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Presencia De Ptychodus Mortoni (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) En El Cretácico Superior De Venezuela

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Presencia De Ptychodus Mortoni (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) En El Cretácico Superior De Venezuela Revista Geológica de América Central, 46: 145-150, 2012 ISSN: 0256-7024 PRESENCIA DE PTYCHODUS MORTONI (ELASMOBRANCHII: PTYCHODONTIDAE) EN EL CRETÁCICO SUPERIOR DE VENEZUELA PRESENCE OF PTYCHODUS MORTINI (ELASMOBRANCHII: PTYCHODONTIDAE) IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF VENEZUELA Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño Programa de Magíster en Oceanografía, Universidad de Valparaíso. Avenida Borgoño 16344, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile [email protected] (Recibido: 9/04/2012 ; aceptado: 11/06/2012) ABSTRACT: Ptychodus mortoni is a durophagous shark characteristic from the Upper Cretaceous, with a chronostra- tigraphic record between the Turonian-Maastrichtian. The present contribution illustrates and describes a set of teeth of Ptychodus mortoni from the La Luna Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Sierra de Perijá, Zulia State, Venezuela. This material represents the only known record for South America, increasing the paleobiogeographi distribution of the taxon, which was previously known only from Africa, North America and Europe. Key word: Chondrichthyes, Late Cretaceous, La Luna Formation, Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela. RESUMEN: Ptychodus mortoni es un tiburón durofago característico del Cretácico Superior, con un registro cro- noestratigráfico entre el Turoniano- Maastrichtiano. En la presente contribución se ilustra y describe un conjunto de dientes de un mismo ejemplar de Ptychodus mortoni, proveniente de la Formación La Luna, del Cretácico Superior de La Sierra de Perijá, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Este material representa el único registro conocido de esta especie para América del sur y extiende la distribución paleobiogeográfica del taxón, el cual era conocido sólo para África, América del Norte y Europa. Palabras clave: Chondrichthyes, Cretácico Superior, Formación La Luna, Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela. CARRILLO-BRICEÑO, J.D., 2012: Presencia de Ptychodus mortoni (Elasmobranchii: Ptychodontidae) en el Cretácico Superior de Venezuela.- Rev. Geol. Amér. Central, 46: 145-150. 146 REVISTA GEOLÓGICA DE AMÉRICA CENTRAL Ptychodus Agassiz 1835, es un género de ti- La presente contribución tiene por objeto des- burones característicos del Cretácico Superior, con cribir e ilustrar el material de P. mortoni mencio- una distribución cronoestratigráfica que va desde nado por Aguilera & Lundberg (2010) y Aguilera el Albiense hasta el Maestrichtiense (Johnson (2010), así como discutir las implicancias paleo- et al., 2002). El género Ptychodus presenta una biogeográficas que este registro representa. morfología dental adaptada para la trituración, lo que ha llevado a pensar que los representantes de este género poseían hábitos alimenticios ba- SISTEMÁTICA sados en moluscos (Cappetta, 1987; Shimada et al., 2010). En la actualidad se conocen poco más Clase Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 de 12 especies con registros en África, America Orden incertae sedis del Norte y del Sur, Asia, Australia, Europa y El Familia Ptychodontidae Jaekel, 1898 Caribe (Reinhart, 1951; Wenz, 1972; Cappetta, Genero Ptychodus Agassiz, 1835 1987; Williamson et al., 1989; Welton & Farish, Ptychodus mortoni, Mantell 1839 1993; Antunes & Cappetta, 2002; Brito & Janvier, Fig. 2 A-D 2002; Mutter et al., 2005). La posición sistemá- tica de Ptychodus todavía es muy controvertida. Material referido: Cinco dientes completos Se ha propuesto que estos tiburones deben ser in- sueltos; dos dientes completos y veinte dien- cluidos tanto en el grupo de los hybodontiformes tes fragmentados contenidos en una concre- (Cappetta, 1987; Welton & Farish, 1993), como ción calcárea; todo el material está depositado en el de los Neoselachii (Maisey et al., 2004). en la Colección de Paleontología de la Alcaldía Ptychodus mortoni Mantell 1839, es una de de Urumaco en el Estado Falcón bajo el código las especies mejor conocidas y su registro incluye CURS-211. el Cretácico Superior de África, América del Norte Edad y Geología: Los ejemplares aquí y Europa, con una distribución cronoestratigráfi- tratados provienen de los afloramientos de la ca que va desde el Turoniano Temprano hasta el Formación La Luna en la Sierra de Perijá, es- Maastrichtiano (Cappetta, 1987; Alvarado-Ortega tado Zulia. Debido al amplio rango cronoestra- et al., 2006; Blanco-Piñón et al., 2007; Shimada et tigráfico (Cenomaniano - Campaniano) de esta al., 2010). La mayoría de los registros de P. mor- unidad geológica en el occidente de Venezuela toni se limitan a dientes aislados; sin embargo, (Zapata et al., 2003) y dado que se desconoce también se conocen algunos registros excepciona- la localidad exacta del hallazgo, no es posible les, representados por placas dentales completas precisar con mayor detalle la edad de los ejem- del Cretácico Superior de Kansas, en América del plares. En la Sierra de Perijá la Formación La Norte. Algunos de estos ejemplares fósiles han Luna esta suprayaciendo al Grupo Cogollo, el permitido hipotetizar tamaños de hasta 10 m para cual tiene una edad Aptiense-Albiense; sin em- este tiburón (Shimada et al., 2010). El único regis- bargo, autores como Erlich et al., (1998), plan- tro conocido de P. mortoni para América del Sur tean que para la zona existe un hiatus regional fue reportado por Aguilera & Lundberg (2010) y de casi todo el Cenomaniano para la base de Aguilera (2010), para el Cretácico Superior de la Formación La Luna, quedando esta unidad Venezuela. El material de Venezuela proviene geológica asignada en la región con un ran- de la Sierra de Perijá, en el Estado Zulia (Fig. 1), go cronoestratigráfico entre el Cenomaniano pero la ubicación exacta del hallazgo se descono- Superior y el Santoniano, donde existe un ce. Según Aguilera (2010), el material referido a cambio transicional hacia la suprayacente P. mortoni corresponde a la Formación La Luna. Formación Socuy (Campaniano). Revista Geológica de América Central, 46: 145-150, 2012 / ISSN: 0256-7024 CARRILLO-BRICEÑO: Presencia de Ptychodus mortoni (Elasmobranchii... 147 Fig. 1: Situación relativa de la Sierra de Perijá en el Occidente de Venezuela, Estado Zulia (modificado de Garrity et al., 2004). Descripción: se describen aquí los cinco DISCUSIÓN dientes completos que se hayan desprendidos de la matriz. Estos son considerados como represen- Según Cappetta (1987), los dientes de tativos del conjunto y su condición de preserva- Ptychodus mortoni poseen una morfología co- ción permite describirlos en forma detallada. ronaria caracterizada por una cúspide cónica de Se trata de dos dientes postero laterales y tres donde parte en forma radial una serie de fuertes antero mediales. Todos poseen la corona con una crestas que en el área marginal se hacen más finas cúspide en forma de domo. De dicha cúspide par- y adquieren un patrón reticular. Estas característi- ten una serie de fuertes crestas que se distribu- cas de la corona son diagnósticas de esta especie yen radialmente hasta el área marginal, donde se (Cappetta, 1987). hacen más finas y forman un patrón reticular. El Dentro del género Ptychodus, los ejempla- ejemplar más grande tiene 25 mm de ancho, 19 res más similares a P. mortoni corresponden a los mm de largo y una altura de la corona de 14 mm. taxones P. cyclodontis, del Turoniano de Cuba Revista Geológica de América Central, 46: 145-150, 2012 / ISSN: 0256-7024 148 REVISTA GEOLÓGICA DE AMÉRICA CENTRAL Fig. 2: A-D, Ptychodus mortoni (CURS-211). A-C, dientes anterior medial en vista oclusal, en vista labial (A’, B’) y en vista lingual (C’). D, diente posterior lateral en vista oclusal y en vista lingual (D’). (Mutter et al., 2005); Ptychodus sp., presumible- Farish, 1993). Sin embargo, los dientes de P. mor- mente de la Formación La Luna, en Venezuela toni presentan una corona más redondeada y no (Brito & Janvier, 2002) y Ptychodus sp., pro- tan aguda como los descritos por Carrillo (2009). cedente de la Formación La Luna en el estado Los caracteres morfológicos coronarios observa- Trujillo, en los Andes de Venezuela (Carrillo, dos en los dientes CURS-211 y su patrón hete- 2009). Sin embargo, los ejemplares mencionados rodonto permiten ratificar la asignación de estos de Ptychodus cyclodontis y Ptychodus sp. se di- ejemplares a P. mortoni. ferencian de CURS-211 por poseer una dentición La distribución paleobiogeográfica y cro- homodonta (Brito & Janvier, 2002; Mutter et al., noestratigráfica de Ptychodus mortoni conocida 2005) vs. dentición heterodonta en P. mortoni. hasta el momento incluye África, en el Turoniano Los ejemplares de Ptychodus sp. descritos Superior de Angola (Antunes & Cappetta, 2002); para la Formación La Luna (Carrillo, 2009) pre- América del Norte, en el Coniaciano-Campaniano sentan una variabilidad en tamaños y formas que de Estados Unidos de Norte América (Cappetta, llevarían a pensar que pertenecen a un conjunto 1987; Williamson et al., 1989; Shimada et al., dentario heterodonto muy similar a los dientes 2010) y el Turoniano Temprano-Maastrichtiano cónicos antero laterales de P. mortoni (Welton & de México (Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2006; Blanco- Revista Geológica de América Central, 46: 145-150, 2012 / ISSN: 0256-7024 CARRILLO-BRICEÑO: Presencia de Ptychodus mortoni (Elasmobranchii... 149 Piñón et al., 2007) y Europa, en el Coniaciano- ANTUNES, M.T. & CAPPETTA, H., 2002: Sélaciens Campaniano de Bélgica, Inglaterra e Italia du Crétacé (Albién-Maastrichtien) d’Angola.- (Blanco-Piñón et al., 2007). Palaeontographica, Abtheilung A, 264: 85-146. ALVARADO-ORTEGA, J., GARIBAY- CONCLUSIONES ROMERO, L.M., BLANCO-PIÑÓN, A., GONZÁLEZ-BARBA, G., VEGA- Aguilera & Lundberg (2010) y Aguilera (2010) VERA, F. J. & CENTENO-GARCÍA, E., asignaron
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