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Livestock Research in K M Mm M ^ I ^H'iodii Watershed Managementi^A.Oon Ccajiiil South Wouo Liurarv

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Livestock Research in K M Mm M ^ I ^H'iodii Watershed Managementi^A.Oon Ccajiiil South Wouo Liurarv Livestock Research in k m mm m ^ I ^H'iODii Watershed Managementi^a.Oon Ccajiiil South WoUo liurarv forage b fceb artb conservation Amhara Region Agricultural Bureau and EARO // | ■ B » July 2000 ^Animals grazing on begrabcb taut) Travelling Seminar Report, July 2000 I / l l 1^ Acknowledgements The team gratefully acknowledges the Amhara Region for providing the team a privilege to participate In on-farm livestock production at watershed sites, such approach will assist to develop a shared vision that can mobilise national research system around a common set of shared perspective and objectives, as well as a vision of the future. Dr Belay Semane Is highly acknowledged for organizing and managing the travelling mission. The hospitality and generosity of the team members of the project is highly appreciated. The process has promoted symbiotic relationships with extension agents, researchers and farmers. The enthusiastic team members and determinations of the farmers to change their environment and farm productivity have inspired us to understand that the capacity to generate and effectively use knowledge in development efforts relates to the development of an Innovative capacity that requires not only efficient extension system but also the farmers' Involvement, we are grateful to the earo management for the support and facilitating the trip. we hope all joint planned activities will be translated Into meaningful results. Travelling Seminar Report, July 2000 FOREWARD South wollo is endowed with diverse livestock population, Its farming system is dependent on livestock for food, security and survival. Oxen are the main source of traction, in major barley growing weredas equines are important for ploughing other than serving as pack animals, in some weredas like Debre Sina weredas farmers are also using cows for the same purpose. However, the productivity of livestock is challenged by technical and non­ technical constraints. With Increasing population and accompanied urbanization, livestock has to provide opportunities for generating income for smallholders, while meeting the nutritional needs. Research and development has to ensure these demands that are socially, economically and environmentally ways. Livestock production in south wollo region is complex as compared with East Gojjam. Even though the main technical constraints affecting productivity of the two watershed areas can be regarded as the same, the degree and order of priorities are different. The challenge is the same as portrayed by Tribe (1994): The challenge we all face today Is learning how to produce higher yields of crops and livestock while still conserving essential natural resources, like soil, water, forests, and biodiversity which will be needed for the survival of future generations. The travelling seminar was undertaken by research teams with the aim of setting livestock research priorities (on-farm and on-station) to enhance their contribution to environmentally sustainable production system at watershed sites of South Wollo. The assessment was based on consultation with researchers, extensionists, development agents and farmers. The different discussion forum provided valuable information in designing the research areas. The report identifies researchable issues, trainings and recommendations that need the attention of the region. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page N um Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................................i Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................ii 1.0. Introductions..................................................................................................................................l 2.0. Objcctivcs and Expected O u tp u t.......................................................................................... 2 2.1. Objectives and Expcctcd output.............................................................................................2 2.2 Approach and Processes............................................................................................................2 3.0. Description of South W ollo...........................................................................................................3 3.1. Climate and Elevation.............................................................................................................. 3 3.2. Rainfall..........................................................................................................................................3 3.3. Topography and Soil.................................................................................................................3 3.4. Human Population..................................................................................................................... 4 3.5. Animal Resource........................................................................................................................4 3.6. Land u se.......................................................................................................................................5 3.7. Feed Resource............................................................................................................................ 5 3.8. Crop Production System...........................................................................................................6 3.9. Livestock Production System.................................................................................................6 4.0. Research Centers and Development Efforts...........................................................................7 4.1. Research Centers........................................................................................................................7 4.1.1. Kombolcha Poultry Breeding and Multiplication Center......................................7 4.1.2. Sirinka Agricultural Research Center...........................................................................8 4.1.3. Sheno Agricultural Research Center.............................................................................8 4.2. Activities over the Last 5 years............................................................................................8 4.2.1. Animal and Fishery Development................................................................................ 8 4.2.2. SIDA Supported Watershed Sites..................................................................................9 5.0. Drought and its Effects..................................................................................................................10 5.1. Drought..........................................................................................................................................10 5.2. Effects of 1999 Drought...........................................................................................................12 5.3. Measures Taken.... ........................................................................................................13 6.0. Analysis and Designing Honeybee Production.......................................................................14 6.1. Constraint analysis.......................................................................................................................14 6.2. Future Directions...........................................................................................................................15 6.2.1. Watershed Management Sites.......................................................................................... 15 6.2.2. Emphasis on Supporting Sites............................................................................................16 6.2.3. Fulfilling other Requirements.......................................................................................... 17 7.0. Analysis and Designing Poultry Production Program .......................................................... 19 7.1. Constraint analysis.......................................................................................................................19 7.1.1. Watershed Management Sites.................................................................................... 19 7.1.2. K.uniuoiciia Poultry Breeding and Multiplication Lenter..........................................20 7.2. Future Direction...........................................................................................................................20 7.2.1. Watershed Management Sites........................................................................................... 20 7.2.2. Kombolcha Poultry Breeding and Multiplication Center............. 8.0. Analysis and Designing Small Ruminant Production ......................... 8.1. Constraint analysis.......................................................................................... 8.2. Future Direction............................................................................................... 8.2.1. General......................................................................................................... 8.2.2. Guguftu Sheep Breeding Center........................................................... 8.2.3. Fleece Production and Cottage Industry............................................. 9.0. Analysis and Designing Cattle Production (beef, dairy)..................... 9.1. Constraint analysis.........................................................................................
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