DOCSLIB.ORG

Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in An

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in An Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-6-2009 Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community Christine Labriola Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Labriola, Christine, "Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community" (2009). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 143. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/143 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE, AND MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE IN AN INDIGENOUS AMAZONIAN COMMUNITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Christine Labriola 2009 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Christine Labriola, and entitled Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Laura Ogden _______________________________________ William Vickers _______________________________________ Dennis Wiedman, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 6, 2009 The thesis of Christine Labriola is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2009 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Laura Ogden and Dr. William Vickers, and especially the chair, Dr. Dennis Wiedman, for their academic guidance, patience, and support. I would also like to thank many other professors in the Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies, the Department of Earth and Environment, and the Department of Biological Sciences for providing me with the background in the methodologies, theories, and literatures needed to conduct this study. I would also like to thank the Tinker Foundation for awarding a research grant for the fieldwork, and the Latin American and Caribbean Center for providing this funding opportunity. Thank you also to Project Amazonas for their important role in arranging fieldwork, and most of all I thank the community of Comandancia for their participation, generosity in sharing their knowledge, and inspiration. iii ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE, AND MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE IN AN INDIGENOUS AMAZONIAN COMMUNITY by Christine Labriola Florida International University, 2009 Miami, Florida Professor Dennis Wiedman, Major Professor Diminishing cultural and biological diversity is a current global crisis. Tropical forests and indigenous peoples are adversely affected by social and environmental changes caused by global political and economic systems. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate environmental and livelihood challenges as well as medicinal plant knowledge in a Yagua village in the Peruvian Amazon. Indigenous peoples’ relationships with the environment is an important topic in environmental anthropology, and traditional botanical knowledge is an integral component of ethnobotany. Political ecology provides a useful theoretical perspective for understanding the economic and political dimensions of environmental and social conditions. This research utilized a variety of ethnographic, ethnobotanical, and community-involved methods. Findings include data and analyses about the community’s culture, subsistence and natural resource needs, organizations and institutions, and medicinal plant use. The conclusion discusses the case study in terms of the disciplinary framework and offers suggestions for research and application. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1. Background................................................................................................................ 1 Tropical Forest Cultural and Biological Diversity...................................................... 1 Indigenous People and Environmental Knowledge.................................................... 2 2. The Study: Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge ........................ 4 Overview and Research Questions ............................................................................. 4 Case Study and Research Expectations ...................................................................... 5 Purpose and Contribution ........................................................................................... 6 II. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................. 8 Overview..................................................................................................................... 8 1. Environmental Anthropology .................................................................................... 8 The Environment in Anthropology............................................................................. 8 Indigenous People and Biodiversity Conservation................................................... 10 From Local to Global: Indigenous Communities and Natural Resources ................ 17 2. Political Ecology...................................................................................................... 21 Overview and Background ....................................................................................... 21 Theoretical Approach................................................................................................ 23 Methods and Applications ........................................................................................ 26 The Amazon Environment and Indigenous Knowledge........................................... 29 3. Ethnobotany ............................................................................................................. 32 Background, Theory, and Methods........................................................................... 32 Amazon Forest Research .......................................................................................... 36 Traditional Botanical Knowledge and Biocultural Conservation............................. 39 Indigenous Medicinal Plant Knowledge................................................................... 42 4. Yagua Ethnography .................................................................................................. 46 History and Culture................................................................................................... 46 Shamanism, Leadership, and Health......................................................................... 49 Livelihood................................................................................................................. 53 Plant Use ................................................................................................................... 55 Problems and Needs.................................................................................................. 60 III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 67 1. Research Design........................................................................................................ 67 Overview................................................................................................................... 67 Fieldwork and Research Population ......................................................................... 67 Confidentiality and Benefits to Participants ............................................................. 69 Community Participatory Approaches...................................................................... 70 Limitations, Validity, and Reliability ....................................................................... 72 2. Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 74 Participant-Observation and Interviews.................................................................... 74 v Focus Groups, Meetings, Workshops, and Photographs .......................................... 76 3. Data Analysis............................................................................................................ 77 Primary Data ............................................................................................................. 77 Secondary Data ......................................................................................................... 79 IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 80 1. The Yagua Community of Comandancia: Social and Cultural Overview............... 80 Introduction............................................................................................................... 80 Lifestyle Overview...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Allelopathic Potential of Mustard Crop Residues on Weed Management
    J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(3): 372–379, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39398 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online) Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University Journal home page: http://baures.bau.edu.bd/jbau, www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU Weed diversity of the family Poaceae in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and their ethnobotanical uses Ashaduzzaman Sagar, Jannat-E-Tajkia and A.K.M. Golam Sarwar Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh ARTICLE INFO Abstract A taxonomic study on the weeds of the family Poaceae growing throughout the Bangladesh Agricultural Article history: University campus was carried out to determine species diversity of grasses in the campus. A total of 81 Received: 03 July 2018 species under 46 genera and 2 subfamilies of the family Poaceae were collected and identified; their uses Accepted: 19 November 2018 in various ailments were also recorded. Out of the three subfamilies, no weed from the subfamily Published: 31 December 2018 Bambusoideae was found. Among the genera, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Brachiaria, Panicum, Echinochloa and Sporobolus were most dominant in context to number of species with a total of 29 species. While 28 Keywords: genera were represented by single species each in BAU campus; of these 15 genera were in Bangladesh as Grass weeds; Phenology; well. Some of them are major and obnoxious weeds in different crop fields including staples rice and Taxonomy; BAU campus; wheat. The flowering period will be helpful for the management of respective weed population. Many of Ethnobotanical uses these weed species have high economical, ethnomedicinal and other uses.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAPHIE by Cornelia D. Niles with INTRODUCTION and BOTANICAL
    A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BEAUVOIS' AGROSTO- • GRAPHIE By Cornelia D. Niles WITH INTRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL NOTES By Aones Chase nrntODTJCTiON The Essai d?une Nouvelle Agrostographie ; ou Nouveaux Genres des Graminees; avec figures representant les Oaracteres de tous les Genres, by A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois, published in 1812, is, from the standpoint of the nomenclature of grasses, a very important work, its importance being due principally to its innumerable errors, less so because of its scientific value. In this small volume 69 new genera are proposed and some 640 new species, new binomials, and new names are published. Of the 69 genera proposed 31 are to-day recognized as valid, and of the 640 names about 61 are commonly accepted. There is probably not a grass flora of any considerable region anywhere in the world that does not contain some of Beauvois' names. Many of the new names are made in such haphazard fashion that they are incorrectly listed in the Index Kewensis. There are, besides, a number of misspelled names that have found their way into botanical literature. The inaccuracies are so numerous and the cita- tions so incomplete that only a trained bibliographer* could solve the many puzzles presented. Cornelia D. Niles in connection with her work on the bibliography of grasses, maintained in the form of a card catalogue in the Grass Herbarium, worked out the basis in literature of each of these new names. The botanical problems involved, the interpretation of descriptions and figures, were worked out by Agnes Chase, who is also respon- sible for the translation and summaries from the Advertisement, Introduction, and Principles.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Convergence Into Life-Forms in a Hyperseasonal Cerrado in Central Brazil Silva, IA.* and Batalha, MA
    ID Artigo: 118-06 envio: 14/5/2008 Diagramador: Cleberson cubomultimidia publicações e-mail: [email protected] Species convergence into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado in central Brazil Silva, IA.* and Batalha, MA. Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received September 21, 2006 – Accepted November 30, 2006 – Distributed May 31, 2008 (With 3 figures) Abstract Whether the functional structure of ecological communities is deterministic or historically contingent is still quite con- troversial. However, recent experimental tests did not find effects of species composition variation on trait convergence and therefore the environmental constraints should play the major role on community convergence into functional groups. Seasonal cerrados are characterized by a sharp seasonality, in which the water shortage defines the community functioning. Hyperseasonal cerrados experience additionally waterlogging in the rainy season. Here, we asked whether waterlogging modifies species convergences into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado. We studied a hyperseasonal cerrado, comparing it with a nearby seasonal cerrado, never waterlogged, in Emas National Park, central Brazil. In each area, we sampled all vascular plants by placing 40 plots of 1 m2 plots in four surveys. We analyzed the species convergences into life-forms in both cerrados using the Raunkiaer’s life-form spectrum and the index of divergence from species to life-form diversity (IDD). The overall life-form spectra and IDDs were not different, indicating that waterlogging did not affect the composition of functional groups in the hyperseasonal cerrado.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Convergence Into Life-Forms in a Hyperseasonal Cerrado in Central Brazil Silva, IA.* and Batalha, MA
    Species convergence into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado in central Brazil Silva, IA.* and Batalha, MA. Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received September 21, 2006 – Accepted November 30, 2006 – Distributed May 31, 2008 (With 3 figures) Abstract Whether the functional structure of ecological communities is deterministic or historically contingent is still quite con- troversial. However, recent experimental tests did not find effects of species composition variation on trait convergence and therefore the environmental constraints should play the major role on community convergence into functional groups. Seasonal cerrados are characterized by a sharp seasonality, in which the water shortage defines the community functioning. Hyperseasonal cerrados experience additionally waterlogging in the rainy season. Here, we asked whether waterlogging modifies species convergences into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado. We studied a hyperseasonal cerrado, comparing it with a nearby seasonal cerrado, never waterlogged, in Emas National Park, central Brazil. In each area, we sampled all vascular plants by placing 40 plots of 1 m2 plots in four surveys. We analyzed the species convergences into life-forms in both cerrados using the Raunkiaer’s life-form spectrum and the index of divergence from species to life-form diversity (IDD). The overall life-form spectra and IDDs were not different, indicating that waterlogging did not affect the composition of functional groups in the hyperseasonal cerrado. However, there was a seasonal variation in IDD values only in the hyperseasonal cerrado. As long as we did not find a seasonal variation in life-form diversity, the seasonal variation of convergence into life-forms in the hyperseasonal cerrado was a conse- quence of the seasonal variation of species diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The North American Species of Ichnanthus
    THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ICHNANTHUS. By A. S. HITCHCOCK. INTRODUCTION. The genus Ichnanthus is closely allied to Panicum, the largest genus of the tribe Paniceae. The technical character that separates it is the presence of two winglike appendages at the base of the fertile lemma. In many of our North American species the appendages are obsolete and are indicated only by minute scars or excavations. Along with this technical character is that of a general resemblance in habit and in the appearance of the panicles and spikelets, espe­ cially the slightly boat-shaped tips of the glumes and lemmas. Most of the species have broad flat blades. One species, I. icMuxleIJ, devi­ ates from this concept in every respect except in the presence of • well-marked appendages. Altogether the genus is an assemblage of somewhat diverse species, which are segregated from Panicum on rather weak technical grounds. The type species, with its large blades Rnd prominent appendages, was more distinct from Panicwm than most of the species that have since been united with it. As a genus lchnanthu8 is less distinct than several groups, such as 811ntheriwta, Lasiacis, and Echinochloa, that were included by older authors in Panicum as sections. There are about 2~ known species of I chnanthU(J, mostly South American, 10 extending into tropical North America and one, I. pal­ lens, found also in the Philippines and tropical Asia. DESCRIl'TIOlil OF THE GENOS Aml SPECIES. Ice RAlI'I'HU8 BeallV. Ichnanthu8 Denuv. Esa. Agr08t. ~. 1812. Beauvois gives a generic descrIp­ tion nno mentions one species, I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Journal on Taxonomic Botany, Plant Sociology and Ecology
    A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 12(2) REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 12(2): 129-204.22 November 2004 Editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA, MIEN A. RIFAI, SOEDARSONO RISWAN, JOHANIS P. MOGEA Correspondence and subscriptions of the journal should be addressed to HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BIDANG BOTANI, PUSAT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI - LIPI, BOGOR, INDONESIA REINWARDTIA Vol 12, Part 2, pp: 159 – 179 A REVISION OF MALESIAN ISACHNE SECT. ISACHNE (GRAMINEAE, PANICOIDEAE, ISACHNEAE) E.A.P. ISKANDAR & J.F. VELDKAMP1) Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. 1) e-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT ISKANDAR, E.A.P. & VELDKAMP, J.F. 2004. A revision of Malesian Isachne sect. Isachne (Gramineae, Panicoideae, Isachneae). Reinwardtia 12 (2): 159 – 179. – There are ca. 23 species of Isachne in Malesia of which the seven belonging to sect. Isachne are treated here. Isachne miliacea Roth has been misapplied to I. minutula (Gaudich.) Kunth, as its type belongs to I. globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze. Isachne pulchella Roth is the correct name for I. dispar Trin. Key words: Isachne, Gramineae, Malesia. ABSTRAK ISKANDAR, E.A.P. & VELDKAMP, J.F. 2004. Revisi Isachne sect. Isachne (Gramineae, Panicoideae, Isachneae) di Malesia. Reinwardtia 12 (2): 159 – 179.– Tujuh jenis Isachne sect. Isachne di dalam 23 jenis Isachne di Malesia dibahas di sini. Isachne miliacea Roth merupakan sinonim dari I. globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, dan nama tersebut selama ini disalahterapkan pada I. minutula (Gaudich.) Kunth. Isachne pulchella Roth merupakan nama yang benar untuk I. dispar Trin. Kata kunci: Isachne, Gramineae, Malesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information
    Supporting Information Christin et al. 10.1073/pnas.1216777110 SI Materials and Methods blades were then embedded in resin (JB-4; Polysciences), Phylogenetic Inference. A previously published 545-taxa dataset of following the manufacturer’s instructions. Five-micrometer the grasses based on the plastid markers rbcL, ndhF,andtrnK-matK thick cross-sections of the embedded leaf fragments were cut (1) was expanded and used for phylogenetic inference. For species with a microtome and stained with saturated cresyl violet sampled for anatomical cross-sections but not included in the acetate (CVA). Some samples were fixed in formalin-pro- published dataset, the markers ndhF and/or trnK-matK were either pionic acid-alcohol (FPA), embedded in paraffin, sectioned at retrieved from GenBank when available or were newly sequenced 10 μm, and stained with a safranin O-orange G series (11) as from extracted genomic DNA with the method and primers de- described in (12). All slides were made permanent and are scribed previously (1, 2). These new sequences were aligned to the available on request. dataset, excluding the regions that were too variable as described previously (1). The final dataset totaled 604 taxa and was used for Anatomical Measurements. All C3 grasses possess a double BS, with “ phylogenetic inference as implemented in the software Bayesian the outer layer derived from ground meristem to form a paren- ” Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST) (3). chyma sheath, and the internal layer derived from the vascular “ ” The phylogenetic tree was inferred under a general time-re- procambium to form a mestome sheath (13). Many C4 grasses versible substitution model with a gamma-shape parameter and also possess these two BS layers, with one of them specialized in “ ” a proportion of invariants (GTR+G+I).
    [Show full text]
  • 49 O Gênero Ichnanthus (Poaceae: Paniceae) Na
    Acta bot. bras. 17(1): 49-70. 2003 49 O GÊNERO ICHNANTHUS (POACEAE: PANICEAE) NA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA, BRASIL1 Reyjane Patrícia de Oliveira2 Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner3 Ana Maria Giulietti4 Recebido em 01/02/2000. Aceito em 12/05/2002 RESUMO – (O gênero Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil). É apresentado o levantamento das espécies do gênero Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) presentes na Chapada Diamantina, parte norte da Cadeia do Espinhaço, situada na região central do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. O trabalho foi feito com base em estudo de espécimes de herbários, coletas intensivas e análise das populações no campo. Foi confirmada a ocorrência de nove espécies que habitam geralmente bordas de matas (I. leiocarpus, I. nemoralis e I. pallens), algumas das quais presentes também nos campos rupestres e cerrados (I. bambusiflorus, I. calvescens, I. dasycoleus, I. inconstans e I. procurrens), ou predominando nestes, sendo apenas uma restrita a áreas de caatinga (I. zehntneri). Este trabalho apresenta chave analítica para a identificação das espécies, descrições e ilustrações das mesmas, além de comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos. Palavras-chave – Gramineae, gramíneas, Ichnanthus, florística, Brasil ABSTRACT – (The genus Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) at “Chapada Diamantina”, Bahia State, Brazil). A survey of the species of Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) at the Chapada Diamantina, Northern section of the Espinhaço Range in the central region of the State of Bahia, Brazil, is presented. The work was based on the study of herbarium specimens, intensive field collections and observation of populations. Nine species were confirmed, which occur especially in the forest edges (I. leiocarpus, I.
    [Show full text]
  • Panicoideae: Paniceae) ⁎ A.S
    South African Journal of Botany 72 (2006) 559–564 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Vivipary and pseudovivipary in the Poaceae, including the first record of pseudovivipary in Digitaria (Panicoideae: Paniceae) ⁎ A.S. Vega a, , Z.E. Rúgolo de Agrasar b a Cátedra de Botánica Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina b Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, C.C. 22, B1642HYD, Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 6 February 2006; accepted 17 March 2006 Abstract This paper reviews and adds information about the phenomena of vivipary and pseudovivipary in the Poaceae, which are reported from 21 genera belonging to subfamilies Pooideae, Panicoideae and Chloridoideae. A previously overlooked description of pseudovivipary in Digitaria angolensis is confirmed and constitutes the first record of pseudovivipary in the genus Digitaria. This species is illustrated for the first time and the proliferation phenomenon in the spikelets is described and documented. © 2006 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Digitaria angolensis; Paniceae; Poaceae; Pseudovivipary; Vivipary 1. Introduction from vivipary sensu stricto. In grasses, the most familiar situation is the conversion of the whole spikelet or part of the The term vivipary in a strict sense should be confined to the spikelet into a leafy shoot. Plantlets of pseudoviviparous grasses germination of seeds in situ without a resting period (Goebel, are capable of photosynthesis at any stage of their development 1905; Arber, 1965; Font Quer, 1993). The seeds germinate (Lee and Harmer, 1980) and, after dehiscing from the parent while still attached to the mother plant and the young seedling plant and subsequent dispersal, may root and establish more grows to a considerable length before falling.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015-302-001
    BRS Weed Risk Assessment Data Entry Form 4.0 Use the Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) Work Instructions to fill out the fields below. Be sure to read all of the text associated with each question every time you conduct a WRA. Basic information (8 questions) (1) WRA version number (2) WRA number 4.0 2015­302­001 (3) GE or baseline (4) Baseline WRA number GE 2015­292­001 (5) CBI (6) Applicant no N/A (7) Preparers (8) Reviewers BRS BRS Taxonomy and sexually compatible relatives (6 questions) (9) Common name (10) Scientific name Lowland switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. (11) Other common names GE: Draft N/A. ­­­­­ BASELINE: Old switch panic grass (ITIS, 2015). (12) Scientific name synonyms GE: N/A. ­­­­­ BASELINE: Panicum virgatum var. spissum Linder; Panicum virgatum var. virgatum L.; Panicum virgatum var. cubense Griseb.; Panicum virgatum var. obtusum Alph. Wood; Chasea virgata (L.) Nieuwl.; Eatonia purpurascens Raf.; Ichnanthus glaber Link ex Steud.; Milium virgatum (L.) Lunell.; Panicum buchingeri E. Fourn.; Panicum buchingeri E. Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Panicum coloratum Walter; Panicum giganteum Scheele; Panicum glaberrimum Steud.; Panicum ichnanthoides E. Fourn.; Panicum kunthii E. Fourn.; Panicum pruinosum Bernh. ex Trin.; Panicum virgatum ssp. cubense (Griseb.) Borhidi; Milium virgatum var. elongatum (Vasey) Lunell; Panicum virgatum var. breviramosum Nash; Panicum virgatum var. confertum Vasey; Panicum virgatum var. diffusum Vasey; Panicum virgatum var. elongatum Vasey; Panicum virgatum var. glaucephyllum Cassidy; Panicum virgatum var. scorteum Linder; and Panicum virgatum var. thyrsiforme Linder (ITIS, 2015). (13) Taxonomic scope GE: The taxonomic scope of this WRA remains the ecotype level., i.e., lowland switchgrass (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds and Plants Imported
    Issued Hay 23, 1922. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1919. (No/58; Nos. 46951 TO 47348.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OJFtOE. 1122. Issued May 23, 1922. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1919. (No. 58; Nos. 46951 TO 47348.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1922. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL F. KELLERMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL. Assistant in Charge of Business Operations, H. E. ALLAN SON. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAFF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge. P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Gardens. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, Special Research Projects. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Experimenters' Service. Wilson Popenoe and J. F. Rock, Agricultural Explorers. R. A. Young, Plant Introducer, in Change of Dasheen and Tropical Yam Investigations. H. C. Ske^ls, Botanist, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Assistant Botanist, m Charge of Botanical Investigations. L. G. Hoover, Assistant Plant Introducer, in Charge of Chayote Investigations. C. C. Thomas, Assistant Plant Introducer, in Charge of Jujube Investigations. E. L. Crandall, Assistant in Charge of Photographic Laboratory. P. G. Russell and Patty Newbold, Scientific Assistants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ottochloa-Nodosa.Pdf
    Weed Science Society of America Ottochloa nodosa Nomenclature: Family: Poaceae Species: Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Synonyms: Panicum nodosum Kunth Panicum arnottianum (Nees ex Steud.) Panicum aequabile Domin Panicum multinode J. Presl Panicum urochloides (Büse) Boerl. Ottochloa arnottiana (Nees ex Steud.) Dandy Digitaria divulsa Mez Digitaria urochloides Büse Hemigymnia multinodis Stapf Ichnanthus oblongus Hughes Holm et al. (1979) record for P. nodosum Kunth in Hawaii. Another species, P. nodosum Willd. ex Steud. (=P. bulbosum Kunth) does occur in the United States, but only in the southwest (Hitchcock, 1950). Common Names: slender panic grass; rumput pait, rumput rawa, and rumput pahang (Malaysia) Bayer Code: OTTNO Description: Perennial grass, spreading by long-growing runners rooting at the nodes. Shoots also growing up to 30–120 cm. Leaves linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 7.5–20 cm x 0.6–1.8 cm, glabrous, finely ribbed edge not thickened, characteristically narrowed slightly, two fifths of the length from the tip. Ligule a small ridge bearing long hairs. Leaf sheath and leaf base with sparse long hairs. Inflorescence a lax panicle 7.5–20 cm long, branches slender, scabrid, spreading when ripe. Spikelets pale brown, elliptic, 3–3.2 mm long. Lower glume only a little shorter than the upper, half to three quarters the length of the spikelet, both strongly nerved with narrow hyaline margins and very sparingly pilose. Sterile lemma strongly 9-nerved, similar in texture to the glumes. Upper lemma indurated, exposed, pale brown at maturity, 2.8–2.9 mm long, flattened to slightly depressed dorsally, prickly at the summit with a tuft of hairs (Barnes and Chan 1990; Reed, 1977).
    [Show full text]