Science Gallery Comics Group

SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE 1 €2

1 INTRODUCTION BY MICHAEL JOHN GORMAN, DIRECTOR, SCIENCE GALLERY & LYNN SCARFF, PROGRAMME MANAGER, SCIENCE GALLERY

What makes a material magical? Is it an ability to Superpowers, however, are not the only familiar change shape before your eyes, to automatically heal, comic book storyline. A public with sometimes or to be one of the lightest yet strongest materials mixed feelings towards new advances in science “UNLEASH on earth? MAGICAL MATERIALS explores the are another regular feature. In reality, we often properties of some of the world’s most mysterious embrace new technologies and the improvement materials, giving you an opportunity to investigate and they bring while also feeling anxious about the experiment at the cutting edge of materials science. unknown consequences of synthetic materials. In developing MAGICAL MATERIALS, Science Like all good comic books, MAGICAL MATERIALS Gallery teamed up with artist Stephen Byrne to create offers visitors opportunities to explore YOUR a band of superheroes imbued with the intriguing new materials and their applications, ask properties of the materials we are exploring. From questions and imagine future scenarios. Nanoman, with his amazing tensile strength and We would like to thank the numerous flexibility, to Morph, who can radically change shape researchers, artists, designers and producers or size due to a small variation in temperature, the that have been so generous with their time, ideas MAGICAL MATERIALS superheroes exhibit physical and connections in developing MAGICAL SUPER and chemical properties that are directly based on MATERIALS. In particular, our curators John emerging fields of materials science research. Boland, Director of CRANN [Centre for Research Comic books regularly borrow from the world on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices of science in both their plotlines and the creation at Trinity College Dublin] and Marie O’Mahony of their superheroes, and materials science [Advanced Fashion and Textiles, OCAD in particular forms the parameters of their University, Toronto] who have contributed their POWERS!” superpowers. While characters such as Batman expertise and knowledge to the exhibition. and Iron Man overtly use advances in science Dig out your superhero cloak, unleash and technology as the basis of their power, your superpowers and join us in exploring the others like Wonder Woman, with her mythical peculiar properties of materials science! lasso of truth, are more inspired by scientific advancements—her creator, William Moulton Marston, also invented the polygraph. And now, with developments in nanoscience and high- end microscopy allowing us to manipulate the microstructures of matter to create materials with amazing capabilities, superpowers have never seemed more attainable. Inspired by the exhibition, you can sketch your own superhero in our design studio. Each week, we’ll be choosing a visitor’s superhero design for Stephen to bring to life as a full-colour comic book cover.

02 03 INTRODUCTION BY JOHN BOLAND, DIRECTOR OF CRANN INTRODUCTION BY MARIE O’MAHONY, [CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON ADAPTIVE NANOSTRUCTURES AND NANODEVICES], TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN ADVANCED FASHION AND TEXTILES, OCAD UNIVERSITY, TORONTO

Materials are the key ingredient in all From mysterious to mythical, why do the properties scientific and science fiction vision. The benefit technologies—from iPhones to flat panel TVs, and “IRELAND IS IN FACT of so many materials strike us as almost magical in is that while plastic has struggled to find its own from medical implants to the controlled release nature? The Mayans believed that the gods originally identity, nanotechnology is already being appreciated of pharmaceutical drugs. Although materials ONE OF THE WORLD tried to create humans from mud and wood. The for its own unique characteristics. Although scientists shape the world we live in, the role of materials in Greeks described the Titan Prometheus as combining have not attempted to resize people, they have gone underpinning vast sections of the Irish economy LEADERS, AND WAS clay and water to make man, which in turn inspired on to develop some extraordinary materials and has largely gone unnoticed by the general public. Mary Shelley’s book ‘Frankenstein—The Modern products such as carbon nanotubes and jeans that Ireland is in fact one of the world leaders, and INDEPENDENTLY Prometheus’. Today’s myth-makers move with ease can clean pollution from the air. Science, it would th was independently ranked 6 for nanoscience TH between science and science fiction. Self-healing seem, can sometimes be stranger than fiction. and 8th for materials science, with the majority of RANKED 6 FOR phones, flexible screens and clothing designed to Before modern science, the alchemists used these publications and discoveries coming from make the wearer stronger can and do exist in both evocative terms such as Quicksilver and Aqua Regina the CRANN Institute at Trinity College Dublin. NANOSCIENCE AND fact and fiction, so the magic has become reality. in their promises of turning base metal into gold. MAGICAL MATERIALS highlights Ireland’s TH The relationship between science and Today, the names of materials such as Aluminium scientific expertise in working with a range 8 FOR MATERIALS science fiction has always been cyclical, as they Nitride and Quantum Dots invoke an other-world of nanoscale materials, from graphene to inspire one another. In cinema Fritz Lang’s work or super-power quality. Such titles hint at some of quantum dots and nanowires and how these SCIENCE” with Herman Oberth on the rocket design for The their inherent qualities, but tell little of their actual materials are adding new functionality to Girl in the Moon [1929] was considered so realistic power, size or use. In MAGICAL MATERIALS, film existing electronics and medical devices, that the rocket models were seized as state secrets and photography are used to reveal the secrets of while introducing revolutionary new technologies. by the Gestapo. When physicist Richard Feynman some of these materials that are hidden from the By understanding how these materials behave, wrote his seminal article on nanotechnology There’s naked eye. When Feynman first spoke of the potential we can begin to think about improving the Plenty of Room at the Bottom in 1959, scientists of nanotechnology, he stressed the importance efficiency of existing products, such as batteries, had little idea what materials made with such a of photography in realising this vision, pleading solar cells and computer chips. We can also revolutionary technology would actually look like, “is there no way to make the electron microscope work towards developing new exciting devices, or what they could do. Science fiction writers and more powerful?”. In the fifty years since then from flexible electronic screens to personalised filmmakers were quick to step in with cult classics advances in microscopy and imaging have helped healthcare diagnostics and treatments. Advanced such as Richard Fleischer’s Fantastic Voyage in our understanding, conceptualisation and in materials and nanoscience research taking place [1966]. Fleischer depicted a world where humans the development of new materials. In MAGICAL today is critical to Ireland’s economic future. are shrunk to a nano-scale in order to be able to MATERIALS these techniques are seen to be employed travel through a human body and perform surgery. not only by science, but by the hands of artists and However, left to their own devices, early designers who draw our attention to and beyond materials scientists were likely to try to recreate a the science, to the inherent beauty of technology. synthetic version of what already existed in nature. MAGICAL MATERIALS is a celebration of the Plastics are an example of this. It seems strange wonder of our material world. The French philosopher today that the material was once promoted as Roland Barthes reminds us that of the senses an alternative to ivory. For decades, plastic was “sight is the most magical”, but also that “touch dismissed as a cheap disposable material, an is the most demystifying”. In combining physical imitator of other more worthy materials, rather than materials, investigative imaging techniques and one with qualities of its own worthy of consideration. hands-on physical experiments this exhibition looks However, with nanotechnology, the theory existed long to do both. It also aims to go further and inspire before the technology to realise it. It is only relatively the minds that will create the materials that will recently that the science has begun to catch up with shape and benefit humanity well into the future. 04 05 MATERIALS 08 SENTIENT MATERIALS 08 INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE 10 SMART CLOTHES 12 POWERFUL & PLIABLE 14 CLEAN & CLINICAL 16 DESIGNED BY NATURE 18 EXPERIMENTS 20 EXHIBITS 22 MATERIAL REFERENCE 24 ABOUT SCIENCE GALLERY 27 ABOUT CRANN 27 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE SENTIENT MATERIALS 4 25c From plastics that bleed and self-heal to the world’s lightest solid, these substances represent some of the most exciting and groundbreaking research in materials science. These smart materials can communicate, remember shapes and respond to a host of external stimuli—including temperature, stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields.

SELF-HEALING PLASTICS AUTO-HEALING POLYMERS Plastics that bleed red when damaged and A silicon polymer sheet that when cut, forms new heal themselves when light or heat is applied. bonds and and can weld itself back together.

SHAPE MEMORY METALS AND POLYMERS FERROFLUID Metals and polymers that deform at one A liquid that becomes strongly magnetised temperature and recover their original in the presence of a magnetic field. undeformed shape upon heating. SHAPE-RETAINING PLASTIC SELF-HEALING PAINTS A polyethylene plastic that bends like a metal, A polyrotaxane-based paint that enables but holds its shape unless you bend it back. small grazes to heal within an hour and deeper cuts to heal in up to a week. SUPER-ELASTIC PLASTIC A thermoplastic that stretches to eight HYDROGEL times its original size without ripping. A network of flexible polymer chains that are hydrophilic and can hold up to 500 HAND-MOLDABLE PLASTIC times their own weight in water. A polycaprolactone thermoplastic that has a comparatively low melting point of 60°C and can be AEROGEL melted and reformed into a new shape many times. The world’s lightest solid, created from a gel where the liquid component is replaced with a gas. A good thermal insulator that is used by NASA to collect stardust.

“Inspired by Sentient Materials, Morph is the leader of the group. His self-healing suit makes him resistant to anything his enemies can throw at him. He is the classic clean-cut good guy and the moral centre of the team.” Stephen Byrne 09 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE 25c 1 INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE includes everything from leading-edge nanoscience materials such as carbon nanotubes to re-imagined traditional materials like reverse-engineered silk. These materials are incredibly strong, while also being flexible, low density, conductive—and in some cases—biocompatible.

CARBON NANOTUBES [CNTs] ALUMINIUM NITRIDE A nanometre scale tube of graphite carbon An engineered ceramic that has extremely with incredible tensile strength [50–100 times high thermal conductivity; meaning if you hold stronger than steel at one quarter of the density] an aluminium nitride wafer in your hand for a and semi-conductive properties. Variations short time, your body will provide enough heat in their length, thickness, layers and type of for the wafer to cut through ice like butter. helicity [structure] can completely change their remarkable electrical properties. TRANSPARENT CONCRETE A strong concrete panel that is also transparent. SILK This concrete transmits light due to the inclusion of A material as tough as kevlar that has existed glass fibres which also give structural integrity. Their for more than 5 millennia. It is biodegradable, small size means they just blend into the concrete. can be used in microelectronics, is edible, sustainable and biocompatible. Researchers SUPERCONDUCTORS have recently genetically engineered silkworms A metal that will conduct electricity without to produce stronger and more elastic ‘spider silk’. any resistance below a very low temperature, usually –234oC. Superconductors repel SILICON NITRIDE magnetic forces below certain temperatures A compound of silicon and nitrogen that is and in very special conditions demonstrate the incredibly strong over a broad temperature remarkable phenomenon of quantum locking. range. It’s the material of choice for the ball bearings in NASA’s Space Shuttle and is so strong it can smash concrete.

“I think of Nanoman as a billionaire with the funds to create an incredible a suit of carbon nanotube armor that is super strong but lightweight enough to soar into the sky.” Stephen Byrne 11 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE SMART CLOTHES 25c 2 At the cutting edge of textile design, SMART CLOTHES include conductive fabrics that can power microelectronic devices, superhydrophobic materials and synthetic fabrics that can conserve body heat and promote increased blood circulation.

LUMINEX CALO-TEX A fabric with integrated optic fibres that can be Cotton impregnated with carbon nanotubes that arranged to power LEDs or integrated with sensors enable it to be conductive and keep the wearer warm, and microelectronics to create smart clothing. which can also be used like a wire to power an LED.

DRYCOT SPACE SKIN A polyester yarn made from 100% post- Reflects 97% radiated heat and has consumer recycled plastic bottles that feels strong mechanical properties. natural. Fibres are arranged so moisture passes efficiently from the inside to the outside. SUPERHYDROPHOBIC MATERIAL An antimicrobial material that mimics the SHADOW50+ lotus leaf, repelling both water and blood. A fabric that absorbs and reflects UV radiation. ORICALCO ENERGEAR Fabric woven from a shape memory A fabric that reflects a body’s Far Infrared Rays polymer that causes the fibres to contract [FIRs] back to the wearer, promotes blood circulation in heat—so long sleeves on a shirt can and increases oxygen levels in the blood. suddenly become short sleeves.

CONDUCTIVE FABRIC OSMOTEX A regular piece of fabric treated with a conductive A sealed 3D weave cooling textile with polymer that has no effect on its strength, feel potential applications in air conditioning or flexibility—yet allows it conduct electricity. and cooling in buildings, garments, beds, seats, transport and medicine. TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE POLYMER A touch-sensitive colour-changing polyester that changes from black through the visible spectrum in between the temperature range of 25ºC to 30ºC.

“When I first read about the ability of superhydrophobic materials to repel water, I immediately pictured a superhero who could sink to the depths of the oceans, without worrying about water pressure.” Stephen Byrne 13 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE POWERFUL & PLIABLE 25c 3 These power-harnessing devices are research prototypes manufactured from materials such as graphene, photonic crystals and silver nanowires. They investigate and exploit properties such as conductivity, strength, optics and flexibility while also being lightweight. Applications range from flexible phone and computer displays to printable battery cells and lasers.

GRAPHENE DYE-SENSITISED SOLAR CELLS

A single layer of graphite [the stuff in your pencil] Titanium dioxide [TiO2] photocatalytic nanoparticles, and just one atom of carbon thick, it is 200 sandwiched between platinum coated glass plates times stronger than steel, an excellent electrical and coated in the light absorbing dye for electrons conductor and impermeable. This superstar to pass through. Extremely lightweight and flexible, nanomaterial is the future of electronics, from the cells can even generate a portable form of fast transistors to transparent conducting electricity from the ambient light in your home. electrodes, gas sensors to touch screens. SILVER NANOWIRES CARBON NANOTUBES [CNTs] Extremely strong and flexible material with good 50–100 times stronger than steel at one quarter of thermal conductivity. Imagine a computer screen that the density and 10 times stickier than the adhesion could be bent, folded in half, and even crumpled like a forces of gekko feet, CNTs can be exploited in small sheet of newspaper, without affecting its function in electronic devices and in high strength composites the slightest. Used as active components in electronic used in anything from bridges to bicycle parts. devices, biosensors and light harvesting systems.

SOFT BATTERIES SILICON An all-printed power source that is flexible and thin, Silicon, chemically purified [and made from sand] is made of low cost environmentally friendly materials, the most abundant element on earth after oxygen. based on zinc and manganese dioxide. Used for low It is made as wafers and used in electronic chip power applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics manufacturing because it is a natural semiconductor. and RFIDs and functional embedded packaging. HELIUM ION MICROSCOPE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS Affords the highest resolution surface imaging The optical equivalent of the semiconductor, of bulk materials from a scanning microscope with the reflection and diffraction properties of 0.4 nanometres, to look at polymer based of opal gemstones and certain butterfly wings. systems and biological specimens. This opalescence allows the manipulation of light in a number of optical devices.

“I am always fascinated at seeing the near-future predictions for modern technology. Flexible screens are a common idea for the next generation of mobile devices. I decided to take this a step further and design a superhero whose suit is made of flexible technology, and a vast array of gadgets. Basically a much cooler Inspector Gadget.” Stephen Byrne 15 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE CLEAN & CLINICAL 25c 1 CLEAN & CLINICAL explores microbial sensing and potential tumour detection on a nanoscale, self-cleaning and air detoxifying solutions such as superhydrophilic titanium dioxide, silver nanoparticles in wound management and medical imaging using quantum dots.

TITANIUM DIOXIDE [TiO2] SILVER NANOPARTICLES Photocatalytic and low lux light solutions that Triangular, hexagonal or disc-shaped nanoparticles can be coated onto many surfaces such as with unique size-dependent optical, electrical, glass or hospital theatre walls to help them magnetic and anti-microbial properties. They self-clean or purify the air around them. form highly conductive wires and coatings for applications such as transparent electrodes, SILICON CANTILEVER photovoltaic cells and wound management. Microbial sensors with selective coatings [eg. immunoglobulins] for targeted immobilisation QUANTUM DOTS of microbes determined by changes in vibration Nanoscopic crystal semiconductors [of cadmium frequency, and which can determine the level of telluride or cadmium selenide] whose electronic microbial activity in a drop of blood—invaluable and optical properties are related to the size, for potential application in emergency and shape and composition of the individual crystal bedside testing for bacterial or viral infection. and fluoresce under UV light. Potential applications include in synthetic photosynthetic systems, NANOGOLD transistors, solar cells, LEDs, diode lasers, A revolutionary biosensor based on engineered medical imaging and quantum computing. gold nanoparticles [the diameter of one is about 20 billionths of a metre], nanogold can be used to label proteins for tumour detection and diagnosis.

“I was fascinated by the power of air-purifying materials, which immediately summoned the image of a superhero fighting against fearsome toxic monsters. In my mind, Aero was an enviromental campaigner who gained powers to help fight his cause.“ Stephen Byrne 17 SCIENCE GALLERY COMICS GROUP

ISSUE DESIGNED BY NATURE 25c 3 Inspired by the structure and function of biological systems, DESIGNED BY NATURE includes reverse-engineered spider silk, a synthesised substrate for bone cell growth and alternative materials that mimic photosynthesis.

SCAFFOLD FOR CARTILAGE GROWTH BIODEGRADEABLE PLASTICS A matrix developed through tissue engineering Plastics made from bacteria [PHB] and that can regenerate damaged tissues by cornstarch [PLA] that degrade in soil with no combining cells from the body with highly adverse effects and that can dissolve in water porous scaffold biomaterials, which act as [PVA]. All biodegradable with real commercial templates to guide the growth of new tissue. applications in the packaging industry—and potential to reduce our toxic landfill sites. ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS A biomimetic process that replicates capturing SILK and converting sunlight energy, water, and Silk is edible, biodegradable and implantable carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen. with strength, durability and a strong capacity Using CNT-embedded polymers or nickel- to be conductive, fluorescent and drug-eluting. molybdenum-zinc films, this process replaces Potential applications include programmable nature’s use of pigments such as chlorophyll. biodegradable orthopaedic hardware, vein and artery replacement, drug storage and delivery BIOGLASS SCAFFOLD systems, smart sensors [such as food ripening A tissue-engineered matrix with mechanical detection] and optical 3D display systems. properties of high specific stiffness and strength. The glass scaffold is porous with a compressive strength comparable to that of cortical bone and important for a broad range of emerging applications, including filters, catalyst support, and tissue engineering scaffolds.

“Florogirl is an investigative reporter who was accidentally exposed to the properties of Nickel Molybdenum Zinc, and found herself able to imitate the process of photosynthesis by converting light from the sun and moisture in the air into energy. She uses her powers to create highly concentrated energy beams. I imagine that she can store up energy when fighting crime at night, but also runs the risk of running out of reserves.” Stephen Byrne 19 SENTIENT MATERIALS Graphene Battery Shape Memory Alloys [Film and samples] Valeria Nicolosi, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. EXPERIMENTS Armin Lau & David Kiel, AVALON FP7 Research Photonic Crystals MAGICAL MATERIALS draws on the power of current research in materials Consortium, Aarhus University, Denmark. Martyn Pemble, Tyndall National Institute, Light Sensitive Polymers University College Cork, Ireland. science, which investigates the properties and functions of materials often Silvia Giordani, Centre for Research on Adaptive Dye Sensitised Solar Cell at scales one billion times smaller than the naked eye can see. MAGICAL Nanostructures and Nanodevices [CRANN], Lorcan Brennan, Yurii K. Gun’ko, MATERIALS experiments and demonstrations allow the visitor to explore Trinity College Dublin [TCD], Ireland. CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Cornstarch Vibration Silicon the world of materials science, from early prototypes to fully developed Louise Bradley, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Leonard Hobbs, Intel, Ireland. commercial, industrial and medical applications—happening locally at Ferrofluids CRANN in Trinity College Dublin and also at an international level. Éilis Mc Grath, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. CLEAN & CLINICAL Shape Memory Polymer [video and samples] Silicon Cantilever Nick Puckett, AltN, Canada. Martin Hegner, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Silver Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots Display INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE Louise Bradley, John Kelly, Astrid Wachauer, Spider Silk Demonstration Valerie Anne Gerard , CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Christopher Holland, Oxford University, UK. Nanogold Demonstration Magnetic Levitation Éilis McGrath, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Mike Coey & Karl Ackland, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Carbon Nanotubes DESIGNED BY NATURE Johnny Coleman, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Collagen Scaffold and Cell Culture Nano Holograms Fergal O’Brien & Tanya Levingstone, The Bone Graham Cross, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. and Tissue Engineering Research Group of the Invisibility Cloak Explanation Demonstration Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland [RSCI]. Science Gallery, TCD, Ireland. Stereo Microscope, Light Microscope Quantum Levitation and Inverted Microscope Guy Deatscher, Mishael Azoulay Colin Darby, Micron Optical & Zeiss, Ireland. & Boaz Almog, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Artificial Photosynthesis and CNT Embedded Polymer Film POWERFUL & PLIABLE David Coker & Laura Herz, University College Vial of Graphene Dublin [UCD], Ireland and Oxford University, UK. Johnny Coleman, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Biodegradable Plastics Graphene Sonication and Graphene Trevor Woods [School of Physics, TCD], Strain Rubber System Maciej Guzik & Kevin O’Connor Umar Khan, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. [School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science UCD Infinion CNT Wafer and the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland]. Georg Duesberg, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Silk Bones, Food Sensors and Vein Replacements Nanowires Flexible and Conductive Screen Fiorenzo Omenetto, TUFTS University Boston, US. Philip Lyons, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Nitinol [NiTi] Heart Valve Remote Access to Helium Ion Microscope Bruce Murphy, Biomechanical Engineering, Cathal McAuley, Advanced Microscopy TCD, Ireland. Lab, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. 20 21 SENTIENT MATERIALS SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGES RATE MY RESEARCH Ferro Fluid [2011] These are a series of images captured by researchers in Memory of nanowire networks EXHIBITS Perry Hall, US. [www.lovebrain.net] CRANN. The images give an insight into an atomic world, Jessamyn Fairfield, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. Many of the materials explored in more than 10,000 times smaller than a human hair. Graphene INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE TiO2 on FTO glass for solar cells [2012] Arlene O’Neill, CRANN, TCD, Ireland. MAGICAL MATERIALS are still in the Space Elevator [1999] Yanhui Chen, China. Cantilever research lab and not yet realised in Pat Rawlings, US. [www.patrawlings.com] Living in a Graphene World [2012] Sensitive Diagnostics, Jason Jensen, specific applications or products. Niall McEvoy, Ireland. CRANN, TCD, Ireland. SMART CLOTHES Pac Man [Cantilever—Apsergillus fungus] [2012] Self cleaning materials and MRSA This section presents a number SEM Images [2012] Michael Walther, Switzerland. Patrick Cronin, Nanonet Ireland, of works by artists and designers Iris Van Herpen, Bart Oomes & Stephen Meyer, Connectivity in a Nanowire [2012] University of Limerick, Ireland. responding to the potential of these The Netherlands. Copyright of The Groninger Jessamyn Fairfield, US. Museum. [www.irisvanherpen.com] Bio Soup Pot [Collagen scaffold] [2012] innovative materials. Works like Eoin McCarthy, Ireland. Miquel Mora’s Flat Futures imagines POWERFUL & PLIABLE The Hive [Biodegradable polymer] [2012] a future of electronic paper based on Flat Futures [2008] David McGovern, Ireland. Miquel Mora, Spain. [www.miquelmora.com] Split Ends 1 [Gekko Feet] [2011] advances in flexible electronics where Nokia Morph [2008] Brendan O’Dowd, Ireland. we can crush an offending alarm clock Nokia Research Center [NRC] in collaboration Image 1 [Tarantula spider, silk secreting spigot] with our hands. While other works like with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre, UK. [2012] Brendan O’Dowd, Ireland. Victoria Vesna’s Blue Morph and Iris CLEAN & CLINICAL Fibre 2 [CNTs] [2011] Van Herpen’s prints take inspiration Field of Jeans [2011] Karen Young, Ireland. from the mysteries of the nanoworld. Helen Storey, Catalytic Clothing, UK. Magnetic Levitation [2012] [www.catalytic-clothing.org] Karl Ackland, Ireland. Raspberry [Aspergillus niger sporangiophore DESIGNED BY NATURE on microcantilever] [2012] Biophilia [2011] Jason Jensen, Ireland. Veronica Ranner, Germany. Photonic Jellyfish [2012] [www.vroniranner.bplaced.net] David Mc Closkey, Ireland. Blue Morph [2007] Cell Grapes [Culture of lung epithelial cells] [2012] Victoria Vesna, US. [www.victoriavesna.com] Dania Movia, Italy. Silly Putty and the Index of Curiosity [2012] Zoe Laughlin, Institute of Making, UK. [www.instituteofmaking.org.uk]

22 23 MATERIAL REFERENCE SENTIENT MATERIALS Graphite Levitation Kit Luminex Fabric Sample MAGICAL MATERIALS RESEARCHERS Scratch Shield iPhone Case Mindsets Online, UK. Luminex, Italy. [www.luminex.it] Mary Colclough, CRANN, TCD Nissan Global, UK. [www.nissan-global.com] [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Conductive Fabric and Temperature Maria Phelan, Science Gallery, TCD Aerogel Superelastic Wire, Smart Wire, Sensitive Fabric Samples Buy Aerogel, US. [www.buyaerogel.com] Memory Spring, Memory Wire Inventables, US. [www.inventables.com] MAGICAL MATERIALS EXHIBITION BUILD & DESIGN Autoheal Polymers Mindsets Online, UK. Electrotextiles Russellworks Mindsets Online, UK. [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Mindsets Online, UK. [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Magic Sand [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] MAGICAL MATERIALS GRAPHIC DESIGN Hydrogel Mindsets Online, UK. Osmotex Cooling Textile Ruža Leko Mindsets Online, UK. [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Osmotex, Switzerland. [www.osmotex.ch] [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] MAGICAL MATERIALS COMIC ART Hydrochromic Paint INVINCIBLE & INVISIBLE POWERFUL & PLIABLE Stephen Byrne Mindsets Online, UK. Rain Campaign Sample Soft Battery [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Fresh Green Ads, The Netherlands. Enfucell, Finland. [www.enfucell.com] Ferrofluid [www.freshgreenads.com] Conductive Paint Mindsets Online, UK. Quantum Levitation Kit Bare Conductive, UK. [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Quantum Levitation, Israel. [www.bareconductive.com] Soft Magnets [www.quantumlevitation.com] Carbon Sheet Inventables, US. [www.inventables.com] Transparent Concrete Mindsets Online, UK. Shape Memory Polymers Litracon, Hungary. [www.litracon.hu] [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Inventables, US. Silicon Nitride Ball Bearing [www.inventables.com] & Mindsets Online, UK. Carter Bearings, UK. [www.carterbearings.com] CLEAN & CLINICAL [http://www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Aluminium Nitride Wafer Self Cleaning Materials Shape Retaining Plastic Valley Design, US. [www.valleydesign.com] Nanoland Global [Dermott Reilly], Ireland. Inventables, US. [www.inventables.com] Silk Cocoons [www.nanoland.net] Super Elastic Plastic Mindsets Online, UK. Pilkington Activ Self Cleaning Glass Inventables, US. [www.inventables.com] [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Pilkington Glass, UK. [www.pilkington.com] Cold Forming Plastics Mindsets Online, UK. SMART CLOTHES DESIGNED BY NATURE [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Drycot and Shadow50+ Fabric Samples Stereo Microscope, Light Microscope Heat Shielding Gel Filature Miroglio, Italy. and Inverted Microscope Inventables, US. [www.inventables.com] [www.filaturemiroglio.com/eng/newlife.php] Micron Optical & Zeiss, Ireland. Smart Putty and Smart Fluid Oricalco, Calotex and Spaceskin Fabric Samples [www.micronoptical.com] Mindsets Online, UK. Grade Zero Espace, Italy.[www.gzespace.com] [www.mindsetsonline.co.uk] Coldblack and Energear Fabric Samples Sugru Samples Schoeller Textiles AG, Switzerland. Sugru, UK. [www.sugru.com] [www.schoeller-textiles.com]

24 25 SUPPORTERS ABOUT SCIENCE GALLERY ABOUT CRANN

Science Gallery at Trinity College Dublin is a world CRANN is the leading institute for nanoscience first, a space that ignites creativity and discovery and materials science research in Ireland, and where science and art collide. Since opening in links Trinity College Dublin with collaborating early 2008, over 1 million visitors to Science Gallery Principal Investigators in University College Cork. have experienced 22 exhibitions ranging from light Its primary objective is to deliver world leading to love, from sustainability to infection. Science research and importantly translate this research to Gallery’s 23rd exhibition, MAGICAL MATERIALS, achieve both economic and societal benefit through is part of a vibrant 2012 programme, including collaboration with industry and commercialisation EDIBLE, HAPPY?, HACK THE CITY and GAME. of technologies. CRANN is also committed to Science Gallery is an initiative of Ireland’s leading the education and training of graduates who are research university, Trinity College Dublin and is the future of the Irish knowledge economy and kindly supported by the Wellcome Trust as founding to the promotion of science through innovative partner, and by ‘Science Circle’ supporters DELL, outreach programmes to schools and the general Deloitte, Google, ICON and NTR Foundation. public. CRANN has over 300 researchers and Science Gallery also receives government support is supported by Science Foundation Ireland, from the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Enterprise Ireland, industry and the EU Commission. Innovation, Department of Arts, Heritage and Gaeltacht and Science Foundation Ireland. For more information visit www.sciencegallery.com.

MAGICAL MATERIALS is kindly supported by CRANN, Intel, Enterprise Ireland, EuroNanoForum 2013, Inspire and CCAN. With thanks also to our 2012 Programme Partners, Dublin City of Science Festival 2012, ESOF 2012, Vodafone, Dublin City Council, EU Framework Programme 7, IBM, Coillte, Micron Optical and Zeiss.

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