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Colonial Caring: a History of Colonial and Post-Colonial Nursing

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Colonial Caring: a History of Colonial and Post-Colonial Nursing COLONIAL CARING COLONIAL A history of colonial and post-colonial nursing ’A treasure trove of fresh insight, new research and analysis, this book demonstrates the vibrancy of nursing history. Its editors should be congratulated for their vision and energy in bringing together a series of chapters which express not only the many meanings of colonialism, but reveal how nursing provides a kaleidoscope through which to view broader social attitudes towards race, class, gender and the value of care from a comparative perspective.’ Anne Marie Rafferty, Professor of Nursing and Dean of the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London C The history of nursing presents a unique perspective from which to interrogate ARING colonialism and post-colonialism. Nurses were often a key conduit between coloniser and colonised, and many powers used nurses as a means of insinuating their own cultures into the lives of indigenous people. However, despite the valuable insights such an approach reveals, colonial history has never before been approached from this particular direction. Colonial caring brings together essays from an international group of historians who examine the relationship between colonialism, nursing and nurses. Gender, class and race permeate the book, as the complex relationships between nurses, their medical colleagues, governments and the populations they nursed are examined in detail, using case studies which draw on exciting new sources. Sweet and Hawkins and Hawkins Sweet Many of the chapters are based on first-hand accounts of nurses, producing a view of the colonial process from the ground, or use multiple sources to piece together a story which was never recorded in its entirety in official records. The book offers insight into the colonial process as conducted by British, Dutch, American and Italian governments; and how nursing not only affected colonial societies but was itself changed by its experiences. Colonial caring will be an essential read for colonial historians, as well as COLONIAL historians of gender, ethnicity and nursing. Helen Sweet is a Research Associate at the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford (eds) CARING Sue Hawkins is a Senior Lecturer in History at Kingston University London A history of colonial and Cover image: www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Lutheran Mission Hospital sister post-colonial nursing and student nurse, South Africa ISBN 978-0-7190-9970-0 Edited by Helen Sweet and Sue Hawkins 9 780719 099700 Colonial caring Th s series provides an outlet for the publication of rigorous academic texts in the two closely related disciplines of Nursing History and Nursing Humanities, drawing upon both the intellectual rigour of the humanities and the practice-based, real-world emphasis of clinical and professional nursing. At the intersection of Medical History, Women’s History and Social History, Nursing History remains a thriving and dynamic area of study with its own claims to disciplinary distinction. The broader discipline of Medical Humanities is of rapidly growing signifi ance within academia globally, and this series aims to encourage strong scholarship in the burgeoning area of Nursing Humanities more generally. Such developments are timely, as the nursing profession expands and generates a stronger disciplinary axis. The MUP Nursing History and Humanities series provides a forum within which practitioners and humanists may offer new fi dings and insights. The international scope of the series is broad, embrac- ing all historical periods and including both detailed empirical studies and wider perspectives on the cultures of nursing. Previous titles in this series: Mental health nursing: The working lives of paid carers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Edited by Anne Borsay and Pamela Dale One hundred years of wartime nursing practices, 1854–1954 Edited by Jane Brooks and Christine E. Hallett ‘Curing queers’: Mental nurses and their patients, 1935–74 Tommy Dickinson Histories of nursing practice Edited by Gerard M. Fealy, Christine E. Hallett and Susanne Malchau Dietz Who cared for the carers? A history of the occupational health of nurses, 1880–1948 Debbie Palmer COLONIAL CARING A history of colonial and post-colonial nursing EDITED BY HELEN SWEET AND SUE HAWKINS Manchester University Press iv Copyright © Manchester University Press 2015 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7190 99700 hardback ISBN 978 1 5261 29369 open access First published 2015 This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence. A copy of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third- party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents List of figu es page vii Contributors viii Acknowledgements xiii Introduction: contextualising colonial and post-colonial nursing 1 Helen Sweet and Sue Hawkins 1 Lady amateurs and gentleman professionals: emergency nursing in the Indian Mutiny 18 Sam Goodman 2 Imperial sisters in Hong Kong: disease, confli t and nursing in the British Empire, 1880–1914 41 Angharad Fletcher 3 The social exploits and behaviour of nurses during the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902 60 Charlotte Dale 4 ‘They do what you wish; they like you; you the good nurse!’: colonialism and Native Health nursing in New Zealand, 1900–40 84 Linda Bryder 5 Training the ‘natives’ as nurses in Australia: so what went wrong? 104 Odette Best v Contents 6 Working towards health, Christianity and democracy: American colonial and missionary nurses in Puerto Rico, 1900–30 126 Winifred C. Connerton 7 The early years of nursing in the Dutch East Indies, 1895–1920 145 Liesbeth Hesselink 8 A sample of Italian Fascist colonialism: nursing and medical records in the Imperial War in Ethiopia (1935–36) 169 Anna La Torre, Giancarlo Celeri Bellotti and Cecilia Sironi 9 Changes in nursing and mission in post-colonial Nigeria 188 Barbra Mann Wall 10 Two China ‘gadabouts’: guerrilla nursing with the Friends Ambulance Unit, 1946–48 208 Susan Armstrong-Reid Afterword 232 Rima D. Apple Select bibliography 237 Index 243 vi Figures 3.1 ‘Two in a tub’, Estcourt, 1900 (courtesy Army Medical Services Museum, Aldershot) page 69 5.1 Half-caste dormitory (Booth private photo collection) 112 5.2 Full-bloods’ camp (Booth private photo collection) 113 7.1 Mrs Bervoets and her husband with student nurses and student midwives in Mojowarno around 1910 (courtesy National Museum of World Cultures, Amsterdam, collection no. 10002346) 149 7.2 Midwife and student midwives at Semarang around 1910 (courtesy National Museum of World Cultures, Amsterdam, collection no. 10000788) 161 8.1 Princess Maria Jose of Italy on a ‘white boat’, 1935 (Giancarlo Celeri Bellotti’s personal collection) 175 10.1 Elizabeth and Margaret (kindly provided by Ms Rebecca Tesdell, from Margaret Stanley’s personal papers) 209 10.2 Map of MT19 trek 213 vii Contributors Rima D. Apple studied at New York University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has held joint appointments in the School of Human Ecology Departments of Consumer Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Women’s Studies Program, Science and Technology Studies Program and Department of Medical History and Bioethics. Professor Apple received a Vilas Life Cycle Professorship, University of Wisconsin Vilas Associateship, Burroughs Wellcome Grant and the School of Human Ecology Alumni Faculty Professional Excellence Award, and was named the ACOG-Ortho Fellow in the History of American Obstetrics and Gynecology. Her research focuses on the role of public health nurses in the evolution of maternal and child care, the history of consumerism and the history of home eco- nomics as a profession for women. Susan Armstrong-Reid is an Adjunct Professor of History at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. Her teaching at the univer- sity, focusing on the changing global humanitarian landscape since 1945, complements her research interest in global nursing within international organisations and in confli t zones. A member of the Executive Committee of the Canadian Association for the History of Nursing, she also serves as an adviser on the Centre of Leadership Studies at the University of Guelph. Giancarlo Celeri Bellotti gained his Nursing diploma in Milan, in 1982. In 1990 he graduated in Nursing Management and in 2009 gained his MscN. After experience in a cardio-emergency ward and in operating theatres, in 1999 he became a tutor in Nursing Science viii Contributors at the University of Milan. Since 2003, he has been President of the Italian Society for the History of Nursing. He is author of several art- icles on nursing history and in 2013 his book on Nursing History was published by Piccin, Padua. Odette Best through bloodline is a Gorreng Gorreng (Wakgun clan) and a Boonthamurra woman and through adoption she is a Koomumberri woman, commonly known as Aboriginal Australian. Odette is a registered nurse and her PhD was on ‘Yatdjuligin: the stor- ies of Aboriginal Registered Nurses in Queensland from 1950–2005’. Currently she is undertaking research into the Native Nurses’ Training Schools in Queensland in the 1940s–50s and into identifying the fi st Aboriginal registered nurse in Australia. She is a Senior Lecturer in the Oodgeroo Unit at Queensland University of Technology. Linda Bryder is Professor of History at the University of Auckland, where she teaches and publishes in the history of health and medicine, focusing primarily on Britain and New Zealand.
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