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Lesson 4: Religious Freedom and Early New England Settlements

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Have your journal, timeline, and notes page with the colonies map out on your desk. 1 Lesson 4: Religious Freedom and Early New England Settlements 2 In this lesson, you will explore the quest for religious freedom as you learn about the Plymouth Colony. Content Expectations 5-U2.1.2: Describe significant developments in the New England colonies, including: • Patterns of settlement and control including the impact of geography (landforms and climate) on settlement • Relations with American Indians (eg., Pequot/King Phillip’s War) Growth of agricultural (small farms) and non-agricultural (shipping, manufacturing) economies The development of government including establishment of town meetings, development of colonial legislatures and growth of royal government Religious tensions in Massachusetts that led to the establishment of other colonies in New England. English Settlement English The settlers A group of about Native Separatists signed an 100 English men, Americans who started a colony agreement that women, and helped the far north of set up their children settlers survive Jamestown government What Who was Happened? involved? Plymouth was founded When did it How and why happen? did it happen? Cause Effect 1620 A settlement grew Wanted religious in what became the freedom New England colonies Pilgrims Raise your hand if you’re familiar with this term. In your journal, make a list of words that come to mind when you see or hear the word Pilgrims. Pull Factors Jamestown Pilgrims Settlers Economic Religious John Smith’s Map of New England - 1614 Religion in England – early 1600s • People had to belong to the Church of England • Church was headed by the King • Those who refused to join were persecuted ( mistreated, put in jail) • One group who did not want to attend the Church decided to separate from it. • They became known as the Separatists. Religion in England – early 1600s • In 1608 they decided to move to Holland so they could follow their religion freely. • In Holland they had religious freedom but began to worry that their children would not learn English ways. • They decided to go to North America where they hoped to live among English colonists and still be able to follow their own religion. • In time these people became known as Pilgrims because a pilgrim is a person who makes a journey for religious reasons. 1620 The Separatists requested and won a charter from the Virginia Company to begin a new settlement in the northern section of the area known as Virginia. They began to make plans for their journey. Some of their members, however, were afraid to go. In the end less that 40 Separatists planned to go. 1620 The Separatists needed more people to join them so they signed up other English people who did not share their religion. The Separatists called these people the “Strangers.” They wanted to go to North America to try and find a better life. …IF YOU SAILED ON The Mayflower in 1620 By Ann McGovern Use this information to write a diary entry. Children of the Mayflower ALLERTON: HOPKINS: Bartholomew, b. 1612, 8-year-old Constance, b. 1606, 14-year-old Remember, b. 1614, 6-year-old Giles, b. 1607, 13-year-old Mary, b. 1616, 4-year-old Damaris, b. 1618, 2-year-old Oceanus, b. 1620 (born on voyage) BILLINGTON: MORE: John, b. 1604, 16-year-old Ellen, b. 1612, 8-year-old U Francis, b. 1606, 14-year-old Jasper, b. 1613, 7-year-old U Richard, b. 1614, 6-year-old Mary, b. 1616, 4-year-old U BREWSTER: MULLINS: Love, b. 1611, 9-year-old Priscilla, b. 1602, 18-year-old Wrestling, b. 1614, 6-year-old Joseph, b. 1614, 6-year-old U CHILTON: ROGERS: Mary, b. 1607, 13-year-old Joseph, b. 1602, 18-year-old COOKE: SAMPSON: John, b. 1607, 13-year-old Henry, b. 1603, 17-year-old COOPER: TILLEY: Humility, b. 1612, 8-year-old Elizabeth, b. 1607, 13-year-old CRACKSTON: TINKER: John, b. -- , unknown age U (son)_______, b. -- , unknown age U [Some evidence suggests he was old enough to be married.] EATON: TURNER: Samuel, b. 1620, infant-in-arms (son)_______, b. -- , unknown age U (son)_______, b. -- , unknown age U FULLER: WHITE: Samuel, b. 1608, 12-year-old Resolved, b. 1615, 5-year-old HOOKE: John, b. 1606, 14-year-old U U Died the first winter. The Journey After 66 days at sea they saw land but it was not the Virginia Colony. They were far to the north in the area that is now Massachusetts. Pilgrims decided to stay in the area of Massachusetts instead of trying to get to the Jamestown area of the Virginia Colony. This presented them with a problem. They were in an area with no government. While still on the ship, they decided to write an agreement that would create a government for them and keep order. This type of agreement was called a “Compact.” The Mayflower Compact IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc. Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and of one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony: unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. IN WITNESS WHEREOF we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the 11 of November, the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord James; of England, France and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Ano Dom. 1620. On what core democratic value does this appear to be based???? With God in mind and as loyal subjects of IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal our king, King James, we, whose names subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great are at the bottom Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc. have for religious reasons and for the Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith honor of our country and honor of our King and Country, journeyed to begin the first colony in the a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, northern parts of Virginia do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and of one In the presence of God and each other another, we join together to form a government covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, so that we can have order and safety and for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; meet our goals and in order to do this create fair laws and and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, choose leaders ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, whenever it is needed for the common from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony good of the Colony: we promise to obey this government and unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. abide by its laws. As a symbol of our promise we have IN WITNESS WHEREOF we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, written our names here at Cape Cod on the 11 of November, the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord James; of England, November 11, 1620. France and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Ano Dom. 1620. Looking for a Place to Settle • They wanted a place with a safe harbor, fresh water, and good soil. • While most people stayed onboard some began to look for a good place. • Late in December they found a clearing with old cornfields. This turned out to be an abandoned settlement of the Wampanoag Native Americans. • On December 26, 1620 the group went ashore. This was officially the beginning of the Plymouth Colony, which was also known as the Plimoth Plantation. Plymouth Rock in the 17th century There are no contemporary references to the Pilgrims' landing on a rock at Plymouth. There are two primary sources written by the Pilgrims themselves describing the landing in Plymouth in 1620, William Bradford's journal Of Plymouth Plantation and the 1622 book popularly known as Mourt's Relation. Both simply say that the Pilgrims landed. Neither mentions any rocks in their account of the landing. The first references to Plymouth Rock are found over 100 years after the actual landing. The First Spring and Winter The first winter at Plymouth was very hard. • The weather was cold • There was not enough food. • Many people became ill. • By spring about one half of the settlers had died. Help came in the spring when an Abenaki Native American named Samoset walked into the settlement. • He shocked the group by speaking English to them. • He explained that he had learned English from sailors who fished along the coast. The First Spring and Winter Samoset returned to Plymouth with a Wampanoag who spoke English better than he did.
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