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The Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviour and Its Correlation with Certain Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2011;24:13-23 Researches DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN2011240102 The Prevalence of Özden Polatöz1, Nesim Kuğu2, Orhan Doğan3, Gamze Akyüz4 Suicidal Behaviour and Its 1Psychiatrist, Adana Hospital for Mental Health and Disorders, Adana - Turkey 2Assoc. Prof. Dr. 3Prof. Dr. Cumhuriyet University Correlation with Certain Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sivas - Turkey 4 Sociodemographic Variables Assoc. Prof. of Psychiatry, Retired, İzmir - Turkey in Sivas Province ABSTRACT The prevalence of suicidal behaviour and its correlation with certain sociodemographic variables in Sivas province Objective: In this study, investigation of suicidal behaviour and its correlation with certain sociodemographic variables in Sivas province in Turkey was aimed. Methods: The sample group of this research consisted of 1117 individuals in the age range of 18-65, selected by using stratified sampling method. The study was performed in two stages. In the first stage, sociodemographic data form, the Suicide Behaviour Scale, the Suicide Ideation Scale were administrated to the participants who were selected from 500 homes. In the second stage, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-II Disorders and the Suicide Intention Scale were administrated to persons who had suicide attempt history. Results: While the prevalence of lifetime suicide behaviour was found to be as 2.23%, the prevalence of lifetime suicide planning or attempt was 3.58%, suicide ideation for the last one year 1.43%, lifetime suicide attempt 1.43%, and lifetime suicide intention was 0.62%. Suicidal behaviours were more frequent in involuntary marriages than in voluntary ones. With the increased duration of marriage, both suicide behaviour and suicide ideations were decreasing significantly. The rate of suicide ideation was significantly higher for individuals with alcohol abuse history than the ones without. Discussion: The rate of suicidal behaviours, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt found in this study were lower than that of found in studies performed in western countries. The possible reasons for this might be the methodological differences of the studies, religious and cultural differences between the countries in which the studies were carried out. Key words: Suicide behaviour, epidemiology, general population ÖZET Sivas il merkezinde intihar davranışının yaygınlığı ve bazı sosyodemografik faktörlerle ilişkisi Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Sivas il merkezinde intihar davranışının yaygınlığı ve bu davranış ile bazı sosyodemogra- fik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini, tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 18-65 yaş aralığındaki 1117 birey oluş- turdu. Çalışma iki aşamada gerçekleştirildi. İlk aşamada, daha önce saptanan 500 hanedeki 18-65 yaş aralığın- daki katılımcılar sosyodemografik bilgi formu, intihar davranış ölçeği ve intihar düşünce ölçeğini doldurdu. İkin- ci aşamada, görüşmeciler intihar girişimi öyküsü olanlara SCID-I ve SCID-II ölçeklerini uyguladı. Bulgular: Yaşam boyu intihar davranışının yaygınlık oranı %2.23, yaşam boyu intihar planı veya girişiminin yay- Address reprint requests to: gınlık oranı %3.58, son bir yılda intihar düşüncesinin yaygınlık oranı %1.43, yaşam boyu intihar girişiminin yaygın- Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nesim Kuğu, Cumhuriyet lık oranı %1.43 ve yaşam boyu intihar niyetinin yaygınlık oranı ise %0.62 olarak bulundu. İntihar davranışı istatis- University School of Medicine, Department of tiksel olarak istemeden yapılan evliliklerde, isteyerek yapılan evliliklere göre anlamlı şekilde daha fazlaydı. Yine Psychiatry 58140, Sivas - Turkey evlilik süresinin artmasıyla birlikte, hem intihar davranışı hem de intihar düşüncesi anlamlı şekilde azalmaktaydı. Phone: +90-346-258-0865 İntihar düşüncesi oranı alkol kullanım öyküsü olanlarda, olmayanlara göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti. E-mail address: Tartışma: Bu çalışmada ortaya çıkan intihar davranışı, intihar düşüncesi ve intihar girişimi oranları, batı ülkele- [email protected] rinde yapılan çalışmalarda elde edilen oranlara göre daha düşüktür. Bunun nedenleri arasında, çalışmalar ara- sındaki yöntemsel farklılıklarla çalışmaların yapıldığı toplumlar arasındaki dini ve kültürel farklılıklar sayılabilir. Date of acceptance: Anahtar kelimeler: İntihar davranışı, epidemiyoloji, genel nüfus December 27, 2010 Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, Mart 2011 / Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, Volume 24, Number 1, March 2011 13 The prevalence of suicidal behaviour and its correlation with certain sociodemographic variables in Sivas province INTRODUCTION frequency was found 2.6/100.000 and suicidal attempt frequency was found 31.5/100.000 in 1995 (9,10). uicide and suicidal attempts are accepted as an Findings from studies done in Turkey on prevalence of Simportant public health problem both in Turkey suicides showed that prevalence of suicidal attempts are and worldwide (1-3). According to World Health quite low in Turkey however rate of increase is strikingly Report, recorded annual deaths due to suicide are over high (11,12). 800.000 (2). Prevalence of suicide cases in US are There is limited number of studies done in Turkey 12/100.000 and it is the 8th most prevalent death among about prevalence of suicidal behavior with samples unnatural deaths (1,3). representing general population. In this study, we Most of the suicidal ideas and behaviors vary aimed to detect prevalence of suicidal behaviors (suicidal between less severe and more frequent condition (such idea, suicidal intent, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt) as suicidal ideas) and more severe and less frequent in Sivas city center. Additionally, relationship between condition (such as completed suicide)(4). Suicidal suicidal behaviors and some socio-demographic planning follows suicidal idea and this may conclude variables which may be risk factors for these behaviors with death (5). Because completed suicides and suicidal were also investigated. attempts are the main focus of suicide research, there are few studies focusing on suicidal ideas and suicidal MATERIAL AND METHODS plans (5). In general population studies, incidence of suicidal ideas among adults in the previous year was This study was performed in 2005 at Sivas city reported 2-11% and life-time prevalence was reported center which has a population of 225,000 according to 2.1-24%, one-year incidence of suicidal attempts was 2000 census. People living in rural areas of Sivas reported 0.3-2.6% and life-time prevalence was reported province were not included in the study. People who 0.7-10% and lastly incidence of suicidal plans in the last were between 18-65 years old in Sivas city center was year was reported 1.5-2.7% and life-time prevalence 120.000. Targeted population of our study was 120,000 was reported 3.9-13% (6). In a study by Kessler et al. who were 59,220 women and 60,780 men (Table 1). (7), suicidal idea, suicide plan and suicidal attempt rates at least once in a life-time were found 13.5%, 3.9% and Table 1: Demographic characteristics of Sivas city center 4.6% consecutively. Sivas City Center Population 225.000 Strongest determinants of risk factors creating Number of Neighborhoods 600 tendency to suicidal behavior were history of suicidal Number of Households 34.831 Number of Households of the Sample 500 attempt and/or severe mental disorders and the most Population 18-65 years of age 120.000 prevalent causes found in suicide victims were first axis Women (18-65) 59.220 Men (18-65) 60.780 affective disorders and substance use disorders (2). In Participants 1117 general population studies, suicidal ideas and attempts Women (18-65) 618 were found to correlate with some socio-demographic Men (18-65) 499 variables such as young age, female gender, living alone or separated, low educational level and Sivas province is one of the underdeveloped unemployment (6). provinces of Turkey which has a long history but low In Turkey, information about suicides is provided educational level, high unemployment rates and by State Statistics Institute (DIE). According to DIE maintaining traditional values. As a consequence, socio- data, annual suicide rate in Turkey is 2.5/100.000. demographic and cultural characteristics of Sivas However, because all suicidal attempts are not reported province do not represent Turkey. There is not any officially, accurate number of suicide cases are possibly epidemiological study done about suicides in general more (3,8). In a study done in Trabzon province, suicide population sample of Sivas province up to date. 14 Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, Mart 2011 / Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, Volume 24, Number 1, March 2011 Ö. Polatöz, N. Kuğu, O. Doğan, G. Akyüz Data Collection Tools Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire (r=0.92) was found 0.73 (p<0.001) for the whole questionnaire. 1. Socio-demographic Information Form: In In the item-test correlation, lowest value was 0.37 and the socio-demographic information form developed by highest value was 0.61. Mean scores from each item our department, age, gender, marital status, age and between groups which attempted and not attempted style of marriage, educational level, income level, suicide were found significantly different (p<0.001). alcohol consumption, family history of any psychiatric
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