Archaeological Desk-Based Heritage Assessment of Land at Atlas Works, Lenwade Norfolk June 2015, Revised September 2017
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Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade Norfolk June 2015, revised September 2017 Report No. 15/89 Author: Mary Ellen Crothers Illustrator: Amir Bassir _________________________________________________________________________________ 0 MOLA Northampton MOLA Project Manager: Mark Holmes Kent House Site Code: 30 Billing Road NGR: TG 611411 317852 Northampton NN1 5DQ 01604 809 803 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade Norfolk June 2015, revised September 2017 Report No. 15/89 Quality control and sign off: Issue Date Checked by: Verified by: Approved by: Reason for Issue: No. approved: 1 03.06.15 Pat Chapman Mark Holmes Mark Holmes Draft for client review 2 25.09.17 Author: Mary Ellen Crothers BA MA Illustrator: Amir Bassir BSc 0 MOLA Northampton 2017 MOLA Kent House 30 Billing Road Northampton NN1 5DQ 01604 809 800 www.mola.org.uk [email protected] MOLA Northampton is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with company registration number 8727508 and charity registration number 1155198. Registered office: Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London N1 7ED. OASIS REPORT FORM PROJECT DETAILS Project title Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of Atlas Works, Lenwade, Norfolk Short description MOLA Northampton conducted an Archaeological Desk-based Heritage Assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade, Norfolk. The current assessment has demonstrated that the site lies within a complex prehistoric mortuary landscape on the terraces of the River Wensum, characterised by Bronze Age round barrows and barrow cemeteries. One barrow with a possible Neolithic precursor lies adjacent to the site to the north. Crop marks of Iron Age enclosures and boundaries can be seen to the south of the site and medieval embankments, channels and ponds lie to the south-west. Extensive metal detecting of the areas of higher ground above the river terraces has produced a substantial quantity of objects dating to the Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, medieval and post- medieval periods. Cartographic evidence suggests that the site has not been settled since at least the 18th century until the construction of the Atlas Works estate in 1944. Project type Heritage Assessment Previous work None Future work Unknown Monument type None and period Significant finds None PROJECT LOCATION County Norfolk Site address Atlas Works, Lenwade Easting and NGR TG 611411 317852 northing Area Height OD C18.6m aOD PROJECT CREATORS Organisation MOLA Northampton Project brief originator Project Design originator Director/ Mary Ellen Crothers Supervisor Project Manager Mark Holmes Sponsor or Wiser Environment funding body PROJECT DATE Start date 05/15 End date 06/15 Location Content (eg pottery, animal bone etc) ARCHIVES (Accession no.) Physical Paper MOLA Northampton Map extracts Digital MOLA Northampton Mapinfo Plans, Word Report BIBLIOGRAPHY Journal/monograph, published or forthcoming, or unpublished client report (NA report) Title Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of Atlas Works, Lenwade, Norfolk Serial title & 15/89 volume Author(s) Mary Ellen Crothers Page numbers 31 Date 06/15, revised 09/17 MOLA Northampton LENWADE, ATLAS WORKS Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Policy background 1.3 Location, topography and geology 1.4 Sources consulted 2 HERITAGE ASSET ASSESSMENT 2.1 Previous archaeological work 2.2 Summary and significance of heritage assets 2.3 Cartographic evidence 3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3.1 The proposed development 3.2 Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) 3.3 Potential impacts on the wider cultural heritage resource 4 CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY Tables Table 1: Historic Environment Record (HER) details data Table 2: Tithe map apportionments Table 3: Criteria for assessing the relative importance of cultural heritage sites MOLA Report 15/89 LENWADE, ATLAS WORKS Figures Front cover: Atlas Works, Lenwade Fig 1: Site location Fig 2: View of derelict factory building, including railway tracks and drains, looking north-west Fig 3: View of rear of derelict factory building, looking north-east Fig 4: View of south-west boundary, looking south-east Fig 5: View of eastern boundary, looking north-east Fig 6: View of location of proposed access road, looking north-west Fig 7: Historic Environment Record (HER) data Fig 8: Faden’s Map of Norfolk, 1797 Fig 9: Bryant’s Map of Norfolk in 1826 Fig 10: The Parish of Weston Longville Tithe Map, 1841 Fig 11: The Parish of Morton Tithe Map, 1842 Fig 12: Ordnance Survey map, 1883-1891 Fig 13: Ordnance Survey map, 1907 Fig 14: Ordnance Survey map, 1957-1958 Fig 15: Ordnance Survey map, 1971 Fig 16: View towards the Bronze Age barrow, looking north Fig 17: View of barrow from Marriot’s Way footpath, looking north-west Fig 18: View along Marriot’s Way footpath from near the barrow, looking south- east Fig 19: View from the footpath near the barrow, looking south towards the proposed development beyond the trees. MOLA Report 15/89 Archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade Norfolk June 2015 Abstract MOLA Northampton conducted an archaeological desk-based heritage assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade, Norfolk. The current assessment has demonstrated that the site lies within a complex prehistoric mortuary landscape on the terraces of the River Wensum, characterised by Bronze Age round barrows and barrow cemeteries. One barrow with a possible Neolithic precursor lies adjacent to the site to the north. Cropmarks of Iron Age enclosures and boundaries can be seen to the south of the site and medieval embankments, channels and ponds lie to the south-west. Extensive metal detecting of the areas of higher ground above the river terraces has produced a substantial quantity of objects dating to the Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, medieval and post-medieval periods. Cartographic evidence suggests that the site has not been settled since at least the 18th century until the construction of the Atlas Works estate in 1944. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background MOLA Northampton was commissioned by Wiser Environment to conduct an archaeological desk-based heritage assessment and visual impact assessment of land at Atlas Works, Lenwade, Norfolk. (NGR: TG 611411 317852 Fig 1). The present report has considered the evidence of Norfolk Archives, Norfolk Historic Environment Record (HER) and that of relevant published and archived documentary and cartographic sources. Internet sources consulted included the Archaeology Data Service (ads.ahds.ac.uk) to check the National Monuments Record information. The aim of the assessment was to collate information about the known or potential archaeological resource within the development area (including its presence or absence, character and extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and relative quality). The work has been undertaken in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (CIfA 2014). English Heritage guidance documents concerning the setting of heritage assets were also consulted (EH 2008 and 2014). 1.2 Policy background National policy The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) provides national guidance on the preservation, management and investigation of the parts of the historic environment that are historically, archaeologically, architecturally or artistically significant and are known as heritage assets. The NPPF replaced PPS5 in March 2012, which in turn replaced Planning Policy Guidance Notes 15 and 16 (PPG 15 and 16) in March 2010. MOLA Report 15/89 Page 1of 31 LENWADE, ATLAS WORKS The framework covers those heritage assets that possess a level of interest sufficient to justify designation as well as those that are not designated but which are of heritage interest and are thus a material planning consideration. Where nationally important archaeological remains are affected by development then there should be a presumption in favour for their conservation. Paragraph 128 states that Local Planning Authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the asset’s importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. Paragraph 129 states that Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. Local Policy The Broadland District Local Plan (Replacement) adopted May 2006 and updated following Joint Core Strategy adoption March 2011. POLICY ENV17 refers to ancient monuments and archaeological sites. It states that development which would adversely affect a Scheduled Monument or other nationally important archaeological sites and monuments, or their settings, will not be permitted. The sites of Scheduled Monuments are shown on the proposals map (objective 3). Government guidance in Planning Policy Guidance Note: Archaeology and Planning (PPG16) states that there should be a presumption in favour of the physical preservation of nationally important archaeological remains whether scheduled or not, and their settings. In Broadland the known sites of national importance are the Scheduled Monuments which are identified on the proposals