MIMAP Project Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies Updates

Vol. VIII No. 4 December 2001 http://www.panasia.org.sg/mimapph Update on the welfare status of CIDSS areas in Palawan1

he demand for information was prepared based on selected indicators expanded to the municipalities of , at the grassroots level is of welfare gathered from the CBMS Araceli, Busuanga, , Cuyo, brought about by the zeal for survey in the province. , , Magsaysay, , T greater transparency in The CIDSS Program is one of the ten and San Vicente in 1999. Table 1 shows governance. The Provincial Government flagship programs under the Social the details of coverage of CIDSS Program of took on the latter challenge Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act funded by DSWD in Palawan as of date. with the institutionalization of a (RA8425) which has been implemented Based from an interview with focal community-based monitoring system in the Philippines since 1994. The persons from DSWD, the availability of (CBMS) in 1999.2 The database program, implemented by the Department information on the welfare conditions in generated from the CBMS survey of Social Welfare and Development the CIDSS project sites is one of the conducted for the year 2000 in the (DSWD), aims for people empowerment crucial factors in the evaluation of project province was reported to have been by developing the capabilities of the poor proposals from these communities. In useful for local planning, and program- to undertake productive activities, gain particular, projects are partly assessed impact monitoring. Not only has the access and manage the delivery of basic based on the identified unmet needs from database been helpful for planning services in response to their minimum the Minimum Basic Need (MBN) survey. officials at various levels of government basic needs. Direct beneficiaries of the Other factors for assessment include the in the province but for managers and program are an estimated 200-250 community’s development plan, and researchers of non-government families belonging to barangays under the availability of counter-part funding from organizations as well. 5th and 6th class municipalities with urban the Local Government Unit (LGU). This article is among the series of poor communities as top priority, and The conduct of this report is done upon reports to be conducted by MIMAP- disadvantaged communities in 3rd and 4th the request of DSWD Assistant Secretary Philippines to assess the welfare class municipalities as top priority. ✑ 2 conditions among communities in the The CIDSS Program is currently being Province of Palawan using data from the supported by DSWD in 30 barangays in What’s Inside 3 CBMS. The succeeding discussion 12 municipalities in the province of p. 4 MIMAP-Philippines: highlights the development profile of Palawan. Implementation of the CIDSS PMO moves to DLSU areas covered by the Comprehensive Program in the province was pilot-tested Integrated Delivery of Social Services by DSWD in selected barangays in the p. 4 CBMS Training in (CIDSS) Program in the Province of municipalities of and Española Palawan for the year 2000. The profile in 1997. From thereon, the program p. 5 CBMS—Palawan Update p. 6 Peace and Order Situation 1 Based from a report on Welfare Indicators in CIDSS Areas in Palawan prepared by the Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic in the Philippines Adjustment Policies (MIMAP) Project-Philippines Project Management Office, August 2001. 2 See related articles in MIMAP Project Updates 1999-2001 various issues. 3 See earlier reports detailing the use of CBMS at the provincial and local levels in Palawan. RESEARCH RESULTS

Table 1. Update on the welfare status… Coverage of Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of From Page 1 Social Services (CIDSS) Program Province of Palawan, Philippines Celia Yangco during the presentation of 1993 Income Classification Municipalities/Barangays the CBMS results in Palawan in July 2001. 1. Sofronio Española l l Pulot Interior Punang General findings on municipalities Iraray covered by CIDSS 2. Bataraza l l Bulalacao Table 2 shows the welfare indicators Bono Bono Tarusan gathered from the CBMS survey 2000 3. Agutaya l l in the municipalities where the CIDSS Villa Fria Program has been implemented. Villa Sol Abagat 4. Araceli l l On Health and Nutrition Sto. Niño San Jose de Oro Mauringen Malnutrition is marked at 5.2% among 5. Busuanga l l children 0-6 years of age in CIDSS San Rafael barangays. In particular, malnutrition is New Busuanga Bogtong most prevalent in the CIDSS areas of 6.Cagayancillo l l Agutaya (18.4%) and Busuanga (12.2%). Magsaysay The lowest incidence of malnutrition is Sta. Cruz Talaga found in the barangays of Cuyo (0.5%) 7. Cuyo l l and Cagayancillo (1.4%). San Carlos Only 43.2% of the households in Marignian Catadman CIDSS barangays have access to safe 8. Dumaran l l water. Safe water is least accessible in the Sta. Maria barangays of Agutaya (4%) and Bataraza Danleg 9. Linapacan l l (16.7%). Among the CIDSS areas, Maroyogyog accessibility of safe water is highest San Nicolas among households in the barangays in 10. Magsaysay l l Sofronio Española (86.3%) and Busuanga Balaguen Igaban (66.8%)). 11. Culion l l Sanitary toilet facilities are accessible Luac to 65.6 % of the total households in Osmeña 12. San Vicente l l CIDSS barangays. Lowest access is Carurong marked in the CIDSS barangays of Poribaran Agutaya (36%), and Bataraza (45.4%) Source: CIDSS National Secretariat while highest access is noted in Cuyo (99.7%), and Cagayancillo (85.5%). Underemployment rate among workers Only 20.6% of households in CIDSS is high at 60.2%. Among the areas have incomes above the poverty Income and Livelihood municipalities with the highest threshold. The lowest proportions of underemployment are Sofronio Española households with income above the poverty Almost 83 % of the households in (97.6%), Araceli (97.2%) and Dumaran threshold are found in the CIDSS CIDSS barangays have at least one (96%). Compared to other CIDSS areas, barangays in Cagayancillo (0.8%), employed member. Employment is underemployment is lowest in Busuanga (6.4%), Araceli (8.4%), and highest among households in Agutaya Cagayancillo (18.8%), Agutaya (41.5%), Magsaysay (7.8%). Condition is relatively (100%) and Araceli (100%). and Bataraza (41.9%). better-off in the CIDSS barangays in

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 2 DECEMBER 2001 RESEARCH RESULTS

Cuyo, Bataraza, and San Vicente where participation is highest in Magsaysay nets and government or non-government the proportion of households with income (99%) and Cuyo (97.2%). interventions on the development status of greater than poverty threshold is pegged Almost 67 % of children, 13-16 years respective project sites. One must note that at 31.6% (for Cuyo and Bataraza) and old of age, in CIDSS areas are attending it would be difficult to judge the general 27.5 %, respectively. secondary school. The lowest school effectiveness of a given program per se participation rate is marked in the CIDSS solely on how the beneficiary communities Education barangays of Sofronio Española (44.5%) ranked in terms of a set of development and Bataraza (41.5%). School indicators in a given year. Thus, it would Literacy rate among the population in participation is highest in the CIDSS have been interesting to look at available CIDSS barangays is marked at 83.8%. barangays of Cuyo (90.7%) and Magsaysay baseline information in the aforementioned Among the CIDSS areas with the highest (87.6%). CIDSS communities to figure out how literacy are those in Cuyo (99.8%), these communities have improved Magsaysay (98.5%), and Agutaya (98.5%). Recommendations for Future Research overtime. One limitation in doing the latter, Lowest literacy rate is found in Sofronio however, is the difference in survey Española (60.3%) and Busuanga (77%). The profile of the CIDSS areas methodology of existing data sources. For In CIDSS barangays, 77.9 % of presented above meant to serve as a starting instance, available data on minimum basic elementary school-aged children are point for further evaluation of the welfare needs (MBN) gathered earlier pertains to attending school. The lowest school conditions of these communities. In indicators per family while the core participation rate is found in the CIDSS addition, the abovementioned data could indicators of CBMS pertains to household barangays of Sofronio Española (53.5%) also facilitate future evaluation of the information. In this regard, it may be and Bataraza (62.6%). School impact of CIDSS and other social safety difficult to have a time series analysis since the information from the two sources may Table 2. CBMS Indicators among Municipalities Covered by CIDSS Palawan, Philippines not be comparable. AREA OF CONCERN INDICATORS VARIABLES CIDSS The aforementioned discussion points (Rate in %) out to the need to sustain a regular source

A. Survival of baseline information that would aid monitoring of development status in the Health 1. Proportion of Households without infant death 93.4 2. Proportion of Households without 97.2 absence or presence of government deaths of children (1-6 yrs. old) interventions over a longer period of time. Nutrition 3. Prevalence of malnutrition among 5.2 The CBMS database, in the case of children 0-6 years old Palawan, may fill in needed information Water & 4. Proportion of Households with 43.2 for the identification of unmet needs and Sanitation access to safe water aid in the design of corresponding 5. Proportion of Households with 65.6 sanitary toilet facilities interventions4 among its communities.

B. Security The data may also be used to provide inputs for decisions for targetting of Shelter 6. Proportion of Households not in makeshift house 96.6 program beneficiaries, and resource Peace & Order 7. Proportion of Households without members 99.8 allocation in the short-run. If maintained who were victims of crimes 8. Proportion of Households without members 99.8 overtime, the CBMS database may also who were victims of armed encounters facilitate impact-monitoring of specific C. Enabling programs and policies of the local government units, national government Income & 9. Proportion of Households with income 20.6 Livelihood greater than the poverty threshold agencies as well as non-government 10. Proportion of Households with 82.9 MIMAP at least 1 employed member organizations. (BEM) 11. Underemployment Rate 60.2 4 Evaluation of projects, for instance, under the CIDSS Basic 12. Elementary school participation rate 77.9 program in the Province of Palawan require among other Education 13. Secondary school participation rate 66.5 considerations information on the top unmet needs in the and Literacy 14. Literacy rate 83.8 community. Other requirements in the approval of projects are the profiles and development plans of the respective *Note: Excludes data from CIDSS areas in Linapacan and Cuyo where CBMS was not implemented in the year 2000. communities. A primary data source for the said Source of Data: CBMS Survey 2000, Palawan. requirements is the Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) survey.

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 3 DECEMBER 2001 N E W S U P D A T E MIMAP-Philippines: PMO moves to DLSU he Micro Impacts of Macro- approved the research grant for the of Palawan in its province-wide economic Adjustment Poli- seventh phase of the MIMAP Project- implementation of a community-based cies (MIMAP) Project- Philippines in November. The work monitoring system (CBMS). T Philippines, led by Dr. Celia program which runs from November 16, MIMAP, an international research M. Reyes, recently commenced its new 2001-November 15, 2002 includes the project funded by the International project phase under the administration of conduct of new studies on the state of the Development Research Centre-Canada, the De La Salle University (DLSU) through Philippine households, and on seeks to provide a good information base the Angelo King Institute (AKI) for movements in and out of poverty in the for policy-making in the country. Economic and Business Studies. The DLSU country. In addition, the MIMAP-PMO Foremost in its work program over the AKI for Economic and Business Studies, will continue to provide technical support years is the development and use of headed by Dr. Ponciano S. Intal, Jr., is a to selected national and local government macro-econometric models for policy private organization that aims to contribute units in the development and impact assessment, poverty monitoring, towards poverty alleviation through institutionalization of a local poverty and the development of a community- research excellence, policy relevance, and monitoring system to complement the based monitoring system. The Project community and national service. national poverty monitoring system. In has likewise developed and maintained The International Development the recent years, MIMAP has been closely a website and electronic database for Research Centre (IDRC)-Canada working with the Provincial Government public access. (BEM) MIMAP CBMS Training in Puerto Princesa

he Micro Impacts of Mac and discussion on the roeconomic Adjustment processing of the Dr. Reyes explains to workshop participants the potential use of the Policies (MIMAP) collected information. information to be generated from CBMS. T Project-Philippines upon The training was organized upon the gathered will then serve as major the invitation of the municipal request of the municipal government of inputs in the planning and project- government of Puerto Princesa City Puerto Princesa City for MIMAP’s prioritizing process of the city conducted a 4-day training on assistance on the conduct of CBMS government. community-based monitoring system survey. The CBMS survey, which will Dr. Celia M. Reyes, Project (CBMS) last November 5-8, 2001 in be implemented initially in 11 Director of MIMAP-Philippines Puerto Princesa City. Included in the barangays, will be used to gather Project Management Office (PMO), training were presentation on the information on the welfare conditions of facilitated the training. Lending overview of the CBMS, orientation the city constituents, specifically those assistance were other MIMAP staff, on the questionnaire to be utilized at the level. The information ✑ 5

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 4 DECEMBER 2001 N E W S U P D A T E CBMS-Palawan Update he MIMAP-Philippines Project Management Office (PMO) participated in the T annual planning summit of the Provincial Government of Palawan held last September 25-26, 2001. In particular, MIMAP was invited to present the highlights of the results of the community-based monitoring system (CBMS) survey conducted in the province for the year 2000. Representing the MIMAP-PMO was Ms. Bernadette Mandap, who provided Gov. Joel Reyes of Palawan opens the Provincial Planning Summit wherein the CBMS data served as one an overview of the CBMS survey results of the bases for assessing the socioeconomic condition in the province. to the participants of the summit for the preparation of the development utilized for the preparation of the first comprised of the chief executives of the plan and budget appropriation in the human development report of Palawan. province, members of the provincial province. Invited as discussant for the Palawan board, municipal mayors and planning Meanwhile, the Provincial Planning presentation was Assistant Secretary Celia officials. Data generated from the CBMS and Development Office (PPDO) was Yangco of the Department of Social survey was considered as one of the bases invited by the National Statistical and Welfare and Development (DSWD). Coordination Board (NSCB) to present Yangco congratulated the Province for MIMAP Conducts… the highlights of the results of the CBMS being among the selected few who have a From Page 4 survey during the Poverty and Welfare comprehensive provincial profile. The session of the 8th National Convention in Palawan Human Development Report, Statistics held last October 2, 2001 at the she noted, is indeed not only a modest Westin Philippine Plaza, . Ms. attempt to capture the current situation Josephine Escaño, Chief of the Research of families in Palawan, but also a part of and Evaluation Division of PPDO trail blaizing effort in encouraging local Palawan shared the highlights of the governments to develop their own data CBMS utilization in the province. For base as a foundation for effective, efficient Workshop participants comprised of barangay instance, data from the CBMS survey was and quality governance. (BEM) MIMAP leaders and volunteers were provided hands-on exercises on administering the CBMS questionnaire. Ms. Anne Bernadette Mandap, Mr. Kenneth Ilarde, Mr. Rex Aurelius Robielos, Ms. Jaz Asirot and Ms. Lani Valencia. The actual CBMS survey started operations last November 11, 2001 and its success paved the way for the city government to pass a resolution for the implementation of CBMS in all barangays of Puerto Princesa City. (LEV) MIMAP Ms. Josie Escaño of PPDO (2nd from right) shares to researchers and program implementors the CBMS experience of the province of Palawan.

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 5 DECEMBER 2001 INDICATORS Peace and Order Situation in the Philippines

ne of the major Figure 1 prerequisites for the Average Crime Rates Philippines to achieve Philippines, 1990-2001 O economic growth is to solve the continuing threats of 228.0 instability in the peace and order 250.0 situation. In order to attract investors 200.0 and tourists to the Philippines, the government must boost the campaign 150.0 of making significant improvements in 115.2 109.7 98.8 100.0 public safety. However, the conflict in , which has become a war of 50.0 the central government, has adversely 0.0 affected the economic growth not only of the region but of the country as well. 1990 1995 2000 2001 Likewise, the link of Abu Sayyaf to the Source : Philippine National Police (PNP) Al Qaeda group of Osama Bin Laden, who is the main suspect in the World

Table 1 Crime Type by Region 2000 to 2001 Non-index crime Index crime 2000 2001 % Change 2000 2001 % Change

Philippines 42854 38874 -9.3 37254 38041 2.1

National Capital Region 9303 6902 -25.8 7900 7904 0.1 Cordillera Administrative Region 352 472 34.1 797 960 20.5 Region I-Ilocos 1626 1662 2.2 1824 1635 -10.4 Region II- 1186 1232 3.9 1308 1375 5.1 Region III-Central 5270 5182 -1.7 2509 2294 -8.6 Region IV-Southern Tagalog 8747 8427 -3.7 4678 4576 -2.2 Region V-Bicol 1326 1688 27.3 2333 2082 -10.8 Region VI-Western Visayas 1829 1642 -10.2 2877 2299 -20.1 Region VII- 4390 4738 7.9 2673 5150 92.7 Region VIII- 1793 1173 -34.6 1646 1654 0.5 Region IX-Western Mindanao 1851 1452 -21.6 2373 2173 -8.4 Region X-Northern Mindanao 2271 1538 -32.3 1781 1494 -16.1 Region XI-Southern Mindanao 1249 1320 5.7 1423 1332 -6.4 Region XII-Central Mindanao 1008 956 -5.2 2135 1963 -8.1 Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 212 140 -34.0 383 396 3.4 CARAGA 441 350 -20.6 614 754 22.8

Source : Philippine National Police (PNP)

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 6 DECEMBER 2001 INDICATORS

Figure 2. Average crime rates by region, 2001 Trade Center bombing in New York, has pressured the Philippines to intensify its fight against terrorism. Even though the war in Mindanao continues, there is a bright prospect in terms of the crime situation in the country. It should be noted that crime data are those crimes reported only to the Philippine National Police (PNP). Deaths due to armed conflict and kidnappings by the Abu Sayyaf are not anymore included in the crime statistics since this is already under the internal security operations of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). In the Philippines, there are two types of crime: the index and non-index crimes. Index crimes are crimes which are sufficiently significant and occur with sufficient regularity to be meaningful. Included in this category are crimes such as , homicide, physical injury, , theft and rape. On the other hand, non-index crimes are all types of crimes not considered as index crimes. Latest data from the Philippine National Police (PNP) show that the Source : Philippine National Police (PNP) average crime rate in the Philippines has been declining in the last 11 years. population. From 228.0 in 1990, Figure 2, followed by the National The average crime rate refers to the average crime rate has declined to 98.8 Capital Region (NCR) with 140.3. number of incidents for every 100,000 in 2001 (Figure 1). Across regions, Region 9 ranks third with an average Table 2 Region 7 has the highest average crime crime rate of 112.3. On the other hand, Number of Victims of Armed Conflict rate of 175.0 in 2001 as illustrated in the Autonomous Region for Muslim Selected Regions Mindanao (ARMM) recorded the lowest average crime rate of 24.1 in 2001, 2001 2000 1999 Figure 3. Types of Index Crimes, 2001 Philippines followed by Region 11 and the ARMM 68 395 0 CARAGA which both posted an Region 5 0 0 7 average crime rate of 49.3. Murder In terms of the types of crime, the Theft 15% Region 9 82 64 0 22% non-index crime in the Philippines declined from 42,854 in 2000 to 38,874 Region 10 4 0 4 Homicide in 2001, or roughly a decrease of 9.3 Region 11 3 228 6 11% percentage points (Table 1). Ten regions recorded a drop in the non- Region 12 18 292 43 Robbery index crime with Region 8 registering 16% the biggest drop of 34.6 percent. This Rape Physical Injury was followed by the ARMM and then Total 175 979 60 7% 29% by Region 10 which declined by 34.0 percent and 32.3 percent, respectively. Source: Disaster Response, Operations, Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC), On the other hand, six regions DSWD Source: Philippine National Police (PNP) ✑ 8

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 7 DECEMBER 2001 MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES MIMAP-PMO, NO STAMPS NEEDED. Entered as Third Class Rm. I-1016, 10th Flr. Angelo King International Center Mail at the Makati Central Estrada cor. Arellano St., Malate, Manila 0922, Philippines Post Office under Permit Number 899-96

MIMAP Project Updates- Peace and Order… Philippines is the quarterly From Page 7 newsletter of the MIMAP Project. This work was carried out with the registered an increase in the non-index ARMM has the highest number of aid of a grant from the crime. The top two regions, which victims of armed conflict with 395 International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, showed a remarkable percentage persons followed by Region 12 with Canada. increase, were the Cordillera 292 persons. Under the leadership of Administrative Region (CAR) and President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the The Updates may now be Region 5 which rose by 34.1 percent and victims of armed conflict declined to downloaded in Adobe Acrobat 27.3 percent, respectively. 175 persons with Region 9 having the format for free from the Project’s While there was decline in the non- highest number of 82 victims. website. The site can be accessed index crime in the Philippines, the In general, the peace and order through http://www.panasia.org. index crimes went up by 2.1 percentage situation in the country was far better sg/mimapph points in 2001. Seven regions recorded in 2001 compared to the previous year. an increase in the index crimes, with As can be seen in the latest figure, there Region 7 capturing the highest has been a boost by the government in For inquiries, percentage increase of 92.7 percent. On the campaign of making significant please write or call: the other hand, nine regions reported a improvements in public safety. The decline in the index crimes with Region government has also prioritized efforts MIMAP-PMO, 6 experiencing the biggest percentage to resolve the conflict in Mindanao and Rm. I-1016, 10th Flr. Angelo King drop of 20.1 percent. simultaneously intensified the fight International Center Among the types of index crimes in against terrorism. This effort could be Estrada cor. Arellano St., 2001, physical injury (29%) and theft seen as the take-off point of the Malate, Manila 0922, Philippines (22%) ranked as the top criminal government to eventually face the socio- E-mail: activity in the Philippines as shown in economic challenges that lie ahead. [email protected] Figure 3. This was followed by robbery (RCR) MIMAP (16%), murder (15%), homicide (11%) and rape (7%). On the other hand, the Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) of the Jasminda P. Asirot DSWD consolidates the number of Editorial Staff Kenneth C. Ilarde victims of armed conflict in selected Bernadette E. Mandap regions in the country. Table 2 shows that there was a tremendous increase Rex C. Robielos in the victims of armed conflict from Celia M. Reyes and Lani E. Valencia 60 in 1999 to 979 in 2000, the year Editor-in-Chief Reasearchers/Writers when former President Estrada declared war in Mindanao. The

MIMAP PROJECT UPDATES 8 DECEMBER 2001