DOCSLIB.ORG

Saltmarsh Sediment Fungal Communities and Arbuscular

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saltmarsh Sediment Fungal Communities and Arbuscular SALTMARSH SEDIMENT FUNGAL COMMUNITIES AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SPOROBOLUS PUMILUS (ROTH) (POACEAE) (SPARTINA PATENS) OF THE MINAS BASIN, NOVA SCOTIA; IDENTIFICATION, ABUNDANCE AND ROLE IN RESTORATION by TYLER WADE D’ENTREMONT BScH Acadia University 2017 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Biology) Acadia University Fall Convocation 2019 © by TYLER WADE D’ENTREMONT, 2019 This thesis by Tyler Wade d'Entremont was defended successfully in an oral examination on 24 June 2019. The examining committee for the thesis was: _____________________________________ Dr. Mary Sweatman, Chair _____________________________________ Dr. Jeremy Lundholm, External Reader _____________________________________ Dr. Mark Mallory, Internal Reader _____________________________________ Dr. Allison Walker, Supervisor _____________________________________ Dr. Juan Carlos López-Gutiérrez, Supervisor _____________________________________ Dr. Rodger Evans, Head/Director This thesis is accepted in its present form by the Division of Research and Graduate Studies as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree Master of Science (Biology). ..................................................................... ii I, Tyler Wade d’Entremont, grant permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to archive, preserve, reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper, or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. I undertake to submit my thesis, through my University, to Library and Archives Canada and to allow them to archive, preserve, reproduce, convert into any format, and to make available in print or online to the public for non-profit purposes. I, however, retain the copyright in my thesis. _________________________________ Author _________________________________ Supervisor _________________________________ Supervisor _________________________________ Date iii Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... XI PRELUDE .................................................................................................................................................. XII CHAPTER 1: SALTMARSH SEDIMENT FUNGAL COMMUNITIES DIFFER BASED ON SALTMARSH ZONATION AND LOCATION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Saltmarsh status ....................................................................................................1 1.1.2 Fungi in saltmarshes .............................................................................................2 1.1.3 Environmental DNA ..............................................................................................2 1.1.4 Objectives ..............................................................................................................3 1.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Study areas ............................................................................................................4 1.2.2 Sample collection ..................................................................................................5 1.2.3 DNA extraction ......................................................................................................6 1.2.4 Analysis of fungal ITS2 metaamplicon sequence data ..........................................6 1.3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Fungal species composition in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia saltmarshes ................7 1.3.2 Species richness among Minas Basin saltmarsh sites and sediment zones ...........8 1.3.3 Comparison of species composition in saltmarshes of the Minas Basin ...............9 1.4 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 Sediment fungal diversity in saltmarshes of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia ........ 10 1.4.2 Fungal species richness differs by location and sediment zone .......................... 13 1.4.3 Species composition is dependent on the location and sediment collection zone 13 1.4.4 Concluding remarks ............................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 2: AMF ARE UBIQUITOUS THROUGHOUT SALTMARSHES OF THE MINAS BASIN, NOVA SCOTIA ........................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.1 Saltmarshes ......................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ............................................................................. 17 2.1.3 Identification of fungal symbionts ....................................................................... 18 2.1.4 Quantification of AMF colonization .................................................................... 19 2.1.5 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 20 2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Study Areas .......................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Core collection .................................................................................................... 20 2.2.3 Sample preparation ............................................................................................. 22 2.2.4 DNA extraction .................................................................................................... 22 2.2.5 Nested polymerase chain reaction ...................................................................... 22 2.2.6 Agarose gel extraction for amplicon purification ............................................... 23 2.2.7 PCR of isolated DNA amplicons from gel extraction .......................................... 23 2.2.8 Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences ............................................................ 24 2.2.9 Sediment chemical characterization.................................................................... 25 iv 2.2.10 Staining of mycorrhizae and root colonization assessment................................. 25 2.2.11 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................... 26 2.3 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Fungal rDNA analysis......................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Sediment chemical characterization ................................................................... 28 2.3.3 Interannual AMF colonization of Sporobolus pumilus roots at the study sites ... 29 2.3.4 Seasonal AMF colonization of Sporobolus pumilus roots .................................. 30 2.3.5 Analysis of site-specific AMF colonization ......................................................... 31 2.4 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 AMF diversity in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia saltmarshes ................................... 32 2.4.2 Saltmarsh sediment chemical characterization at three sites in the Minas Basin, NS 34 2.4.3 AMF colonization by year ................................................................................... 35 2.4.4 AMF colonization based on collection period..................................................... 35 2.4.5 AMF colonization differs by collection site ......................................................... 36 2.4.6 Concluding remarks ............................................................................................ 37 CHAPTER 3: INOCULATION OF RHIZOME DERIVED SPOROBOLUS PUMILUS WITH FUNNELIFORMIS GEOSPORUM MAY BE ESSENTIAL FOR SALTMARSH RESTORATION SUCCESS ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Restoration efforts ............................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Objectives ...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gene and Transposable Element Expression
    Gene and Transposable Element Expression Evolution Following Recent and Past Polyploidy Events in Spartina (Poaceae) Delphine Giraud, Oscar Lima, Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin, Armel Salmon, Malika Ainouche To cite this version: Delphine Giraud, Oscar Lima, Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin, Armel Salmon, Malika Ainouche. Gene and Transposable Element Expression Evolution Following Recent and Past Polyploidy Events in Spartina (Poaceae). Frontiers in Genetics, 2021, 12, 10.3389/fgene.2021.589160. hal-03216905 HAL Id: hal-03216905 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03216905 Submitted on 4 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License fgene-12-589160 March 19, 2021 Time: 12:36 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 25 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.589160 Gene and Transposable Element Expression Evolution Following Recent and Past Polyploidy Events in Spartina (Poaceae) Delphine Giraud1, Oscar Lima1, Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin2, Armel Salmon1 and Malika Aïnouche1* 1 UMR CNRS 6553 Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, 2 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France Gene expression dynamics is a key component of polyploid evolution, varying in nature, intensity, and temporal scales, most particularly in allopolyploids, where two or more sub-genomes from differentiated parental species and different repeat contents are merged.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Marsh Plants of Long Island Sound R
    Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College Bulletins Connecticut College Arboretum 2015 Bulletin No. 40: Salt Marsh Plants of Long Island Sound R. Scott aW rren Juliana Barrett Margaret Van Patten Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/arbbulletins Part of the Botany Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Warren, R. Scott; Barrett, Juliana; and Van Patten, Margaret, "Bulletin No. 40: Salt Marsh Plants of Long Island Sound" (2015). Bulletins. Paper 39. http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/arbbulletins/39 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Connecticut College Arboretum at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. SALT MARSH PLANTS of Long Island Sound revised second edition To order additional copies of this publicaton, please contact: Connecticut Sea Grant 1080 Shennecossett Road Groron, CT 06340-6048 Tel. 860-405-9128 http://seagrant. ucon n.edu or Can necticut College Arboretum Box 5201 270 Mohegan Avenue New London, CT 06320 Tel. 860-439-5020 http://www. can ncoll.edul the-arboreeu m Long • -Island Sound SmGifutt Study Connecticut O ©20 15 Connecticut Sea Grant and Connecticut College Arboretum First edition published in 2009 CTSG-15·14 Salt Marsh Plants of Long Island Sound by R. Scott Warren, Juliana Barrett, and Margaret S. Van Patten Second edition Revised 2015 , Salt Marsh Plants of Long Island Sound Long .
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Journal of Science Official Publication of the Virginia Academy of Science
    VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. 62 No. 3 Fall 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLES PAGE Breeding Biology of Oryzomys Palustris, the Marsh Rice Rat, in Eastern Virginia. Robert K. Rose and Erin A. Dreelin. 113 Abstracts missing from Volume 62 Number 1 & 2 123 Academy Minutes 127 The Horsley Award paper for 2011 135 Virginia Journal of Science Volume 62, Number 3 Fall 2011 Breeding Biology of Oryzomys Palustris, the Marsh Rice Rat, in Eastern Virginia Robert K. Rose1 and Erin A. Dreelin2, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266 ABSTRACT The objectives of our study were to determine the age of maturity, litter size, and the timing of the breeding season of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) of coastal Virginia. From May 1995 to May 1996, monthly samples of rice rats were live-trapped in two coastal tidal marshes of eastern Virginia, and then necropsied. Sexual maturity was attained at 30-40 g for both sexes. Mean litter size of 4.63 (n = 16) did not differ among months or in mass or parity classes. Data from two other studies conducted in the same county, one of them contemporaneous, also were examined. Based on necropsy, rice rats bred from March to October; breeding did not occur in December-February. By contrast, rice rats observed during monthly trapping on nearby live-trap grids were judged, using external indicators, to be breeding year-round except January. Compared to internal examinations, external indicators of reproductive condition were not reliable for either sex in predicting breeding status in the marsh rice rat.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Marsh Hazard Atlas & Project Compendium
    Great Marsh Hazard Atlas & Project Compendium Prepared by the National Wildlife Federation | June 2018 Great Marsh Hazard Atlas & Project Compendium June 2018 Prepared for: Town of Essex, Massachusetts 30 Martin Street Essex, MA 01929 and Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management 251 Causeway Street, Suite 800 Boston, MA 02114-2136 Prepared by: National Wildlife Federation 11100 Wildlife Center Drive Reston, VA 20190 This document was produced with funding provided by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management through their Coastal Community Resilience Grant Program. Cover photo © Abby Manzi/DeRosa Environmental Consulting, Inc. www.nwf.org Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Hazard Atlas .............................................................................................................................................. 1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................ 2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................... 3 Birds ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Shellfish ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • B a N I S T E R I A
    B A N I S T E R I A A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA ISSN 1066-0712 Published by the Virginia Natural History Society The Virginia Natural History Society (VNHS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the dissemination of scientific information on all aspects of natural history in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including botany, zoology, ecology, archaeology, anthropology, paleontology, geology, geography, and climatology. The society’s periodical Banisteria is a peer-reviewed, open access, online-only journal. Submitted manuscripts are published individually immediately after acceptance. A single volume is compiled at the end of each year and published online. The Editor will consider manuscripts on any aspect of natural history in Virginia or neighboring states if the information concerns a species native to Virginia or if the topic is directly related to regional natural history (as defined above). Biographies and historical accounts of relevance to natural history in Virginia also are suitable for publication in Banisteria. Membership dues and inquiries about back issues should be directed to the Co-Treasurers, and correspondence regarding Banisteria to the Editor. For additional information regarding the VNHS, including other membership categories, annual meetings, field events, pdf copies of papers from past issues of Banisteria, and instructions for prospective authors visit http://virginianaturalhistorysociety.com/ Editorial Staff: Banisteria Editor Todd Fredericksen, Ferrum College 215 Ferrum Mountain Road Ferrum, Virginia 24088 Associate Editors Philip Coulling, Nature Camp Incorporated Clyde Kessler, Virginia Tech Nancy Moncrief, Virginia Museum of Natural History Karen Powers, Radford University Stephen Powers, Roanoke College C. L. Staines, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Copy Editor Kal Ivanov, Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright held by the author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • GULF CORDGRASS but Older Mature Plants Are Too Tough Even for Horses
    Plant Fact Sheet prescribed burn. The new, young shoots are tender, GULF CORDGRASS but older mature plants are too tough even for horses. Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Status Merr. ex A.S. Hitchc. Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Plant Symbol = SPSP Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, Contributed by: USDA NRCS Kika de la Garza Plant state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Materials Center Description Gulf cordgrass is a stout, native, perennial grass that grows in dense clumps. It has a non-rhizomatous base, although occasionally it can be sub-rhizomatous towards the outer edges of the clump. Also called sacahuista, the tips of this grass’s leaf blades are sharp and spine-like. It flowers in spring, summer, and rarely in the fall. It is moderately saline tolerant (0-18 ppt.), and does well in mesic areas. It can even grow in soils that are occasionally submerged, but are above sea level most of the time. The genus name comes from the Greek word “spartine’, meaning cord from spartes or Spartium junceum. The genus name probably was given because the leaf blades are tough, like cords; hence, the common name cordgrass. Adaptation and Distribution Gulf cordgrass grows along the Gulf Coast from USDA NRCS Kika de la Garza Plant Materials Center Florida to Texas, and South into Eastern Mexico. Kingsville, TX More rarely, gulf cordgrass grows inland in marshes, swamps, and moist prairies. It can also be found Alternate Names along the Caribbean coasts, and inland in Argentina sacahuista, Vilfa spartinae Trin.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Marsh Dieback: the Response of Spartina Alterniflora To
    SALT MARSH DIEBACK: THE RESPONSE OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA TO DISTURBANCES AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR MARSH INVERTEBRATES by CAROLINE ROCHESTER MCFARLIN (Under the Direction of Merryl Alber) ABSTRACT Spartina alterniflora is a foundation species that plays a disproportionately critical role in salt marshes, as it ameliorates chemical and physical stress to other plants and animals, provides essential habitat, protection from predators, and a source of organic matter to associated fauna. Disturbances including sudden dieback, herbivore overgrazing, and wrack deposition can lead to a loss of Spartina and thus, indirectly affect the invertebrate community. My goals were 1) to examine the effects on the invertebrate communities in 2 different geographical regions (GA, LA) and among 4 different disturbances within a region (GA), 2) to determine whether various disturbances would elicit a similar and predictable physiological response (the DMSO:DMSP ratio, and metal load) in Spartina that could be used as a sensitive and predictable indicator of stress among various disturbance types, and 3) to document the never before described long-term trajectory and patterns of recovery from sudden dieback in a Spartina and Juncus roemerianus marsh. Spartina loss in GA and LA led to similar decreases in Littoraria irrorata (periwinkle snails), but there were strong differences in the responses of infauna between the states and among years. These results suggested context-dependency in both the effect of foundation species within a geographical region and in the evaluation of the ecosystem service provided at the time of sampling. Overall and despite differing results, it was found that Spartina was ultimately was important in maintaining the invertebrate communities in both states.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017
    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Ecology of the Marsh Rice Rat (<I
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Faculty Publications 5-1-2013 Socio-ecology of the Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris) and the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Bayou Virus in Coastal Texas Tyla S. Holsomback Texas Tech University, [email protected] Christopher J. Van Nice Texas Tech University Rachel N. Clark Texas Tech University Alisa A. Abuzeineh University of Southern Mississippi Jorge Salazar-Bravo Texas Tech University Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Holsomback, T. S., Van Nice, C. J., Clark, R. N., Abuzeineh, A. A., Salazar-Bravo, J. (2013). Socio-ecology of the Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris) and the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Bayou Virus in Coastal Texas. Geospatial Health, 7(2), 289-298. Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/8826 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geospatial Health 7(2), 2013, pp. 289-298 Socio-ecology of the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) and the spatio-temporal distribution of Bayou virus in coastal Texas Tyla S. Holsomback1, Christopher J. Van Nice2, Rachel N. Clark2, Nancy E. McIntyre1, Alisa A. Abuzeineh3, Jorge Salazar-Bravo1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 2Department of Economics and Geography, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus Adamanteus) Ambush Site Selection in Coastal Saltwater Marshes
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2020 Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Ambush Site Selection in Coastal Saltwater Marshes Emily Rebecca Mausteller [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Mausteller, Emily Rebecca, "Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Ambush Site Selection in Coastal Saltwater Marshes" (2020). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1313. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1313 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. EASTERN DIAMONDBACK RATTLESNAKE (CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS) AMBUSH SITE SELECTION IN COASTAL SALTWATER MARSHES A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biological Sciences by Emily Rebecca Mausteller Approved by Dr. Shane Welch, Committee Chairperson Dr. Jayme Waldron Dr. Anne Axel Marshall University December 2020 i APPROVAL OF THESIS We, the faculty supervising the work of Emily Mausteller, affirm that the thesis, Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Ambush Site Selection in Coastal Saltwater Marshes, meets the high academic standards for original scholarship and creative work established by the Biological Sciences Program and the College of Science. This work also conforms to the editorial standards of our discipline and the Graduate College of Marshall University.
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae) De México Species Richness, Classification and a Checklist of the Grasses (Poaceae) of Mexico
    Artículo de investigación Riqueza de especies, clasificación y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México Species richness, classification and a checklist of the grasses (Poaceae) of Mexico J. Gabriel Sánchez-Ken Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: En 2006 se dio a conocer el catálogo de las gramíneas de México, pero desde entonces tanto la clasificación como la apa- rición de especies nuevas cambiaron las cifras de esta familia en México y en el mundo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue actualizar la lista de taxa en México, reuniendo el mayor número posible de bases de datos en línea. Otros objetivos incluyeron la comparación de la riqueza de especies de la familia Poaceae entre los países con mayor diversidad, así como analizar la riqueza de sus taxa a nivel estatal y por categorías taxonómicas. Métodos: Se consultaron bases de datos en línea, tanto nacionales como extranjeras, que incluían ejemplares de referencia de México, se descarga- ron y se curaron, además de una confirmación visual de la identidad de un gran porcentaje de ejemplares. Se extrajeron los nombres de las especies, estados donde fueron colectadas y los acrónimos de los herbarios. La base resultante se complementó solo con bibliografía a partir de 2006 y la no incluida en el catálogo que mostraba ejemplares de respaldo. Resultados clave: Se revisaron 227,973 registros que contabilizaron, en total, 1416 taxa, que incluyen 215 géneros, 1312 especies y 214 categorías infraespecíficas. Del total de especies, 1092 se consideran nativas y 224 introducidas (cultivadas y/o malezas). Las especies endémicas de México son 304 (27.83%) o 311 (28.10%) si se consideran categorías inferiores.
    [Show full text]
  • TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH (GIANT CORDGRASS SUBTYPE) Concept: Tidal Freshwater Marshes Are Very Wet Herbaceous Wetlands, Permanently
    TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH (GIANT CORDGRASS SUBTYPE) Concept: Tidal Freshwater Marshes are very wet herbaceous wetlands, permanently saturated and regularly or irregularly flooded by lunar or wind tides with fully fresh or oligohaline water. The Giant Cordgrass Subtype covers the common, though often narrow, zones dominated by Sporobolus (Spartina) cynosuroides. This subtype has a broad range of salt tolerance, and may occur from marginally brackish to fully fresh water. Distinguishing Features: All Tidal Freshwater Marsh communities are distinguished from Brackish Marsh and Salt Marsh by occurring in oligohaline to fresh water and having plants intolerant of brackish water. The Giant Cordgrass Subtype is distinguished from all other subtypes by the strong or weak dominance of Sporobolus (Spartina) cynosuroides. Synonyms: Spartina cynosuroides Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004195). Atlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Freshwater Marsh (CES203.259). Ecological Systems: Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Fresh and Oligohaline Tidal Marsh (CES203.376). Sites: This community occurs in intertidal flats and shorelines, most often in zoned mosaics with other subtypes. The Giant Cordgrass Subtype often occurs along the shoreline of the sound or tidal channels on the edges of marsh mosaics. Soils: Most occurrences in both lunar and wind tidal areas have organic soils, most often Currituck (Terric Haplosaprist) but often Lafitte, Hobonny, or Dorovan (Typic Haplosaprists). A few may be mineral soils such as Chowan (Thapto-histic Fluvaquent). Hydrology: Lunar or wind tides in oligohaline waters, occasionally in areas that are nearly brackish in salinity. Vegetation: The Giant Cordgrass Subtype consists of dense tall herbaceous vegetation dominated by Sporobolus (Spartina) cynosuroides. This may be almost the only species in some areas, but it may be mixed with any of a number of other species and be only weakly dominant.
    [Show full text]