Mid-Year Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mid-Year Report A Publication of the American Association for Hand Surgery Autumn 2006 FROM THE PRESIDENT Mid-Year Report n January, I was inducted as President of the American Association for Hand Surgery. Since my induction, I I am astounded as to how quickly time has passed. As I have told you in earlier newslet- ters, this has certainly been an active and productive year. We recently returned from our mid-year Board of Directors’ meeting. Your Coming in January! The AAHS 2007 Annual Meeting will be in Rio Grande, Puerto Board of Directors is work- Rico, where sights like these are commonplace. For a peek at the 2007 ing hard to keep the orga- program, turn to pages 5-7. nization running smoothly and to present the best RONALD E. PALMER, MD educational experiences question whether the Association I reviewed with the Board the possible. should continue the mailing or National Orthopedic Leadership Dr. Freeland updated change to electronic distribution. meeting that I attended in the Board on the goals of the Central Office was asked to go Washington, D.C. and the “Board Hand Surgery Endowment as about obtaining information from of Specialties’’ meeting. Their fall well as a summary of this year’s our membership regarding your meeting will be in Albuquerque, Endowment fund raising efforts. opinion. New Mexico in October, which I There was a great deal of discus- Our annual meeting was dis- plan on attending. sion on how the Endowment can cussed throughout and a review Both ASPS and AAOS offer manage the organization to con- of a report submitted by Laura Pathways To Leadership for trol overhead to get maximum Downes Leeper regarding the young members of specialty return of funds to the organiza- outline of the financial relation- organizations. Our Board dis- tion and you. AAHS and the HSE ship between AAHS, ASRM, and cussed these programs and dis- are working together to try to ASPN. This we believe has been a cussed potential young members control the overhead of the mutually productive relationship of our organization who would Endowment. for each organization. be interested and qualify for Dr. Rick Brown ably presented There was a good deal of dis- these valuable meetings. It was the proposed 2007 operating bud- cussion regarding our new hand noted that this does require get and fielded a number of ques- journal. Dr. Elvin Zook and I some commitment from the tions. One of the issues discussed have been in communication individuals. was regarding this very newslet- with one another regarding the continued on page 2 ter distribution. There was a journal as well as appointment of associate editors. FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK FROM THE PRESIDENT continued from page 1 In my state of Minnesota, smoke Finally, I am looking forward to It's that Time free workplaces is the number one seeing everyone in Puerto Rico, issue for the Minnesota Medical January 10th through the 13th for Association (malpractice reform is our annual meeting. Again, Dr. Lee Again second). Osterman and Jorge Orbay are the PAC's not your cup of tea? Then co-program directors and have put ummer's over. Back to work contribute to specific candidates. together an impressive and chal- and school, what the That's a good way to get on the lenging program. There will be a French call la rentrée (the radar screen of your local legisla- good deal of social activities and I reentrance). Also, every two tors, who notice such things, espe- have put together a number of Syears, the kickoff for the cially if they need to file a report exciting opportunities for our invit- more important, shorter half of the because your donation crosses a ed lecturers. Bob Beckenbaugh will political season, when more atten- reporting threshold ($200 for federal be the J. Joseph Danyo Presidential tion focuses on the upcoming elec- candidates, usually $100 at the state Invited Lecturer. His title is “Is It tions (the first, longer half, of level). Of course, you get on every- Fun Anymore?”. Questions have course, begins as soon as the one else's radar screen as well; just arisen with regard to ethics and previous election is over). So, go to www.opensecrets.org to find morality of a number of the once again, I will remind read- out who, in your community, is changes that have occurred in the ers of HSQ what is at stake supporting which federal candi- business of medicine and the busi- this election season: every- dates. In Minnesota, you can check ness of patient care. I am personally thing. www.cfboard.state.mn.us to find looking forward to Dr. What is your issue? The donors to local candidates. Most War? The Medicare fee sched- states have similar databases, PETER C. AMADIO MD ule? Social Security? although the state databases are Reimbursement for hand therapy more likely to reflect the last elec- services? All 435 Representatives tion cycle, while the federal data is are up for election, as well as a contemporary. I suspect that these President third of the Senate. What about thresholds are affordable by all Ronald E. Palmer, MD malpractice reform? Certificates of members of AAHS, yet I would be Editor need for your surgicenter? Scope of surprised if more than 20% of our Peter C. Amadio, MD practice issues? There are elections members actually gave, ever, at that Executive Director in every state, including 36 gover- level. Laura Downes Leeper, CAE nor races. Whether you think it's The most effective method, of Managing Editor time for a change or no time to course, is to work for a specific can- Anne B. Behrens change horses in mid stream, now didate, especially to help raise Hand Surgery Quarterly is a publication of is the time for you to make your money from your friends and asso- The American Association for Hand voice heard. ciates. Such "rainmakers" (the rain, Surgery and is published strictly for the What can you do? At the very in this case, being made of green- members of AAHS. This publication is least, register to vote, and then backs) attract the most attention designed as a forum for open discussion and debate among the AAHS member- vote. But, as professionals, we can, (and gratitude) of candidates. But ship. Opinions discussed are those of the and should, do more. AAHS does you can also walk the neighbor- authors or speakers and are not necessarily not have a political action commit- hood, join phone banks to get out the position, posture or stance of the tee (PAC), but the national the vote, or simply host a lawn sign. Association. orthopaedic, plastic surgery, and The worst thing you could do is Copyright ©2006, The American therapy societies do. Contributions to do nothing. No one can promise Association for Hand Surgery. All rights Hand Surgery to a PAC support the agenda of that your participation will guaran- reserved. No portion of this newsletter Quarterly those organizations. For example, tee that your positions will carry the may be printed without express written ..... the number one issue for the day. But, whether you are hard left, permission from the publisher, 20 N. orthopaedic PAC is malpractice hard right, or somewhere in Michigan Avenue, Suite 700, Chicago, IL Autumn 60602, 312-236-3307. 2006 reform. If that's your biggest issue, between, one thing is certain: if you then a donation to the orthopaedic don't make your opinions known, PAC can support many candidates they will be ignored. So, please, get across the country with a single in there, and make our country, 2 check. In addition, state profession- make your community, a better al societies have their own PAC's. place. H Beckenbaugh’s thoughts, as I know ASSOCIATION NEWS they will be enlightening and enter- taining. The keynote speaker happens to be my brother-in-law, Bob cation of professionals who work in Jamieson. Bob Jamieson is the AAHS and Springer all disciplines related to hand senior ABC news correspondent for partner to publish surgery. Instructions for manuscript Nightly News based out of New submission can be obtained from York City. The topic of his discus- new journal, HAND the Central Office. H sion is “Covering Medicine, Wars, and Politics”. The address will he American Association for focus on ABC’s unique way of cov- Hand Surgery has selected ering medicine. It will also go into TSpringer as the publisher of A Warm Welcome detail about covering the Middle the association’s new journal, to the Canadians East and the issues that impact HAND. The first issue is slated for everyday life in the United States. I summer 2006. Hand is a peer he AAHS would like to join think everyone will look forward to reviewed journal featuring articles other member organizations of Bob’s enlightening talk and certain- written by clinicians worldwide TLa Federacion de Mano in wel- ly he will be available to take ques- presenting current research and coming the Canadian Society of tions after the address. clinical work in the field of hand Hand Therapists (CSHT) to active Again, we have a great meeting surgery. As a center of excellence membership in La Federacion. The in store for Puerto Rico. Please in research and an invaluable President of the CSHT, Wendy begin to make your plans. We will source for medical expertise, Tilley, has been designated as a see you then and share the AAHS is dedicated to advancing delegate. Please learn more about “Treasures of the Caribbean.” H the science of hand surgery, and La Federacion by visiting the web committed to continuing the edu- site at www.demano.org.
Recommended publications
  • Action Potential and Synapses
    SENSORY RECEPTORS RECEPTORS GATEWAY TO THE PERCEPTION AND SENSATION Registering of inputs, coding, integration and adequate response PROPERTIES OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM According the type of the stimulus: According to function: MECHANORECEPTORS Telereceptors CHEMORECEPTORS Exteroreceptors THERMORECEPTORS Proprioreceptors PHOTORECEPTORS interoreceptors NOCICEPTORS STIMULUS Reception Receptor – modified nerve or epithelial cell responsive to changes in external or internal environment with the ability to code these changes as electrical potentials Adequate stimulus – stimulus to which the receptor has lowest threshold – maximum sensitivity Transduction – transformation of the stimulus to membrane potential – to generator potential– to action potential Transmission – stimulus energies are transported to CNS in the form of action potentials Integration – sensory information is transported to CNS as frequency code (quantity of the stimulus, quantity of environmental changes) •Sensation is the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment •Perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS - adaptation NONADAPTING RECEPTORS WITH CONSTANT FIRING BY CONSTANT STIMULUS NONADAPTING – PAIN TONIC – SLOWLY ADAPTING With decrease of firing (AP frequency) by constant stimulus PHASIC– RAPIDLY ADAPTING With rapid decrease of firing (AP frequency) by constant stimulus ACCOMODATION – ADAPTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASIC RECEPTORS ALTERATIONS OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Remote-Activated Electrical Stimulation via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Peripheral and Central Nerve Regeneration Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7hb5g2x7 Author Low, Karen Gail Publication Date 2017 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Remote-Activated Electrical Stimulation via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioengineering by Karen Gail Low December 2017 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jin Nam, Chairperson Dr. Hyle B. Park Dr. Nosang V. Myung Copyright by Karen Gail Low 2017 The Dissertation of Karen Gail Low is approved: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my PhD advisor and mentor, Dr. Jin Nam. I came from a background with no research experience, therefore his guidance, motivation, and ambition for me to succeed helped developed me into the researcher I am today. And most of all, I am forever grateful for his patience with all my blood, sweat and tears that went into this 5 years. He once said, “it takes pressure to make a diamond.” His words of wisdom will continue to guide me through my career. I would also like to thank my collaborator, Dr. Nosang V. Myung. He gave me the opportunity to explore a field that was completely outside of my comfort zone of biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneously Excitatory and Inhibitory
    The Journal of Neuroscience, September 27, 2017 • 37(39):9389–9402 • 9389 Systems/Circuits Simultaneously Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Revealed Using Selective Pulse-Train Stimulation in the Rat Motor Cortex Ahmad Khatoun, Boateng Asamoah, and Myles Mc Laughlin Research Group Experimental ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) uses sinusoidal, subthreshold, electric fields to modulate cortical processing. Cor- tical processing depends on a fine balance between excitation and inhibition and tACS acts on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. Given this, it is not clear whether tACS should increase or decrease cortical excitability. We investigated this using transcranial current stimulation of the rat (all males) motor cortex consisting of a continuous subthreshold sine wave with short bursts of suprath- reshold pulse-trains inserted at different phases to probe cortical excitability. We found that when a low-rate, long-duration, suprath- reshold pulse-train was used, subthreshold cathodal tACS decreased cortical excitability and anodal tACS increased excitability. However, when a high-rate, short-duration, suprathreshold pulse-train was used this pattern was inverted. An integrate-and-fire model incorporating biophysical differences between cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons could predict the experimental data and helped interpret these results. The model indicated that low-rate suprathreshold
    [Show full text]
  • Preferential Activation of Small Cutaneous Fibers Through Small Pin
    Hugosdottir et al. BMC Neurosci (2019) 20:48 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-019-0530-8 BMC Neuroscience RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Preferential activation of small cutaneous fbers through small pin electrode also depends on the shape of a long duration electrical current Rosa Hugosdottir1* , Carsten Dahl Mørch1*, Ole Kæseler Andersen1, Thordur Helgason2 and Lars Arendt‑Nielsen1 Abstract Background: Electrical stimulation is widely used in experimental pain research but it lacks selectivity towards small nociceptive fbers. When using standard surface patch electrodes and rectangular pulses, large fbers are activated at a lower threshold than small fbers. Pin electrodes have been designed for overcoming this problem by providing a higher current density in the upper epidermis where the small nociceptive fbers mainly terminate. At perception threshold level, pin electrode stimuli are rather selectively activating small nerve fbers and are perceived as painful, but for high current intensity, which is usually needed to evoke sufcient pain levels, large fbers are likely co‑acti‑ vated. Long duration current has been shown to elevate the threshold of large fbers by the mechanism of accom‑ modation. However, it remains unclear whether the mechanism of accommodation in large fbers can be utilized to activate small fbers even more selectively by combining pin electrode stimulation with a long duration pulse. Results: In this study, perception thresholds were determined for a patch‑ and a pin electrode for diferent pulse shapes of long duration. The perception threshold ratio between the two diferent electrodes was calculated to estimate the ability of the pulse shapes to preferentially activate small fbers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fessard's School of Neurophysiology After
    The fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in france: globalisation and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955) Jean-Gaël Barbara To cite this version: Jean-Gaël Barbara. The fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in france: globalisation and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955). Archives Italiennes de Biologie, Universita degli Studi di Pisa, 2011. halshs-03090650 HAL Id: halshs-03090650 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03090650 Submitted on 11 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Fessard’s School of neurophysiology after the Second World War in France: globalization and diversity in neurophysiological research (1938-1955) Jean- Gaël Barbara Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7102 Université Denis Diderot, Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7219 [email protected] Postal Address : JG Barbara, UPMC, case 14, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005,
    [Show full text]
  • Compound Action Potential: Nerve Conduction
    10.23.2015 PRO Lesson A03 – COMPOUND ACTION POTENTIAL: NERVE CONDUCTION Using the frog sciatic nerve Developed in conjunction with Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls This PRO lesson describes the hardware and software setup necessary to record Compound Action Potentials (CAP) from a dissected frog sciatic nerve. For a specific procedure on isolating and removing the frog sciatic nerve, please refer to BSL PRO Lesson A01 - Frog Preparation. Objectives: 1. To record the compound action potential (CAP) of the frog sciatic nerve. 2. To record the responses to sub-threshold, threshold, sub-maximal, maximal and supra- maximal stimulation. 3. To estimate the refractory period of the nerve. 4. To explore the relationship between stimulus strength and duration. 5. To determine average conduction velocity. 6. To observe the effect of temperature on impulse conduction. 7. To observe the impact of anesthesia on the nerve impulse. 8. To examine fatigues of the nerve. Equipment: Biopac Student Lab System: Live frog, as large as possible, in order to obtain o MP36 or MP35 hardware ideally 2.75 inches (7 cm) of dissected sciatic nerve o BSL 4.0.1 or greater software Thread (nylon, cotton, or similarly absorbent thread) BSL PRO template file: “a03.gtl” Alcohol Stimulator (one of the following): Amphibian Ringer’s solution: dissolve in dH2O: 113 mM (6.604 g/L) NaCl, 3.0 mM (0.224 g/L) KCl, 2.7 o BSLSTMB/A mM (0.397 g/L) CaCl2, 2.5 mM (0.210 g/L) NaHCO3, o SS58L MP35 Low-Voltage Stimulator pH 7.2 – 7.4, stable for months
    [Show full text]
  • Perspective on the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretion Products
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Stem Cells International Volume 2016, Article ID 9756973, 16 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9756973 Review Article Neuromuscular Regeneration: Perspective on the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretion Products AnaRitaCaseiro,1,2 Tiago Pereira,1,2 Galya Ivanova,3 Ana Lúcia Luís,1,2 and Ana Colette Maurício1,2 1 Departamento de Cl´ınicas Veterinarias,´ Instituto de Cienciasˆ Biomedicas´ de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 2Centro de Estudos de Cienciaˆ Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciencias,ˆ Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA-UP), Prac¸a Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal 3REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Ciencias,ˆ Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal Correspondence should be addressed to Ana Colette Maur´ıcio; [email protected] Received 28 July 2015; Revised 12 October 2015; Accepted 16 November 2015 Academic Editor: James Adjaye Copyright © 2016 Ana Rita Caseiro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mesenchymal stem cells are posing as a promising character in the most recent therapeutic strategies and, since their discovery, extensive knowledge on their features and functions has been gained. In recent years, innovative sources have been disclosed in alternativetothebonemarrow,conveyingtheirassociatedethicalconcernsandeaseofharvest,suchastheumbilicalcordtissue and the dental pulp. These are also amenable of cryopreservation and thawing for desired purposes, in benefit of the donor itself or other patients in pressing need.
    [Show full text]
  • File Download
    Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum Thomas Wichmann, Emory University Mahlon DeLong, Emory University LN Miterko, Texas Childrens Hosp KB Baker, Cleveland Clin Fdn J Beckinghausen, Texas Childrens Hosp LV Bradnam, University of Auckland MY Cheng, Stanford University J Cooperrider, Cleveland Clin Fdn SV Gornati, Erasmus MC M Hallett, NINDS Only first 10 authors above; see publication for full author list. Journal Title: CEREBELLUM Volume: Volume 18, Number 6 Publisher: SPRINGER | 2019-12-01, Pages 1064-1097 Type of Work: Article Publisher DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/vjgjm Final published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5 Accessed September 24, 2021 2:18 PM EDT The Cerebellum (2019) 18:1064–1097 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5 CONSENSUS PAPER Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum Lauren N. Miterko1 & Kenneth B. Baker2 & Jaclyn Beckinghausen1 & Lynley V. Bradnam3 & Michelle Y. Cheng4 & Jessica Cooperrider2 & Mahlon R. DeLong5 & Simona V. Gornati6 & Mark Hallett7 & Detlef H. Heck8 & Freek E. Hoebeek6,9 & Abbas Z. Kouzani10 & Sheng-Han Kuo11 & Elan D. Louis12 & Andre Machado2 & Mario Manto13,14 & Alana B. McCambridge15 & Michael A. Nitsche16,17 & Nordeyn Oulad Ben Taib 18 & Traian Popa7,19 & Masaki Tanaka20 & Dagmar Timmann21 & Gary K. Steinberg4,22 & Eric H. Wang4 & Thomas Wichmann5,23 & Tao Xie24 & Roy V. Sillitoe1 Published online: 4 June 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the cerebellum towards different brain functions is underscored by its involvement in a diverse and increasing number of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions including ataxia, dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum
    The Cerebellum https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5 CONSENSUS PAPER Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum Lauren N. Miterko1 & Kenneth B. Baker2 & Jaclyn Beckinghausen1 & Lynley V. Bradnam3 & Michelle Y. Cheng4 & Jessica Cooperrider2 & Mahlon R. DeLong5 & Simona V. Gornati6 & Mark Hallett7 & Detlef H. Heck8 & Freek E. Hoebeek6,9 & Abbas Z. Kouzani10 & Sheng-Han Kuo11 & Elan D. Louis12 & Andre Machado2 & Mario Manto13,14 & Alana B. McCambridge15 & Michael A. Nitsche16,17 & Nordeyn Oulad Ben Taib 18 & Traian Popa7,19 & Masaki Tanaka20 & Dagmar Timmann21 & Gary K. Steinberg4,22 & Eric H. Wang4 & Thomas Wichmann5,23 & Tao Xie24 & Roy V. Sillitoe1 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the cerebellum towards different brain functions is underscored by its involvement in a diverse and increasing number of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions including ataxia, dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Although there are no cures for these conditions, cerebellar stimula- tion is quickly gaining attention for symptomatic alleviation, as cerebellar circuitry has arisen as a promising target for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation. This consensus paper brings together experts from the fields of neurophysiology, neurology, and neurosurgery to discuss recent efforts in using the cerebellum as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most advanced techniques for manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans and animal models and define key hurdles and questions for moving forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Inducing Neuroplasticity in the Human Motor System by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: from Pathophysiology to a Therapeutic Option in Movement Disorders
    Inducing neuroplasticity in the human motor system by transcranial magnetic stimulation: from pathophysiology to a therapeutic option in movement disorders Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades „Doctor rerum naturalium“ der Georg-August-Unversität Göttingen vorgelegt von Holger Rothkegel aus Bonn Göttingen 2009 Doctoral Thesis Committee: Prof. Dr. med. Walter Paulus (Supervisor, First Referee) Abteilung Klinische Neurophysiologie Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Robert-Koch-Straße 40 37075 Göttingen Prof. Dr. Stefan Treue (Reviewer) Abteilung Kognitive Neurowissenschaften Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ) Kellnerweg 4 37077 Göttingen Prof. Dr. Thomas Rammsayer (Reviewer) Institut für Psychologie Universität Bern UniTobler Muesmattstrasse 45 CH-3000 Bern 9 Schweiz Date of Submission: 31st December 2009 Date of the oral examination: 16th February 2010 Statement of Originality I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and has been written independently with no other sources and aids than quoted in the text, references and acknowledgements. Göttingen, 31st December 2009 Holger Rothkegel 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction ............................................................................. 6 1.1 Plasticity of the Central Nervous System..................................... 8 1.2 Non-invasive brain stimulation..................................................... 9 1.2.1 Transcranial magnetic stimulation ..................................... 10 1.2.2 Repetitive transcranial magnetic
    [Show full text]
  • The Science of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
    CME Copyright 2014 SLACK Inc. The Science of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation William M. Sauvé, MD; and Lawrence J. Crowther, MEng ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method for stimu- lating neural tissue based on the prin- ciples of electromagnetic induction. The technique is becoming an established treatment for drug-resistant major de- pressive disorder and is a promising tool for a variety of psychiatric and neurologi- cal disorders. Stimulation is achieved by pulsed magnetic !elds inducing electric !elds with the necessary characteristics to depolarize neurons, generating action potentials. In this article, the underlying principles and mechanisms of TMS are explored and an overview of the devel- opment of stimulator devices is provided. [Psychiatr Ann. 2014; 44(6):279–283.] William M. Sauvé, MD, is Medical Direc- tor, TMS NeuroHealth Centers, Richmond. © Shutterstock Lawrence J. Crowther, MEng, is Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Electri- ince the days of Pliny, humans have phenomenon has only recently been used cal and Computer Engineering, Iowa State been curious about the effects of as a therapeutic modality in psychiatry. University. Selectrical stimulation on the body, Known as repetitive transcranial magnetic Address correspondence to: William M. and since Michael Faraday famously de- stimulation (rTMS), it was approved for Sauvé, MD, TMS NeuroHealth Centers, 5231 veloped the concept of electromagnetic the treatment of major depressive disorder Hickory Park Drive, Suite C, Glen Allen, VA induction, it has been understood that by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 23059; email: [email protected]. changing magnetic fields can cause current in 2008. What follows is a very basic over- Disclosure: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeted Neuromodulation of Pelvic Floor Nerves in Aging And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Targeted neuromodulation of pelvic foor nerves in aging and multiparous rabbits improves continence Ana G. Hernandez‑Reynoso1,2,3, Dora L. Corona‑Quintanilla4, Kenia López‑García5, Ana A. Horbovetz1, Francisco Castelán4,5, Philippe Zimmern6, Margarita Martínez‑Gómez4,5,8 & Mario I. Romero‑Ortega2,3,7,8* Pelvic foor muscle stretch injury during pregnancy and birth is associated with the incidence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), a condition that afects 30–60% of the female population and is characterized by involuntary urine leakage during physical activity, further exacerbated by aging. Aging and multiparous rabbits sufer pelvic nerve and muscle damage, resulting in alterations in pelvic foor muscular contraction and low urethral pressure, resembling SUI. However, the extent of nerve injury is not fully understood. Here, we used electron microscopy analysis of pelvic and perineal nerves in multiparous rabbits to describe the extent of stretch nerve injury based on axon count, axon size, myelin‑to‑axon ratio, and elliptical ratio. Compared to young nulliparous controls, mid‑age multiparous animals showed an increase in the density of unmyelinated axons and in myelin thickness in both nerves, albeit more signifcant in the bulbospongiosus nerve. This revealed a partial but sustained damage to these nerves, and the presence of some regenerated axons. Additionally, we tested whether electrical stimulation of the bulbospongiosus nerve would induce muscle contraction and urethral closure. Using a miniature wireless stimulator implanted on this perineal nerve in young nulliparous and middle age multiparous female rabbits, we confrmed that these partially damaged nerves can be acutely depolarized, either at low (2–5 Hz) or medium (10–20 Hz) frequencies, to induce a proportional increase in urethral pressure.
    [Show full text]