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Dvije Kućne Škropionice Iz Fundusa Arheološkog Muzeja Istre Two Home Stoups from the Holdings of the Archaeological Museum of Istria

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Dvije Kućne Škropionice Iz Fundusa Arheološkog Muzeja Istre Two Home Stoups from the Holdings of the Archaeological Museum of Istria Aleksandra MAHIĆ DVIJE KUĆNE ŠKROPIONICE IZ FUNDUSA ARHEOLOŠKOG MUZEJA ISTRE TWO HOME STOUPS FROM THE HOLDINGS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF ISTRIA Aleksandra Mahić Aleksandra Mahić Arheološki muzej Istre Archaeological Museum of Istria Carrarina 3, Pula, Hrvatska Carrarina 3, Pula, Croatia [email protected] [email protected] UDK 904.2<2-526.4-033.6>"17" UDC 904.2<2-526.4-033.6>"17" 904.2<2-526.4:661.11>"18" 904.2<2-526.4:661.11>"18" 069(497.571Pula):2-526.4"17/18" 069(497.571Pula):2-526.4"17/18" Izvorni znanstveni članak Original scientific paper Primljeno: 21. 8. 2018. Received: August 21, 2018 Odobreno: 16. 4. 2019. Approved: April 16, 2019 Rad u prvom dijelu donosi povijesni pregled razvoja kućnih The first part of this paper presents a historical overview of the škropionica, njihov smještaj te svrhu i način upotrebe. Izdvojeni development of home stoups, including their placement, purpose, su osnovni oblici, vrste materijala od kojih su izrađivane te and the way they were used. Basic forms, types of material najučestaliji ikonografski prikazi na njima. Drugi dio rada they were made of, and the most common iconographic scenes obrađuje dvije kućne škropionice iz Novovjekovne zbirke depicted on them are singled out. The second part of the paper Arheološkog muzeja Istre u Puli. Keramička škropionica sa deals with two home stoups from the Modern Age Collection središnjim motivom Kristova poprsja datira se u drugu polovicu of the Archaeological Museum of Istria in Pula. The ceramic 18. stoljeća, s pretpostavkom da joj je porijeklo s područja sjeverne stoup with the central motif of Christ’s bust is dated to the ili srednje Italije. Staklena, sa scenom Kristova raspeća, smješta second half of the 18th century, and its origin presumably lies in se u 19. stoljeće, a njena se izrada veže za prostor Venecije. the area of the northern or central Italy. The glass one, with the scene of Christ’s crucifixion, is dated to the 19th century, and its manufacture is linked to the area of Venice. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: kućna škropionica; keramika; staklo; KEY WORDS: home stoup; ceramics; glass; devotional items; devocionalije; druga polovica 18. stoljeća; 19. stoljeće; Arheološki second half of the 18th century; 19th century; Archaeological muzej Istre Museum of Istria A. Mahić, Dvije kućne škropionice... Histria archaeol., 49/2018, str. 137-156 UVOD INTRODUCTION fundusu Novovjekovne zbirke Arheološkog mong the holdings of the Modern Age Collection U muzeja Istre čuvaju se dva izrazito zanimljiva A of the Archaeological Museum of Istria, there are predmeta, do sada neobjavljena1. Riječ je o malim two extremely interesting, as yet unpublished items1: two kućnim škropionicama2, keramičkoj iz druge polovice 18. small home stoups2, a ceramic stoup from the second half i staklenoj iz 19. stoljeća. Nepoznato je kako su i odakle of the 18th century, and a glass one, from the 19th century. spomenute škropionice stigle u muzej, ali zasigurno nije It is unknown how and where from these stoups got into riječ o nalazima s arheoloških istraživanja. the museum, but it is definitely certain that they are not findings from an archaeological research. Iako se kućne škropionice čuvaju u fundusima raznih muzeja3, na području Hrvatske malobrojni su tekstovi koji Although home stoups form part of the holdings of 3 ih obrađuju, dok prostor Italije, osim što obiluje velikom various museums , in Croatia there is only a small number količinom spomenutih predmeta, ima i brojnu literaturu of texts that deal with them. In the area of Italy, on the s tom tematikom. Stoga se ovaj rad u najvećem dijelu other hand, apart from a large quantity of these objects, the literature on this subject is abundant as well. Therefore, oslanja upravo na talijansku literaturu, koja je relevantna this paper primarily relies on Italian bibliography as it i zbog brojnih utjecaja koji su odande stizali na istarski was deemed most relevant due to the many influences poluotok. coming from Italy to the Istrian peninsula. Škropionice, posude u kojima se čuva blagoslovljena Stoups, vessels containing the holy water4 intended for voda4 namijenjena škropljenju vjernika, prostora ili sprinkling the believers, rooms or objects, are generally predmeta, općenito se dijele na fiksne odnosno nepomične, divided into two types: fixed, i.e. stationary, placed in postavljene u crkvama (samostojeće ili pričvršćene na zid) churches (free-standing or attached to the wall), and i pomične, odnosno prijenosne. Potonje se pak po svojoj portable, i.e. mobile. The latter are divided into liturgical funkciji dijele na liturgijske (korištene u religijske svrhe) (used for religious purposes), and home or “family” ones i kućne tj. “obiteljske” (namijenjene privatnoj upotrebi) (intended for private use) (Bassan 1991, 108, Domljan (Bassan 1991, 108; Domljan 1966, 370-371; Gussio 2001, 1966, 370-371, Gussio 2001, 23). The sprinkling ritual, 23). Obred škropljenja, kojim se vodom prskaju osobe, which consists of sprinkling water over people, things or stvari ili građevine u želji da se očiste i zaštite, drevnog je buildings with the desire to cleanse and protect them, is of 1 I would like to thank my colleagues from the Archaeological Museum of Istria: Monika Petrović, Katarina Zenzerović, and Tatjana Bradara, who provided me with selfless professional support, 1 Zahvalila bih kolegicama iz Arheološkog muzeja Istre, Moniki a number of useful data and bibliography tips. I also give my thanks Petrović, Katarini Zenzerović i Tatjani Bradara, koje su mi pružile to Mrs. Anna Delia Quarantotto from Rovinj, for the interesting svoju nesebičnu stručnu pomoć, dale niz korisnih podataka i uputile information she provided me with. u literaturu. Zahvala ide i gđi Anni Deliji Quarantotto iz Rovinja 2 Ital.acquasantiera domestica; eng. home stoup, holy water stoup; fra. bénitier na zanimljivim informacijama. de chevet, bénitier domestique; ger. Weihwasserkessel. 2 Tal. acquasantiera domestica; eng. home stoup, holy water stoup; fra. bénitier 3 For example, home stoups are kept in the Museum of Arts and de chevet, bénitier domestique; njem. Weihwasserkessel. Crafts in Zagreb, the Poreč Heritage Museum, the Maritime 3 Kućne škropionice čuvaju se npr. u Muzeju za umjetnost i obrt u and History Museum of the Croatian Littoral in Rijeka, and Zagrebu, Zavičajnom muzeju Poreštine, Povijesnom i pomorskom the Rovinj - Rovigno City Museum. I would like to thank my muzeju Hrvatskog primorja Rijeka i Muzeju Grada Rovinja - colleagues from these institutions: Sandra Kandučar Trojan, Vltava Rovigno. Na susretljivosti i pruženim informacijama zahvaljujem Muk, Tamara Mataija, and Tajana Ujčić, for their obligingness and kolegicama iz navedenih institucija Sandri Kandučar Trojan, Vltavi the information they provided me with. Muk, Tamari Mataija i Tajani Ujčić. 4 This is the holy water that is blessed every Sunday and on the Feast 4 Riječ je o svetoj vodi koja se blagoslivlja svake nedjelje i na blagdan of the Epiphany, and kept in the stoups at the church entrance, Bogojavljenja, a čuva se u škropionicama na ulazu u crkvu, za razliku unlike the baptismal water, that is blessed on Holy Saturday, and od krsne vode koja se blagoslivlja na Veliku subotu i čuva u krsnim kept in the baptismal font (Chaperon 1982, without page numbers; zdencima (Chaperon 1982, bez oznake stranica; O’ Leary 1939; O’ Leary 1939; Rebić 2002, 913). The blessed water absolves from Rebić 2002, 913). Blagoslovljena voda otpušta lake grijehe, oprašta venial sins, releases from temporal punishment, distributes active vremenite kazne, podjeljuje djelatne milosti, otklanja prisutnost grace, averts the presence and influence of evil spirits, and restores i utjecaj zlih duhova te vraća zdravlje bolesnima i život u mrtve health to the sick and life to the dead (Cecchelli, Samoggia 1999, (Cecchelli, Samoggia 1999, 18). 18). 138 A. Mahić, Two home stoups... Histria archaeol., 49/2018, p. 137-156 porijekla i nalazimo ga u mnogim religijama5. Škropljenje ancient origin, and it can be found in many religions5. The vjernika svake nedjelje blagoslovljenom vodom te njeno practice of sprinkling the religious followers every Sunday čuvanje u posebnim posudama uvodi papa Lav IV. u 9. with holy water kept in special vessels was introduced by stoljeću, a od tada se počinju pojavljivati i prve škropionice Pope Leo IV in the 9th century, which is also when the (Badurina 2000, 592; Cecchelli, Samoggia 1999, 5-12; first stoups start to appear (Badurina 2000, 592; Cecchelli, Soranzo 2007). Samoggia 1999, 5-12; Soranzo 2007). U kršćanstvu voda6 postaje sakramental po blagoslovu In Christianity, the water6 becomes a sacramental Crkve7 te se zbog toga zove blagoslovljena odnosno through the blessing of the Church7, and it is therefore posvećena, sveta voda (O’Leary 1939). Upotreba called “blessed” or “consecrated”, “holy” water (O’Leary blagoslovljene vode duboko se ukorjenjuje u kršćanskoj 1939). The use of holy water grew deep into the Christian zajednici te ona postupno ulazi i u kućnu primjenu. community, gradually bringing it into the household Posvećena se voda donosila iz crkava u domove, a koristila use. The consecrated water was brought to homes from se za križanje i blagoslov te obranu od zlih duhova. Tako churches, and it was used when crossing oneself, offering se razvijaju kućne škropionice, manje ukrašene posudice a blessing, and warding off evil spirits. This is how home koje su se držale i upotrebljavale u kršćanskim obiteljima stoups, small decorated vessels holding the holy water, kept i u kojima se čuvala sveta voda (Liberati 2001, 12). To su and used in Christian families, developed (Liberati 2001, dakle devocionalni predmeti koji su služili za iskazivanje 12). They are devotional items that served to express and i poticanje pobožnosti u privatnosti vlastitih domova foster piety in the privacy of one’s home, i.e. to practice odnosno za prakticiranje vjere u kućnom okruženju, faith in the home environment, and they also served as ali i kao podsjetnici na određene religiozne misterije reminders of certain religious mysteries (Šimunić 2015).
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