Eritrea Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan: 13 the Status of B[Odiversity in Eritrea
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Arabian Ungulate CAMP & Leopard, Tahr, and Oryx PHVA Final Report 2001.Pdf
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) For The Arabian Ungulates and Leopard & Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) For the Arabian Leopard, Tahr, and Arabian Oryx 1 © Copyright 2001 by CBSG. A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN). 2001. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for the Arabian Leopard and Arabian Ungulates with Population and Habitat Viability Assessments for the Arabian Leopard, Arabian Oryx, and Tahr Reports. CBSG, Apple Valley, MN. USA. Additional copies of Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for the Arabian Leopard and Arabian Ungulates with Population and Habitat Viability Assessments for the Arabian Leopard, Arabian Oryx, and Tahr Reports can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. USA. 2 Donor 3 4 Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) For The Arabian Ungulates and Leopard & Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) For the Arabian Leopard, Tahr, and Arabian Oryx TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: Executive Summary 5. SECTION 2: Arabian Gazelles Reports 18. SECTION 3: Tahr and Ibex Reports 28. SECTION 4: Arabian Oryx Reports 41. SECTION 5: Arabian Leopard Reports 56. SECTION 6: New IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria; Taxon Data Sheet; and CBSG Workshop Process. 66. SECTION 7: List of Participants 116. 5 6 Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) For The Arabian Ungulates and Leopard & Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) For the Arabian Leopard, Tahr, and Arabian Oryx SECTION 1 Executive Summary 7 8 Executive Summary The ungulates of the Arabian peninsula region - Arabian Oryx, Arabian tahr, ibex, and the gazelles - generally are poorly known among local communities and the general public. -
The Ancients' One-Horned
The Ancients’ One-Horned Ass: Accuracy and Consistency Chris Lavers HIS PAPER explores ancient Greek and Roman accounts of the one-horned ass.1 These narratives have been studied extensively by literary scholars and historians but have Tbeen largely ignored by zoologists and geographers. When the zoological and geographical underpinnings of the accounts are examined, however, it becomes apparent that these ancient writers may have had a more definite notion of the region about which they wrote than hitherto has been assumed. The animals contributing to the descriptions of the one-horned ass by Ctesias, Pliny, and Aelian can be found in the highlands of Central Asia. Indeed, Central Asia appears to be the only place on the Earth’s surface that could have given rise to the corpus of ancient accounts of the unicorned ass and the animals that shared its landscape. 1. Introduction Ctesias of Cnidus was a Greek physician who spent seventeen years ministering at the court of the King of Persia. In 398 B.C. he returned to Greece and began two reference works, a history of Persia in twenty-three volumes, now mostly lost, and Indica, a treatise on the region probably roughly coincident with 1 It will quickly become apparent to regular readers of this journal that the author is not a classicist. I am greatly indebted to Kent Rigsby, the editorial board of GRBS, and an anonymous reviewer for considering a manuscript from a zoologist, and for their kind assistance in turning a clumsy initial submission into the present, less clumsy version. All opinions and errors are mine. -
Animals of Africa
Silver 49 Bronze 26 Gold 59 Copper 17 Animals of Africa _______________________________________________Diamond 80 PYGMY ANTELOPES Klipspringer Common oribi Haggard oribi Gold 59 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Copper 17 Bronze 26 Silver 49 Gold 61 Copper 17 Diamond 80 Diamond 80 Steenbok 1 234 5 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Cape grysbok BIG CATS LECHWE, KOB, PUKU Sharpe grysbok African lion 1 2 2 2 Common lechwe Livingstone suni African leopard***** Kafue Flats lechwe East African suni African cheetah***** _______________________________________________ Red lechwe Royal antelope SMALL CATS & AFRICAN CIVET Black lechwe Bates pygmy antelope Serval Nile lechwe 1 1 2 2 4 _______________________________________________ Caracal 2 White-eared kob DIK-DIKS African wild cat Uganda kob Salt dik-dik African golden cat CentralAfrican kob Harar dik-dik 1 2 2 African civet _______________________________________________ Western kob (Buffon) Guenther dik-dik HYENAS Puku Kirk dik-dik Spotted hyena 1 1 1 _______________________________________________ Damara dik-dik REEDBUCKS & RHEBOK Brown hyena Phillips dik-dik Common reedbuck _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________African striped hyena Eastern bohor reedbuck BUSH DUIKERS THICK-SKINNED GAME Abyssinian bohor reedbuck Southern bush duiker _______________________________________________African elephant 1 1 1 Sudan bohor reedbuck Angolan bush duiker (closed) 1 122 2 Black rhinoceros** *** Nigerian -
Nubian Ibex in the Eastern Desert, Egypt Paul R
Nubian ibex in the Eastern Desert, Egypt Paul R. Krausman and William W. Shaw In 1984, when the authors were working in the in this area (Halton, 1935). Some ibex have been central part of Egypt's Eastern Desert, they observed there as late as 1960 (Talbot, 1960). found some large tracks and followed them. Although it is suspected that relict populations From the top of a sand dune, they had a brief exist in remote mountain peaks of other areas of but clear view of an adult male Nubian ibex. the Eastern Desert, actual observations after This unexpected sighting confirms that there 1932 are lacking. is at least one population in this part of the Eastern Desert; the last report of ibex in the On 8 February 1984, while evaluating a portion area was in 1927. of the Eastern Desert, we were in the Assiut The ibex Capra ibex has a wide range in southern University Protected Area (AUPA), which is Europe and Asia (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, located 45 km east of Assiut, Egypt, (Figure 1). 1951), but its range in Africa is limited (Corbet, AUPA includes Wadi Habib (27° 11 'N, 31° 46'E) 1978). The Nubian ibex (C. i. nubiana) is and its junction with Wadi el Assuit (27° 10'N, 31° restricted to the Sinai Peninsula and the Eastern 16'E). We travelled by jeep approximately 25 km Desert in Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980). The from the junction of Wadi el Assiut and Wadi recent status of the Nubian ibex is documented in Habib to an area where the sandstone hills were the Sinai Peninsula (Baharav and Meiboom, partially covered with sand, forming a narrow 1981) but its distribution and status in the Eastern channel in the wadi. -
A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates
veterinary sciences Review A Scoping Review of Viral Diseases in African Ungulates Hendrik Swanepoel 1,2, Jan Crafford 1 and Melvyn Quan 1,* 1 Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-12-529-8142 Abstract: (1) Background: Viral diseases are important as they can cause significant clinical disease in both wild and domestic animals, as well as in humans. They also make up a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases. (2) Methods: A scoping review of peer-reviewed publications was performed and based on the guidelines set out in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. (3) Results: The final set of publications consisted of 145 publications. Thirty-two viruses were identified in the publications and 50 African ungulates were reported/diagnosed with viral infections. Eighteen countries had viruses diagnosed in wild ungulates reported in the literature. (4) Conclusions: A comprehensive review identified several areas where little information was available and recommendations were made. It is recommended that governments and research institutions offer more funding to investigate and report viral diseases of greater clinical and zoonotic significance. A further recommendation is for appropriate One Health approaches to be adopted for investigating, controlling, managing and preventing diseases. Diseases which may threaten the conservation of certain wildlife species also require focused attention. -
Tapir Tracks Dear Educator
TAPIR TRACKS A Curriculum Guide for Educators 2 Tapir Tracks Dear Educator, Welcome to Tapir Tracks! This curriculum was created for classroom teachers and educators at zoos and other nonformal science learning centers to enable you and your students to discover tapirs of the Americas and Asia. Because tapirs spread seeds from the fruits they eat, these little-known mammals are essential to the health of the forests they inhabit. However, tapir populations are rapidly declining. Loss of their habitat and hunting threaten tapir survival. An international team of scientists and conservationists works to study wild tapirs, manage the zoo-based population, protect habitat, and educate local communities. We collaborate through the Tapir Specialist Group, of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission. This packet includes background information along with lesson plans and activities that can easily be adapted for kindergarten, elementary and secondary school students (grades K-12). An online link is included for you to download images and videos to use in your teaching: http://tapirs.org/resources/educator-resources. This toolkit is designed to enable you to meet curriculum requirements in multiple subjects. Students can explore the world’s tapirs through science, environmental studies, technology, social studies, geography, the arts and creative writing activities. We hope that by discovering tapirs through these lessons and engaging activities that students will care and take action to protect tapirs -
Deciduous Forest
Biomes and Species List: Deciduous Forest, Desert and Grassland DECIDUOUS FOREST Aardvark DECIDUOUS FOREST African civet DECIDUOUS FOREST American bison DECIDUOUS FOREST American black bear DECIDUOUS FOREST American least shrew DECIDUOUS FOREST American pika DECIDUOUS FOREST American water shrew DECIDUOUS FOREST Ashy chinchilla rat DECIDUOUS FOREST Asian elephant DECIDUOUS FOREST Aye-aye DECIDUOUS FOREST Bobcat DECIDUOUS FOREST Bornean orangutan DECIDUOUS FOREST Bridled nail-tailed wallaby DECIDUOUS FOREST Brush-tailed phascogale DECIDUOUS FOREST Brush-tailed rock wallaby DECIDUOUS FOREST Capybara DECIDUOUS FOREST Central American agouti DECIDUOUS FOREST Chimpanzee DECIDUOUS FOREST Collared peccary DECIDUOUS FOREST Common bentwing bat DECIDUOUS FOREST Common brush-tailed possum DECIDUOUS FOREST Common genet DECIDUOUS FOREST Common ringtail DECIDUOUS FOREST Common tenrec DECIDUOUS FOREST Common wombat DECIDUOUS FOREST Cotton-top tamarin DECIDUOUS FOREST Coypu DECIDUOUS FOREST Crowned lemur DECIDUOUS FOREST Degu DECIDUOUS FOREST Working Together to Live Together Activity—Biomes and Species List 1 Desert cottontail DECIDUOUS FOREST Eastern chipmunk DECIDUOUS FOREST Eastern gray kangaroo DECIDUOUS FOREST Eastern mole DECIDUOUS FOREST Eastern pygmy possum DECIDUOUS FOREST Edible dormouse DECIDUOUS FOREST Ermine DECIDUOUS FOREST Eurasian wild pig DECIDUOUS FOREST European badger DECIDUOUS FOREST Forest elephant DECIDUOUS FOREST Forest hog DECIDUOUS FOREST Funnel-eared bat DECIDUOUS FOREST Gambian rat DECIDUOUS FOREST Geoffroy's spider monkey -
(EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections
viruses Article Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections Azza Abdelgawad 1, Armando Damiani 2, Simon Y. W. Ho 3, Günter Strauss 4, Claudia A. Szentiks 1, Marion L. East 1, Nikolaus Osterrieder 2 and Alex D. Greenwood 1,5,* 1 Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, Berlin 10315, Germany; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (C.A.S.); [email protected] (M.L.E.) 2 Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Berlin 14163, Germany; [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (N.O.) 3 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] 4 Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, Am Tierpark 125, Berlin 10307, Germany; [email protected] 5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19, Berlin 14163, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-30-516-8255 Academic Editor: Joanna Parish Received: 21 July 2016; Accepted: 14 September 2016; Published: 20 September 2016 Abstract: Alphaherpesviruses are highly prevalent in equine populations and co-infections with more than one of these viruses’ strains frequently diagnosed. Lytic replication and latency with subsequent reactivation, along with new episodes of disease, can be influenced by genetic diversity generated by spontaneous mutation and recombination. Latency enhances virus survival by providing an epidemiological strategy for long-term maintenance of divergent strains in animal populations. The alphaherpesviruses equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 9 (EHV-9) have recently been shown to cross species barriers, including a recombinant EHV-1 observed in fatal infections of a polar bear and Asian rhinoceros. -
The Classical Rhinoceros
The Classical Rhinoceros by SIR WILLIAMGOWERS Y the term ‘ classical rhinoceros ’ I mean the rhinoceros which was known to the Greek and Roman world during the five and a half centuries between 300 B.C. B and A.D. 250, which was shown from time to time at Alexandria under the Ptolemies and later on appeared regularly in the arena at Rome taking part in fights with other beasts and with men. Although the Indian rhinoceros seems occasionally to have been exhibited at Rome, at any rate in the early years of the Empire, I believe that the rhino- ceros usually shown there came from Africa, and I have tried to anaIyse such evidence as is available to show firstly what species it was and secondly what part of Africa it came from. There are, of course, two quite distinct kinds of African rhinoceros, the square- mouthed and the prehensile-lipped, popularly known respectively as the White and the Black Rhinoceros. Until recently their scientific names were Rhinoceros simus and Rhinoceros bicornis, but systematists have now separated them into two genera, calling the former Ceratotherium simunz and the latter Diceros bicornis ; denying to both the title of Rhinoceros which they reserve for the Indian rhinoceros and its near Asiatic relatives. For the sake of simplicity and brevity I shall retain the old names and call them simus and bicornis. The popular misnomers of ‘ white ’ and ‘ black ’ are a legacy from the South African Dutch of the 17th century, who called simus ‘ wit renaster ’ and bicornis ‘ zwart renaster’. They were not very particular about exact shades of colour and probably meant no more than that one species usually appeared much lighter than the other. -
The Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis) Robin W
Intensive Management and Preventative Medicine Protocol for the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) Robin W. Radcliffe, DVM, DACZM Scott B. Citino, DVM, DACZM Ellen S. Dierenfeld, MS, PhD Thornas J. Foose, MS, PhD l Donald E. Paglia, MD John S. Romo History and ~ack~iound The Sumatran rhinoceros (~icerorhinussumatrensis) is a highly endangered browsing rhinoceros that inhabits the forested regions of Indonesia and Malaysia. The Sumatran is considered a primitive rhinoceros with a characteristic coat of hair; it is closely related to the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonfa antiquitatis), a species once abundant throughout Asia during the Pleistocene era. In Malaysia, the Sumatran rhino is known locally as badak Kerbau while in Indonesia the local name is badak Sumatera. Today the Sumatran rhinoceros is considered one of the most7endangered large mammals on earth with an estimated 300 animals remaining. Poaching for the animal's horrhas resulted in their decline with habitat loss a secondary factor contributing to population reduction and isolation. Attempts at captive propagation of the Sumatran rhmoceros have been problematic due to sigruhcant health problems and an inability to provide. appropriate captive nutritional and husbandry requirements needed to meet the demands of these highly specialized browsers. This Preventative Medicine Protocol is designed to provide a basis upon which more natural captive propagation efforts for this species can proceed by providing a tool for monitoring health. Goals of Preven tative Medicine Protocol The goals of the preventative medicine protocol are to provide a comprehensive monitoring program to assist in preventing disease and making appropriate decisions regarding health of captive animals. This protocol can be broken down into four main areas: 1. -
The Animals Saved from the Flood by Noah. Detail from a Painting by Roeland Savery
THE STORY OF MAN'S DISCOVERY OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Translated from the German by MICHAEL BULLOCK Illustrated with photographs and line drawings The animals saved from the Flood by Noah. Detail from a painting by Roeland Savery. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON 1 959 34 A CABINET OF MONSTERS MONOCEROS AND RHINOCEROS 35 in a thoroughly practical way. He had an elephant station set up earlier versions by the Latin word unicornis or the Greek monoceros near Api in the Congo-the first of its kind on African soil since --both meaning one-horn. It is clear, at any rate, that there once the days of Ptolemy Philadelphus. The experiment succeeded, al existed in the East a powerful beast which n1en caught, tied to the though Kornaks brought from India could not cope with the crib, put in harness and set to work in the fields. The taming of forest elephants of the Congo. Native Zanga negroes, on the this beast seemed to the men of those days a great and wonderful other hand, managed very well. After the closing of Api a new event, an epoch-making feat that could not have been accom station was established at Gangala-na-Bodio on the upper Wele. plished without the grace of God. Here the tame elephants of the colonial government still perform This unicorn was already a legendary creature in the ancient valuable services as draught animals and beasts of burden in all world. In the Middle Ages it developed into a mythical super sorts of forestry work, in spite of the introduction of lorries and beast, the nature of which Leonardo da Vinci outlined in the tractors. -
Conservation Strategy for the Arabian Peninsula
Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................7 1. Intorduction ................................................................................................9 2. Status and Distribution .............................................................................10 3. Problem Analysis .....................................................................................12 4. Range-wide Conservation Strategy ..........................................................13 5. Implementation of the Arabina Leopard Conservation Strategy .............18 6. References ................................................................................................22 7. Acknowledgements ..................................................................................22 Appendix I: List of Workshop Participants .................................................23 Appendix II: List of Range State Agencies ..................................................24 Editors: Urs & Christine Breitenmoser, David Mallon & Jane-Ashley Edmonds Layout: Christine Breitenmoser & Amal Al Hosani Translation: Nashat Hamidan Cover photo: Arabian Leopard in Oman Photo: Andrew Spalton. Foreword by His Highness the Ruler of Sharjah Al nimr al-arabi, the Arabian leopard, is a uniquely small, genetically distinctive, desert-adapted form of the leopard that is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. It once occurred around the moun- tainous rim