~ t y pe : de 1 \uset- \ bob 2. The following message prompts -:r Are y o u sure ( YI N)? ····' . In response to the que stion, if you are quite sure that you don't need all files as in USER \ BOB directory, t y pe Y for 11 Yes 11 ~ If you s-,till '-"l<=•.nt t.o have those filE··:; , jus t t y pe N fo1·-· uNou. 4. RENAMING A DIRECTORY To rename a directory in MS-DOS~ follow these steps : 1. Create a new directory with the update name using the Mkdit- command. 2. Copy all files from the previous dire ctory to the directory update with the Copy *·* command. 3. Delete the contents of the old directory with the Del *·* comma.nd. 4. Delete the old d irectory with Rmdir command. F~ Dr e ;.; a. m p l .-=:: : Tc:o rename the\user \joe director y\u s er\bob 1 . Type : mkd i.l·-\user \ bob 2. Type copy\user\joe\*·*\user\bob/v :::r.. Type del \user\j oe\.:J;:. * '{ouarea.sked totypeY in ,- esponsetotheprompt 11 Arey ou surE• ?" . . Type Y a.nd pr·ess Errt1::?t-. 4. Lastly~ type ~ rrTrd it··\ uSE· r \ j o•? * REDIRECTORY YO UR OUTPUT MS- men MS-DOS always assumes that input comes from the keyboard and that most command will produce output to be sent to the terminal screen. You may choose to send this information to a Fin file rather tahn the sc ree ri by using a grea ter than sign ( ~ ) in your command. For e xa mple~ the Dir command can send this Mor output to file named NEW FILES by t yping the output file f o llowing a greater-than sign (>) Sor If the file NEWFILES doesn't, MSDOS c r eates it a nd stores PIP your- d i n?c tot- y in it . If NEWF ILES already exists~ MS- DDS o-../er·· ,_o'J r i te::. waht is in the file with the new da.t. a.. The If you wis h to ~ppend y our director-y l isting to an existing pip t o c•. file n<:•.tW?.d ~-·IF:\•.WIL.E:.:~;. If nE:... JFIL..ES does:.n't e:~.i..::.t~ it is lo'Jhe c ,~ec.. b::::·d • si.rn It 1s also possible to redirec t output to a file using a DOS utility such as SORT. For example~ the command wil sort A filter 1s a command th~t reads your input and transforms it in s ome way, and then outputs it to a file. The data then DIF; s.:::•. i d to ha.·v·r:~ b•?::!(=:.·r, '' ·f i 1 tl';;• rE.·cJ '' by a pt-or;l r · a.m . dt:-~f If ::~;-;· MS-DOS filte~s a~e Find~ Mo~e~ and So~t. Thei~ function a~e mentioned below : Find Sea~ches fo~ some text in a file. Mo~e Displays text one sc~eenful at atime . So~t Tihs filter was used in the previous section. It so~ts text. PIPE COMMAND The pipe command is invoked b y separating commands with the pipe symbol~ wich is the vertical bar ( 1 ). This bar is used when you wish to give more than one command to t he s ystem simultaneously. For ex2mple, the command dir sort will sort the listing of your directory alphabetically on the sc~een. If you plan to sort you ~ directo~y and send it to a new file named DIREC.FIL~ simply type : dir sort direc.fil DIREC.FIL 1s created and specified in the command on y our default drive, and contains a s orted listing of directory. If y ou want to redirect the output to drive B ~ simply type dir sort >b:direc.fi l Pipe can also be used wi t h more than one command in the command entry. For example~ you could sort the directory and have it displayed to y ou one screenful at a time. To obtain You the ne:-:t screen you must stt-ike a key when you see - Mot-e - APP displayed at the bottom of your screen. For example~ type . HOW THE dir:sort:more The You AUTOEXEC BATCH F ILES car sys When t he computer lS t urned on~ COMMAND.COM will l ook fo r a file called AUTOEXEC.BAT. This is a tex t file that contains >>> instructions for the system after it is booted. Cree.. tin•;) a.n OUTOEXEC.BAT program is a simple procedure. For e ::-:a mple you could h ave the operating system clear the <:"-CI·-een a.nd displc:•.y its version number. To do this~ type the following copy con~autoexec.bat cls ver ( pt-es-s F.::,) Ope Rem l-?·ei Lastl y~ press Enter. You should s ee: Now reset the compu ter by pressing Ctrl, Alt, and De l simultaneously. After booting the o perating system, your AUTCIE 1: EC. BAT f .i l r=:.· c: c.:o r 1 t.r:=-1, s "'' j_ 1 l l:J;:=- F-1 U t.orn.s. tic c:•.l l·y· e ;.: E?.C u t.E:d • \'ou should <;=:.ee ...... · ··. You may now.delete the autoexec example with the DEL command. APPENDIX A HOW TO REMOVE AND REINSTALL THE SYSTEM HOUSING The fbllowingsteps show you how to open the system housing. You may need to open the system housing to install an adapter card, an additional floppy disk drive or hard disk. The system chassis insta lled internally. Before removing the screws make s ure 1. The system lock is turned to the OFF position. You will damage the system housing if you open it with the key turned to the ON position. 2. All cables connected to thE· rear panel are removed Open the system hCtus i ng ...... ~i-1 Remcn•ing ·u -,e Fro nt P .,::u-·iel ••.• ••••••••• ~i-2 f.?eJ:nstc.d 1 the Top Cc;v·e:-r •••••••••••• A-.:::> Lj.(l OPEN THE SYSTEM HOUSING Ste~ eac~ To install adapter cards~ gain acces to the system board~ or wher install a disk drive you must removing the system housing. the c lui c lee: Step 1 Removing the tree screws o n the rear panel as un tj illustrated below. _,- REit· Step 2 Pull the top cover of the system unit rearward approximately 3/4 inch unt1l it stops. Lift the AftE cover upwards from the rear as illustrated below. dri·v Hook. posi >>>> REMOVING THE FRONT PANEL C:: ,..-, C:: II If you want to install a ._t. L-' flo ppy or fi xed disk drive~ >>>> you must also remove the front panel . • Afte con ·f Step 2: After removing these screws~ look at the bottom of each side of the inr\terior front cover. You will see a noth where a clip (clutch) holds the front panel in place. Insert the end of a flat-blade scewwdriver and gently pry the clutch out until it clears the notch when both sides are clear, carefully pull the cover forward a nd to the left sid~ until it is free. REINSTALLING THE TOP COVER After you hE\\/•~ .:;:..clclit:.i.Dna.l dt-i.\-'•~ u.r·,it, you. ha.-../ •~ t.D rr-:.·move th·~ drive slot cover that is installed on the front panel. Ho ok one tab for the front panel in the nocth prD vide d~ then position other side until it clicks into place. >>>> INPORTA NT When 1·-eplc;:c .i..ng the thr-ee .sc rew.s a 1 ong the top of the front panel, take note if the iii:.:dll e sen=:'!-'/ h,:.:s o:( gr-ourtd 1-11ir·e .~ttached to .i. i:. Fie.::· sur··e to n:::·ccJnnect it pr-c;pe-r .l }-' 1 Replace the top cover an screws holding it in place. >>>> NOTE To /::eep ·the s::-' st.em from generat1:ng e 1 ,'iO·(.:t r-cimc!i]net. ic interference, the two .sides of the LcJp co ,/er an.? built with .spec.i.al ;-ail .JU.!..oes (51:?'7:' the ill.:..Lstr'=-itic:;-n l':.•elok.l) . Nhile After expanding y our system,p l ease make sure taht t he con ·f j_ g u ration ~:;1''' it. c !·· ·· '-''·~==· <:'•. ,.. E· ·:::.e t p ,-opE· t- 1 y . APPENDIX B For COVE SWITCH AND JUNPER SETTUJG the I this append i>: .• the first sect ion Quick Reference Guide is prov·ided especiall :.-· for roo re sophisticated PC users. If you. are not familiar ,...,ith F'Cs. stE•.rt from the second section. Quick Reference Guide B-1 Configuration Switch Set t ings ••••••••• B-.-:o; SI.V1 (DIP S/.'1itch One) •• •• ..••..• •• •••• B-4 Setteing the EPFi'(}i"l t;v',De •••••••••••• B-5 Setting the .Jum pel~ •••••• " ••• ". -". ·" ••••• B-6 Systi::?m 1'·1emor}! l'fc.:p ······· · ······"···· · ·· ··· B-7 I I 0 /~dd ress mc.:p ••• , •••.· ••• -~ •••..•••••.• On Boa 1 ~d Nemol ~:.-· Nc-dE r•t.;;<,D •••••• ·" •••••• E.;--9 >>>l'· QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE The P1dj.: Whenever you add a peripheral or change the system rect configuration~ usuall y y o u will need to change the s witch or SW1- jumper seting on the system board. These swicthes a nd jumper configure the system fo ~ the type of hardware attached or installed in the computer so that the system can correctly Refe access these hardware. to t There are one switch and one jumper on the system board. >>>::: The s~·Jitch is lc:•.bE·lled "SllJ 1" a.nd the jumper is lab•::?llE'?d "JF'l". , , , I I ...... ·- I - I - I I ··- . : • ::. .. S "I- I I I ·-- I \ Ou<~ Guodt Fltlt'ft'f'tt I Quick Guide Reference '1 ::~: For your convenience~ there is a table pasted beneath the top cover of the computer for quick reference. Whenever you open the cover, you will be able to refer to this table. I I L_.______Quick Guide Reference >>>NOTE The c:o lurr:n c,f curTent .sr=-t t ing i .s f e r }t'OU t.c! n=.·c:c rd the current cord if}Ura t icn only. The switch block SW1 has three switc hes - SWl-5~ SWl-6, SWl-7 Adjacent to 1~024K there a re three small rectangles. The rectangles indicate how the switches are set. The switches SWl-5, SWl-6, SWl-7 a re set to OFF, OFF and On respectiv ely. Refer to the table again to set the monitor type. Flip SW l-8 to the OFF position. >>>> NOTE To install the mo nochrome monitor, you need a monochrome display adapter. Setting the switch for monochrome display for other displ ay types, e.g, color, will damage your moni tor ~nd adapter . SYSTEM MEMORY MAP II The following disc~iption show how the memo~y and I/0 add~ess a~e distributed : Address Na.me Function -1 ------i (l(l(l(l(l(l 640KB s·y-stem I 512KB OR 640 KB DRAM (Built-in) 09FFFF ME·mory ------'I OAOOOO 128~::B S\' StEJTI Re:=;er~ved fo~ 1 I Video I (3rapt-·lics Display Buffer I OBFFFF RAI'1 I I 1-- - I ------1 ocoooo 128KB I/0 512KB OR 640 KB DRAM E~·:pansion (Built-in) ODFFFF ROI'1 1------1------OEOOOO 128~ : :8 OEOOOO-OFFFFF Reserv e on Board Sys tern F:OI'1 OFOOOO-OFFFFF 64KB ROM OFFFFF 100000 Ma;-: Mernot-y I/0 Channel Memory Expansion l':'·MB Option l FDFr=FF FEOOOO !UsvE; '3~~--_;-~ - -- Select to u-~e :3a.me I Syste m ROM ROM As OEOOOO-OFFFFF FFFFFF I I ON _L ______I To ch c: 4 ~· I/0 ADDRESS MAP He>: Ra.nge Device 000-0lF DMA Controller-! 020-03F Interrupt Controller-! 040-05P" Timer 060-06F Keyboard Controller 8041 070-07F Real-Time Clock~ NMI Mask 080-09F DMA Page Register OAO-OBF Interrupt Controller-2 OCO-ODF DMP1 Cont,~oller--2 OFO C 1ea1·- · so:::::s7 Bus·)" OF1- !;:•:?set so::::.B7 OF8-0FF Math Co-Processor-80387 1F0-1F8 1·-ia.,-d Disk 200-207 G,3.me I /0 278-27F Parallel Printer Port 2 2F8-2FF Set- :i. c\ 1 F'co~ ·- t 2 300-31F Pt-otot·)"pe CaTd 360-36F Reset-ved 378-37F Parallel Printer Port 1 380-38F SDLC. Bisynchronous 2 3A0-3CF SDLC. Bisynchronous 1 3B0-3BF Monochrome Dispaly~ Printer Adapter 3C0-3CF I RE'S (:::i·-· v ed 3D0-3DF Co 1 or I Gl-ctphics Monitor Adaptet 3F0-3F7 Di s ~ette Controller 3F8-3FF s.:::,t - i ;:d F·o ,- t 1 '------·l - ---·------·- ______j ------·--·-·-·-- ·-· ·------··------·--- ON BOARD MEMORY MODE MAP To set for the corre ct RAM size, plea se refer the following charts and expanation s given below : AI HI 1. 412~·6 ...... y-, d n· 1. 412~·6 (256 ;. ~ 1 DRAM) R· ,... !'lODE D R· MODE H MODE B MODE c I I -, 200000 ~.:.12~ :: 160 000 \ E--l;-8~ : ~ :: l 100 000 I w I I 080000 OAOOOO . 640K ~·12K 1640l<~ ~ I 000000 2. 511000 ( 1M x DRAM MODE E MODE F 1'1DDE G MODE H 460000 ~-----. ~--~ I 51~~ 47 APPENDIX C HOW TO INSTALL A DISK DRIV~ You rma chi newas wast ho rough 1 ;v· tested be fo reshipment from the factor:v-.~ sothed isko' r i \'euni t (s) wi 11 funct ionproper-1 yupon receiptofthes;v·s tem. Thissect ionprovide.sins t ruction ford isk d r i ,,.e remo v·a 1 in thee v·en t t ha tse r\·· i ceo r rep 1 a cement becomes necessary. Remov·ing a Disk Drive ••••••••••••••••••• C··-1 Replacing a Flopp)l L\isk Drive M, •• ~ •••••• •c- -.3 Installing an Additona l Floppy Drive ••••• C-4 Instal.l ing the Hard D .i.sk Controller ••••• C-5 Connect the T1~,1o Flat:-F:ibbon Cables before you .install the 1-far·d Disk Contt-oller •• C-5 Install.ing a l--iard Disk Driv·e •••••••••••• C-6 Installing an Internal 3.5v Hard Di.sk Driv·e ••••• • •••••••••••••• ~ •• C-8 Locate the L-BI~acket •••••••••••••••••• C --9 Remov·e the L-Bracket fr-om the Disk Drive housing ••••• ••• •••••••• C-9 Connect the Flat-F:.i.bbon Cable Connector to the l-iard .Disk Dr-ive • • • • • • C-1 0 48 REMOVING A DISK DRIVE To r·emove a disk. drive unit, follow the steps beloii-J: l.Thediskdriveisheldinplacebytheplatictabsoneachside ofthediskdrive.Pressthetabsonbothsidesuntiltheyare On caler of the drive housing bracket, then slide the unit tw for·ward. co 2.Whenthediskdr~ velsh altwayoutotthedrivehousing~remove to connectors on the backside ofthethedrive.Thesmaller connectoristhepowersupll y connector.Thelargerone(ribbon cable)isthecontrollercable.Carefullyremovethedriveunit from the housing handling i t by its egges only. IN REPLACING A FLOPPY DISK DRIVE If ad sy Slidethediskintoitsslot.Whenthedriveishalfwayinto theslot~reconnectt hew ireswhishyouhaveremo v edfromthe co previousunit.Noticeth attheconnectorsaredesignedtofit YO in connector~ examine it f o r correct orientation. Be L!n bo INSTALLING AN ADDITIONAL FLOPPY DRIVE Step .t For ease of installation of the additional disk drive , IN it i s sugges\ed that you move slightly forward the existing disk drive in the upper s lot. Th Step2:Slidethediskdriveunityoareaddingintoitss lot pi until you can clearly see the drive's rear cable connection points from abov e. Af co Step3:Theribboncableconnec tedtotheexistingdrivehas a s 1· second connector a short distance back from its terminal connnec t ion. This connnector should be c: c:_:.r : r·,·::::c tr::.· c.:! t ::::•t.l- ·:ec <:•. ! ~c ! E· d ~Jeconn ·~ c tu ,--on t t ·,t:::r, e•..... •d t- i \/e. If you experience difficulty making the connection check for correct connector orientation. Step 4 Connnect power to the disk drive. On the left side of the power suplly i a wire harness with two or three free palstic connectors. Connect one plastic connector to the n~w disk drive (floppy or hard ). Step 5 Slide each drive futher into its slot until the tabs lock into place. INSTALLING THE HARD DISK CONTROLLER If you are considering expanding your system by the additional of a hard disk drive~ you must make sure that the system unit is equipped with a hard disk controller. CONNECT THE TWO FLAT-RIB~ON CABLES BEFORE YOU INSTALL THE HARD DISK CONTROLLER. Before you install the hard disk controller to the s y stem unit~ you must first connectors on the hard disk controller board. INSTALLING A HARD DISK DRIVE The hard disk controller tonnects tko the hard disk via two cables : one has a 20-pin connector and the other has · a 34- pin connector. After connecting the ha rd disk controller to its f lat ribbon connectors to the hardisk drive. Slide the hard dis k into the slot Futher until the tabs click i nto place. 50 Locate one connector in the cable harness e xtend ing from the LOl power supply and connect it to hard disk unit. Th1 fa~ mLI~ >>>> NOTE: There is a Jumper (JP3) on the SPFC-A~ Which is designed to enable/disable 1F0-1FH ports for BIOS REI checking. When the SPFC-A and hard disk FOI controller are installed at t you must remove this shorting jumper. Af · in ..,. r:: INSTALLING AN INTERNAL ._:•• •_1 COl CO l If three storage s lots of y ou s ystem unit already contain disk drives~ you may still install a fourth. This is because your system ur1i t is designed to house one 3. 5 "20 MB hard disk. Ne: in1 We assume you have already installed a har disk controller br< card with cables. If not refer to the earlier section on pn installing a ~•. 2::•" ha.rd disk dl~i v(? . Th1 However~ before installing the hard disk controller board an< into teh expansion slot~ you should first connect the two flat-ribbon cables to the controller. The flat-ribbon cables are used for connecting the hard disk controller board to the hard disk drive. API FOf A I it Tht ph·: ··.. ·....· ... ·. J::i ._1.1.. LOCATE THE L-BRACKET The system unit is shipped from the factory with an L-bracket fastened to the disk housing as shown below. This bracket must be removed an refastened to the 3.5'' hard disk drive. REMOVE THE L-BRACKET FORM THE DISK DRIVE HOUSING After removing the bracket~ fasten it to the drive as shown in the following diagram. CONNECT THE FLAT-RI BBO N CABLE CONNECTOR TO THE HARD DISK DRIVE Because there is limited a cces inside the system unit~ you must connect the smaller, flat-ribbon cable to the hard disk before installing the drive on the drive housing. Next~ hold the hard disk an bracket at an angle with the rear inclined downward, carefully insert the disk so that the bracket fits onto the housing brace. When the drive is seated properly~ reinstall the two bracket screws removed earlier. The last step is to connect the remaining flat-ribbon cable and the power supply connector~ to the rear of the drive. APPENDIX . D FORMATTING THE HARD DISK A hard disk must be formatted physically and logically be fore it can be used. The physic al format must be performed first. The option " HAF:::J DJ S ~ : : r~O F:!'1AT" in the SETUP plrogt-c:uTI physically formats -the hard disk. The hard disk can be formatted onl y once. F-=·! -mcd:tinq i t a_g,:::lin hlill destl-oy a.ll thE"~ di:•_ta p r e v iously ~tore d on the disk rendering the d3ta irrecoverable . ._c::1,..:.:..··· F-ormating Step ...... ••••.•.... D-1 Hi Hard Disk Physical Format Menu .•. ~ ..•••.. D-2 Defect Informa.tion ...... •..•.•....•• D-3 Formatting ...... •..· ...•.••..•••.•. D-4 Interleave ...... D-5 T~ Shipzc•ne ...... D-6 FORMATTING STEPS Pt Before proceeding to format your hard disk~ you should correctly configure the system unit for memory size~ display Tl type~ and number and type of disk driv e (s). OJ SETUP MENU IA!hen you entetr setup You should see this menu display ed : [ SETUP Utility Version X.X <1> ----> SETUP CMOS RAM <2> - - --> HARD DISK FORMAT [ <3> ----> SHIPZDNE <4> ---·- > EXIT KEY IN OPTION NUMBER PLEASE ? [ [ [ c=..,.. ._1 . .:..• HARD DISK PHYSICAL FORMA~ MENU Type 2 Press Enter key The screen clear and y ou see the hard disk physical format option menu : Fi:-:ed Disk 1 Fi >:ecl Dis!-:. 2 ~ Increase Interleave L~ Decrease Interleave E>: i t InterlE·ave 0.3 The Press the Fl function key to format the first hard disk~ har which is reffered to as drive C. If you have two hard disk Ma1= after physical formatting drive C. Press the F2 function k~y in1 to format the second hard disk which is reffered to as drive str D. dis If DEFECT INFORMATION yoL ent Press Fl; you will be prompted : pa';; Do you want defect format (Y/N) ? FDF Press Y(es). You will see the following picture with two blank bo ;.:es under· ''Cy lende·r·'' 2.nd ''Head'' t-especti ..,; el y Defect information page 00 Cylinder He2.d ,----l .,n'· 2. ..,. 1-n·-=·. If 4. I I I th.: I nov N c 7~: . 'I ..-. I I o. PrE 9. on 11. 1.2. 13. 14. I 1 :=•• ,'------' L__ _ _j T~ Cylinder Cy l i.ndet- > qL Head rc;..nge < 0 ••• He·c;.d > fj Press If there are more than 15 entries in the Defect Information of your hard disk~ after you entered the first 15 defects enteries~ you can press the PgDn key to scroll to the n ext page in order to enter additional defect entries . FORMATTING Press FlO and you will be prompted to start formatting the h.::u,- d disk Formatting fiexd disk drive n This operation will destroy any data on the fixed disk drive. Are you ready (YIN) ? "n" is the fi:-:ed disk drive number to be fat-matted. If you hard previously formatted your hard di sk~ all the data that is stored on it will be destroyed if you press Y or y now. To abort the program and return to the option menu. press N ot- n. Press Y or y to begin formatting. The hard disk in-use light on the front panel will come on and this message is palyed: F9 - E)·:i t Fot-m<=•. t tir1g H•?ad 00 Cy 1 indt-:~t- 00000 The val ue -folr "he.::•.d" c<.nc.1 "Cylinqer vJil keep on inc1-emer1ting quickly until the formatting process in completed. If you find the formatting speed exceptionally slow, you may have chosen an incorrect hard disk type number while configuring the system in the SETUP CMOS RAM menu. Abort the formatting 56 process and choose the correct hard disk type number~ then one start the physical format again. ten sec To abort the program and return to the menu~ perss th F9 function key. IN If you do not have a hard disk~ or if is not properlly connected o installed~ thiss error message will be diplayed ******** Fixed Disk Error ***** Please strike any key .... 1 Press any key to return to the hard disk physical format option menu. Check that the hard disk is properl y installed and connected~t it again. 1 INTERLEAVE INT In the hard disk phys ical format option menu, the default value for the interleav e factor is 3 . This value can be increated or decreased by pressing the function key F3 or F4 respectively. 1 The hard disk rotates at about 3600rpm, which is ten times the speed of a conventional diskette driv e. Each track on the hard disk has 17 sectors. The trouble is that if the rea/write head is to read evary consecutive sector at this speed, there is the possibility that read read/write head can miss reading from or writing to a sector that i t missed reading from or writing is again accesible. This down d~sk input/output. Interleaving remedies the situation. IN Each track on the the fixed disk has 17 s ectors. The sec tors are numbered 1 to 17 and the disk read/write head processes ,- the sectors sequentially. It begins with the first sector, ~ and after processing the first the first sector, it then 1 processing the sector, it t hen proceeds to the second sector. This continues untill all the 17 sectors are or written, before mvinq to the next track. 1 When the inetrleave factor is 2 every alternate sector is read from sector No.1 is the first to be read , of course. The ne x t to be read is not s ec tor No 2.but sector No.3 the third 57 one being sector No.5 and so forth. Sector No >@ will be the tenth to be read. This means that after processing nine sectirs~ the head all return to read sector No.2. INTERLEAVE = 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <------F' h ys .i c cd St=:•c I NTERLEP1'v'E = 2 Seq R/W 13l I 121 f4l I L:.l f~ < [3 L__j L___j ~ ~ ~ L__j L__j L__j 1 ..::.~ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <---- r----1 r----1 r--1 ~~ ~ n I 1~· I ~l ·: .. L_j L_j L_j LJ L_j [~ L_] LJ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -:::------F'hysica 1 Sec I NTEF:LEAVE . - 3 1::: 2 3 4 ~ · r-~ 1 ~· 1 ..11 l 16 1 rL ___, __j 10 11 1 2 13 1 4· 1 7 < ------·-- F' h y ·;:, i c a 1 S>=~o::: With interleaving the possible of missing s sector or two for p reading/ writing by the disk drive head is reduced~ and this a improving the speed of disk input/output by as much as a i factor of four. The valid value for the interleave factor can be any nunber T within the range of 1 trough 16. But having a greater interleave factor does not necessarily result in faster disk input/output. During tests it has been found that factors 2 and 3 produced the optimum disk access spe~ds. Using higher interleave factors in fact decreased the access speed. Higher interleave factors mean greater distance between sectors. This will cause the read/write head to wait more 1 tha.n nec:es;s,;,u-·r' until i·t ca.n acces.s the ne ~·~ t sector. ThE:> t function of speed o f disk access and interleave factor is i also influenced by the manufacturer of the hard disk drive. If you hav e hard disk drives supplied by different interleav e factors to find wh ich value best suits yor needs. After you have physically formatted your hard disk(s)~ press 10 to get back to the SETUP option menu. Pres 4 to exit before you use the FDISK command on the fi r st MS-DOS system diskette to create one or more DOS partitions on the hard disk. After you hav e used the FDISK command to create F partitions(s) on the hard disk, y ou mu s t use the FORMAT command please refer to the manual Sup lement to the MS-DOS operating System User's Guide. F SHIP ZONE ~ F \ Optio n 3 in the SEHJP mFmu is the utility ce:dled "SHIPZONE" which positions the read/write head of the hard disk in a safe area so t hat the hard disk can be safely transported without damaging the strored data . The distance between the disk read /w rite heads and the platters (disk on which data is stored) is infinitesimelly small. When you move the system unit to a new place, shock or strong vibration during transportation can c ause the heads to rub against the pl2tters an d damage the stored data. To prevent this from happening, the heads of the hard disk drive are parked in a certain area so that the heads will not come in contact with the platters where data is strored. To start SHIPZONE~ select 6ption 3 in the SETUP menu. massage is displC<.yed R/W HEAD IS POSITIONED ON SHIPING ZONE NOW Strike any key to continue ..• The hard disk is now ready for tranportation. When y ou start the system again~ the read/wri te heads will move themselves from the safe to the data area. APPENDI X.E PIN PtSS I GNMENTS Printet- Cable ...... E-1 System and Disk Drive Interface ...... E-2 I/0 Chc;..nnel ...... •... E-3 Keyboard Connector ...... •....•...... E-4 RS-232 Connector ...... •...... •. E-5 Video Display Interface ...... E-7 60 PRINTER CABLE S"'' DF 25 PIN Connector 36 PIN Connector PIN SIGt-lAL PIN SIGNAL 1 STDRE STORE-- l 2 DATA 1 DATA 1 ..,. ~. ..,. -.:.• DATA ..::. ...;, DATA 2 --l ---~ 4 DATA ~.) 4 DATA 3 I c: DATA 4 ~· --~--~---I ----~fYfp, L;:----·-1 -----·-··-··----· 6 DP,Tr:1 5 7 DATA 6 7 8 DATA 7 8 9 DATr~ 8 8 ----- ~--·-- 10 I ACK 10 ACK 1 11 -~·u~-== :: ___ :~:~==1 ~ -----;-:t~E_(~T=. 13 J=-~ELECT-~~= 1 14 --- ·1 ----r~UT=-·-~-~ED XT 't----~-~--- ___. __ r:,u·~o-·FEE~_x-~J 1-----1-5- ·----' -Ef.:;~F;~I]F:~ ----· -- . ---~2 ____.1 ---··--·~~~EF:F:[I~-·-- · --_j 16 - I N I T 1 31 I -HH T ( F Fn 1'1 E ) I 1------l ·-·---·-·----··-··-·-·-·------~------4 --·-··------·---·1 LB -25 I G:___ __ l·--~-~:=~~~;, __l __ ···--·-- GND ------·--J SYSTEM AND DISK DRIVE INTERFACE DRIVE CONTROLLER DRIVE SPARE SIGNAL LINE > 2 J1 1 RESEF:VED .. -· 4 ·7-' DR I'vE SELECT 4 > 6 ------7 H '!DEX SECTOR ----·-----~-~---> , __s_· --· 7 DF: I'vE SELECT 1 1------·-----·> . 1 n I 9 __ , _____ DRI~-.J~- SELECT2 . -=-~---··-~ 1------.·'· 12 I 11 DRIVE SELECT3 > I I 14 ~ 1 3 I l_. -_ MOTD_R_~_':------.>I 1 6 L. D I F:ECT I ON SELECT -I -· :· 18 17 I t·· STEF' -----· ------> 20 ~---t.>JF~1>rE DAT·A··------19 I 1 ---->1 22 J ~-- - -·---··-1· - 2 1 I F____ _ ~.~. .:~:~-~ E_-=- _r=._;A_T~ > I 24 :-:'~-=!. ---TF:P1C:::I< ()(:)---··------· I---- ·--- ..:..--· ~ ~,-- · ------· -··-·-- · -- · ---· --->I' 26 I ::~5 r-,- --~ , :p 1-:-TE F·r::o·~~E:c:r--- ··.. I I r------··----- . I 28 1 27 AF READ DATA 1------,..--> 30 I r------29 ..______>SIDE SELECT 31 Tc DISVETT CHANGE tL ..______·::- ke 34 j r------:-;~ - 5 VDC 1------=· ------14. t- RE - 12 'vDC l tl S . ------~- j_ ------2 sl L~r------1 -----i ---, A! t l ,-I-, 1! FRAME LOGIC GND LOGIC GND GND T . f, INTERFACE CONNECTIONS s R i i a. 0 i b a APPENDIX.F INSTALLING AN ADAFTER CARD To install an adapter card, make sure the system power is turned off and the power cord dosconnected. Disconnect the keyboard and all system and peripheral cables, noting where each cable is connected. Remove the system housing as described in Appendix A. Look at the slot area of the open s ystem. There are eight expansion slots on the system board: six are long slots each consisting of a 62-pin connector and a 32-pip connector. The two are short slots consist of s ingles 62-pin connectors. Adapter cards are installed into these expansion slots. Check the card you plan to install to determine its design for a long or short slot. Then, remove the metal cover at the rear of the slot selected . for installing the new card. The screw you remove will be needed to hold the card in place. Keep the metal cover in a safe place for future use. Refer to installation guide that came with your card to see if any switches or jumpers need to be adjusted before installing the card. Verify that specified switches are set appropriatly. With the component side of the adapter card facing right.slip one end into the card guide at the front of the unit before inserting the c ard into its slot. To s eat the card i n its the bracket you ma y have to rock it back and forth s lightly while appl iyng pressure. When seated, secure the card with the screw you removed fr o m the slot cover. 64 Ficture Install card then secure with screw Connect flat ribbon connectors if needed. Reinstall the system cover. Finally~ reconnect the keyboard~ monitor~ printer~ etc. and all system cords and cab l es. I c ; 0~